CN108366036A - A kind of modulation codebook design method towards Sparse Code multiple access system - Google Patents
A kind of modulation codebook design method towards Sparse Code multiple access system Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
- H04L27/32—Carrier systems characterised by combinations of two or more of the types covered by groups H04L27/02, H04L27/10, H04L27/18 or H04L27/26
- H04L27/34—Amplitude- and phase-modulated carrier systems, e.g. quadrature-amplitude modulated carrier systems
- H04L27/345—Modifications of the signal space to allow the transmission of additional information
- H04L27/3461—Modifications of the signal space to allow the transmission of additional information in order to transmit a subchannel
- H04L27/3483—Modifications of the signal space to allow the transmission of additional information in order to transmit a subchannel using a modulation of the constellation points
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
- H04L1/004—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using forward error control
- H04L1/0056—Systems characterized by the type of code used
- H04L1/0071—Use of interleaving
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
- H04L27/32—Carrier systems characterised by combinations of two or more of the types covered by groups H04L27/02, H04L27/10, H04L27/18 or H04L27/26
- H04L27/34—Amplitude- and phase-modulated carrier systems, e.g. quadrature-amplitude modulated carrier systems
- H04L27/3405—Modifications of the signal space to increase the efficiency of transmission, e.g. reduction of the bit error rate, bandwidth, or average power
- H04L27/3444—Modifications of the signal space to increase the efficiency of transmission, e.g. reduction of the bit error rate, bandwidth, or average power by applying a certain rotation to regular constellations
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Abstract
A kind of modulation codebook design method towards Sparse Code multiple access system, includes the following steps:First according to the carrier resource number of current system parameter, including carrier resource number, number of users and each user occupancy, the number of multiplexed resource user on each carrier wave is calculated, designs the mapping relations between user and carrier resource.Then, the modulation constellation of each user is designed in the number of each dimension constellation point according to the number of multiplexed resource user on each carrier wave and each user.The modulation constellation of multiplexed resource user on all carrier waves is obtained finally by the mapping relations of user and carrier resource, and converted to obtain the mapping relations in various constellations dimension between bit sequence and modulation constellation point symbol according to symbol interleaving, obtain final modulation code book planisphere.Higher-dimension codebook design method operating procedure proposed by the present invention is simple, is advantageously implemented, and better transmission performance can be brought to system.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to non-orthogonal multiple access technology fields, more particularly to one kind towards Sparse Code multiple access system
Modulation codebook design method.
Background technology
Demand of the mobile Internet to data business volume increasingly increases, and people give pleasure in work under current the Internet of things era
Business demand in the various scenes such as happy so that requirement of the industry to 5G mobile communication system improves suddenly.Such as need 5G logical
Letter system can reach higher spectrum efficiency and meet the access of mass users, especially at magnanimity machine type communication (mMTC)
In scene, the access problem for handling mass users is needed.In traditional wireless communication system, distinguished not by multiple access technology
It is most common to have time division multiple acess access, frequency division multiple access access, CDMA access and space division more with the signal that user is emitted
Location is accessed.In addition the orthogonal frequency-time multiple access energy based on OFDM modulation mode is used in 4G wireless communication systems
Increase the rate of user, and the mainstream access way of the mainstream access way as long term evolution (LTE).However future is arrived
The epoch of all things on earth interconnection, communication system need to further increase the handling capacity of system and access amount, thus novel non-orthogonal multiple
The research of access technology (NOMA) will also be played the role of key.
SCMA technologies have as one of NOMA technologies relatively good at present in the higher system of overload factor
The still very high advantage of handling capacity.Academia to the research of SCMA technologies be concentrated mainly on transmitting terminal higher-dimension codebook design and
The detection process of receiving terminal complexity.During SCMA transmitting terminals carry out codebook design, own in the codebook set of each user
Code word value in identical dimension is zero or non-zero, and by the mapping relations of designing user to resource dimension, is reduced non-
Different user conflicts the interference brought in same resource in orthogonal access procedure.Codebook design is by higher-dimension star in SCMA links
The Novel codebook design technology that is combined with spread spectrum of seat modulation technique, what the good code book of performance not only can be with lifting system can
By property, the computation complexity of receiver can be also reduced.Existing higher-dimension codebook design is all divided into the design and difference of female constellation
User is to two steps of operation of female constellation, and design procedure is quite cumbersome, and the step of codebook design is related to all carrier waves
Planisphere in resource is unfavorable for optimizing.
Therefore in order to preferably design higher-dimension code book of good performance, can consider emphatically to be multiplexed money on some carrier wave
The planisphere of source user, and can be obtained by doing shirtsleeve operation on the basis of this planisphere of designed carrier resource
Obtain other planispheres on carrier resource.The design procedure of higher-dimension code book is concentrated mainly in single carrier wave resource, is more had
Conducive to the optimization of constellation operation, better higher-dimension code book is designed.
Invention content
Above-mentioned in order to solve the problems, such as, the present invention provides a kind of modulation code book towards Sparse Code multiple access system
Design method, this method can design the code book haveing excellent performance with simple step, have and are easily achieved, can reduce the mistake of system
The characteristics such as frame per second, for this purpose, the present invention provides a kind of modulation codebook design method towards Sparse Code multiple access system,
Include the following steps:
(1) according to current system parameter, including carrier resource number K, number of users J, the carrier wave of each user occupancy provides
Source number P calculates multiplexed resource number of users d on each carrier wavec, and design between rational user and carrier resource
Mapping relations;
(2) according to the number d of multiplexed resource user on each carrier wavec, and each the number M=4 of user's constellation point is set
Count the planisphere of each user so that Euclidean distance maximizes between the constellation point for the user that conflicts, wherein each constellation symbol
Corresponding N=log2M=2 binary bits;
(3) mapping for converting to obtain different bit sequences and constellation point symbol in various constellations dimension according to symbol interleaving is closed
System is to get to final code book.
Further improvement of the present invention, multiplexed resource number of users d on each carrier wave in step 1cCalculation formula such as
Under:
Wherein, the present invention sets number phases of multiplexed resource user in the resource and all carrier waves of all user occupancies
Deng as regular SCMA systems, mapping relations of the signal that user sends in resource can use dimension K × J factor
Figure matrix F indicates, when j-th of user sends signal in k-th of resource (F)k,j=1, (F)k,jThe row k of representing matrix F
Jth column element, as follows for a J=6, K=4, P=2, dc=3 and overload factor λ=150% factor graph institute it is right
The factor graph matrix answered, is expressed as:
Further improvement of the present invention, step 2 is according to the number d of multiplexed resource user on each carrier wavecAnd each use
The number M of family constellation point designs the planisphere of each user, includes the following steps:
1) according to the number M of each dimension constellation point of each user, the number of plies of constellation point on each carrier resource is obtained
ForT constellation point is dispersed on each layer, wherein:
It is center of circle radius for r that wherein l layers of T constellation point, which is evenly spaced in using coordinate origin,lCircle on, wherein l=
1,2 ..., L, the case where being directed to each dimension constellation point number M=4, design higher-dimension code book, therefore L=2 are calculated, T=
6;
2) the 1st layer of constellation point is set, and T constellation point is evenly spaced in radius r1On=1 circle, i.e., per two adjacent stars
Seat point between the corresponding angle of circular arc be:
The line for wherein belonging to two constellation points of same user is the diameter of a circle, the corresponding bit of the two constellation points
Respectively 00 and 11, that is, ensure that the distance between two constellation points of same subscriber maximize;
3) the 2nd layer of constellation point is set on the basis of the 1st layer of constellation point, and reduce the 1st layer of constellation point becomes radius first
For r2Circle, wherein 0≤r2≤r1, the T constellation point is then rotated clockwise into angle, θ along the arc of the circle where itr,
In 0≤θr≤ pi/2 is corresponded to close to 00 corresponding constellation point of bit sequence and bit sequence 01 in the 2nd layer, close to bit sequence 11
Corresponding constellation point and bit sequence 10 correspond to.
Further improvement of the present invention, step 3 convert to obtain different bit sequences in various constellations dimension according to symbol interleaving
The mapping relations of row and constellation point symbol, include the following steps:
1) preliminary constellation mappings of each user in P dimension are obtained according to claim 2, by sijWith bit sequence
It arranges ij to correspond to, i.e. constellation symbol vector is expressed as:
s0=[s00 s01 s10 s11];
2) it converts all user's even number dimensions to broadcast TV programs by satellite the mapping relations of a symbol and bit sequence, and by symbolic vector s0In
Element be re-ordered into;
se=[s01 s11 s00 s10];
The symbolic vector s of even number dimensioneIn element it is a pair of with the element one in bit sequence [00 01 10 11] respectively
It answers.
The invention discloses a kind of modulation codebook design methods towards Sparse Code multiple access system, for conventional method
In design female constellation first, then the codebook design method of the multidimensional simplex constellation of each user is obtained to the operation of female constellation, this
It is simple to invent the higher-dimension codebook design method operating procedure proposed, is advantageously implemented, and better transmission can be brought to system
Performance.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of flow chart of the modulation codebook design method towards SCMA systems in the present invention;
Fig. 2 is constellation G- Design flow on the 1st carrier resource of the invention;
When Fig. 3 is number of users J=6 in the present invention, carrier resource number K=4, each user occupancy number of resources P=2
The planisphere of conflict user in all resources, wherein outer layer planisphere constitute 3 times that round radius is internal layer, and internal layer is opposite
In outer layer rotation angle θr=0;
When Fig. 4 is number of users J=6 in the present invention, carrier resource number K=4, each user occupancy number of resources P=2
The constellation rotation schematic diagram of conflict user on carrier resource 1, wherein outer layer planisphere constitute 3 times that round radius is internal layer,
And internal layer is relative to outer layer rotation angle θr=0;
When Fig. 5 is number of users J=6 in the present invention, carrier resource number K=4, each user occupancy number of resources P=2
The constellation rotation schematic diagram of conflict user on carrier resource 1, wherein outer layer planisphere constitute 3 times that round radius is internal layer,
And internal layer is relative to outer layer rotation angle θr=π/6;
Fig. 6 be signal-to-noise ratio be 2.6dB when, rotation angle θr=0, outer layer constellation point constitutes the radius r of circle1With internal layer constellation
Point constitutes the radius r of circle2Frame error rate curve of ratio when taking different value.It can be obtained by simulation curve, work as r1:r2When=3.4
Frame error rate is minimum;
Fig. 7 is the r when signal-to-noise ratio is 2.6dB1With r2When ratio takes optimal value, circle staggered angle that two layers of constellation point is constituted
Spend θrTake frame error rate curve when different value.It can be obtained by simulation curve, work as θrFrame error rate is minimum when=0;
Fig. 8 is the local optimum multi-dimensional constellation diagram obtained according to emulation, wherein r1:r2=3.4, rotation angle θr=0.
Specific implementation mode
Present invention is further described in detail with specific implementation mode below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:
The present invention provides a kind of modulation codebook design method towards Sparse Code multiple access system, and this method can be used simple
The step of design the code book haveing excellent performance, have be easily achieved, the characteristics such as the frame error rate of system can be reduced.
As shown in Figure 1, the invention discloses a kind of modulation code book optimum design method towards SCMA systems, including it is as follows
Step:First according to the carrier resource number of current system parameter, including carrier resource number, number of users and each user occupancy
Mesh calculates the number of users of multiplexing transmission on each carrier resource, designs the mapping relations between user and carrier resource.So
Afterwards, each use is designed in the number of each dimension constellation point according to the number of multiplexed resource user on each carrier wave and each user
The modulation constellation at family.Multiplexing transmission user on all carrier resources is obtained finally by the mapping relations of user and carrier resource
Modulation constellation, and converted to obtain in various constellations dimension between bit sequence and modulation constellation point symbol according to symbol interleaving
Mapping relations, obtain final modulation code book planisphere.Relative to female constellation is designed in conventional method first, then to female constellation
Operation obtains the codebook design method of the multidimensional simplex constellation of each user, higher-dimension codebook design method behaviour proposed by the present invention
It is simple to make step, is advantageously implemented, and better transmission performance can be brought to system.It is as follows:
Step 1, carrier resource number K, the number of users J given by system, the carrier resource number of each user occupancy
Mesh P calculates multiplexed resource number of users d on each carrier wavec, and design the mapping between rational user and carrier resource
Relationship;
Multiplexed resource number of users d on wherein each carrier wavecCalculation formula it is as follows:
Present invention assumes that so resource of user occupancy and so the number of multiplexed resource user is all equal on carrier wave, i.e.,
For the SCMA systems of rule.Mapping relations of the signal that user sends in resource can use dimension K × J factor graph matrix
F is indicated.When j-th of user sends signal in k-th of resource (F)k,j=1, (F)k,jThe row k jth row member of representing matrix F
Element.As follows for a J=6, K=4, P=2, dc=3 and the factor graph of overload factor λ=150% corresponding to the factor
Figure matrix, is expressed as:
Pass through pjThe mapping matrix V of × KjBy the P dimension symbolic vectors g of j-th of userjIt is mapped as sparse code word K=4 dimensions
Code word xj, wherein mapping matrix VjIt is by pjIt is inserted into K-p in dimension unit matrixjFull zero row obtains.
Mathematical notation is mapping process:
xj=Vj·gj (0.1)
With J=6, for K=4, P=2, can obtain each user's mapping matrix according to factor matrix F is:
Step 2, the number d that multiplexed resource user on each carrier wave is calculated according to the parameter in step 1c=3, and
The number M=4 of each user's constellation point, i.e., per N=log2M=2 binary bits correspond to a constellation symbol.According to dcAnd M
The planisphere of two each users of parameter designing so that Euclidean distance maximizes between the constellation point for the user that conflicts;
According to the number d of multiplexed resource user on each carrier wavecAnd the number M of each user's constellation point designs each use
The planisphere at family, constellation G- Design flow on the 1st carrier resource as shown in Figure 2, specific steps include:
1) according to the number M of each dimension constellation point of each user, the number of plies for obtaining constellation point on each carrier resource isT constellation point is dispersed on each layer, wherein
It is center of circle radius for r that wherein l layers of T constellation point, which is evenly spaced in using coordinate origin,lCircle on, l=1,
2,…,L.Since the case where this patent will be directed to each dimension constellation point number M=4 designs higher-dimension code book, L is calculated
=2, T=6.
2) the 1st layer of constellation point is set, and T constellation point is evenly spaced in radius r1On=1 circle, i.e., per two adjacent stars
Seat point between the corresponding angle of circular arc be:
The line for wherein belonging to two constellation points of same user is the diameter of a circle, the corresponding bit of the two constellation points
Respectively 00 and 11, that is, ensure that the distance between two constellation points of same subscriber maximize.
3) the 2nd layer of constellation point is set on the basis of the 1st layer of constellation point, and reduce the 1st layer of constellation point becomes radius first
For r2Circle, wherein 0≤r2≤r1.Wherein, Fig. 3 is number of users J=6 in the present invention, carrier resource number K=4, Mei Geyong
Family occupies the planisphere for the user that conflicts in all resources when number of resources P=2, and wherein outer layer planisphere, which constitutes round radius, is
3 times of internal layer, and internal layer is relative to outer layer rotation angle θr=0.Fig. 4 is that the constellation rotation of conflict user on carrier resource 1 is shown
Intention, wherein outer layer planisphere constitute 3 times that round radius is internal layer, and internal layer is relative to outer layer rotation angle θr=0;
Then the T constellation point is rotated clockwise into angle, θ along the arc of the circle where itr, wherein 0≤θr≤π/2.2nd
It is corresponded to close to 00 corresponding constellation point of bit sequence and bit sequence 01 in layer, close to 11 corresponding constellation point of bit sequence and ratio
Special sequence 10 corresponds to.As shown in figure 5, number of users J=6, carrier resource number K=4, each user occupancy number of resources P=2
When carrier resource 1 on conflict the constellation rotation schematic diagram of user, wherein outer layer planisphere constitute that round radius is internal layer 3
Times, and internal layer is relative to outer layer rotation angle θr=π/6;
Step 3, reflecting for different bit sequences and constellation point symbol is converted to obtain in various constellations dimension according to symbol interleaving
Relationship is penetrated to get to final code book, specific steps include:
1) preliminary constellation mappings of each user in P dimension are obtained according to step 2, by sijWith bit sequence ij
Corresponding, i.e. constellation symbol vector is expressed as:
s0=[s00 s01 s10 s11]
2) it converts all user's even number dimensions to broadcast TV programs by satellite the mapping relations of a symbol and bit sequence, and by symbolic vector s0In
Element be re-ordered into
se=[s01 s11 s00 s10]
Even number dimension
Symbolic vector seIn element respectively in bit sequence [00 01 10 11] element correspond.
By link simulation, Fig. 6 be signal-to-noise ratio be 2.6dB when, rotation angle θr=0, outer layer constellation point constitutes the half of circle
Diameter r1The radius r of circle is constituted with internal layer constellation point2Frame error rate curve of ratio when taking different value.It can be obtained by simulation curve,
Work as r1:r2Frame error rate is minimum when=3.4.Fig. 7 is the r when signal-to-noise ratio is 2.6dB1With r2When ratio takes optimal value, two layers of constellation
The constituted circle offset angular θ of pointrTake frame error rate curve when different value.It can be obtained by simulation curve, work as θr=0 mistiming
Frame per second is minimum.Fig. 8 is the local optimum multi-dimensional constellation diagram obtained according to emulation, wherein r1:r2=3.4, rotation angle θr=0.
The above described is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, being not the limit for making any other form to the present invention
System, and according to the technical essence of the invention made by any modification or equivalent variations, still fall within present invention model claimed
It encloses.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of modulation codebook design method towards Sparse Code multiple access system, include the following steps, it is characterised in that:
(1) according to current system parameter, including carrier resource number K, number of users J, the carrier resource number of each user occupancy
Mesh P calculates multiplexed resource number of users d on each carrier wavec, and design the mapping between rational user and carrier resource
Relationship;
(2) according to the number d of multiplexed resource user on each carrier wavec, and the number M=4 designs of each user's constellation point are each
The planisphere of user so that Euclidean distance maximizes between the constellation point for the user that conflicts, and wherein each constellation symbol corresponds to N=
log2M=2 binary bits;
(3) convert to obtain the mapping relations of different bit sequences and constellation point symbol in various constellations dimension according to symbol interleaving,
Obtain final code book.
2. a kind of modulation codebook design method towards Sparse Code multiple access system according to claim 1, feature
It is:Multiplexed resource number of users d on each carrier wave in step 1cCalculation formula it is as follows:
Wherein, the present invention set multiplexed resource user in the resource and all carrier waves of all user occupancies number it is all equal,
As regular SCMA systems, mapping relations of the signal that user sends in resource can use dimension K × J factor graph square
Battle array F is indicated, when j-th of user sends signal in k-th of resource (F)k,j=1, (F)k,jThe row k jth of representing matrix F arranges
Element, as follows for a J=6, K=4, P=2, dc=3 and the factor graph of overload factor λ=150% corresponding to because
Subgraph matrix, is expressed as:
3. a kind of modulation codebook design method towards Sparse Code multiple access system according to claim 1, feature
It is:Step 2 is according to the number d of multiplexed resource user on each carrier wavecAnd the number M designs of each user's constellation point are each
The planisphere of a user, includes the following steps:
1) according to the number M of each dimension constellation point of each user, the number of plies for obtaining constellation point on each carrier resource isT constellation point is dispersed on each layer, wherein:
It is center of circle radius for r that wherein l layers of T constellation point, which is evenly spaced in using coordinate origin,lCircle on, wherein l=1,
2 ..., L, the case where being directed to each dimension constellation point number M=4, design higher-dimension code book, therefore L=2 are calculated, T=6;
2) the 1st layer of constellation point is set, and T constellation point is evenly spaced in radius r1On=1 circle, i.e., per two adjacent constellation points
Between the corresponding angle of circular arc be:
The line for wherein belonging to two constellation points of same user is the diameter of a circle, the corresponding bit difference of the two constellation points
For 00 and 11, that is, ensure that the distance between two constellation points of same subscriber maximize;
3) the 2nd layer of constellation point is set on the basis of the 1st layer of constellation point, and it is r that reduce the 1st layer of constellation point becomes radius first2's
Circle, wherein 0≤r2≤r1, the T constellation point is then rotated clockwise into angle, θ along the arc of the circle where itr, wherein 0≤θr
≤ pi/2 is corresponded to close to 00 corresponding constellation point of bit sequence and bit sequence 01 in the 2nd layer, corresponding close to bit sequence 11
Constellation point and bit sequence 10 correspond to.
4. the according to claim a kind of modulation codebook design method towards SCMA systems, which is characterized in that step 3 root
Convert to obtain the mapping relations of different bit sequences and constellation point symbol in various constellations dimension, including following step according to symbol interleaving
Suddenly:
1) preliminary constellation mappings of each user in P dimension are obtained according to claim 2, by sijWith bit sequence ij
Corresponding, i.e. constellation symbol vector is expressed as:
s0=[s00 s01 s10 s11];
2) it converts all user's even number dimensions to broadcast TV programs by satellite the mapping relations of a symbol and bit sequence, and by symbolic vector s0In member
Element is re-ordered into;
se=[s01 s11 s00 s10];
The symbolic vector s of even number dimensioneIn element respectively in bit sequence [00 01 10 11] element correspond.
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CN109495131A (en) * | 2018-11-16 | 2019-03-19 | 东南大学 | A kind of multi-user's multicarrier shortwave modulator approach based on sparse code book spread spectrum |
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CN112565153A (en) * | 2020-11-30 | 2021-03-26 | 沈阳理工大学 | SCMA multi-user codebook design method based on rotation mapping |
CN112532555A (en) * | 2021-02-18 | 2021-03-19 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | Constellation rotation encryption method based on codebook mapping and constellation expansion |
CN114204963A (en) * | 2021-11-12 | 2022-03-18 | 北京邮电大学 | Collision perception assisted code hopping pattern updating method |
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