CN108768482A - SCMA method for generating codebooks based on genetic algorithm - Google Patents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/0413—MIMO systems
- H04B7/0456—Selection of precoding matrices or codebooks, e.g. using matrices antenna weighting
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/0413—MIMO systems
- H04B7/0456—Selection of precoding matrices or codebooks, e.g. using matrices antenna weighting
- H04B7/0482—Adaptive codebooks
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the communications fields to obtain the SCMA code books with good bit error rate performance, the present invention, the SCMA method for generating codebooks based on genetic algorithm, steps are as follows the present invention is directed to promote the availability of frequency spectrum by SCMA code books of the design with good error bit ability：It is the minimum euclidean distance d between the SCMA signals emitted that the code book of different user, which has similar structure, the target of optimization, in non-orthogonal multiple SCMA code booksmin, that is, the fitness function in genetic algorithm, under the model of above-mentioned consideration, fitness function is the Euclidean distance between two vectors, and the variable of optimization, i.e. individual in genetic algorithm or population are γjAnd φj, by the heredity in mostly generation, variation, find so that fitness function dminMaximum optimum individual γjAnd φj, finally obtain the SCMA code books of all users.Present invention is mainly applied to code communication occasions.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the communications fields, are related to the generation method of nonopiate communication code book.Sparse CDMA (SCMA) technology
One of candidate technologies as the following 5G can not only improve user and access quantity, moreover it is possible to greatly improve the availability of frequency spectrum, can have
Effect alleviates the frequency spectrum congestion problems of current electromagnetic environment.SCMA codebook designs based on genetic algorithm are verified to be can be obtained preferably
Bit error rate performance.
Background technology
Under the driving of mobile internet service and internet of things service rapid growth, the 5th Generation Mobile Communication System not only needs
System spectral efficiency is significantly increased, also wants to support the ability that bulk device accesses.5G wireless communication standards need
Higher spectrum efficiency, more users access and lower delay, or even can support 100,000,000,000 connections, thousands of user
Tens megabits of data rate per second and 1 millisecond of delay.Under limited frequency spectrum resource quantity term, non-orthogonal multiple
(NOMA) technology is to increase the possibility solution of number of users.With time-division, frequency division and the code in conventional orthogonal multiple access technology
Divide unlike multiplexing, non-orthogonal multiple access technology realizes overloads access of user by introducing some controllable interference.
SCMA technologies are that the non-orthogonal multiple technology of code domain is compared with other non-orthogonal multiple access technologies, and spectrum efficiency is close to optimal
Change, blind examination survey technology and SCMA can also be utilized to collide insensitive characteristic to code word, realization exempts to dispatch random competition access.
SCMA technologies are the direct popularizations of low-density signature sequence (LDS), and in a cdma system, the information symbol of user is logical
It crosses to be multiplied to obtain with its spreading code and sends signal, all users send information, i.e. system simultaneously in identical frequency and on the time
Interior all users to share frequencies and time resource.But when number of users is more than spreading gain, the spreading code between each user
It can not ensure that perfection is orthogonal, at this point, the performance of cdma system drastically declines.Although multiuser detection can be eliminated due to expanding
The nonopiate multiple access interference brought of frequency code, but the implementation complexity of receiving terminal can be greatly increased.To solve this problem,
It is sparse sequence, i.e. LDS system that a kind of scheme, which is by the Spreading Sequences Designs in CDMA,.SCMA technologies are to reflect the QAM in LDS
It penetrates and is combined together with low-density two modules of spread spectrum, i.e., user's transmission bit is mapped directly into code word, entirely encodes flow
It can be not construed as the mapping code process from binary real number field to plurality domain.Compared with LDS, the vital task of SCMA is
It wants designed multidimensional complex field code book rather than simple CDMA signature sequences, needs to design in the codebook design of SCMA technologies
The planisphere of higher-dimension, rather than it is continuing with QAM constellation.Therefore, SCMA can obtain the planisphere forming that LDS does not have and increase
Benefit.
For the codebook design of SCMA generally by minimum Euclideam distance or channel capacity is maximized, document [1] is first
Secondary to propose the codebook design schemes based on lattice point planisphere design criteria, document [2] proposes one kind based on planisphere and reflects
Penetrate the codebook design schemes of matrix combined optimization.Document [3] has studied the SCMA codebook designs based on circle-star planispheres
Scheme.The present invention proposes a kind of SCMA codebook design schemes being based on genetic algorithm [4].
Genetic algorithm (Genetic Algorithm, GA) originates from the study of computer simulation carried out to biosystem.
It is the random global search and optimization method that natural imitation circle biological evolution mechanism grows up, and has used for reference Darwinian evolution
By with Mendelian theory Of heredity.Its essence is a kind of efficient, parallel, global search method, can be automatic in search process
Obtain and accumulate the knowledge in relation to search space, and adaptively command deployment process in the hope of optimum solution.Here pass through heredity
Algorithm maximizes minimum Euclideam distance, and then obtains the SCMA communication code books with preferable error performance.
[1]H.Nikopour and H.Baligh,"Sparse code multiple access,"2013IEEE
24th Annual International Symposium on Personal,Indoor,and Mobile Radio
Communications(PIMRC),London,2013,pp.332-336.
[2]J.Peng,W.Chen,B.Bai,X.Guo and C.Sun,"Joint Optimization of
Constellation With Mapping Matrix for SCMA Codebook Design,"in IEEE Signal
Processing Letters,vol.24,no.3,pp.264-268,March 2017.
[3]T.Metkarunchit,"SCMA codebook design base on circular-QAM,"
2017Integrated Communications,Navigation and Surveillance Conference(ICNS),
Herndon,VA,2017,pp.3E1-1-3E1-8.
[4] improvement of Li Ming genetic algorithms and its application study [D] the Jilin University in optimization problem, 2004.
Invention content
In order to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, the frequency spectrum congestion problems of electromagnetic environment are effectively solved, the present invention is directed to by setting
The availability of frequency spectrum can be promoted by counting the SCMA code books with good error bit ability, obtain the SCMA with good bit error rate performance
Code book.For this purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is, the SCMA method for generating codebooks based on genetic algorithm, steps are as follows：
The code book of different user has similar structure in non-orthogonal multiple SCMA code books, is the code of j-th of user as follows
This structure C BjFor：
Wherein, row represents different orthogonal resource blocks, and row represent four kinds of different code words, the resource block that different user occupies
Position is different, i.e., the position of the non-zero row of different user code book is different, φjIndicate what a code word rotated on different resource block
Angle, αj, βjIt indicates the size of code-word symbol, if code word ENERGY E is 2/3, then has：
Define γjIt indicates power variation, then has：
The target of optimization is the minimum euclidean distance d between the SCMA signals of transmittingmin, that is, it is suitable in genetic algorithm
Response function, under the model of above-mentioned consideration, fitness function is the Euclidean distance between two vectors, the variable of optimization,
Individual or population i.e. in genetic algorithm are γjAnd φj, by the heredity in mostly generation, variation, find so that fitness function dminMost
Big optimum individual γjAnd φj, according toWithα is calculatedjAnd βj, then by αj, βjAnd φjBand
Enter the structuring code book CB to each user1, CB2..., CB6In to get to the SCMA code books of all users.
Specifically,
Step 1：Enable γjAnd φjIndicate the two kinds of populations to be optimized respectively, first initialization population quantity, aberration rate, miscellaneous
The algebraically that friendship rate and algorithm need to evolve；
Step 2：By γjAnd φjWith the binary coding representation of corresponding digit, and initialization population γjAnd φj；
Step 3：Fitness function d is calculated with above-mentioned initialization populationmin, maximum value is obtained, as the initial of optimum individual
Change value bestvalue；
Step 4：The fitness function value for calculating each individual finds out each individual and enters follow-on probability, uses wheel disc
It gambles algorithm and analog selection is carried out to initial population, select male parent of the group of good performance as heredity；
Step 5：A random number is generated, if being less than hybrid rate, offspring is generated using two individual hybridization in male parent,
Otherwise do not hybridize；Then a random number is generated again, if being less than aberration rate, this individual is subjected to simulation variation, it is otherwise constant
It is different；
Step 6：The individual of new generation of generation is decoded as the decimal system, and calculates its fitness function.Find it is therein most
Big value Maxval and compared with previous generation optimal values bestvalue, if more than bestvalue is then updated, while preserving accordingly
Individual γjAnd φj, do not updated if no more than if；
Step 7：Judge end condition, be, exports current optimal solution, be otherwise transferred to step 4；
Step 8：Optimal γ is obtained through the above stepsjAnd φj, according toWithIt calculates
To αjAnd βj, then by αj, βjAnd φjIt is brought into the structuring code book CB of each user1, CB2..., CB6In to get useful to institute
The SCMA code books at family.
It is as follows in one example：
Step 1：Determine the structuring code book model CB of each users of SCMAj, optimized variable γjAnd φjAnd object function
dmin；
Step 2：Utilize genetic algorithm initialization population γjAnd φj, hybrid rate, aberration rate calculates the adaptation of initial population
Spend function dmin, and its maximum value is stored in bestvalue, that is, the globally optimal solution initialized；
Step 3：The fitness function of each individual and the ratio between the fitness function totally added up in population are calculated, wheel disc is used
Gambling method selects the male parent of next-generation individual；
Step 4：Individual in male parent generates the population of a new generation according to hybrid rate and the aberration rate heredity of initialization；
Step 5：Fitness function is calculated to each of population of new generation individual, maximum value is found out, is stored in Maxval；
Step 6：Compare Maxval and bestvalue, if Maxval is more than bestvalue, updates bestvalue, together
The corresponding γ of Shi BaocunjAnd φj, otherwise do not update；
Step 7：Above-mentioned 3 to 6 step is repeated until meeting algorithm iteration stop condition, and by final optimal value
The corresponding γ of bestvaluejAnd φj, according toWithα is calculatedjAnd βj, then by αj, βjWith
φjIt is brought into the structuring code book CB of each user1, CB2..., CB6In to get to the SCMA code books of all users；
Step 8：Under identical channel condition to obtain code book bit error rate performance carry out simulation analysis, by with have
Code book compares the correctness of verification scheme used.
The features of the present invention and advantageous effect are：
The present invention uses genetic algorithm optimization SCMA code books, the hybridization through excessive generation and variation, certain in emitted energy
Under the conditions of, globally optimal solution is obtained, i.e., maximumlly emits signal minimum range, to obtain optimal SCMA code books.?
Under same channel conditions, the GA code books of the invention optimized are obtained by emulation and now there are two types of code books (Huawei and TCM code books)
Bit error rate performance comparison diagram, as shown in Fig. 2, finding that the code book crossed using genetic algorithm optimization has better errored bit
Can, and then demonstrate the validity of this method.
Description of the drawings：
Fig. 1 algorithm flow charts.
Fig. 2 bit error rate performances compare.
Specific implementation mode
The invention belongs to the communications field, candidate technologies one of of sparse CDMA (SCMA) technology as future 5G, not only
User can be improved and access quantity, moreover it is possible to greatly improve the availability of frequency spectrum, the frequency spectrum congestion of current electromagnetic environment can be effectively relieved
Problem.SCMA codebook designs based on genetic algorithm are verified to can be obtained preferable bit error rate performance.
Effectively to solve the frequency spectrum congestion problems of electromagnetic environment, domestic and international researcher proposes MIMO, and millimetre-wave attenuator surpasses
The innovative techniques such as intensive networking and non-orthogonal multiple access.Non-orthogonal multiple access technology therein is by introducing controllably
A degree of user's overload can be achieved in interference, and then can promote the handling capacity and user's access quantity of mobile communication system, because
This, can promote the availability of frequency spectrum by SCMA code book of the design with good error bit ability, frequency spectrum congestion is effectively relieved and asks
Topic.Genetic algorithm has the characteristics that efficient, parallel, global search, the present invention maximize SCMA transmitting letters using genetic algorithm
Number minimum Euclideam distance, the SCMA code books with good bit error rate performance can be obtained.
By theory it is found that the minimum Euclideam distance maximized between communication transmitting signal is beneficial to preferably be missed
Code check performance, therefore the present invention obtains having preferable error code by the minimum euclidean distance between maximizing SCMA transmitting signals
The SCMA code books of rate performance.In the present invention, it is assumed that using orthogonal resource block number K=4, the number of users J=6 of model, each
The code book of user includes M=4 code word, and each number of resource blocks N=2 of code word occupancy, occupied by the code book of different user
Two orthogonal resource blocks it is different, realize user's Overflow RateHT of λ=J/K=1.5 at this time.
The SCMA code books of each user of structuring are given first.Codebook structure between each user is similar, is all by two
Radix-minus-one complement code word is constituted, and occupies two resource blocks.The difference is that the resource block location of each user occupancy is different, i.e., non-zero row
Position is different, and specific code word is different, i.e. αj, βjAnd φjThese parameters are different, give the code book of j-th of user as follows
Structure C BjFor：
Wherein, row represents different orthogonal resource blocks, and row represent four kinds of different code words, this representation user occupancy
2nd, 3 two piece of resource block.φjIndicate the angle that a code word rotates on different resource block, αj, βjIndicate the big of code-word symbol
It is small, if code word ENERGY E is 2/3, then have：
Define γjIt indicates power variation, then has：By this similar structure, different α is providedj,
βjAnd φj, the communication code book CB of 6 users can be obtained1, CB2..., CB6。
The target of optimization is the minimum euclidean distance d between the SCMA signals of transmittingmin, that is, it is suitable in genetic algorithm
Response function, under the model of above-mentioned consideration, fitness function is the Euclidean distance between two vectors, needs to calculate M altogetherJ
=46Secondary dmin.The variable of optimization, i.e. individual in genetic algorithm or population are γjAnd φj, by the heredity in mostly generation, variation, look for
To making fitness function dminMaximum optimum individual γjAnd φj, according toWithα is calculatedj
And βj, then by αj, βjAnd φjIt is brought into the structuring code book CB of each user1, CB2..., CB6In to get good to having
The SCMA code books of BER performances.
Specific implementation is as follows：
A kind of SCMA codebook designs based on genetic algorithm：
Step 1：Enable γjAnd φjIndicate the two kinds of populations to be optimized respectively, first initialization population quantity, aberration rate, miscellaneous
The algebraically etc. that friendship rate and algorithm need to evolve.
Step 2：By γjAnd φjWith the binary coding representation of corresponding digit, and initialization population γjAnd φj。
Step 3：Fitness function d is calculated with above-mentioned initialization populationmin, maximum value is obtained, as the initial of optimum individual
Change value bestvalue.
Step 4：The fitness function value for calculating each individual finds out each individual and enters follow-on probability, uses wheel disc
It gambles algorithm and analog selection is carried out to initial population, select male parent of the group of good performance as heredity.
Step 5：A random number is generated, if being less than hybrid rate, offspring is generated using two individual hybridization in male parent,
Otherwise do not hybridize.Then a random number is generated again, if being less than aberration rate, this individual is subjected to simulation variation, it is otherwise constant
It is different.
Step 6：The individual of new generation of generation is decoded as the decimal system, and calculates its fitness function.Find it is therein most
Big value Maxval and compared with previous generation optimal values bestvalue, if more than bestvalue is then updated, while preserving accordingly
Individual γjAnd φj, do not updated if no more than if.
Step 7：Judge end condition, be, exports current optimal solution, be otherwise transferred to step 4.
Step 8：Optimal γ is obtained through the above stepsjAnd φj, according toWithIt calculates
To αjAnd βj, then by αj, βjAnd φjIt is brought into the structuring code book CB of each user1, CB2..., CB6In to get useful to institute
The SCMA code books at family.
Specific steps are as shown in Figure 1.
It is as follows in an example of the invention：
Step 1：Determine the structuring code book model CB of each users of SCMAj, optimized variable γjAnd φjAnd object function
dmin。
Step 2：Utilize genetic algorithm initialization population γjAnd φj, hybrid rate, aberration rate calculates the adaptation of initial population
Spend function dmin, and its maximum value is stored in bestvalue, that is, the globally optimal solution initialized.
Step 3：The fitness function of each individual and the ratio between the fitness function totally added up in population are calculated, wheel disc is used
Gambling method selects the male parent of next-generation individual.
Step 4：Individual in male parent generates the population of a new generation according to hybrid rate and the aberration rate heredity of initialization.
Step 5：Fitness function is calculated to each of population of new generation individual, maximum value is found out, is stored in Maxval.
Step 6：Compare Maxval and bestvalue, if Maxval is more than bestvalue, updates bestvalue, together
The corresponding γ of Shi BaocunjAnd φj, otherwise do not update.
Step 7：Above-mentioned 3 to 6 step is repeated until meeting algorithm iteration stop condition.And by final optimal value
The corresponding γ of bestvaluejAnd φj, according toWithα is calculatedjAnd βj, then by αj, βjWith
φjIt is brought into the structuring code book CB of each user1, CB2..., CB6In to get to the SCMA code books of all users.
Step 8：Under identical channel condition to obtain code book bit error rate performance carry out simulation analysis, by with have
Code book compares the correctness of verification scheme used.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of SCMA method for generating codebooks based on genetic algorithm, characterized in that steps are as follows：
The code book of different user has similar structure in non-orthogonal multiple SCMA code books, is the code book knot of j-th of user as follows
Structure CBjFor：
Wherein, row represents different orthogonal resource blocks, and row represent four kinds of different code words, the resource block location that different user occupies
Difference, the i.e. position of the non-zero row of different user code book are different, φjIndicate the angle that a code word rotates on different resource block,
αj, βjIt indicates the size of code-word symbol, if code word ENERGY E is 2/3, then has：
Define γjIt indicates power variation, then has：
The target of optimization is the minimum euclidean distance d between the SCMA signals of transmittingmin, that is, the fitness in genetic algorithm
Function, under the model of above-mentioned consideration, fitness function is the Euclidean distance between two vectors, the variable of optimization is lost
Individual or population in propagation algorithm are γjAnd φj, by the heredity in mostly generation, variation, find so that fitness function dminIt is maximum
Optimum individual γjAnd φj, according toWithα is calculatedjAnd βj, then by αj, βjAnd φjIt brings into
To the structuring code book CB of each user1, CB2..., CB6In to get to the SCMA code books of all users.
2. the SCMA method for generating codebooks based on genetic algorithm as described in claim 1, characterized in that specifically：
Step 1：Enable γjAnd φjThe two kinds of populations to be optimized, first initialization population quantity, aberration rate, hybrid rate are indicated respectively
And the algebraically that algorithm need to evolve；
Step 2：By γjAnd φjWith the binary coding representation of corresponding digit, and initialization population γjAnd φj；
Step 3：Fitness function d is calculated with above-mentioned initialization populationmin, maximum value is obtained, the initialization value as optimum individual
bestvalue；
Step 4：The fitness function value for calculating each individual finds out each individual and enters follow-on probability, calculated with roulette
Method carries out analog selection to initial population, selects male parent of the group of good performance as heredity；
Step 5：A random number is generated, if being less than hybrid rate, generates offspring using two individual hybridization in male parent, otherwise
Do not hybridize；Then a random number is generated again, if being less than aberration rate, this individual is subjected to simulation variation, is not otherwise made a variation；
Step 6：The individual of new generation of generation is decoded as the decimal system, and calculates its fitness function.Find maximum value therein
Maxval and compared with previous generation optimal values bestvalue, if more than bestvalue is then updated, while preserving corresponding individual
γjAnd φj, do not updated if no more than if；
Step 7：Judge end condition, be, exports current optimal solution, be otherwise transferred to step 4；
Step 8：Optimal γ is obtained through the above stepsjAnd φj, according toWithα is calculatedjWith
βj, then by αj, βjAnd φjIt is brought into the structuring code book CB of each user1, CB2..., CB6In to get to all users'
SCMA code books.
3. the SCMA method for generating codebooks based on genetic algorithm as described in claim 1, characterized in that the tool in an example
Steps are as follows for body：
Step 1：Determine the structuring code book model CB of each users of SCMAj, optimized variable γjAnd φjAnd object function dmin；
Step 2：Utilize genetic algorithm initialization population γjAnd φj, hybrid rate, aberration rate calculates the fitness letter of initial population
Number dmin, and its maximum value is stored in bestvalue, that is, the globally optimal solution initialized；
Step 3：The fitness function of each individual and the ratio between the fitness function totally added up in population are calculated, roulette method is used
Select the male parent of next-generation individual；
Step 4：Individual in male parent generates the population of a new generation according to hybrid rate and the aberration rate heredity of initialization；
Step 5：Fitness function is calculated to each of population of new generation individual, maximum value is found out, is stored in Maxval；
Step 6：Compare Maxval and bestvalue, if Maxval is more than bestvalue, updates bestvalue, protect simultaneously
Deposit corresponding γjAnd φj, otherwise do not update；
Step 7：Above-mentioned 3 to 6 step is repeated until meeting algorithm iteration stop condition, and by bestvalue pairs final of optimal value
The γ answeredjAnd φj, according toWithα is calculatedjAnd βj, then by αj, βjAnd φjIt is brought into each use
The structuring code book CB at family1, CB2..., CB6In to get to the SCMA code books of all users；
Step 8：Under identical channel condition to obtain code book bit error rate performance carry out simulation analysis, by with existing code book
Compare the correctness of verification scheme used.
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| CN115001929A (en) * | 2022-06-01 | 2022-09-02 | 西南交通大学 | Low-complexity SCMA codebook design method for optical fiber channel |
| CN115001929B (en) * | 2022-06-01 | 2023-07-14 | 西南交通大学 | Low-complexity SCMA codebook design method for fiber channel |
| CN117176213A (en) * | 2023-11-03 | 2023-12-05 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | SCMA codebook selection and power distribution method based on deep prediction Q network |
| CN117176213B (en) * | 2023-11-03 | 2024-01-30 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | SCMA codebook selection and power distribution method based on deep prediction Q network |
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