CN108363831B - Direct-current series fault arc model simulation method - Google Patents
Direct-current series fault arc model simulation method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a direct-current series fault arc model simulation method, and belongs to the technical field of electrical engineering. The method comprises the following steps: s1: building a direct-current series fault arc test platform, performing a test, and measuring and recording power supply voltage, arc distance, arc voltage and arc current; s2: calculating arc resistance according to the arc voltage and the arc current which are measured and recorded, analyzing the relation between the arc resistance and the power voltage and the arc distance, and carrying out formula fitting; s3: establishing a simulation model of the direct-current fault arc through Matlab/Simulink according to a formula obtained by fitting; s4: setting simulation parameters, operating a simulation model, outputting a simulation result, and comparing the simulation result with an actual measurement result. The simulation method provided by the invention comprehensively considers the influences of the power supply voltage and the arc distance on the arc according to the real test data, and has the advantages of high simulation precision and strong universality.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of electrical engineering, and relates to a simulation method of a direct-current series fault arc model.
Background
With the continuous development of social economy, high-power electronic devices are widely applied. With the rapid popularization of direct current systems in the aerospace field, the solar power generation field, the large-scale power grid energy storage field and the like. In a dc system, dc arc may occur due to loosening of metal connectors, animal bite, damage to insulation layers such as power transmission lines, and the like. Because the direct-current fault arc and the alternating-current arc are greatly different, the direct-current fault arc and the alternating-current arc cannot be detected by the conventional protective devices such as fuses, circuit breakers and the like, and the high temperature generated by the direct-current fault arc easily burns devices and ignites surrounding flammable and explosive substances, so that a fire disaster is finally caused. Therefore, the improvement of the direct-current fault arc model is beneficial to understanding the combustion process of the arc more comprehensively, and more bases are provided for the detection and protection of the direct-current fault arc.
At present, most electric arc models applied in engineering are mainly Cassie models and Mayr models, but the Cassie models are only suitable for electric arcs in a low resistance state before current zero crossing, and the Mayr models are only suitable for electric arcs in a high resistance state, so that the generality of the Cassie models and the electric arcs is not high, the parameter setting of the models is difficult, and the use by users is inconvenient. In addition, the traditional static resistance model and the time-varying resistance model have fewer consideration factors in the modeling process, and the simulation result is difficult to combine with the reality. Moreover, none of the arc models described above consider the effects of both supply voltage and arc spacing on the arc.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the present invention aims to provide a method for simulating a dc series fault arc model, so as to obtain a dc series fault arc model with high simulation accuracy and strong versatility, and comprehensively considering power supply voltage and arc distance.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a direct current series fault arc model simulation method comprises the following steps:
s1: building a direct-current series fault arc test platform, performing a test, and measuring and recording power supply voltage, arc distance, arc voltage and arc current;
s2: calculating arc resistance according to the arc voltage and the arc current which are measured and recorded, analyzing the relation between the arc resistance and the power voltage and the arc distance, and carrying out formula fitting;
s3: establishing a simulation model of the direct-current fault arc through Matlab/Simulink according to a formula obtained by fitting;
s4: setting simulation parameters, operating a simulation model, outputting a simulation result, and comparing the simulation result with an actual measurement result.
Further, in step S1, the dc series fault arc test platform includes an arc generating device, the arc generating device includes two insulating fixtures, one end of one of the insulating fixtures is fixed on the fixed base, the other end of the insulating fixture clamps the stationary electrode, one end of the other insulating fixture is fixed on the sliding block, the other end of the insulating fixture clamps the movable electrode, the fixed base is provided with scales, the sliding block realizes sliding adjustment of the sliding block on the fixed base through the side adjuster, and the arc generating device is connected to a dc regulated power supply;
step S1 specifically includes the following steps:
s11: setting the output voltage of a direct current stabilized voltage supply, and adjusting a side regulator to ensure that a static electrode is completely contacted with a movable electrode, so that the whole test loop is closed, and starting a test;
s12: recording voltage and current waveforms at two ends of the arc generating device under normal conditions through an oscilloscope;
s13: slowly adjusting the distance between the movable electrode and the static electrode by the side regulator until the distance just enables the electric arc to be naturally extinguished, and recording the output voltage and the maximum arcing distance at the moment;
s14: changing the output voltage of the direct-current stabilized power supply, and repeating the step S13 to record the maximum arcing distance under different voltages;
s15: breaking the test circuit, resetting the output voltage of the direct current stabilized power supply, and adjusting the side regulator to ensure that the static electrode is completely contacted with the movable electrode, so that the whole test loop is closed, and starting the test;
s16: adjusting a side regulator to enable the distance between the movable electrode and the static electrode to reach a set value, and recording arc voltage and arc current of the arc at the distance through an oscilloscope;
s17: and changing the output voltage of the direct current stabilized power supply, repeating the step S16, and recording the arc voltage and the arc current under the same distance and different voltages.
Further, the direct current stabilized power supply is connected to the arc generating device through a current limiting resistor.
Furthermore, the adjusting mode of the side adjuster comprises coarse adjustment of a knob and fine adjustment of a stepping motor.
Further, the step S2 specifically includes:
s21: respectively calculating the average value of the arc voltage and the arc current according to the measured arc voltage and the measured arc current, and solving the arc resistance;
s22: the mathematical model of the arc resistance, the power supply voltage and the arc spacing is fitted to be,
R＝C1+C2·U+C3·D+C4·U·D
wherein, C1、C2、C3、C4For calculating the coefficients, U is the supply voltage and D is the arc spacing.
Further, step S3 specifically includes: and according to the obtained mathematical model, establishing a simulation model of the direct-current fault arc in Matlab/Simulink, and adding white noise to the arc voltage and the arc current output by the simulation model according to the actual condition.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. high simulation precision and strong universality. Compared with a Cassie model, a Mayr model or a static resistance model and a time-varying resistance model, the simulation results of the method on the arc voltage and the arc current are closer to the actual arc data.
2. The influence of the power supply voltage and the arc distance on the arc is comprehensively considered. The input parameters of the simulation model comprise power supply voltage and arc spacing, and the simulation result is influenced by the two factors and is consistent with the reality.
3. The direct-current series fault arc model established based on Matlab/Simulink has the advantages that data are all from experiments, and the persuasion is strong. And provides a simulation platform for the research of the direct current series fault arc.
Drawings
In order to make the object, technical scheme and beneficial effect of the invention more clear, the invention provides the following drawings for explanation:
FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram of a DC series fault arc system for testing in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a structural diagram of an arc generating device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a three-dimensional discrete point plot of arc resistance versus supply voltage, arc spacing;
FIG. 4 is a three-dimensional discrete point plot of arc resistance versus supply voltage, arc spacing;
FIG. 5 is a diagram of a DC series fault arc simulation model;
FIG. 6 is a graph of simulation results;
fig. 7 is a graph showing the results of actual measurement.
Detailed Description
Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The invention provides a simulation method of a direct current series fault arc model, which comprises the steps of firstly collecting real test data,
an embodiment of the present invention employs the series circuit shown in fig. 1. The power supply is a direct current stabilized power supply, the output voltage of the power supply is adjustable within 0-1000V, and the output current is adjustable within 0-3A; the current limiting resistor adopts a variable resistor of 1000W/200 omega, plays a role in limiting current, and avoids the damage to a direct current stabilized voltage power supply and an oscilloscope caused by overlarge circuit current.
The arc generating device comprises a static electrode 6, a movable electrode 7 and a sliding block 9, wherein the sliding block 9 is provided with a side regulator 10, the static electrode 6 and the movable electrode 7 are fixed on a fixed base 11 through an insulating clamp 8, and the static electrode 6 and the movable electrode 7 are both 10mm2The multi-core copper wire, the side regulator 10 can regulate the movable electrode 7, thus regulate the electric arc interval, the side regulator 10 has two kinds of regulation modes, the first one is roughly regulated by the knob, there are scales on the guide rail of the fixed base 11, can see the moving distance; secondly, the movement of the sliding block 9 is precisely controlled by a stepping motor, and the movement distance can be directly displayed. The electrodes were in contact before the test, and the arc gap, i.e. the distance the slider 9 moved. The oscilloscope collects arc voltage and arc current.
An arc striking mode: the two electrodes are completely contacted through the side regulator to close the whole circuit, and an oscilloscope and other equipment are used for recording voltage and current waveforms under normal conditions after the circuit is electrified. Then the moving electrode is slowly moved by a side regulator, and when the two electrodes are separated, an electric arc is generated. Keeping the arc stable burning, and recording the voltage and current waveform of the arc by the oscilloscope. And when the distance between the two electrodes is too large, the arc is extinguished.
The test steps are as follows:
first, study the maximum arcing interval of different voltages
Firstly, the output voltage of a direct current stabilized power supply is preset, and 5 grades are set in the embodiment, wherein the output voltage is 250V, 290V, 330V, 370V and 410V; adjusting a side adjuster of the arc generating device to enable the movable electrode to move slowly and separate from the static electrode to generate an arc; and thirdly, continuously and slowly adjusting the side surface adjuster until the electric arc with overlarge interval is naturally extinguished, recording the moving distance of the moving electrode at the moment, wherein the distance can be read by the scales on the guide rail or directly read from the stepping motor, and the distance is the maximum arcing interval under the voltage condition, and the result is shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
| | |
|
330V | 370V | 410V | ||
| Maximum spacing for stable combustion of the arc | 7mm | 8mm | 10mm | 12mm | 13mm |
Second, study the arc characteristics under different voltages and different distances
Firstly, the output voltage of a direct current stabilized power supply is preset, and 5 grades are set in the embodiment, wherein the output voltage is 250V, 290V, 330V, 370V and 410V; adjusting a side adjuster of the electric arc generating device to enable the movable electrode to slowly move to a certain fixed distance (2mm, 3mm, 4mm, 5mm and the like to the maximum distance capable of stably burning or the maximum distance capable of stably burning under different voltages is known in the previous experiment), and stably burning; and thirdly, the oscilloscope records the changes of the arc voltage and the arc current in the whole process in detail.
Considering that the generation process of the arc is not higher than 1ms, the arc enters a stable combustion state quickly, so that only the average value of the arc voltage and the average value of the arc current when the arc is stably combusted are calculated, and the arc resistance under each power supply voltage and each arc interval is obtained according to ohm's law.
Fig. 3 and 4 are three-dimensional discrete point diagrams of arc resistance, power supply voltage, and arc spacing, where the x-axis represents power supply voltage, the y-axis represents arc spacing, and the z-axis represents arc resistance, and it can be seen that: when the arc distance is fixed, the arc resistance is reduced along with the increase of the power supply voltage; at a certain supply voltage, the arc resistance increases with increasing arc spacing.
In the specific implementation process, the arc resistance is greatly influenced by the power supply voltage and the arc distance, and the functional relation among the arc resistance, the power supply voltage and the arc distance is fitted according to experimental data. Using cross (interaction) regression, the expression is as follows:
R＝C1+C2·U+C3·D+C4·U·D (1)
in the formula, R is arc resistance and the unit is omega; u is power supply voltage and has the unit of V, and U is more than or equal to 250V and less than or equal to 410V; d is the arc spacing in mm. C1～C4For calculating the coefficients obtained, 10mm was used in this example, depending on the electrode material used in the test2When the multicore copper wire is used, the coefficients are obtained as follows:
C1＝48.4803，C2＝-0.1294，C3＝18.9024，C4＝-0.0331 (3)
further, the maximum arc spacing that can maintain stable combustion varies with different supply voltages, as shown in table 2.
TABLE 2
| | |
|
330V | 370V | 410V | ||
| Maximum spacing for stable combustion of the arc | 7mm | 8mm | 10mm | 12mm | 13mm |
The power supply voltage is related to the maximum spacing for stable burning of the arc as follows:
Dmax＝0.04U-3.2 (3)
in the above formula, DmaxThe maximum spacing for stable combustion of the arc, U, is the supply voltage.
In summary, the mathematical model of the series fault arc is shown in formula (4), wherein U is more than or equal to 250V and less than or equal to 410V, and the maximum stable arcing distance D under a certain power supply voltage Umax＝0.04U-3.2，0＜D≤Dmax。
R＝48.4803-0.1294U+18.9024D-0.0331UD (4)
Fig. 5 is a mathematical model of a series fault arc, built in Matlab/Simulink software, according to the present invention. In the model, 1 and 2 are input ends for respectively inputting power supply voltage and arc distance, 4 is a calculation module of the mathematical model of the series fault arc established by the invention, 5 is an output processing module for adding white noise meeting the actual requirements to the output arc voltage and arc current, and 3 is an oscilloscope for displaying the final simulation result of the arc voltage and the arc current.
According to the established series fault arc model, the arc voltage and the arc current waveform can be obtained through simulation by inputting the power voltage and the arc distance. Fig. 6 shows simulation results of an input power supply voltage of 250V and an arc gap of 2mm, and fig. 7 shows actual measurement results. Comparing the simulation result with the actual measurement result, the simulation results of the arc voltage and the arc current are very close to the actual arc data.
Finally, it is noted that the above-mentioned preferred embodiments illustrate rather than limit the invention, and that, although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the above-mentioned preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and detail may be made therein without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (4)
1. A direct current series fault arc model simulation method is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1: building a direct-current series fault arc test platform, performing a test, and measuring and recording power supply voltage, arc distance, arc voltage and arc current; the direct-current series fault arc testing platform comprises an arc generating device, the arc generating device comprises two insulating clamps, one end of one insulating clamp is fixed on a fixed base, the other end of the insulating clamp clamps a static electrode, one end of the other insulating clamp is fixed on a sliding block, the other end of the other insulating clamp clamps a movable electrode, scales are arranged on the fixed base, the sliding block realizes sliding adjustment of the sliding block on the fixed base through a side regulator, and the arc generating device is connected to a direct-current stabilized voltage power supply; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
s11: setting the output voltage of a direct current stabilized voltage supply, and adjusting a side regulator to ensure that a static electrode is completely contacted with a movable electrode, so that the whole test loop is closed, and starting a test;
s12: recording voltage and current waveforms at two ends of the arc generating device under normal conditions through an oscilloscope;
s13: slowly adjusting the distance between the movable electrode and the static electrode by the side regulator until the distance just enables the electric arc to be naturally extinguished, and recording the output voltage and the maximum arcing distance at the moment;
s14: changing the output voltage of the direct-current stabilized power supply, and repeating the step S13 to record the maximum arcing distance under different voltages;
s15: breaking the test circuit, resetting the output voltage of the direct current stabilized power supply, and adjusting the side regulator to ensure that the static electrode is completely contacted with the movable electrode, so that the whole test loop is closed, and starting the test;
s16: adjusting a side regulator to enable the distance between the movable electrode and the static electrode to reach a set value, and recording arc voltage and arc current of the arc at the distance through an oscilloscope;
s17: changing the output voltage of the direct current stabilized power supply, repeating the step S16, and recording the arc voltage and the arc current under the same distance and different voltages;
s2: calculating arc resistance according to the arc voltage and the arc current which are measured and recorded, analyzing the relation between the arc resistance and the power voltage and the arc distance, and carrying out formula fitting; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
s21: respectively calculating the average value of the arc voltage and the arc current according to the measured arc voltage and the measured arc current, and solving the arc resistance;
s22: the mathematical model of the arc resistance, the power supply voltage and the arc spacing is fitted to be,
R＝C1+C2·U+C3·D+C4·U·D
wherein, C1、C2、C3、C4For calculating the coefficient, U is the power supply voltage and D is the arc spacing;
s3: establishing a simulation model of the direct-current fault arc through Matlab/Simulink according to a formula obtained by fitting;
s4: setting simulation parameters, operating a simulation model, outputting a simulation result, and comparing the simulation result with an actual measurement result.
2. The direct-current series fault arc model simulation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the direct current stabilized power supply is connected to the arc generating device through a current limiting resistor.
3. The direct-current series fault arc model simulation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the adjusting mode of the side adjuster comprises coarse adjustment of a knob and fine adjustment of a stepping motor.
4. The direct-current series fault arc model simulation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: step S3 specifically includes: and according to the obtained mathematical model, establishing a simulation model of the direct-current fault arc in Matlab/Simulink, and adding white noise to the arc voltage and the arc current output by the simulation model according to the actual condition.
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| CN112684312A (en) * | 2020-12-24 | 2021-04-20 | 中国矿业大学 | Low-voltage series fault arc test platform |
| CN113625089B (en) * | 2021-08-17 | 2023-11-28 | 中国科学技术大学 | Fault arc ignition experimental device and experimental method thereof |
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| CN204631151U (en) * | 2015-04-20 | 2015-09-09 | 河北工业大学 | For the test simulation device of analog AC electric arc fault |
| CN103400019B (en) * | 2013-08-26 | 2016-05-25 | 上海交通大学 | AC fault electric arc emulation mode based on Matlab/Simulink |
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| CN103400019B (en) * | 2013-08-26 | 2016-05-25 | 上海交通大学 | AC fault electric arc emulation mode based on Matlab/Simulink |
| CN204631151U (en) * | 2015-04-20 | 2015-09-09 | 河北工业大学 | For the test simulation device of analog AC electric arc fault |
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