CN107247218A - A kind of distribution line fault type recognition method - Google Patents
A kind of distribution line fault type recognition method Download PDFInfo
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- CN107247218A CN107247218A CN201710594427.2A CN201710594427A CN107247218A CN 107247218 A CN107247218 A CN 107247218A CN 201710594427 A CN201710594427 A CN 201710594427A CN 107247218 A CN107247218 A CN 107247218A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/08—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks
- G01R31/081—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks according to type of conductors
- G01R31/086—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks according to type of conductors in power transmission or distribution networks, i.e. with interconnected conductors
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/08—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks
- G01R31/088—Aspects of digital computing
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Abstract
The application is related to Distribution Network Failure detection technique field, and in particular to a kind of distribution line fault type recognition method.Electric arc feature currently for different faults type proposes that specifically quantitative index recognizes that the diagnostic method of failure does not have the report of correlation also.The application provides a kind of distribution network line fault kind identification method, and the recognition methods comprises the following steps：Obtain the voltage and current waveform of faulty line；Arc voltage V is calculated using least square methodarc；Variance is asked for lasting singlephase earth fault, arc voltage amplitude stability section average V is obtainedzrc；By VzrcWith given threshold VsetCompare, recognize the type of distribution network line fault.The application, for the corresponding arc voltage criterion of proposition of different faults type, realizes the identification to fault type by the specific arc voltage calculation formula of fault waveform, and according to the origin cause of formation of different faults type.The application provides new method for distribution network line fault type identification.
Description
Technical field
The application is related to distribution network failure detection technique field, and in particular to a kind of distribution line fault type recognition side
Method.
Background technology
Constantly improved recently as Chinese society expanding economy and industrial and agricultural production, the demand to electric power resource is also got over
Come bigger.Power distribution network is the network of direct distribution electric energy, because power distribution network region be directly facing user, its power supply reliability and safety
Property is also more and more important to people.10kV overhead distributions are as the important component of power distribution network, and it, which has, has a large capacity and a wide range
The characteristics of line length, low dielectric level, but tripping fault rate but remains high.By fault in-situ waveform to distribution line event
Barrier type accurately judges, is significant to improving the O＆M level of distribution line, reduction fault rate.On the one hand can be more
Plus rapidly and accurately failure judgement type so that release failure, be conducive to distribution line O＆M unit to find maintenance work in time
In deficiency.On the other hand the ratio of characteristic quantity is carried out by the history case in the real-time monitoring to live waveform and database
To analysis, failure predication is realized, is that next step is formulated targetedly specific technique measure and removed a hidden danger offer foundation.
In terms of distribution network line fault type identification, the existing document in the country for high resistive fault, singlephase earth fault,
Identification, diagnosis and the research of localization method of this few class failure of having a rest property failure, including passive type positioning mode, active positioning mode,
Monitor positioning mode and intelligent positioning method etc..The existing correlative study of foreign countries by animal, thunderbolt, three kinds of failure causes of trees to being caused
Failure analyzed, and propose the foundation differentiated using voltage in three-phase current waveform, and to by setting
The time-frequency characteristic of line fault voltage current waveform has carried out analyzing and proposing corresponding precautionary measures caused by standby, animal.
Electric arc feature currently for different faults type proposes that specifically quantitative index recognizes the diagnostic method of failure
There is not the report of correlation also.
The content of the invention
The purpose of the application is to propose specifically quantitative index to solve the above-mentioned different faults type electric arc feature that is directed to
The problem of technological gap to recognize the diagnostic method of failure.
Therefore, the embodiments of the invention provide following technical scheme：A kind of distribution line fault type recognition method, it is described
Recognition methods comprises the following steps：
S1 obtains the voltage and current waveform of faulty line；
S2 calculates arc voltage V using least square methodarc；
S3 asks for variance to lasting singlephase earth fault, obtains arc voltage amplitude stability section average Vzrc；
S4 is by VzrcWith given threshold VsetCompare, recognize the type of distribution network line fault.
Alternatively, the distribution network line includes three-phase circuit, and the three-phase circuit is decoupled into positive sequence by phase-model transformation
Equivalent circuit, negative phase-sequence equivalent circuit and zero sequence equivalent circuit.
Alternatively, the difference equation expression formula of the positive sequence equivalent circuit, negative phase-sequence equivalent circuit and zero sequence equivalent circuit is such as
Under：
Wherein, vp、vn、voLeft terminal phase voltage component respectively in the positive sequence of circuit, negative phase-sequence and zero sequence equivalent circuit；
vFp、vFn、vF0Faulted phase voltage component respectively in positive sequence, negative phase-sequence and zero sequence equivalent circuit；R is positive-negative sequence equivalent resistance,
R0For zero sequence equivalent resistance；L is positive-negative sequence equivalent inductance, L0For zero sequence equivalent inductance；ip、in、i0Respectively positive sequence, negative phase-sequence and
Equivalent current in zero sequence circuit.
Alternatively, the voltage expression of the faulty line is as follows：
vF=va+Raia (4)
Wherein, vFFor faulted phase voltage, vaFor arc voltage, RaFor fault resstance, iaFor fault current.
Alternatively, it is characterised in that the mathematic(al) representation of the arc voltage is as follows：
va(t)=Vasgn[i(t)]+ξ(t) (5)
Wherein, va(t) it is respectively arc voltage and electric current, V with i (t)aFor the amplitude of square wave, sgn is sign function, ξ (t)
For zero-mean white noise.
Alternatively, the expression formula of the arc voltage amplitude is as follows：
Wherein, v1For for arc voltage amplitude, ε considers the overall error component of measurement error and modeling error, KL=
(L0- L)/L, Re=(R0-R+kaRa), L is positive-negative sequence equivalent inductance, L0For zero sequence equivalent inductance；R is positive-negative sequence equivalent resistance,
R0For zero sequence equivalent resistance, RaFor fault resstance, kaFor proportionality coefficient；VaFor the amplitude of square wave, sgn is sign function, i0It is zero
Equivalent current in sequence circuit, i is arc current.
Alternatively, the faulty line includes close-in fault, the arc voltage amplitude expression of the close-in fault
It is as follows：
Wherein, R is positive-negative sequence equivalent resistance, and L is positive-negative sequence equivalent inductance, VaFor arc voltage, i is arc current,
Sgn (i) is sign function, i.e.,
Alternatively, V is solved in the S2arcExpression formula it is as follows：
Wherein, VfFor faulted phase voltage；IfFor faulted phase current；L is positive-negative sequence equivalent inductance；R is positive-negative sequence equivalent electric
Resistance；VarcFor arc voltage；
Alternatively, V is worked aszrc>VsetWhen, it is judged as internal fault caused by equipment；Work as Vzrc<VsetWhen, it is judged as trees, car
External fault caused by short.
Alternatively, the Vset=520V.
Technical scheme provided in an embodiment of the present invention includes following beneficial effect：The specific electricity that the application passes through fault waveform
Arc voltage calculation formula, and according to the origin cause of formation of different faults type, for the corresponding arc voltage of proposition of different faults type
Criterion, realizes the identification to fault type.The application provides new method for distribution network line fault type identification, is proposed
Criterion index and threshold calculations mode it is simple, accurate.
Brief description of the drawings
In order to illustrate the technical solution of the embodiments of the present invention more clearly, below will be attached to what is used required in embodiment
Figure is briefly described, it should be apparent that, for those of ordinary skills, do not paying creative labor
Under the premise of, other accompanying drawings can also be obtained according to these accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is the singlephase earth fault schematic diagram on phase power circuit in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is positive sequence equivalent circuit and negative phase-sequence equivalent circuit diagram in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is zero sequence equivalent circuit in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is real arc voltage and arc current waveform in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is single-phase fault arc voltage amplitude appraising model in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 6 is the fault electric arc voltage magnitude distribution of different faults type in the embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment
Accompanying drawing herein is merged in specification and constitutes the part of this specification, shows the implementation for meeting the present invention
Example, and for explaining principle of the invention together with specification.
In order to illustrate more clearly about the embodiment of the present invention or technical scheme of the prior art, below will be to embodiment or existing
There is the accompanying drawing used required in technology description to be briefly described, it should be apparent that, for those of ordinary skill in the art
Speech, without having to pay creative labor, can also obtain other accompanying drawings according to these accompanying drawings.
Electrion can be caused when occurring external fault, i.e. trees or vehicle short, high-tension electricity is grounded by trunk etc.
Cause high-voltage one-phase to be grounded, therefore parallel arc fault can be seen as；And because insulation ag(e)ing and loose contact are made
Into equipment fault can be regarded as series arc faults.Serial arc model and parallel arc model, its arc length and electricity
There is difference in arc voltage, it is possible to cause line fault by studying the fault electric arc model of distribution line to analyze
Concrete reason, proposes the specifically quantitative index based on arc voltage with criterion to realize the identification to fault type.
Referring to Fig. 1~6, it is assumed that one occurs the single-phase earthing arc fault in distribution line.In Fig. 1, vA、vBAnd vC
It is the phase voltage of the left terminal of circuit, iA、iBAnd iCIt is the phase current of the left terminal of circuit, vaIt is arc voltage, RaIt is fault resstance,
vfIt is faulted phase voltage.Three-phase circuit in figure can be decoupled into positive sequence, negative phase-sequence and zero sequence equivalent circuit by phase-model transformation.Just
Sequence and negative phase-sequence equivalent circuit are as shown in Figure 2.In fig. 2, R and L are the resistance and inductance of positive sequence and negative phase-sequence circuit respectively.Zero sequence
Equivalent circuit such as Fig. 3 shows.In figure 3, all variables and parameter are all zero sequence variable and parameter.
For the equivalent circuit in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, the difference equation expression formula of positive sequence negative phase-sequence zero sequence is as follows：
Wherein, vp、vn、voLeft terminal phase voltage component respectively in the positive sequence of circuit, negative phase-sequence and zero sequence equivalent circuit；
vFp、vFn、vF0Faulted phase voltage component respectively in positive sequence, negative phase-sequence and zero sequence equivalent circuit；R is positive-negative sequence equivalent resistance,
R0For zero sequence equivalent resistance；L is positive-negative sequence equivalent inductance, L0For zero sequence equivalent inductance；ip、in、i0Respectively positive sequence, negative phase-sequence and
Equivalent current in zero sequence circuit.
The parameter R and L of positive sequence and negative phase-sequence substitutional connection are not dependent on frequency, so formula (1) and (2) are correct
's.In formula (3), R0And L0It is according to frequency line parameter, depending on many factors, such as tower structure, soil resistivity
Deng.It is approximately the line parameter circuit value processing under a certain frequency by line parameter circuit value in the range of we consider.
By the way that formula (1), (2) are added with (3) and can obtained：
Wherein：KL=(L0- L)/L can calculate in advance.
It can be expressed as follows in the faulted phase voltage of abort situation：
vF=va+Raia (4)
Wherein, vFFor faulted phase voltage, vaFor arc voltage, RaFor fault resstance, iaFor fault current.
In atmosphere, electric arc is a kind of plasma discharge phenomenon.The high fdrequency component that the Non-Linear Vibration of electric arc is shown
It is approximately a square wave (real arc voltage and current waveform as shown in Figure 4) to make arc voltage waveform.Then electric arc is electric
Being pressed in can mathematically be showed by a simple expression formula：
va(t)=Vasgn[i(t)]+ξ(t) (5)
Wherein, va(t) with i (t) it is respectively arc voltage and electric current, difference VaFor the amplitude of square wave, sgn is sign function,
ξ (t) is zero-mean white noise.
Therefore, in equation (4), arc voltage is assumed square-wave form, along with random noise, and expression formula is such as
Shown in formula two, substitute into formula (4) and obtain following expression：
vF=Vasgn[i(t)]+Raia+ ξ (t) formulas two
For simplicity, i is assumed hereina=kai0, wherein kaIt is proportionality coefficient.If only needing, derivation electric arc is electric
Pressure amplitude value,
We need not know k in advanceaValue.By above formula, below equation is obtained：
Wherein, v1For for arc voltage amplitude, ε considers the overall error component of measurement error and modeling error, KL=
(L0- L)/L, Re=(R0-R+kaRa), L is positive-negative sequence equivalent inductance, L0For zero sequence equivalent inductance；R is positive-negative sequence equivalent resistance,
R0For zero sequence equivalent resistance, RaFor fault resstance, kaFor proportionality coefficient；VaFor the amplitude of square wave, sgn is sign function, i0It is zero
Equivalent current in sequence circuit, i is arc current.
For the far-end fault of overhead line, because measured voltage ratio arc voltage is much bigger, above expression formula
It is applicable.But when occurring close-in fault, arc voltage can significantly affect measurement voltage v and electric current i property, make
Its distortion.So when occurring close-in fault, following formula can be represented preferably：
Wherein, R is positive-negative sequence equivalent resistance, and L is positive-negative sequence equivalent inductance, VaFor arc voltage, i is arc current,
Sgn (i) is sign function, i.e.,
Algorithm based on formula (7) considers R and L, arc voltage va(t) calculated value will be more accurate.It therefore, it can build
Vertical model as shown in Figure 5 is used for calculating the amplitude of arc voltage, and the model is applied to single-phase fault.
The voltage V that failure side is monitoredfIt can be represented with formula (8), the formula is applied to whole voltage and current waveform,
The solution of the overdetermined formula can be asked for using least square method, arc voltage V is obtainedarc。
Wherein, wherein, VfFor faulted phase voltage；IfFor faulted phase current；L is positive-negative sequence equivalent inductance；R is positive-negative sequence etc.
Imitate resistance；VarcFor arc voltage；
N represents total sampling number, then：
In formula, N0Represent the sampling number of a cycle, ncycleRepresent sampling period number.
Arc voltage calculation formula is then obtained according to formula as follows：
Wherein, j ∈ [1, ncycle× 2-1],
Solved using least square method, and calculate variance:
Wherein, j ∈ [1, ncycle×2-3]
σ2(j) when taking minimum value, it is believed that arc voltage amplitude stability, the average value of 3 calculated values in interval is taken to be used as this
The arc voltage V of modelzrc。
By the comparison with given threshold, recognize it caused by internal fault caused by equipment or trees, vehicle short
External fault.Work as Vzrc>VsetWhen, it is judged as internal fault caused by equipment；Work as Vzrc<VsetWhen, it is judged as that trees, vehicle touch
External fault caused by line.VsetTake 520V.
When occurring external fault, such as trees or vehicle short cause high-tension electricity to be grounded by trunk etc..Because tree with
It is not metal Hard link between high-voltage line, electric relaxation connection can cause electric arc to produce.When electric wiring exists in junction
When voltage between relaxation contact, point is enough to puncture the air gap again, air will be formed conductive.If contact the air gap compared with
Greatly, and at a time when the peak value in voltage waveform, now can pull-up electric arc between air；If contact the air gap is smaller, then i.e.
Make voltage less, air may also be breakdown and then produces electric arc.So the lasting electricity of air can be caused in the place of contact
From with constantly pulling open for contact, electric arc is longer, and electric-field intensity is smaller, and the arc resistance of electric arc is anti-bigger, and pressure drop is bigger.
And due to electric arc caused by vehicle because its arcing distance is longer, voltage magnitude is universal bigger.Ordinary circumstance
Under, many generations between grounding body and the shortest path of electric conductor of electric discharge in the air gap, but distributed when being due to failure
Flue dust and the channel insulation intensity of heat formation are very low, so electric discharge is not often sent out along shaft tower-conductor spacing or insulator chain
It is raw, but along apart from relatively long fireworks channel generation, electric arc is longer, and electric-field intensity is smaller, and its pressure drop is also bigger.
Comparatively speaking, the internal fault such as equipment fault is due to that insulator is heated for a long time, and leakage electricity is produced between wire
Stream or spark discharge, the heat that they are produced crack insulation, form the carbonization passage of conduction between the conductors and then cause electricity
Arc, it is possible to regard series arc faults as.Because in the absence of the contact with the external world, therefore electric arc is shorter, arc voltage will
Less than arc voltage caused by external fault, and then the differentiation of internal fault and external fault can be realized using this feature.
As shown in the table, the application utilizes 113 distribution line failure cases that American Electric Power research association (EPRI) provides
Example is verified, including failure caused by 70 groups of ageing equipments, and 25 groups of trees oppress caused single-phase faults and 18 groups
Singlephase earth fault caused by vehicle short.The data of monitoring record include three-phase phase voltage, three-phase current and neutral conductor electricity
Stream.
The arc voltage amplitude distribution of 113 groups of data is counted, as a result as shown in Figure 6.Its batch is put into present system
Verified, examine successfully 101 groups, success rate reaches 89%.
| Fault type | Test sample number | Verify successfully | Verification failure | Success rate |
| Failure caused by ageing equipment | 70 | 63 | 7 | 90% |
| Failure caused by trees, vehicle | 43 | 38 | 5 | 88% |
| Amount to | 113 | 101 | 12 | 89% |
Distribution line fault type is accurately judged by fault in-situ waveform, to improve distribution line O＆M level,
Reduction fault rate is significant.The application proposes a kind of new distribution line single-phase earthing event based on arc voltage
Hinder kind identification method, the concrete reason for causing line fault is analyzed by studying the fault electric arc model of distribution line, is carried
Go out the specific arc voltage calculation formula based on fault waveform, and according to the origin cause of formation of different faults type, for different faults class
The corresponding arc voltage criterion of proposition of type, realizes the identification to fault type.Criterion index and threshold value that the application is proposed
Calculation is simple, accurate, calculates and verifies by fault in-situ recorder data, better than existing fault recognition method.
Described above is only the embodiment of the embodiment of the present application, is made skilled artisans appreciate that or realizing
The application.A variety of modifications to these embodiments will be apparent to one skilled in the art, determine herein
The General Principle of justice can in other embodiments be realized in the case where not departing from spirit herein or scope.Therefore,
The application is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, and is to fit to and principles disclosed herein and novelty
The consistent most wide scope of feature.
It should be appreciated that the content that the application is not limited to be described above and is shown in the drawings, and can
To carry out various modifications and changes without departing from the scope.Scope of the present application is only limited by appended claim.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of distribution line fault type recognition method, it is characterised in that the recognition methods comprises the following steps：
S1 obtains the voltage and current waveform of faulty line；
S2 calculates arc voltage V using least square methodarc；
S3 asks for variance to lasting singlephase earth fault, obtains arc voltage amplitude stability section average Vzrc；
S4 is by VzrcWith given threshold VsetCompare, recognize the type of distribution network line fault.
2. recognition methods as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the distribution network line includes three-phase circuit, described three
Circuitry phase is decoupled into positive sequence equivalent circuit, negative phase-sequence equivalent circuit and zero sequence equivalent circuit by phase-model transformation.
3. recognition methods as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that the positive sequence equivalent circuit, negative phase-sequence equivalent circuit and zero
The difference equation expression formula of sequence equivalent circuit is as follows：
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Wherein, vp、vn、voLeft terminal phase voltage component respectively in the positive sequence of circuit, negative phase-sequence and zero sequence equivalent circuit；vFp、
vFn、vF0Faulted phase voltage component respectively in positive sequence, negative phase-sequence and zero sequence equivalent circuit；R is positive-negative sequence equivalent resistance, R0It is zero
Sequence equivalent resistance；L is positive-negative sequence equivalent inductance, L0For zero sequence equivalent inductance；ip、in、i0Respectively positive sequence, negative phase-sequence and zero sequence are electric
Equivalent current in road.
4. recognition methods as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the voltage expression of the faulty line is as follows：
vF=va+Raia (4)
Wherein, vFFor faulted phase voltage, vaFor arc voltage, RaFor fault resstance, iaFor fault current.
5. recognition methods as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the mathematic(al) representation of the arc voltage is as follows：
va(t)=Vasgn[i(t)]+ξ(t) (5)
Wherein, va(t) it is respectively arc voltage and electric current, V with i (t)aFor the amplitude of square wave, sgn is sign function, and ξ (t) is zero
Average white noise.
6. recognition methods as claimed in claim 5, it is characterised in that the expression formula of the arc voltage amplitude is as follows：
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Wherein, v1For for arc voltage amplitude, ε considers the overall error component of measurement error and modeling error, KL=(L0-L)/
L, Re=(R0-R+kaRa), L is positive-negative sequence equivalent inductance, L0For zero sequence equivalent inductance；R is positive-negative sequence equivalent resistance, R0For zero sequence
Equivalent resistance, RaFor fault resstance, kaFor proportionality coefficient；VaFor the amplitude of square wave, sgn is sign function, i0For in zero sequence circuit
Equivalent current, i is arc current.
7. recognition methods as claimed in claim 6, it is characterised in that the faulty line includes close-in fault, described near
The arc voltage amplitude expression of distance fault is as follows：
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Sign function, i.e.,
8. recognition methods as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that solve V in the S2arcExpression formula it is as follows：
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<mi>f</mi>
</msub>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mi>d</mi>
<mi>t</mi>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
<mo>+</mo>
<msub>
<mi>V</mi>
<mrow>
<mi>a</mi>
<mi>r</mi>
<mi>c</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>&times;</mo>
<mi>s</mi>
<mi>g</mi>
<mi>n</mi>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>I</mi>
<mi>f</mi>
</msub>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>-</mo>
<mo>-</mo>
<mo>-</mo>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mn>8</mn>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
Wherein, VfFor faulted phase voltage；IfFor faulted phase current；L is positive-negative sequence equivalent inductance；R is positive-negative sequence equivalent resistance；Varc
For arc voltage；
9. such as recognition methods according to any one of claims 1 to 8, it is characterised in that work as Vzrc>VsetWhen, it is judged as equipment
Caused internal fault；Work as Vzrc<VsetWhen, it is judged as trees, external fault caused by vehicle short.
10. recognition methods as claimed in claim 9, it is characterised in that the Vset=520V.
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