CN108362318A - A kind of optical fiber multiple cracking monitoring system and method - Google Patents
A kind of optical fiber multiple cracking monitoring system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108362318A CN108362318A CN201810054241.2A CN201810054241A CN108362318A CN 108362318 A CN108362318 A CN 108362318A CN 201810054241 A CN201810054241 A CN 201810054241A CN 108362318 A CN108362318 A CN 108362318A
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- optical fiber
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- shell
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- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 title claims description 13
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000005489 elastic deformation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- -1 connector Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000013308 plastic optical fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000013013 elastic material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008054 signal transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005538 encapsulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011326 mechanical measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010183 spectrum analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
- G01D5/26—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
- G01D5/32—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light
- G01D5/34—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells
- G01D5/36—Forming the light into pulses
- G01D5/38—Forming the light into pulses by diffraction gratings
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)
- Optical Transform (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of optical fiber multiple crackings to monitor system and method, including crack sensing element, optical fiber, shell, connector, optical fiber circulator, scan laser and spectral signal demodulator, wherein, multiple connectors are provided in the shell, connector connects crack sensing element by optical fiber, optical fiber connects scan laser and spectral signal demodulator by optical fiber circulator, connector is fixed on crack both ends or location of cracks easily occurs, connector includes elastomer, the elastomer occurs or grows with crack that elastic deformation occurs, drive fiber-draw, the strain of generation makes crack sensing element spectrum widening and drifts about to long wave length direction, spectral signal demodulator receives back reflected laser and is demodulated, realization monitors simultaneously to cracky.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of optical fiber multiple crackings to monitor system and method.
Background technology
Crack is to judge the important indicator of rock stability, therefore the germinating of monitoring Rockmass fractures, the process of development are non-in real time
It is often important.Traditional electromagnetic type measurement method such as inductance type, condenser type crack sensors, it is poor anti jamming capability, waterproof and dampproof
Poor performance easily corrodes；Mechanical measurement method such as Hall-type crack sensors, precision is low, speed is slow, is not easy to online reality
When monitor；By the straightline propagation of light, this condition is limited laser measurement method, is only capable of the crack of measurement surface.Fibre optical sensor
Have many advantages, such as that small, light-weight, precision is high, service life is long, anti-electromagnetic interference capability is strong, waterproof and dampproof, intrinsic safety,
For rock fracture, monitoring provides feasible way in real time for a long time.Therefore, develop optical fiber crack sensors have great importance and
Engineering application value.But current optical fiber crack sensors volume is big, precision is low, is only capable of realizing spot measurement, cannot be well
Meet the needs of Practical Project.
In heavy construction monitoring, it usually needs arrange multiple fibre-optical raster crack sensors, heavy workload, and install tired
It is difficult.
Invention content
The present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems, it is proposed that a kind of optical fiber multiple cracking monitoring system and method, the present invention measure
Precision is high, small, is measured while capable of realizing multiple cracks, and be easily installed.
To achieve the goals above, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that：
A kind of optical fiber multiple cracking monitors system, including crack sensing element, optical fiber, shell, connector, optical fiber circulator,
Scan laser and spectral signal demodulator, wherein multiple connectors are provided in the shell, connector is connected by optical fiber
Crack sensing element, optical fiber connect scan laser and spectral signal demodulator by optical fiber circulator, and connector, which is fixed on, to be split
Easily there is location of cracks in seam both ends, and connector includes elastomer, and the elastomer occurs or grow that elastic shape occurs with crack
Become, drives fiber-draw, the strain of generation to make crack sensing element spectrum widening and drift about to long wave length direction, spectral signal
Demodulator receives back reflected laser and is demodulated, and realization monitors simultaneously to cracky.
Further, the connector includes shell, connector fastener and connector body, and shell is hard ring dress knot
Structure, center opening is arranged on shell fluted, is connected with connector fastener, ensures connector fastener and optical fiber only along axial direction
It is mobile, prevent it from the sliding in other directions occurs, connector body is that elastomer is set to casing center position.
Further, connector fastener part includes fastener, and the fastener is set to elastomer both sides, and is fixed on outer
Inside shell, optical fiber is fixed, connector fastener part is equipped with gap to place the optical fiber of sufficient length, relaxation degree and elastomer
Tensile elongation match, to determine the range of multiple cracking sensor.
The connector fastener is that quadrangle darts shape, and groove is matched with its shape.
Further, the crack sensing element is CFBG, i.e. the wide spectrum fiber grating of grid cycle linear change, and
And the material of CFBG is polymer optical fiber.
Preferably, optical fiber is polymer optical fiber, and polymer selects the materials such as PVC.
Selected laser is tunable F-P laser, and the laser is connected to laser modulator, by the light of F-P light sources
Signal modulation is at pulse signal.
Further, the wideband light source enters sensor fibre, the back reflected laser warp of CFBG via optical fiber circulator
Enter FP chambers from another way by optical fiber circulator, FP chambers point by point scanning reflected light within each period by the excitation of sawtooth wave,
Obtain the CFBG spectrum of wavelength respective light intensities.
Further, the shell is tubular structure, fluted with the setting of connector connection part position, with fixed connection device.
Optical fiber is mounted on body surface to be monitored by the working method based on above system, and connector body, which is fixed on, to be split
Easily there is location of cracks in seam both ends, and when crack occurs or grows, elastic deformation, each connector occur therewith for connector body
Absolute displacement, be the sum of the relative displacement of the absolute displacement and the connector of a upper connector, connect with connector
Optical fiber is stretched, and crack sensing element generates axial strain, leads to crack sensing element spectrum widening and rectangular to long wave
To drift, the spectral information obtained by spectral signal (FBG) demodulator detects the state in crack and positioning, is passed by establishing crack
Relationship between sensing unit optical width and flaw size, realization is cracky to be monitored simultaneously.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effects of the present invention are：
1, the present invention is in terms of the sensing principle of fibre-optical raster crack sensor, structure design, encapsulation technology three, into one
Step improves the measurement accuracy of crack sensors, reduces volume, and realize the measurement that multiple cracks are realized using a sensor；
2, the novel optical fiber multiple cracking monitoring system that the present invention develops has in heavy construction (such as dykes and dams) long term monitoring
There is certain applicability, the scheme of a light source and demodulating system is shared using multiple CFBG so that sensing and transmission together as one,
Realize telemeasurement and monitoring；
3, the present invention can realize multiple spot, large-range measuring, effectively expand transducer range, improve measurement accuracy；
4, the present invention realizes the monitoring in multiple cracks on same straight line, improves efficiency, while cost reduces, has very well
Practical value；
5, the difficulty the present invention overcomes multiple sensor arrangements on the same line realizes portable installation, reduces work
It measures.
Description of the drawings
The accompanying drawings which form a part of this application are used for providing further understanding of the present application, and the application's shows
Meaning property embodiment and its explanation do not constitute the improper restriction to the application for explaining the application.
Fig. 1 is that novel multiple cracking monitors system hardware structure figure in preferred embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the structure chart of connector in preferred embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the side view of connector shell and the connected part of connector fastener in preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Wherein, 1, CFBG, 2, shell, 3, connector, 4, polymer optical fiber, 5, connector body, 6, connector fastener.
Specific implementation mode：
The invention will be further described with embodiment below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
It is noted that following detailed description is all illustrative, it is intended to provide further instruction to the application.Unless another
It indicates, all technical and scientific terms used herein has usual with the application person of an ordinary skill in the technical field
The identical meanings of understanding.
It should be noted that term used herein above is merely to describe specific implementation mode, and be not intended to restricted root
According to the illustrative embodiments of the application.As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, otherwise singulative
It is also intended to include plural form, additionally, it should be understood that, when in the present specification using term "comprising" and/or " packet
Include " when, indicate existing characteristics, step, operation, device, component and/or combination thereof.
In the present invention, term for example "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear", "vertical", "horizontal", " side ",
The orientation or positional relationship of the instructions such as "bottom" is to be based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, only to facilitate describing this hair
Bright each component or component structure relationship and the relative of determination, not refer in particular to either component or element in the present invention, cannot understand
For limitation of the present invention.
In the present invention, term such as " affixed ", " connected ", " connection " shall be understood in a broad sense, and indicate may be a fixed connection,
Can also be to be integrally connected or be detachably connected；It can be directly connected, it can also be indirectly connected through an intermediary.For
The related scientific research of this field or technical staff can determine the concrete meaning of above-mentioned term in the present invention as the case may be,
It is not considered as limiting the invention.
A kind of optical fiber multiple cracking monitors system mainly by CFBG1, polymer optical fiber 4, shell 2, connector 3, fiber annular
Device, laser modulator, F-P scan lasers, spectral signal demodulator are constituted.Sensor fibre is arranged in heavy construction surface,
Wherein connector 3 is across crack side, and when Size of Crack changes, elastic deformation, band movement connector occur for connector body 5
3 shell 2 and fastener generates displacement, to drive polymer optical fiber 4 to stretch.The strain of generation makes CFBG1 spectrum widenings, after
To scattering light by obtaining spectral signal after spectral signal demodulator, the state in crack can be gone out by spectrum analysis, to real
Now to cracky monitoring.
Crack sensing element is CFBG1, i.e. the wide spectrum fiber grating of grid cycle linear change, and the material of CFBG1
Matter is polymer optical fiber 4.
Signal transmission fiber is polymer optical fiber 4, and polymer selects the materials such as PVC.
Laser is tunable F-P laser.The laser is connected to laser modulator, by the optical signal of F-P light sources
It is modulated into pulse signal, selects voltage modulated, modulating speed 1KHz.
Shell 2 is a diameter of tubular structure, carves groove on four direction with 3 connecting portion of connector, is made with chock
Connector 3 is fixed with shell 2.
Connector 3 is made of connector shell, connector fastener 6 and connector body 5.
Connector shell is hard ring assembling structure, and center opening is that quadrangle dartlike weapon shape is recessed in 6 part of fixed connection device fastener
Slot is connected with connector fastener 6 with chock, ensures that connector fastener 6 and polymer optical fiber 4 only along axial movement, prevent it
The sliding in other directions occurs.Connector fastener 6 is hard material, is fixed on inside shell 2 by bonding way, and fixation is responsible for
Firmly polymer optical fiber 4.Connector body 5 is elastic material, and the polymer of sufficient length is loosely placed in the space that middle part reserves
Optical fiber 4, relaxation degree is suitable with the tensile elongation of elastomer, determines the range of multiple cracking sensor.
Connector of the optical fiber circulator as transmission and sensor-based system.
The operation principle of spectral signal demodulator is：Wideband light source enters sensor fibre via circulator, and CFBG1's is backward
Reflected light enters FP chambers via circulator from another way, and FP chambers by the excitation of sawtooth wave, reflect by the point by point scanning within each period
Light obtains the CFBG1 spectrum of wavelength respective light intensities, by analyze the spectral signal just can be obtained CFBG1 institute it is strained, thus
Monitor the state in crack.
Polymer optical fiber 4 is mounted on heavy construction surface, wherein connector body 5 is fixed on crack both ends or easily occurs
Location of cracks, when crack occurs or grows, connector body 5 occurs elastic deformation, is inconjunction with connector other component position therewith
Move, the absolute displacement of each connector unit, be absolute displacement and the connector of a upper connector relative displacement it
With.Polymer optical fiber 4 Nian Jie with connector fastener 6 simultaneously is stretched, and then CFBG1 generates axial strain, leads to CFBG1
Spectrum widening and to long wave length direction drift about.And the spectral information obtained by spectral signal (FBG) demodulator, so that it may to detect
The state in crack and positioning.Its signal demodulating method demodulates for spectrum, by establishing between CFBG1 optical widths and flaw size
Relationship, realization is cracky to be monitored simultaneously.
Certainly, existing method may be used in the relationship established between CFBG1 optical widths and flaw size.
Fig. 1 gives a kind of optical fiber multiple cracking sensor-based system structure chart used by embodiment.For convenience of description, it only opens up
Shown with the relevant part of the embodiment of the present invention, details are as follows：
In the present embodiment, a kind of optical fiber multiple cracking sensor-based system includes CFBG1, polymer optical fiber 4, shell 2, connection
Device, optical fiber circulator, laser modulator, F-P scan lasers, spectral signal demodulator.
Crack sensing element is CFBG1, i.e. the wide spectrum fiber grating of grid cycle linear change, and the material of CFBG1
Matter is polymer optical fiber 4.Signal transmission fiber is polymer optical fiber 4, and polymer selects the materials such as PVC.
As shown in Fig. 2, connector is made of connector shell, connector fastener 6 and connector body 5.Connector shell
For hard ring assembling structure, center opening.As shown in figure 3, connector shell is that quadrangle darts shape in 6 part of fixed connection device fastener
Groove is connected with connector fastener 6 with chock, ensures that connector fastener 6 and polymer optical fiber 4 only along axial movement, prevent
The sliding in other directions occurs in it.Connector fastener 6 is hard material, is fixed on inside shell 2 by bonding way, is responsible for solid
Surely polymer optical fiber 4 is lived.Connector body 5 is elastic material, and the polymerization of sufficient length is loosely placed in the space that middle part reserves
Object light fibre 4, relaxation degree is suitable with the tensile elongation of elastomer, determines the range of multiple cracking sensor.
The operation principle of spectral signal demodulator is：Wideband light source enters sensor fibre via circulator, and CFBG1's is backward
Reflected light enters FP chambers via circulator from another way, and FP chambers by the excitation of sawtooth wave, reflect by the point by point scanning within each period
Light obtains the CFBG1 spectrum of wavelength respective light intensities, by analyze the spectral signal just can be obtained CFBG1 institute it is strained, thus
Monitor the state in crack.
Polymer optical fiber 4 is mounted on heavy construction surface, wherein connector body 5 is fixed on crack both ends or easily occurs
Location of cracks, when crack occurs or grows, connector body 5 occurs elastic deformation, is inconjunction with connector other component position therewith
Move, the absolute displacement of each connector unit, be absolute displacement and the connector of a upper connector relative displacement it
With.Polymer optical fiber 4 Nian Jie with connector fastener 6 simultaneously is stretched, and then CFBG1 generates axial strain, leads to CFBG1
Spectrum widening and to long wave length direction drift about.And the spectral information obtained by spectral signal (FBG) demodulator, so that it may to detect
The state in crack and positioning.
Above-mentioned multiple cracking monitors system, is carried out to monitoring process by the data processing module mounted on remote computer real-time
Control, and obtained spectral information is calculated and analyzed, provide alarm.
The foregoing is merely the preferred embodiments of the application, are not intended to limit this application, for the skill of this field
For art personnel, the application can have various modifications and variations.Within the spirit and principles of this application, any made by repair
Change, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., should be included within the protection domain of the application.
Above-mentioned, although the foregoing specific embodiments of the present invention is described with reference to the accompanying drawings, not protects model to the present invention
The limitation enclosed, those skilled in the art should understand that, based on the technical solutions of the present invention, those skilled in the art are not
Need to make the creative labor the various modifications or changes that can be made still within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of optical fiber multiple cracking monitors system, it is characterized in that：Including crack sensing element, optical fiber, shell, connector, optical fiber
Circulator, scan laser and spectral signal demodulator, wherein multiple connectors are provided in the shell, connector passes through
Optical fiber connects crack sensing element, and optical fiber connects scan laser and spectral signal demodulator, connector by optical fiber circulator
It is fixed on crack both ends or location of cracks easily occurs, connector includes elastomer, and the elastomer occurs or grow to send out with crack
Raw elastic deformation drives fiber-draw, the strain of generation to make crack sensing element spectrum widening and drift about to long wave length direction,
Spectral signal demodulator receives back reflected laser and is demodulated, and realization monitors simultaneously to cracky.
2. a kind of optical fiber multiple cracking as described in claim 1 monitors system, it is characterized in that：The connector includes shell, connects
Connecing device fastener and connector body, shell is connected with connector fastener, ensures connector fastener and optical fiber only along axial movement,
Prevent it from the sliding in other directions occurs, connector body is that elastomer is set to casing center position.
3. a kind of optical fiber multiple cracking as claimed in claim 2 monitors system, it is characterized in that：Connector fastener part includes card
Part, the fastener is set to elastomer both sides, and fixes inside the housing, fixes optical fiber, and connector fastener part is equipped with sky
Gap is to place the optical fiber of sufficient length, and relaxation degree is matched with the tensile elongation of elastomer, to determine multiple cracking sensor
Range.
4. a kind of optical fiber multiple cracking as claimed in claim 2 monitors system, it is characterized in that：Casing center trepanning is set on shell
It is equipped with groove, connector fastener is set in groove.
5. a kind of optical fiber multiple cracking as described in claim 1 monitors system, it is characterized in that：The crack sensing element is
CFBG, i.e. the wide spectrum fiber grating of grid cycle linear change, and the material of CFBG is polymer optical fiber.
6. a kind of optical fiber multiple cracking as described in claim 1 monitors system, it is characterized in that：Optical fiber is polymer optical fiber.
7. a kind of optical fiber multiple cracking as described in claim 1 monitors system, it is characterized in that：Selected laser is tunable F-P
Laser, the laser are connected to laser modulator, by the optical signal modulation of F-P light sources at pulse signal.
8. a kind of optical fiber multiple cracking as claimed in claim 7 monitors system, it is characterized in that：The wideband light source is via fiber optic loop
Shape device enters sensor fibre, and the back reflected laser of CFBG enters FP chambers via optical fiber circulator from another way, and FP chambers are by sawtooth
The excitation of wave point by point scanning reflected light within each period obtains the CFBG spectrum of wavelength respective light intensities.
9. a kind of optical fiber multiple cracking as described in claim 1 monitors system, it is characterized in that：The shell is tubular structure, with
The setting of connector connection part position is fluted, with fixed connection device.
10. based on the working method of system as claimed in any one of claims 1-9 wherein, it is characterized in that：Optical fiber is mounted on and is waited for
Monitoring object surface, connector body are fixed on crack both ends or location of cracks easily occur, when crack occurs or grows, connector
Elastic deformation occurs therewith for main body, the absolute displacement of each connector, is that the absolute displacement of a upper connector is connect with this
The sum of relative displacement of device, the optical fiber being connect with connector are stretched, and crack sensing element generates axial strain, leads to crack
It sensing element spectrum widening and drifts about to long wave length direction, the spectral information obtained by spectral signal (FBG) demodulator detects
The state in crack and positioning are realized cracky by establishing the relationship between crack sensing element optical width and flaw size
It monitors simultaneously.
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| CN201810054241.2A CN108362318B (en) | 2018-01-19 | 2018-01-19 | Optical fiber multi-crack monitoring system and method |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810054241.2A CN108362318B (en) | 2018-01-19 | 2018-01-19 | Optical fiber multi-crack monitoring system and method |
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| CN108362318B CN108362318B (en) | 2024-06-25 |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112762851A (en) * | 2020-12-24 | 2021-05-07 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Crack simulation calibration device based on fracture mechanics and optical fiber sensing |
| CN113216922A (en) * | 2021-06-24 | 2021-08-06 | 同济大学 | Platform and method for researching expansion rule of hydraulic fracture in layered medium |
| CN114152630A (en) * | 2021-11-25 | 2022-03-08 | 华中科技大学 | Intelligent coating monitoring system and application thereof |
| CN115900579A (en) * | 2023-01-06 | 2023-04-04 | 山东大学 | Self-correcting splicing type optical fiber displacement field sensing system and correcting method thereof |
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