CN108361124A - 飞行器用锥齿传动扭矩自平衡无轴涵道风扇或桨叶 - Google Patents

飞行器用锥齿传动扭矩自平衡无轴涵道风扇或桨叶 Download PDF

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CN108361124A
CN108361124A CN201810382156.9A CN201810382156A CN108361124A CN 108361124 A CN108361124 A CN 108361124A CN 201810382156 A CN201810382156 A CN 201810382156A CN 108361124 A CN108361124 A CN 108361124A
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shaftless
blade
duct
fan
aircraft
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尹小林
赵海洋
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Changsha Zichen Technology Development Co Ltd
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Changsha Zichen Technology Development Co Ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D25/00—Pumping installations or systems
    • F04D25/02—Units comprising pumps and their driving means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
    • B64C11/00—Propellers, e.g. of ducted type; Features common to propellers and rotors for rotorcraft
    • B64C11/001—Shrouded propellers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
    • B64C11/00—Propellers, e.g. of ducted type; Features common to propellers and rotors for rotorcraft
    • B64C11/46—Arrangements of, or constructional features peculiar to, multiple propellers
    • B64C11/48—Units of two or more coaxial propellers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
    • B64D35/00—Transmitting power from power plants to propellers or rotors; Arrangements of transmissions
    • B64D35/04—Transmitting power from power plants to propellers or rotors; Arrangements of transmissions characterised by the transmission driving a plurality of propellers or rotors
    • B64D35/06—Transmitting power from power plants to propellers or rotors; Arrangements of transmissions characterised by the transmission driving a plurality of propellers or rotors the propellers or rotors being counter-rotating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/02—Blade-carrying members, e.g. rotors
    • F01D5/03—Annular blade-carrying members having blades on the inner periphery of the annulus and extending inwardly radially, i.e. inverted rotors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02K—JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02K5/00—Plants including an engine, other than a gas turbine, driving a compressor or a ducted fan
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D15/00—Transmission of mechanical power
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D3/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D3/04—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor  having stationary wind-guiding means, e.g. with shrouds or channels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D3/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D3/06—Rotors
    • F03D3/062—Rotors characterised by their construction elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/30—Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/32—Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations on moving objects, e.g. vehicles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D19/00—Axial-flow pumps
    • F04D19/007—Axial-flow pumps multistage fans
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D19/00—Axial-flow pumps
    • F04D19/02—Multi-stage pumps
    • F04D19/024—Multi-stage pumps with contrarotating parts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D25/00—Pumping installations or systems
    • F04D25/02—Units comprising pumps and their driving means
    • F04D25/06—Units comprising pumps and their driving means the pump being electrically driven
    • F04D25/0606—Units comprising pumps and their driving means the pump being electrically driven the electric motor being specially adapted for integration in the pump
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D25/00—Pumping installations or systems
    • F04D25/02—Units comprising pumps and their driving means
    • F04D25/08—Units comprising pumps and their driving means the working fluid being air, e.g. for ventilation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D25/00—Pumping installations or systems
    • F04D25/16—Combinations of two or more pumps ; Producing two or more separate gas flows
    • F04D25/166—Combinations of two or more pumps ; Producing two or more separate gas flows using fans
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D27/00—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids
    • F04D27/002—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids by varying geometry within the pumps, e.g. by adjusting vanes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/26—Rotors specially for elastic fluids
    • F04D29/32—Rotors specially for elastic fluids for axial flow pumps
    • F04D29/325—Rotors specially for elastic fluids for axial flow pumps for axial flow fans
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/26—Rotors specially for elastic fluids
    • F04D29/32—Rotors specially for elastic fluids for axial flow pumps
    • F04D29/34—Blade mountings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/40—Casings; Connections of working fluid
    • F04D29/52—Casings; Connections of working fluid for axial pumps
    • F04D29/54—Fluid-guiding means, e.g. diffusers
    • F04D29/541—Specially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/66—Combating cavitation, whirls, noise, vibration or the like; Balancing
    • F04D29/661—Combating cavitation, whirls, noise, vibration or the like; Balancing especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
    • F04D29/666—Combating cavitation, whirls, noise, vibration or the like; Balancing especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps by means of rotor construction or layout, e.g. unequal distribution of blades or vanes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/14—Structural association with mechanical loads, e.g. with hand-held machine tools or fans
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/90—Mounting on supporting structures or systems
    • F05B2240/92—Mounting on supporting structures or systems on an airbourne structure
    • F05B2240/923—Mounting on supporting structures or systems on an airbourne structure which is a vehicle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/90—Mounting on supporting structures or systems
    • F05B2240/94—Mounting on supporting structures or systems on a movable wheeled structure
    • F05B2240/941—Mounting on supporting structures or systems on a movable wheeled structure which is a land vehicle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00—Function
    • F05B2260/50—Kinematic linkage, i.e. transmission of position
    • F05B2260/503—Kinematic linkage, i.e. transmission of position using gears
    • F05B2260/5032—Kinematic linkage, i.e. transmission of position using gears of the bevel or angled type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2260/00—Function
    • F05D2260/40—Transmission of power
    • F05D2260/403—Transmission of power through the shape of the drive components
    • F05D2260/4031—Transmission of power through the shape of the drive components as in toothed gearing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/728—Onshore wind turbines
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/74—Wind turbines with rotation axis perpendicular to the wind direction

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract

飞行器用锥齿传动扭矩自平衡无轴涵道风扇或桨叶，包括涵道筒架、至少一组反向无轴风扇或无轴桨叶、传动机构，所述反向无轴风扇或无轴桨叶和传动机构安装在涵道筒架内，所述传动机构与反向无轴风扇或无轴桨叶通过齿轮连接，形成无轴涵道风扇或无轴涵道桨叶。本发明结构简单，且便于安装使用，适用于目前以日渐广泛应用的飞行器使用，尤其适用于需要低噪音和高升力或推力且扭矩自平衡的载人飞行器。

Description

飞行器用锥齿传动扭矩自平衡无轴涵道风扇或桨叶
技术领域
本发明涉及飞行器动力技术领域，具体涉及一种飞行器用锥齿传动扭矩自平衡无轴涵道风扇或无轴涵道桨叶。
背景技术
今天，桨叶或涵道风扇已广泛应用于各类飞行器，为了提升叶片升力或降低噪音等，各种形式的涵道风扇或桨叶等作为飞行器动力的设计方案层出不穷。但因公知的涵道风扇或桨叶都是通过中心轴驱动轮毂带动叶片旋转的方式进行工作，现有的有轴涵道风扇或桨叶存在以下不足：一是，轮毂的存在占据了较大的空气流通空间，阻碍气流的流动，为了保证风机工作时具有足够的流通面积，通常设计采用加大叶片外径的方式，但叶片外径的增大造成叶尖线速度的增加，会导致噪声的增大，而且在气动作用下叶尖处容易变形导致效率降低；二是，传统风扇轮毂与叶片的连接处常常存在边界层分离和二次流，影响了能量的转换效果，同时降低了叶片作功效率；三是，为了防止叶片叶尖与涵道风筒发生剐蹭，两者之间通常会留有间隙，即叶顶间隙，运行时，叶片压力面的高压气体会绕过叶顶间隙流入叶片吸力面，这样不仅产生了流量的泄漏，造成容积损失，而且破坏了流场的稳定性，最终导致整机效率的降低。为了解决上述问题，科学工作者进行了大量的技术创新和改进，尤其在风机的设计上，如申请号为201710914763.0中国专利申请公开了一种齿轮齿条驱动式无轴风机，其技术方案为通过电机带动齿轮齿条，由齿轮齿条从轮缘处驱动滑动摩擦的转子部件旋转，虽然减少了中心轴和轮毂，但该风机的机构设计上需要单独加设复杂且维修困难的润滑装置，而且其电机和风机的相对安装位置不便使用且体积较大，同时其不能为飞行器提供自动平衡的扭矩，该技术方案虽为风机的设计提供了一种新方案，但只是一种无轴风机的技术方案，其结构和特征决定了其不能作为飞行器的涵道风扇或桨叶。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是，为了克服现有技术的不足，提供一种结构简单、便于安装使用，低噪音、高升力或推力且扭矩自平衡的高效率的飞行器用无轴涵道风扇或桨叶。
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是：飞行器用锥齿传动扭矩自平衡无轴涵道风扇或桨叶，包括涵道筒架、至少一组反向无轴风扇或无轴桨叶、传动机构，所述反向无轴风扇或无轴桨叶和传动机构安装在涵道筒架内，所述传动机构与反向无轴风扇或无轴桨叶通过齿轮连接，形成无轴涵道风扇或无轴涵道桨叶。
进一步，所述涵道筒架包括涵道架、涵道内筒和环形端盖，所述涵道架为反向无轴风扇或无轴桨叶和传动机构的安装支架，所述环形端盖与涵道架端部连接，用于固定反向无轴风扇或无轴桨叶，防止其轴向滑动。
进一步，所述一组反向无轴风扇或无轴桨叶包括可反向旋转的两个无轴风扇或无轴桨叶，所述无轴风扇或无轴桨叶包括带齿转环和叶片或桨叶，所述叶片或桨叶均布固定于带齿转环内侧，所述无轴风扇的带齿转环通过轴承与涵道架及环形端盖连接，或者通过涵道架上设置的导轨与带齿转环上的容纳轨道的结构滑动连接，或者通过涵道架上设置的两个以上滚轮与带齿转环上设置的滚轮槽滚动连接。
进一步，所述传动机构包括传动轴和主锥齿轮，所述传动轴经固定在涵道架上的轴承与主锥齿轮连接，所述主锥齿轮与带齿转环的齿轮啮合，驱动两个带齿转环反向转动，由叶片或桨叶旋转产生持续且沿涵道中心的单向高风压气流，在反作用力的作用下，提高升力，提高效率。所述涵道内筒由反向的两个无轴风扇的带齿转环的环形内侧面通过轴承连接或环形风圈连接或小间隙分离构成，减少风阻，减少扰动紊流，降低风噪且提高效率。
进一步，所述带齿转环为筒形或环形或多级环形，所述叶片或桨叶还可为两级以上，均匀固定在带齿转环的内侧面上。
进一步，所述传动机构还可设有2～5个过渡锥齿轮，过渡锥齿轮通过连接轴固定在涵道架上，过渡锥齿轮位于两组无轴风扇之间并与带齿转环啮合，可进一步提升本飞行器用无轴涵道风扇或桨叶的结构稳定性。
进一步，还设有动力装置，所述动力装置输出端与传动机构的传动轴连接。所述动力装置可采用带变速器的电动机，也可采用燃油或燃气发动机，还可采用液压马达驱动。
进一步，还可设有两个同步运行的动力装置，第二动力装置可通过与主锥齿轮对称的过渡锥齿轮为飞行器用无轴涵道风扇或桨叶提供更充足的动力。
进一步，所述动力装置还可设有无极调速机构，用以调节飞行器用锥齿传动扭矩自平衡无轴涵道风扇或桨叶转速，以提高或减少飞行器所需升力或推力，以适应飞行器不同飞行速度。
进一步，还设有摆动装置，所述摆动装置与涵道架连接或与动力装置连接后共同固定在涵道架上，可通过摆动装置调节飞行器用锥齿传动扭矩自平衡无轴涵道风扇或桨叶的升力方向，实现飞行器方向的控制。
进一步，所述无轴风扇的固定还可采用磁悬浮轴承或磁悬浮导轨等安装，减小机械阻力，提高效率。
进一步，所述涵道筒架的进出口还可设有导风机构，所述导风机构固定在涵道筒架上且两端喇叭形逐渐扩大，加大进风面积和散风面积，进一步提高升力，提高飞行器用无轴涵道风扇或桨叶效能。
本发明之飞行器用锥齿传动扭矩自平衡无轴涵道风扇或无轴涵道桨叶，以动力装置通过传动机构的传动轴及主锥齿轮，驱动布置在主锥齿轮两侧的带齿筒形或环形转环旋转，带动固接在带齿转环上的两个以上叶片或桨叶以相反方向旋转，同时通过带齿筒形或环形转环及环形风圈构成平滑涵道内筒，减少扰动和风阻，进而提供一种风流喷射式的高升力或推力且扭矩自平衡的飞行器用无轴涵道风扇，且结构简单、噪音低。
本发明的有益效果：
1、采用动力装置驱动主锥齿轮，推动与涵道架通过轴承相连的平滑涵道内筒上的以相反方向旋转的无轴涵道风扇或无轴涵道桨叶，反向旋转的无轴涵道风扇或无轴涵道桨叶不仅可抵消单个无轴风扇单向旋转的反作用力实现扭矩自平衡，还可提供沿涵道中心方向喷射式的风流提高升力或推力。
2、减少传统的轮毂并设置平滑的涵道内筒，可极大的提升流体可作功面积，同时减少流体流动阻力，使流体更加均匀的流动，在抑制噪音源的同时以涵道隔音，可极大的降低飞行器的噪声等级。
3、采用以边缘动力驱动的无轴叶片或桨叶，可极大的降低叶片叶尖转速，可大幅降低气动噪音，并减少叶尖形变提高效率。
4、结构简单，且便于安装使用，适用于目前以日渐广泛应用的飞行器使用，尤其适用于需要低噪音和高升力或推力且扭矩自平衡的载人飞行器。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例1的结构示意图；
图2为图1的A-A剖视图；
图3为本发明实施例2的结构示意图；
图4为本发明实施例3的结构示意图；
图5为本发明实施例4的结构示意图；
图6为本发明实施例5的结构示意图。
图中，1-涵道筒架，101-涵道架，102-涵道内筒，103-环形端盖，104-连接螺栓，105-环形风圈，106-导风机构，107-导轨，2-反向无轴风扇，21-无轴风扇，211-带齿筒形转环，212-叶片，212’-二级叶片，221-带齿环形转环，221’-二级带齿环形转环，3-传动机构，301-传动轴，302-主锥齿轮，303-过渡锥齿轮，4-动力装置，4’-第二动力装置，5-摆动装置。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图及实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
实施例1
参照图1和图2，一种飞行器用锥齿传动扭矩自平衡无轴涵道风扇，包括涵道筒架1、一组反向无轴风扇2和传动机构3，所述反向无轴风扇2和传动机构3安装在涵道筒架1内，所述传动机构3与反向无轴风扇2通过齿轮连接，形成无轴涵道风扇。
所述涵道筒架1包括涵道架101、涵道内筒102和环形端盖103，所述涵道架101为反向无轴风扇2和传动机构3的安装支架，所述环形端盖103与涵道架101端部通过连接螺栓104连接，用于固定反向无轴风扇2，防止其轴向滑动。
所述一组反向无轴风扇2包括可反向旋转的两个无轴风扇21，所述无轴风扇21包括带齿筒形转环211和七个叶片212，所述叶片212均布固接于带齿筒形转环211内侧，所述带齿筒形转环211通过径向轴承与涵道架101连接以及通过轴向轴承与环形端盖103连接。
所述传动机构3包括传动轴301和主锥齿轮302，所述传动轴301经固定在涵道架101上的轴承与主锥齿轮302连接，所述主锥齿轮302与带齿筒形转环211的齿轮啮合，驱动啮合的二个带齿筒形转环211反向转动，由叶片212旋转产生持续且沿涵道内筒102中心的单向高风压气流，在反作用力的作用下，提高升力，提高效率。
所述涵道内筒102由反向旋转的二个无轴风扇21的带齿筒形转环211的环形内侧面通过环形风圈105连接构成，减少风阻，减少扰动紊流，降低风噪且提高效率。
本实施例还设有动力装置4，所述动力装置4采用带升速器的电动机，所述动力装置4输出端与传动机构3的传动轴301连接。
工作过程，所述动力装置4通过传动机构3的传动轴301及主锥齿轮302，驱动对称布置在主锥齿轮302两侧的带齿筒形转环211，带动固接在带齿筒形转环211上的多个叶片212以相反方向旋转，同时通过带齿筒形转环211及环形风圈105构成平滑涵道内筒102，减少扰动和风阻。
本实施例为一种风流喷射式的高升力或推力且扭矩自平衡的飞行器用无轴涵道风扇，结构简单、噪音低。
实施例2
参照图3，一种飞行器用锥齿传动扭矩自平衡无轴涵道风扇，与实施例1的主要区别在于：本实施例采用环形角接触轴承代替径向轴承和轴向轴承作为反向无轴风扇2的安装支架，此时环形端盖103为焊接折型；
本实施例的反向无轴风扇2的二个带齿筒形转环211呈T形环状，带齿筒形转环211近风扇端口面与环形端盖103通过环形角接触轴承连接、齿轮与主锥齿轮302啮合，同时二个带齿筒形转环211通过平面轴承连接构成涵道内筒102；
本实施例的叶片212为两级，均匀固定在带齿筒形转环211的内侧面上；
本实施例还设有三组过渡锥齿轮303，与主锥齿轮302平行均布在涵道架301内壁，过渡锥齿轮303通过轴承安装在涵道架101上；
本实施还设有摆动装置5，所述摆动装置5与涵道架101连接，可通过摆动装置5调节飞行器用无轴涵道风扇的升力方向，实现飞行器速度的控制。
实施例3
参照图4，一种飞行器用锥齿传动扭矩自平衡无轴涵道风扇，与实施例1的主要区别在于：本实施例的带齿转环为带齿环形转环221，还设有与动力装置4同步运行的第二动力装置4’，第二动力装置4’通过与主锥齿轮302对称的过渡锥齿轮303传动带齿环形转环221，提供更充足的动力，增大飞行器用无轴涵道风扇功率；所述动力装置4和第二动力装置4’安装位还设有摆动装置5，所述摆动装置5与涵道架101连接，可通过同步旋转摆动装置5调节飞行器用无轴涵道风扇的升力方向，实现飞行器速度的控制；
本实施例的每个无轴风扇21还设有二级叶片212’和二级带齿环形转环221’，二级叶片212’固定在二级带齿环形转环221’上，二级带齿环形转环221’通过齿与带齿环形转环221啮合同步旋转，产生单向升力；
本实施例的径向轴承和轴向轴承均采用磁力悬浮轴承，可极大降低轴承机械阻力，提高本飞行器用无轴涵道风扇效率。
实施例4
参照图5，一种飞行器用锥齿传动扭矩自平衡无轴涵道风扇，与实施例1的主要区别在于：本实施例采用带齿筒形转环211通过涵道架101上设置的导轨107导向滑动，带齿筒形转环211上设有容纳导轨107的槽型结构，所述槽型结构和导轨107配合安装，导轨107固定在涵道架101上，带齿筒形转环211上的槽型结构可沿导轨107导引无轴风扇21在涵道架101内旋转，本实施例不设置径向和轴向轴承。
实施例5
参照图6，一种飞行器用锥齿传动扭矩自平衡无轴涵道风扇，与实施例1的主要区别在于：本实施例还设有摆动装置5和导风机构106，所述摆动装置5和动力装置4连接并固定在涵道架101上，可通过摆动装置调节飞行器用无轴涵道风扇的升力方向，实现飞行器速度的控制，所述导风机构106固定在涵道的进风口和出风口，导风机构106为固定在涵道架101上，且两端为随涵道内筒102逐渐扩大，加大进风面积和散风面积，进一步提高升力，提高飞行器用无轴涵道风扇效能。

Claims (10)

1.飞行器用锥齿传动扭矩自平衡无轴涵道风扇或桨叶，其特征在于：包括涵道筒架、至少一组反向无轴风扇或无轴桨叶、传动机构，所述反向无轴风扇或无轴桨叶和传动机构安装在涵道筒架内，所述传动机构与反向无轴风扇或无轴桨叶通过齿轮连接，形成无轴涵道风扇或无轴涵道桨叶。
2.根据权利要求1所述的飞行器用锥齿传动扭矩自平衡无轴涵道风扇或桨叶，其特征在于：所述涵道筒架包括涵道架、涵道内筒和环形端盖，所述涵道架为反向无轴风扇或无轴桨叶和传动机构的安装支架，所述环形端盖与涵道架端部连接。
3.根据权利要求1 所述的飞行器用锥齿传动扭矩自平衡无轴涵道风扇或桨叶，其特征在于：所述一组反向无轴风扇或无轴桨叶包括可反向旋转的两个无轴风扇或无轴桨叶，所述无轴风扇或无轴桨叶包括带齿转环和叶片或桨叶，所述叶片或桨叶均布固定于带齿转环内侧，所述无轴风扇的带齿转环通过轴承与涵道架及环形端盖连接，或者通过涵道架上设置的导轨与带齿转环上的容纳轨道的结构滑动连接，或者通过涵道架上设置的两个以上滚轮与带齿转环上设置的滚轮槽滚动连接。
4.根据权利要求3所述的飞行器用锥齿传动扭矩自平衡无轴涵道风扇或桨叶，其特征在于：所述传动机构包括传动轴和主锥齿轮，所述传动轴经固定在涵道架上的轴承与主锥齿轮连接，所述主锥齿轮与带齿转环的齿轮啮合，驱动两个带齿转环反向转动，由叶片或桨叶旋转产生持续且沿涵道中心的单向高风压气流，在反作用力的作用下，提高升力，提高效率。
5.根据权利要求3所述的飞行器用锥齿传动扭矩自平衡无轴涵道风扇或桨叶，其特征在于：所述带齿转环为筒形或环形或多级环形，所述叶片或桨叶为两级以上，均匀固定在带齿转环的内侧面上。
6.根据权利要求4所述的飞行器用锥齿传动扭矩自平衡无轴涵道风扇或桨叶，其特征在于：所述传动机构还设有2～5个过渡锥齿轮，所述过渡锥齿轮通过连接轴固定在涵道架上，所述过渡锥齿轮位于两组无轴风扇之间并与带齿转环啮合。
7.根据权利要求1-4任一权利要求所述的飞行器用锥齿传动扭矩自平衡无轴涵道风扇或桨叶，其特征在于：还设有动力装置，所述动力装置输出端与传动机构的传动轴连接。
8.根据权利要求7所述的飞行器用锥齿传动扭矩自平衡无轴涵道风扇或桨叶，其特征在于：所述动力装置包括两个同步运行的动力装置，第二动力装置通过与主锥齿轮对称的过渡锥齿轮为飞行器用无轴涵道风扇或桨叶提供更充足的动力。
9.根据权利要求7所述的飞行器用锥齿传动扭矩自平衡无轴涵道风扇或桨叶，其特征在于：还设有摆动装置，所述摆动装置与涵道架连接或与动力装置连接后共同固定在涵道架上，可通过摆动装置调节飞行器用锥齿传动扭矩自平衡无轴涵道风扇或无轴涵道桨叶的升力方向，实现飞行器方向的控制。
10.根据权利要求1-4任一权利要求所述的飞行器用锥齿传动扭矩自平衡无轴涵道风扇或桨叶，其特征在于：所述涵道筒架的进出口还设有导风机构，所述导风机构固定在涵道筒架上且两端喇叭形逐渐扩大，加大进风面积和散风面积，进一步提高升力，提高飞行器用无轴涵道风扇或桨叶效能。
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CN109204805A (zh) * 2018-10-22 2019-01-15 山东建筑大学 一种外接电机的双旋翼无人机
CN109204805B (zh) * 2018-10-22 2024-04-05 山东建筑大学 一种外接电机的双旋翼无人机
EP3708488A1 (en) * 2019-03-11 2020-09-16 Subaru Corporation Rotating device and aircraft
US11584508B2 (en) 2019-03-11 2023-02-21 Subaru Corporation Rotating device and aircraft
CN112483275A (zh) * 2020-11-05 2021-03-12 邓云娣 一种推进器及飞行器
CN112483275B (zh) * 2020-11-05 2021-12-17 邓云娣 一种推进器及飞行器
CN112855321A (zh) * 2021-01-14 2021-05-28 江苏大学 一种发动机强制排气装置

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