CN1083545C - 旋转阀 - Google Patents

旋转阀 Download PDF

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CN1083545C
CN1083545C CN97195393A CN97195393A CN1083545C CN 1083545 C CN1083545 C CN 1083545C CN 97195393 A CN97195393 A CN 97195393A CN 97195393 A CN97195393 A CN 97195393A CN 1083545 C CN1083545 C CN 1083545C
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plunger
seat rings
shoulder
inlet
rotary valve
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CN1221481A (zh
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汉斯·D·鲍曼
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Fisher Controls International LLC
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16KVALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K1/00Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces
    • F16K1/24Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces with valve members that, on opening of the valve, are initially lifted from the seat and next are turned around an axis parallel to the seat
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16KVALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K1/00Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces
    • F16K1/16Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces with pivoted closure-members
    • F16K1/18Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces with pivoted closure-members with pivoted discs or flaps
    • F16K1/20Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces with pivoted closure-members with pivoted discs or flaps with axis of rotation arranged externally of valve member
    • F16K1/2014Shaping of the valve member
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16KVALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K1/00Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces
    • F16K1/16Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces with pivoted closure-members
    • F16K1/18Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces with pivoted closure-members with pivoted discs or flaps
    • F16K1/20Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces with pivoted closure-members with pivoted discs or flaps with axis of rotation arranged externally of valve member
    • F16K1/2021Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces with pivoted closure-members with pivoted discs or flaps with axis of rotation arranged externally of valve member with a plurality of valve members
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16KVALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K1/00Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces
    • F16K1/16Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces with pivoted closure-members
    • F16K1/18Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces with pivoted closure-members with pivoted discs or flaps
    • F16K1/20Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces with pivoted closure-members with pivoted discs or flaps with axis of rotation arranged externally of valve member
    • F16K1/2042Special features or arrangements of the sealing
    • F16K1/2057Special features or arrangements of the sealing the sealing being arranged on the valve seat
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16KVALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K1/00Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces
    • F16K1/16Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces with pivoted closure-members
    • F16K1/18Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces with pivoted closure-members with pivoted discs or flaps
    • F16K1/22Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces with pivoted closure-members with pivoted discs or flaps with axis of rotation crossing the valve member, e.g. butterfly valves
    • F16K1/222Shaping of the valve member
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16KVALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K1/00Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces
    • F16K1/16Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces with pivoted closure-members
    • F16K1/18Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces with pivoted closure-members with pivoted discs or flaps
    • F16K1/22Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces with pivoted closure-members with pivoted discs or flaps with axis of rotation crossing the valve member, e.g. butterfly valves
    • F16K1/223Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces with pivoted closure-members with pivoted discs or flaps with axis of rotation crossing the valve member, e.g. butterfly valves with a plurality of valve members
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16KVALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K1/00Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces
    • F16K1/16Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces with pivoted closure-members
    • F16K1/18Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces with pivoted closure-members with pivoted discs or flaps
    • F16K1/22Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces with pivoted closure-members with pivoted discs or flaps with axis of rotation crossing the valve member, e.g. butterfly valves
    • F16K1/226Shaping or arrangements of the sealing
    • F16K1/2263Shaping or arrangements of the sealing the sealing being arranged on the valve seat
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16KVALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K5/00Plug valves; Taps or cocks comprising only cut-off apparatus having at least one of the sealing faces shaped as a more or less complete surface of a solid of revolution, the opening and closing movement being predominantly rotary
    • F16K5/08Details
    • F16K5/14Special arrangements for separating the sealing faces or for pressing them together
    • F16K5/20Special arrangements for separating the sealing faces or for pressing them together for plugs with spherical surfaces
    • F16K5/204Special arrangements for separating the sealing faces or for pressing them together for plugs with spherical surfaces with the plugs or parts of the plugs mechanically pressing the seals against the housing
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/8593Systems
    • Y10T137/86493Multi-way valve unit
    • Y10T137/86718Dividing into parallel flow paths with recombining
    • Y10T137/86743Rotary
    • Y10T137/86751Plug

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Details Of Valves (AREA)
  • Lift Valve (AREA)
  • Sliding Valves (AREA)
  • Check Valves (AREA)

Abstract

一旋转阀设有一具有一入口(26)和一出口(28)的壳体和一选择性地罩复该入口的安装在轴上的柱塞(34)。设有一具有一与入口的阀体孔偏心的内支座肩部(52)的支座环(48)。可转动支座环以调节用于更精确支座的柱塞中心的变化。柱塞可设有一选择性地罩复该出口并根据轴(38)的运动相对于该出口移动的辅助柱塞。该出口可包括一低噪声结构,在一实施例中,该结构具有一组沿流动轨迹改变流动横截面的圆锥形槽。

Description

旋转阀
发明领域
本发明涉及一种旋转阀,具体涉及这种阀的密封和流动特性的改进。
发明背景
旋转阀典型地采用一通常包括一半球形支座表面的旋转柱塞或闸门,该支座表面的尺寸和配置为对位于该阀壳体的入口处的支座环进行支承。许多柱塞相对于轴位于一偏置量处,以使该柱塞在从一关闭位置旋转到一打开位置时沿一向后与该支座环脱离接触的轨迹从该支座环退出。重要的是将支座环相对于半球形柱塞精确对准以保证关闭后无泄漏。
通过将柱塞或轴沿轴向移动以使柱塞支座表面相对于支座环侧向对准,可沿该轴简单地对柱塞的侧面-对-侧面(侧向)对准加以调节。然而,由于阀的壳体/外壳包括有防止任何径向运动的用于轴的固定支承表面,并且柱塞相对于该轴径向固定,故不能容易地实现与轴的轴线方向横向的径向运动。因此,在相对于轴的旋转轴线的柱塞支座表面位置方面的任何固有变动均会在支座环与柱塞支座表面之间产生一间隙,引起泄漏和部件在运动过程中咬合。
颁发给Baumann的美国专利号5305987中示出并揭示了一种用于对柱塞的支座表面与支座环之间的不对准情况进行校正的技术。该专利提供一种安装在轮毂上的柱塞,这种柱塞可进行调节以可将该柱塞移向支座环或从支座环移开。此外,该柱塞包括一允许使用者改变柱塞相对于支座环的接触角的球和球窝接合。这些调节装置保证了在将柱塞置于一关闭位置时保持紧密密封。
此外,通过旋转阀的流体的流动特性往往是很重要的。当柱塞部分打开时,进入阀的流体是在高压下并形成一喷流。这种喷流可产生噪声,往往是以啸声的形式。在大多数阀中,出口是完全打开的,从而出现一很大的压力降。另外,流型被宽打开的出口的出现中断而产生进一步的噪声,并在许多应用中产生空穴。最好是有一通过阀壳体的更为平衡的、低噪声流动。
因此,本发明的一个实施例的一个目的在于提供一种具有用于在柱塞的半球形支座表面与支座环之间提供一精确配合的简单而有效的机构。该调节机构应在一较大的距离范围上易于调节。按照本发明的另一实施例,旋转阀应提供一通过壳体的平滑的流动特性,并应在入口和出口处具有噪声降低结构。
发明概况
按照本发明的旋转阀通过提供一可旋转到各种位置以调节阀的柱塞支座表面的定位差值的带有一偏心支座肩的易调节支座环而克服了现有技术的缺点。该支座环可装设一通过在阀柱塞部分打开时使流体喷流的流动断开来降低噪声的辅助肩部。进一步的噪声控制是通过采用一在阀为仅部分打开时即对阀的出口部进行罩复的辅助柱塞。阀的出口可装设一通过提供一沿流动轨迹的可变截面部使产生部分空穴的气泡易于消失的低噪声结构。
按照一个实施例,阀包括一具有一入口和一出口的壳体。一可包括一半球形支座表面的柱塞可移动地相对于入口装设,一支座环位于靠近可移动柱塞的入口内。该支座环包括一与壳体接合的外缘和一与柱塞接合的内支座肩部。该内支座肩部具有一与外缘中心偏置的中心。该支座环可相对于入口的阀体孔旋转,以调节柱塞的半球形支座表面的中心的位置变动。与偏心支座环旋转同时发生的支座表面中心的侧向变动系通过柱塞相对于柱塞轴的侧向移动或通过将轴的柱塞端作为一整体加以调节。
按照另一实施例,支座环可包括直径大于支座肩部的、装在支座肩部与柱塞之间的辅助肩部。该辅助肩部作为一在支座肩部与部分打开柱塞之间的通道使流体喷流的流动断开。
按照另一实施例,旋转阀可包括一带有一入口和一出口的壳体,以及一相对于柱塞轴上的入口可旋转地安装的柱塞,该柱塞轴相对于该壳体旋转。该出口附近也装有一辅助柱塞。该辅助柱塞在该轴旋转时与该柱塞配合运动,以选择性地罩复一部分出口。通过这种方式,可使入口和出口的尺寸大致相等,以提供一降低入口与出口之间的压力差的、更平坦的流体流动。辅助柱塞能与该出口保持一间隙,故并不对出口进行密封。该辅助柱塞可作为一曲线表面或一半球形形成,该出口可相应地为曲线或一半球形。
按照另一实施例,或与一辅助柱塞配合使用,该出口可包括一带有一组开口的低噪声结构,该开口减少了沿通过出口的流动轨迹的流动横截面。换句话说,流体能由此通过的、在沿出口的直线距离的任何给定点处出现的表面积的量是变动的。在一个实施例中,该开口可包括一组具有锥形侧壁的槽。该侧壁可为内锥形,故当流体通过入口时流动横截面减少。因此,这些槽的作用是减少压力并使可能产生的气泡消失,否则这些气泡将在下游位置处引起空穴。可采用两组平行的槽。可使两组槽的每一组相互垂直并可沿流动轨迹隔开。可将两组槽中典型地更下游的一组作为一可拆卸插入件装设,而将更靠近柱塞的另一组槽装设在一壁部,该壁部为曲线或半球形以与曲线或半球形辅助柱塞一致。在另一种布局中,低噪声结构可包括一具有沿一流动轨迹排列的多个锥形开口以使每个开口中的横截面沿流动轨迹变化的单个插入件。这里描述的任何部件均能与这里描述的任何其它部件结合使用。同样,这里描述的每个部件均能单独用于一给定阀。
附图简单说明
参照以下如附图所示的具体描述,将使本发明的前述和其它目的和优点变得更为显而易见,其中:
图1为按照本发明的一个实施例的带有一偏心支座环的旋转阀的侧剖面图;
图2为图1的旋转阀的顶剖面图;
图3为图1的旋转阀的局部剖切的立体图;
图4为用于图1的旋转阀的支座环和柱塞的局部前视图;
图5为表示一偏置支座配置的支座环和柱塞的局部侧视图;
图6为在一表示流体喷流中断的部分打开位置的支座环和柱塞的局部侧视图;
图7为包括一低噪声出口结构的按照本发明的旋转阀的另一实施例的侧剖面图;
图8为为图7的旋转阀的顶剖面图;
图9为图7的旋转阀的局部剖切的立体图;
图10为用于与图7的旋转阀一起使用的低噪声插入件的可替换的实施例。
具体描述
按照本发明的一个实施例的一旋转阀20一般地示出于图1、2和3中。阀20包括一具有一打开的中央腔24、一入口26和一出口28的金属外壳或壳体22。入口26和出口28的具体直径可根据打算通过该阀传送的流体的流量而变化。在本实施例中,该入口26和出口28系通过分别的凸缘30和32与相应的管道或导管连接。然而本发明也可考虑装设各种入口和出口连接装置。
从入口26流入腔24并由此流入出口28的流量系由一旋转柱塞34加以控制。在本实施例中,该柱塞34一般地为半球形。该柱塞34安装在一本身安装在一轴38上的支架组件36上。在本实施例中,该轴38具有一正方形截面。然而也可考虑各种横截面形状,包括圆形、部分圆形、六角形、花键、三角形或其它不规则形状。
轴38在其自由端40处固定在壳体22中的一预先形成的小孔中。该轴通过另一个穿通的沟槽42进入壳体。轴颈44和46可被装设来当轴38旋转时对轴进行密封并减少摩擦。
支架36可被安装成沿轴38的延长轴线侧向滑动。以这种方式,可将半球形柱塞34相对于入口26在侧向精确地加以设置。以下将对于这种侧向移动作进一步的说明。
柱塞34沿一适当方向形成一对于本发明的支座环48的流体紧密密封。该支座环48可由各种材料形成。按照本实施例,较佳为不锈钢。该支座环48包括一限定一在一环形支座肩部52处靠近柱塞34结束的内向锥形的截头圆锥的入口内壁50。支座肩部52包括一与柱塞34的半球形支座表面55接合的转角54。该转角54可包括一小倒角(见图5中的倒角55),以在柱塞34与肩部52之间提供一较大的支座面积。
支座环48由一与形成在壳体22的入口26内的螺纹58接合的保持环56加以保持。通过拧紧保持环56,使支座环48与一由普通垫片材料制成的垫片60牢固接合。壳体22与垫片60以及支座环48之间的相互接合保证了流体只能在柱塞34与内肩部52之间通过。
因此,柱塞34与内肩部52之间的公差配合最好是尽可能紧密。由图5和图6进一步可见,采用现代大批量生产技术来形成柱塞有时会产生具有一相对于入口26的泵体孔的中心66(用虚线表示)不对准的中心64的半球形柱塞表面34。换句话说,柱塞的半球形表面与其相对于轴38的所需位置略为偏离(偏心)。这种不对准可由柱塞形成误差或固有的模制误差产生。一与入口泵体孔的中心66对准的支座环最紧密地支承一相似地对准的柱塞表面68(如图5中虚线所示)。因此,按照本发明的支座环48系与一能相对于入口中心偏心地对准的支座肩部52一起形成。由支座肩部52限定的内支座孔具有一相对于由壳体22限定的孔中心偏置的中心。该支座环48在壳体孔内可旋转地接合。如图1、3和5所示,在侧面轮廓中,支座肩部52中的孔的顶部与外径70之间的距离大于支座肩部52中的孔与用于所示并说明的给定的支座环方向的外径70之间的对壁距离。上壁厚度与下壁厚度之差等于支座肩部52对支座环48的外壁的最大偏心距的两倍。在一个实施例中,偏心距可为大约0.05至0.2英寸程度。偏心距程度可根据给定型式阀的柱塞之间的预计偏差并根据阀的整个孔的尺寸变动。
按照本实施例的偏心支座环48的形成可以通过首先形成一无孔的实心圆盘料并钻一内孔实现,在一与由该圆盘料的外周限定的中心偏离位置完成支座肩部52。也可采用其它同时进行所有形成工序的方法。
环48的入口壁50包括槽78。该槽可通过一调节工具加以接合且使用者能在将环放置在入口26内时使其转动。保持环56在旋转过程中一般是松开的。通过使环转动,可使上壁部74和下壁部72的尺寸在最大与最小偏置量之间变化。显然,不同于最大与最小偏置量沿一垂直轴线(垂直于轴38的轴线,如图所示)对准的位置的任何位置均将引起一侧向偏置。然而,如上所述,通过沿轴38滑动柱塞支架36可容易地对柱塞进行侧面至侧面的调节。因此,可在最小与最大偏置量之间提供不定数量的传真偏置位置,而任何相关的侧向偏置量则通过柱塞支架沿轴38的侧面至侧面的移动完全加以调节。
实际上,按照本实施例的支座环48的调节需要在对柱塞与支座环的关系进行目测后将支座环48放入入口26内。然后转动该支座环48,直至支座肩部52相对于柱塞的半球形支座表面55的中心64对中而无间隙为止。然后通过拧紧将保持环56旋入其位并锁紧,以将支座环沿其所需旋转方向紧固在入口内。
如上所述,图1-5中示出并描述了具有最大垂直偏置量的支座环48。在本实施例中,顶视图(图2)中的肩部52的侧壁沿长度上大致相等。当然,当该支座环沿不同于所示的旋转方向放置时,这些壁并不相等。
此外,通过改变垫片60的厚度,可改变从柱塞到支座肩部52的距离,从而调节柱塞的半球形支座表面55与该入口的间隔的任何变动。
进一步参照图6,在支座肩部52向内方向设有一较大直径的台阶80。该台阶80也可与一对准肩部52中心的中心偏心地形成。或者,该台阶80也可以一对准入口泵体孔中心的中心形成。在这两个实例中,该台阶的直径在所有转动点处均大于肩部52的直径。在本实施例中,该肩部在直径方面可比内支座肩部52大0,1-1.0英寸。当然,该直径差可根据阀的尺寸及其正常工作压力范围变化。如图6所示,当流体喷流在柱塞为最小打开位置(例如5°至15°)情况下在柱塞34与支座环48之间通过时,台阶80有助于中断其流动(箭头82和84)。通过在支座环48与柱塞34之间的间隙附近产生紊流,该台阶对由高压流体穿过该部分打开阀柱塞时产生的噪声(例如特别的啸声)进行控制。应当想到,这里示出并描述的台阶80可与包括没有偏心支座肩部的任何支座环结合使用。
图7-10示出按照本发明的旋转阀的又一实施例,其中,通过提供一改进的柱塞和出口几何形状对噪声进一步加以控制。本实施例的阀的壳体100适于容置按照图1-6所示的前述实施例的带有低噪声台阶的偏心支座环48。然而,可向壳体100提供一更通用的支座环。同样,当采用一正方形截面的轴102来驱动按照本实施例的柱塞组件104时,可用具有任何可接受横截面的轴替代。
柱塞组件104包括一在尺寸和结构方面与前述实施例的柱塞34相似的支座环48相对的半球形柱塞支座表面106。通过一安装在一配置在轴102上的套筒110上的支架组件108对该柱塞106加以支承。一第二支架组件112从该柱塞支架组件108反向延伸。该后支架组件112上设有按照本实施例的一第二出口柱塞114。该出口柱塞114也限定一半球形。该支架112和柱塞114配置成使半球形中心116(图7)相对于轴102的中心轴线118径向对准。因此,出口柱塞114不同于与轴102偏置以当该轴转动时与支座环48分开的密封柱塞106,而是沿一如图7中虚线所示的圆形轨迹转动。该圆形轨迹以该轴的中心轴线118为中心。该出口柱塞114在尺寸和偏置方面设计成对阀的壳体100的出口部120进行罩复。由于该柱塞并不倾向于对该出口进行紧密密封,在出口柱塞114与出口结构120之间保持有一间隙122。该间隙可根据阀的尺寸和流动特性变化。在本实施例中提供一大约0.5-1.0英寸的间隙。
进一步如图7所示,当柱塞组件104转动到一部分打开位置(如虚线所示)时,流体穿过支座环流经柱塞106(见箭头124)。该部分打开的柱塞仍对通过入口的流体流动提供阻力。在一通常的阀中,出口仍充分打开,从而出口处的阻力大大减少。入口与出口之间的在流动特性方面的这种差别可导致噪声和不可预计特性的流体。然而,通过提供在密封柱塞106仅部分打开时部分覆盖出口部120的辅助柱塞114,即得到更为平坦的流动特性。换句话说,入口处流体的表面积与出口处流体的表面积大致对应。显然,辅助柱塞114的精确尺寸和结构可加以改变,以适应不同的出口尺寸和形状。此外,柱塞应设计成小于出口的开口,或者相反,在需要时大于出口的开口。
按照本实施例的阀的壳体100的一进一步的特点是在出口处为一低噪声结构126。本实施例的降低噪声结构126包括一具有一系列垂直槽132(见图8)的前面(上游)开槽结构130,在本实施例中,这些槽的每一条均为从一开阔的入口至一较狭窄的出口的圆锥。在本实施例中,圆锥的角度通常在10°与20°之间。应当理解,本发明可采用各种尺寸和结构的圆锥槽。同样,一插入件可设计成具有一些孔而不是槽。同时还提供一具有一系列附加圆锥槽136的第二后面(下游)开槽结构134,该圆锥槽136的结构与第一结构130的槽132相似。第二开槽结构134位于流动的下游,而其槽136则朝向垂直于垂直槽132。换句话说,第二组槽136被对准到大致平行于轴102的轴线。在该实施例中,前面开槽结构130对靠近辅助柱塞114的出口结构进行限定。从而将其形成具有被切成曲线状壁的槽的曲线和/或半球形壁部。该曲线意味着提供一相对于辅助柱塞114恒定的间隙。这保证了当阀部分打开时保持一受到限制的流动。后面开槽结构134是作为一在出口阀体孔内接合螺纹140的可拆卸插入件形成的。还可进一步提供一带有螺纹的保持环142以防止后面开槽结构134转动。前面开槽结构130和后面开槽结构134中槽的朝向可以重新安排。换句话说,前面槽可制成水平的而后面槽可制成垂直的。在该实施例中,一般希望槽相互垂直以进一步使流动中断。同样,前面槽组132和后面槽组136相对于轴102的轴线均可以一非垂直角度朝向。应当理解,按照另一实施例,可将前面开槽结构130作为一可拆卸件提供。另外还应理解,在又一实施例中可省略辅助柱塞,在这种情况下,可将该前面开槽结构制成平的或其它所需形状。
开槽结构用作当流体流出阀壳体时对该流体的流动作进一步的中断。已知一进入小开口的流动将产生一使流体汽化的低静压力。这种汽化引起封闭气泡,这些气泡随后当压力再次升高时在一下游位置处破裂。这种破裂一般称为空穴作用,并可产生大的噪声,甚至损坏管道和其它部件。流体从较大截面被加速到较小截面,在那里流体因低静压力而汽化。然后气泡在靠近每条槽的圆锥出口处因较高的下游压力而破裂。这种破裂在气泡能在进一步下游聚集成大而损坏的空穴之前发生。通过使槽交叉,流动进一步被中断,并作用在整个出口孔横截面上。其作用是进一步减少噪声并保证气泡的更完全的破裂。因此,成圆锥形的开槽结构130和134直接在靠近出口处将噪声减少在下游可能引发更大噪声问题之前。
注意,这里示出和描述的槽可用流动横截面相对于流动轨迹变化的其它结构代替。这里采用了两个独立的槽组,按照另一实施例,则可沿该轨迹提供更多个流动限制结构。同样,可将两个或更多个槽组结合在一单一的整体装置内。
参照Hans D.Baumann在“噪声控制工程杂志”1984年1-2月号的题为与由节流阀产生的空气动力声级有关的系数和因素一文。特将该文内容引用如下。按照该文,可知声音效率(即产生噪声的能力)将作为在一个压力比例范围(对于入口和出口值)的压力恢复等级(FL因素)。流线型通道具有低的FL因素,而一猝然排出区域具有一可接近于1.0的高的FL因素。通过提供例如在本发明中所表示和描述的在入口处的小截面和一朝向出口的圆锥形流动通道,提供一低的FL。这个低的FL对于大于2∶1的入口与出口之间的高压比例是有利的,因为它产生一较低的声学效果,通常在一高的FL通道上为5-10dB。然而,当压力降为低(低于2∶1)时,对于较低的声学效果最好是一高的FL,通常为5-10dB。在这种情况下,小的横截面位于下游。因此,可采用一尺寸和结构范围对阀在正常工作范围下的给定压力条件定制低噪声出口截面。
图10示出一低噪声插入件150的实例,该插入件具有分散并在下游方向变宽的槽152。该插入件150在对一可高度压缩流体加以相当高的压力降(压力比高于2∶1)的场合特别有用。该插入件150可开有螺纹并能在没有图8和9所示的保持环142的情况下使用。而且,根据应用情况,该插入件150可与流动轨迹反向。如上所述,按照本发明可采用具有改变几何尺寸和形状的各种低噪声结构。主要的要求是使一表面区域设置为与流体接触,并且流体流动的横截面沿通过出口的流动轨迹变化(增加或减少)。
以上对本发明的较佳实施例作了具体描述。可在不脱离本发明精神和范围的情况下进行各种修改和增加。例如,这里所示为一半球形柱塞,但在合适的场合可用其它形状和尺寸代替,例如圆柱形、卵形或平板形。所示低噪声插入件系采用槽,但可用带有圆锥形壁或其它几何结构的、其中流动部沿流动轨迹方向变化的独立孔代替。同样,这里描述的每个部件可设计成阀壳体的一固定部分或可制成可调节并拆卸的。
因此,本说明书内容仅是针对实例而并不限定本发明的范围。

Claims (12)

1.一种旋转阀,包括:
一具有一入口和一出口的壳体;
一相对于入口可移动地装设的柱塞;以及
一位于靠近可移动柱塞的入口中的支座环,其特征在于,
所述支座环包括一与壳体接合的外缘和一设计成与柱塞接合的内支座肩部,所述内支座肩部具有一中心,所述外缘具有一中心,所述内支座肩部的中心与所述外缘的中心偏置,所述支座环设计成可相对于入口旋转。
2.如权利要求1所述的旋转阀,其特征在于,所述柱塞包括一半球形支座表面。
3.如权利要求1所述的旋转阀,其特征在于,所述入口包括一具有用于容置一垫片的肩部并进一步包括一设置在所述支座环与所述用于容置垫片的肩部之间的垫片的阀体孔。
4.如权利要求3所述的旋转阀,其特征在于,还包括一与所述入口螺纹接合并将所述支座环偏置到与垫片接合的保持环。
5.如权利要求4所述的旋转阀,其特征在于,所述支座环包括调节结构,所述调节结构设计成能使所述支座环接合以使它能相对于所述入口转动。
6.如权利要求5所述的旋转阀,其特征在于,所述调节结构包括形成在所述支座环的与靠近柱塞一侧相对的支座环一侧的部分中的槽。
7.如权利要求1所述的旋转阀,其特征在于,所述支座环包括一装在内支座肩部与柱塞之间的辅助肩部,所述辅助肩部具有一大于支座肩部直径的直径,所述辅助肩部设计成在所述柱塞位于一部分打开位置时使在内支座肩部与柱塞之间的流体喷流流动断开。
8.如权利要求1所述的旋转阀,其特征在于,所述出口部加工有螺纹以接受一噪音抑制用开槽结构。
9.如权利要求8所述的旋转阀,其特征在于,所述开槽结构具有多个开口,所述开口包括具有圆锥形侧壁的平行槽。
10.一种用于旋转阀的支座环,包括:
一用于与阀入口的阀体孔接合的外缘;
一内孔,所述内孔包括一用于与一阀柱塞接合的支座肩部,其特征在于,所述外缘的中心和所述内支座肩部的中心相互偏置。
11.如权利要求10所述的支座环,其特征在于,还包括设置在支座环上的调节结构,并设计成使所述支座环能在一阀入口内转动以在所述阀入口内改变旋转方向。
12.如权利要求10所述的支座环,其特征在于,还包括一靠近内支座肩部装设的辅助肩部,所述辅助肩部具有一大于内支座肩部的直径,以使在其上流过的流体喷流的流动断开。
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CN1221481A (zh) 1999-06-30
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US6024125A (en) 2000-02-15
WO1997047904A2 (en) 1997-12-18
DE69707285T2 (de) 2002-07-18
WO1997047904A3 (en) 1998-04-09
DE69707285D1 (de) 2001-11-15
EP0904506B1 (en) 2001-10-10
HK1019165A1 (en) 2000-01-14

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