CN108350959B - 盘式制动器 - Google Patents

盘式制动器 Download PDF

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CN108350959B
CN108350959B CN201680062995.1A CN201680062995A CN108350959B CN 108350959 B CN108350959 B CN 108350959B CN 201680062995 A CN201680062995 A CN 201680062995A CN 108350959 B CN108350959 B CN 108350959B
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brake
spring
pressing device
leaf spring
pad
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CN108350959A (zh
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G·戈伊克
F·克斯特
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Bpw Mining Shaft Co
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D65/00—Parts or details
    • F16D65/02—Braking members; Mounting thereof
    • F16D65/04—Bands, shoes or pads; Pivots or supporting members therefor
    • F16D65/092—Bands, shoes or pads; Pivots or supporting members therefor for axially-engaging brakes, e.g. disc brakes
    • F16D65/095—Pivots or supporting members therefor
    • F16D65/097—Resilient means interposed between pads and supporting members or other brake parts
    • F16D65/0973—Resilient means interposed between pads and supporting members or other brake parts not subjected to brake forces
    • F16D65/0974—Resilient means interposed between pads and supporting members or other brake parts not subjected to brake forces acting on or in the vicinity of the pad rim in a direction substantially transverse to the brake disc axis
    • F16D65/0977—Springs made from sheet metal
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D55/00—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes
    • F16D55/02—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members
    • F16D55/22—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads
    • F16D55/224—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads with a common actuating member for the braking members
    • F16D55/225—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads with a common actuating member for the braking members the braking members being brake pads
    • F16D55/226—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads with a common actuating member for the braking members the braking members being brake pads in which the common actuating member is moved axially, e.g. floating caliper disc brakes
    • F16D55/2262—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads with a common actuating member for the braking members the braking members being brake pads in which the common actuating member is moved axially, e.g. floating caliper disc brakes the axial movement being guided by open sliding surfaces, e.g. grooves
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    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D55/00—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes
    • F16D55/02—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members
    • F16D55/22—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads
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    • F16D55/00—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes
    • F16D55/02—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members
    • F16D55/22—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads
    • F16D55/224—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads with a common actuating member for the braking members
    • F16D55/225—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads with a common actuating member for the braking members the braking members being brake pads
    • F16D55/226—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads with a common actuating member for the braking members the braking members being brake pads in which the common actuating member is moved axially, e.g. floating caliper disc brakes
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    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D55/00—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes
    • F16D55/02—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members
    • F16D55/22—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads
    • F16D55/224—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads with a common actuating member for the braking members
    • F16D55/225—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads with a common actuating member for the braking members the braking members being brake pads
    • F16D55/226—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads with a common actuating member for the braking members the braking members being brake pads in which the common actuating member is moved axially, e.g. floating caliper disc brakes
    • F16D55/2265—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads with a common actuating member for the braking members the braking members being brake pads in which the common actuating member is moved axially, e.g. floating caliper disc brakes the axial movement being guided by one or more pins engaging bores in the brake support or the brake housing
    • F16D55/22655—Constructional details of guide pins
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D65/00—Parts or details
    • F16D65/02—Braking members; Mounting thereof
    • F16D65/04—Bands, shoes or pads; Pivots or supporting members therefor
    • F16D65/092—Bands, shoes or pads; Pivots or supporting members therefor for axially-engaging brakes, e.g. disc brakes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D65/00—Parts or details
    • F16D65/02—Braking members; Mounting thereof
    • F16D65/04—Bands, shoes or pads; Pivots or supporting members therefor
    • F16D65/092—Bands, shoes or pads; Pivots or supporting members therefor for axially-engaging brakes, e.g. disc brakes
    • F16D65/095—Pivots or supporting members therefor
    • F16D65/097—Resilient means interposed between pads and supporting members or other brake parts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D65/00—Parts or details
    • F16D65/02—Braking members; Mounting thereof
    • F16D65/04—Bands, shoes or pads; Pivots or supporting members therefor
    • F16D65/092—Bands, shoes or pads; Pivots or supporting members therefor for axially-engaging brakes, e.g. disc brakes
    • F16D65/095—Pivots or supporting members therefor
    • F16D65/097—Resilient means interposed between pads and supporting members or other brake parts
    • F16D65/0973—Resilient means interposed between pads and supporting members or other brake parts not subjected to brake forces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F1/00—Springs
    • F16F1/02—Springs made of steel or other material having low internal friction; Wound, torsion, leaf, cup, ring or the like springs, the material of the spring not being relevant
    • F16F1/18—Leaf springs
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D55/00—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes
    • F16D2055/0004—Parts or details of disc brakes
    • F16D2055/007—Pins holding the braking members

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Braking Arrangements (AREA)

Abstract

本发明提出一种盘式制动器，其包括：将制动盘与在该制动盘两侧的制动衬块搭接的制动钳；防止各制动衬块从该盘式制动器脱出的衬块压紧装置，所述衬块压紧装置贴靠到两个制动衬块的衬块后板上并横向于各制动衬块延伸；以及板簧，所述板簧弹簧弹性地贴靠到衬块压紧装置的背离各制动衬块的一侧上、沿该衬块压紧装置的纵向方向延伸并且以该板簧的两个弹簧端部支承在弹簧支座中。弹簧支座之一的一个组成部分是固定机构，所述固定机构横向于衬块压紧装置和板簧延伸。该弹簧支座的另一个组成部分是卡箍，所述卡箍通过固定机构与制动钳连接，并且弹簧端部贴靠到所述卡箍的朝向固定机构的内侧上。本发明还提出一种卡箍。

Description

盘式制动器
技术领域
本发明涉及一种盘式制动器，包括：将制动盘与在制动盘两侧的制动衬块搭接的制动钳；防止制动衬块从盘式制动器脱出的衬块压紧装置，所述衬块压紧装置贴靠到两个制动衬块的衬块后板上并横向于这两个制动衬块延伸；以及板簧，所述板簧弹簧弹性地贴靠到衬块压紧装置的背离制动衬块的一侧上，沿衬块压紧装置的纵向方向延伸，并且以该板簧的两个弹簧端部支承在弹簧支座中，其中，弹簧支座之一的组成部分是固定机构，所述固定机构横向于衬块压紧装置和板簧延伸。
本发明还涉及一种用于盘式制动器的制动衬块的压紧组件的板簧，包括在该板簧的中央区段上设置的贴靠位置，该贴靠位置成形为该板簧的弯曲部或弯卷部，该弯曲部或弯卷部具有朝向制动衬块的弯卷部外侧。
本发明还涉及一种卡箍并且尤其是一种用于具有衬块压紧装置和板簧的压紧组件的固定卡箍。
背景技术
在具有将制动衬块接纳在衬块井筒中的制动钳的盘式制动器中需要防止制动衬块从衬块井筒脱出的措施。为此目的经常因此例如在EP 1 069 334 B1、EP 2 057 384 B1、DE 10 2005 044 091 A1、DE 10 2005 045 877 B3、DE 20 2008 013 446 U1或DE 10 2015000 857 A1中那样使衬块井筒通过稳定的保持卡箍桥接，所述保持卡箍横向于制动衬块延伸并且以其端部固定在制动钳上。在保持卡箍和每个制动衬块之间设置板簧，所述板簧以其弹簧端部支承到相应制动衬块的衬块后板上，并且在其弹簧中心的区域中从下面支承到保持卡箍上。以这种方式引起持续的朝制动盘的旋转轴线指向的作用到制动衬块上的压紧力。
因为在上面提到的盘式制动器中支承在制动衬块上的弹簧经受制动衬块和制动盘的热，所以由EP 2 687 746B1和EP 1 898 115 B1已知如下技术解决方案：在横向通过衬块井筒的保持卡箍和制动衬块之间没有设置弹簧元件。代替于此，一个唯一的板簧设置在刚性保持卡箍的外侧上并且以朝制动衬块指向的弹簧力加载该保持卡箍。亦即保持卡箍本身是衬块压紧装置，为此其直接贴靠到制动衬块的后板的上边缘上。板簧在其弹簧中心的区域中支承到衬块压紧装置的背离制动衬块的上侧上，而其两个弹簧端部固定在制动钳上的弹簧支座中。其中一个弹簧支座的组成部分是呈螺栓形式的横向于衬块压紧装置和板簧延伸的固定机构。所述螺栓同时用于锁定衬块压紧装置和锁定板簧。通过使用螺栓实现的该双重锁定功能例如在由于磨损更换制动衬块之后在装配该压紧组件时引起缺点。
发明内容
本发明的任务是，通过技术措施改善和简化例如在更换制动衬块之后压紧组件的装配。
为了在开头所述类型的盘式制动器中解决该任务，提出：弹簧支座的另一个组成部分是卡箍，所述卡箍通过固定机构与制动钳连接，并且弹簧端部贴靠到所述卡箍的朝向固定机构的内侧上。
所述卡箍虽然在压紧组件内构成附加构件，然而其改善和简化包括衬块压紧装置和板簧的功能单元的装配，并且更确切地说正是鉴于在装配技术方面板簧在装配期间已经所受的不利预应力来进行改善和简化。利用本发明，尽管存在板簧所受的预应力，但能够将固定机构、优选螺栓相对简单且无危险地装入在制动钳上，然后以此同时使衬块压紧装置和板簧占据其规定位置。
板簧的如下设计也有助于解决所述任务，即，所述板簧在其一个弹簧端部上设有基本上横向于板簧的主延伸区延伸的形锁合元件。通过该形锁合元件实现板簧在具有螺栓的弹簧支座的区域中的位置固定。
优选地，板簧在该弹簧端部上设有弯曲部，所述弯曲部的弯曲部外侧处于板簧的与在贴靠位置上的弯卷部外侧相同的主侧面上。
优选地，板簧也在其另一个弹簧端部上设有基本上横向于板簧的主延伸区延伸的形锁合元件，其中，两个形锁合元件关于板簧的两个主侧面沿相反的方向延伸。
通过在板簧的该另一个弹簧端部上的形锁合元件，板簧可以从后面嵌接衬块压紧装置。由此在该另一个弹簧端部上引起该弹簧端部与衬块压紧装置的纵向耦合。为了构成第二形锁合元件，板簧可以设有相对于其余板簧宽度减少的变细部。
利用另一种设计提出：板簧只在其纵向延伸区的一个唯一位置上弹簧弹性地贴靠到衬块压紧装置上，其中，板簧在该位置上具有例如呈折点形式的弯卷部并且以其弯卷部外侧贴靠到衬块压紧装置上。
按照另一种设计，衬块压紧装置在弹簧支座的区域中具有两个通过开口的中央区域彼此分离的纵向区段，各纵向区段的内侧朝向彼此并且朝向支承体，所述支承体成形在制动钳上并且固定机构可脱开地固定在所述支承体上。在该情况中有利的是，卡箍沿螺栓纵向方向支承到各纵向区段的彼此背离的外侧上。
为了解决所述任务，用于在盘式制动器中使用的卡箍或固定卡箍的设计方案也作出贡献。该卡箍或固定卡箍一件式地由中央区段和相对于中央区段弯折的侧向区段组成，其中，各侧向区段具有用于供优选构成为螺栓的固定机构穿过的彼此对齐的开口。
优选地，中央区段具有呈缝隙形式的朝各侧向区段延伸的开口。
附图说明
接着借助附图进一步解释具有压紧组件的盘式制动器的实施例。其中示出：
图1车辆盘式制动器的制动钳的中央部分的透视俯视图，其包括在制动钳中构成的衬块井筒，在所述衬块井筒中在制动盘两侧设置制动衬块；
图2按照图1的主题的另一个透视俯视图；
图3压紧组件的横截面，所述压紧组件包括衬块压紧装置、板簧、卡箍以及固定在制动钳上的螺栓；
图4卡箍的透视图；
图5a仅衬块压紧装置的侧视图；
图5b衬块压紧装置的俯视图。
具体实施方式
图1示出用于商用车的车辆盘式制动器的制动钳1的中央部分。所述盘式制动器可以是滑动钳盘结构类型或固定钳盘结构类型。在制动盘2的每侧分别设置一个制动衬块3。为了接纳制动衬块3，制动钳1设有衬块井筒6，衬块压紧装置10在所述衬块井筒上延伸。衬块压紧装置10以如下方式桥接衬块井筒6，即，衬块压紧装置10横向于制动衬块6延伸。
制动衬块3如通常那样包括实际的摩擦衬块4以及衬块后板5，所述衬块后板承担在制动钳上或在轴固定的制动支架上引导和支承制动衬块3。
细长构造的衬块压紧装置10平行于制动盘2的旋转轴线延伸。衬块压紧装置的两个端部可直接或间接地固定在制动钳1上。为此目的，衬块压紧装置10的一个端部突出到制动钳1的空隙7下方，并且因此直接固定在制动钳1上。衬块压紧装置10的另一个端部借助固定机构8、在这里即圆柱形螺栓可脱开地固定在制动钳1上。
为了将两个制动衬块3固定在衬块井筒6中，衬块压紧装置10构成为基本上刚性的保持卡箍并且与弯曲弹性的板簧12组合成一个压紧组件。
刚性的衬块压紧装置10具有如下横截面，该横截面的下侧朝向制动衬块3，在该下侧上连接有朝向两个纵向边缘的倾斜部15，由此衬块压紧装置10在其下侧的区域中具有总体上梯形的横截面。衬块压紧装置10仅以倾斜部15支承在对应倾斜的、衬块后板5在其上边缘上设置的轮廓上。
以这种方式，衬块压紧装置10将制动衬块3固定在衬块井筒6中，从而制动衬块3不可以关于制动盘的旋转轴线径向向外从衬块井筒6出来或脱出。贴靠面的该倾斜布置结构此外也导致两个制动衬块的一定的侧向位置固定。
在背离制动衬块3处，衬块压紧装置10也具有类似梯形凹槽的横截面。在该凹槽的大致具有板簧12宽度B的平坦底部上在两侧连接有倾斜部。
由弹簧钢制成的板簧12以其一个弹簧端部31固定在第一弹簧支座21中并且以其另一个弹簧端部32固定在第二弹簧支座22中，其中，该固定分别是可脱开的，以便将板簧12和在其下面设置的衬块压紧装置10去除，并且因此为了更换制动衬块而到达衬块井筒6。
板簧在外面纵向地且平行于衬块压紧装置10地延伸并且支承到该衬块压紧装置上，由此衬块压紧装置10被朝制动衬块3弹簧加载。以这种方式，衬块压紧装置尽管本身是刚性的但在持续的弹簧力下直接支承在两个制动衬块3的衬块后板5的外部边缘上。
板簧12不是在其全部长度上、而是只在非常短的贴靠位置35上支承在衬块压紧装置10上。为了实现处于板簧12的中央区段上的该贴靠位置35，板簧设有弯曲部或弯卷部30。弯卷部在这里是类似于折点的、横向于板簧纵向延伸区延伸的弯曲部。利用该弯曲部或弯卷部30的外侧，板簧12直接贴靠在衬块压紧装置10的凹槽底部上。因此只在该分立的贴靠或支承的位置上，衬块压紧装置10被弹簧力朝制动衬块3的方向加载。
在这里所述的实施例中，第一弹簧支座21在车辆外部并且第二弹簧支座22在车辆内部处于制动钳1上。只第一弹簧支座21为了锁定衬块压紧装置10和板簧12而设有螺栓8。而制动钳1为了形成第二弹簧支座22而设有朝衬块井筒6开口的开口或空隙24，所述开口或空隙提供同时用于衬块压紧装置10的在那里的端部的以及也用于在那里的弹簧端部32的空间。
为了装配包括衬块压紧装置和板簧的布置结构，有利的是，这两个构件的共同装入制动钳的开口或空隙24中的端部沿纵向方向彼此锁定。为此，衬块压紧装置10在该端部20上设有端面23，在板簧的对应弹簧端部32上构成的形锁合元件39从后面嵌接该端面(图2)。为了该从后面嵌接，板簧12在弹簧端部32上基本上横向弯折，其中，该弯折部在开口或空隙24内从后面嵌接衬块压紧装置10的端面23。这样实现的锁定导致：一旦衬块压紧装置10处于制动钳的开口或空隙24中，则板簧12沿纵向方向锁定，即被囚禁在衬块压紧装置10上。该措施使衬块压紧装置10且特别是板簧12在另一个端部上、亦即在第一弹簧支座21的区域中的随后固定变得容易。
在第一弹簧支座21的区域中，衬块压紧装置10如在图5a中能够看出的那样弯曲地构成，其方式为衬块压紧装置在该端部上具有弯曲部。在装配螺栓8时，该弯曲部从下面嵌接螺栓8，从而衬块压紧装置的该端部被该螺栓囚禁并且即使在没有板簧12或板簧失效的情况下也不可以向外从制动钳1脱开。
此外实现衬块压紧装置10的纵向锁定，其方式为其弯曲的端部区段由两个通过开口的中央区域54彼此分离的纵向区段55A、55B组成。连接两个纵向区段55A、55B的横向边缘57在装配状态中与支承体25相对置，所述支承体固定地成形在制动钳1上并且特别是用于接纳螺栓8并且借此接纳固定机构。衬块压紧装置10的纵向可运动性因此在两个方向上受限，并且更确切地说是一方面通过横向边缘57到支承体25上的碰撞并且另一方面通过衬块压紧装置10的另一个端部在制动钳的开口或空隙24中的碰撞进行限制。
一件式成形在制动钳1上的支承体25具有用于引导螺栓8通过的孔。衬块压紧装置10的纵向区段55A、55B以其朝向彼此的内侧56A、56B沿螺栓纵向方向朝向支承体25，其中，一个纵向区段55A的内侧56A从一侧并且另一个纵向区段55B的内侧56B从另一侧朝向支承体25。当然，衬块压紧装置10相对于支承体沿周向、亦即沿制动盘的旋转方向的一定的可运动性是重要的。
按照图3，衬块压紧装置10的弯曲的纵向区段55A、55B在装配状态中与圆柱形螺栓8具有一定的间距。以其背离螺栓8的下侧，该衬块压紧装置也相对于制动钳1的对置面27具有间距。这在于，衬块压紧装置10正是由于其压紧装置的功能而特别是支承在两个制动衬块3上。
从图3也能够看出弹簧端部31在弹簧支座21上的锁定。弹簧支座21的组成部分除了螺栓8以外是固定卡箍40，所述固定卡箍通过螺栓8与制动钳的支承体25连接。板簧12以其弹簧端部31贴靠到卡箍40的朝向螺栓8的内侧45上。
作为附加的安全措施，在弹簧端部31的最末端上构成的形锁合元件36嵌接到卡箍40的缝隙状开口47中。
按照图4，卡箍40由中央区段41和两个关于中央区段41大约成直角设置的侧向区段42、43组成，弹簧端部31贴靠到所述中央区段的内侧上。卡箍40的侧向区段42、43分别包含圆形开口46，螺栓8靠近其螺栓端部以较少的间隙穿过所述圆形开口。
优选地，两个侧向区段42、43之间的间距使得侧向区段42可以沿螺栓纵向方向支承到衬块压紧装置10的弯曲的第一纵向区段55A上，并且另一个侧向区段43可以沿螺栓纵向方向支承到衬块压紧装置的弯曲的第二纵向区段55B上。
螺栓8作为固定机构起作用，以便将卡箍40可脱开地固定在支承体25上。同时，板簧12在弹簧应力下支承在卡箍40的中央区段41的朝向螺栓8的内侧45上。这些措施的总和导致对板簧12的弯曲应力的固定和维持。
在弹簧端部31上构成的、弯折的形锁合元件36到卡箍40的处于中央区段41内的开口47中的形锁合嵌接构成附加的安全措施。
板簧12在弹簧端部31上碗状地弯曲，其中，在装配状态中，该弯曲部37的外侧朝向螺栓8。
弹簧端部31的最外端也可以构造为变细部，其在装配状态中形成用于嵌接到卡箍40开口47中的形锁合元件。在该情况中，板簧在变细部的区域中显著窄于在其余板簧宽度的区域中。
包括衬块压紧装置10、板簧12、卡箍40和螺栓8的布置结构的装配如下进行，即：首先板簧12这样放置到衬块压紧装置10上，使得该板簧以其形成形锁合元件39的弯折端部从后面嵌接衬块压紧装置10的端部。然后这样暂时连接的部件沿纵向方向推入制动钳的开口或空隙24中。
在下一个步骤中，卡箍40套装到弹簧端部31上，这通过使作为形锁合元件36起作用的弯折端部嵌接到卡箍40的开口47中而得以简化并且特别是对于装配工而言较安全。因为现在卡箍40由于在其中央区段41上的手动压力而在板簧弯曲的情况下压紧，直至在侧向区段42、43中的开口46与固定于制动钳上的支承体25的孔对齐。如果是这种情况，则螺栓8沿螺栓纵向方向装入。然后向卡箍40施加的压力可以结束，因为现在板簧12的夹紧力通过卡箍40连同螺栓8而被可靠地接纳。
为了使螺栓8不可以沿螺栓纵向方向再次脱开，在螺栓8上设置有合适的保险环、开口销或类似物。
附图标记列表
1 制动钳
2 制动盘
3 制动衬块
4 摩擦衬块
5 衬块后板
6 衬块井筒
7 空隙
8 螺栓、固定机构
10 衬块压紧装置
12 板簧
15 倾斜部
20 端部
21 弹簧支座
22 弹簧支座
23 端面
24 开口、空隙
25 支承体
27 在制动钳上的面
30 弯卷部、弯曲部
31 弹簧端部
32 弹簧端部
36 形锁合元件
37 弯曲部
39 形锁合元件
40 卡箍、固定卡箍
41 中央区段
42 侧向区段
43 侧向区段
45 内侧
46 开口
47 开口
54 开口的中央区域
55A 纵向区段
55B 纵向区段
56A 内侧
56B 内侧
57 横向边缘

Claims (12)

1.盘式制动器，包括：对制动盘(2)以及在该制动盘两侧的制动衬块(3)进行搭接的制动钳(1)；防止各制动衬块(3)从该盘式制动器脱出的衬块压紧装置(10)，所述衬块压紧装置贴靠到两个制动衬块(3)的衬块后板(5)上并横向于这两个制动衬块延伸；以及板簧(12)，所述板簧弹簧弹性地贴靠到衬块压紧装置(10)的背离各制动衬块(3)的一侧上、沿该衬块压紧装置的纵向方向延伸并且以该板簧的两个弹簧端部(31、32)支承在弹簧支座(21、22)中，其中，所述弹簧支座中的一个弹簧支座的组成部分是固定机构(8)，所述固定机构横向于衬块压紧装置(10)和板簧(12)延伸，其特征在于，该一个弹簧支座(21)的另一个组成部分是卡箍(40)，所述卡箍通过固定机构(8)与制动钳(1)连接，并且相应一个弹簧端部(31)贴靠到所述卡箍的朝向固定机构(8)的内侧(45)上。
2.按照权利要求1所述的盘式制动器，其特征在于，板簧(12)在所述相应一个弹簧端部(31)上设有用于嵌接到卡箍(40)中的形锁合元件(36)。
3.按照权利要求2所述的盘式制动器，其特征在于，形锁合元件(36)基本上横向于板簧(12)的主延伸区而延伸。
4.按照权利要求2或3所述的盘式制动器，其特征在于，板簧(12)在所述相应一个弹簧端部(31)上设有弯曲部(37)，所述弯曲部的弯曲外侧朝向固定机构(8)。
5.按照权利要求2或3所述的盘式制动器，其特征在于，板簧(12)在其另一个弹簧端部(32)上设有形锁合元件(39)，板簧(12)利用该形锁合元件沿纵向方向从后面嵌接衬块压紧装置(10)。
6.按照权利要求1至3之一所述的盘式制动器，其特征在于，板簧(12)只在其纵向延伸区的一个唯一位置上弹簧弹性地贴靠到衬块压紧装置(10)上，其中，板簧(12)在该位置上具有弯卷部(30)并且弯卷部外侧贴靠到衬块压紧装置(10)上。
7.按照权利要求2或3所述的盘式制动器，其特征在于，卡箍(40)一件式地由中央区段(41)和相对于中央区段(41)弯折的侧向区段(42、43)组成，所述相应一个弹簧端部(31)贴靠到所述中央区段上，固定机构(8)被引导穿过所述侧向区段。
8.按照权利要求7所述的盘式制动器，其特征在于，各侧向区段(42、43)分别具有开口(46)，固定机构(8)被引导穿过该开口。
9.按照权利要求7所述的盘式制动器，其特征在于，中央区段(41)具有开口(47)，终止所述相应一个弹簧端部(31)的形锁合元件(36)嵌接到该开口中。
10.按照权利要求1至3之一所述的盘式制动器，其特征在于，衬块压紧装置(10)在所述一个弹簧支座(21)的区域中具有两个通过开口的中央区域(54)彼此分离的纵向区段(55A、55B)，各纵向区段的内侧(56A、56B)朝向彼此并且朝向支承体(25)，所述支承体成形在制动钳(1)上并且固定机构(8)可脱开地固定在所述支承体上。
11.按照权利要求10所述的盘式制动器，其特征在于，卡箍(40)支承到各纵向区段(55A、55B)的彼此背离的外侧上。
12.按照权利要求1至3之一所述的盘式制动器，其特征在于，固定机构(8)是螺栓。
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RU2735748C2 (ru) 2020-11-06
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