CN108350388A - 用于改善液压系统中润滑油的空气释放的方法 - Google Patents
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- C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
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- C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2205/17—Fisher Tropsch reaction products
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- C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
- C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
- C10N2020/02—Viscosity; Viscosity index
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- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
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- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种用于改善液压系统中的润滑油的空气释放的方法,所述方法包含将所述润滑油供应到所述液压系统。所述空气释放根据ASTM D3427测量。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于改善液压系统中的润滑油的空气释放的方法。
背景技术
液压系统需要润滑油来保护、润滑和帮助传输动力。液压系统设计的当前趋势是朝着更小的油藏、低油停留时间和高功率输出发展。这些变化导致了空气夹带问题的增加。空气夹带是一种现象,其中气泡(通常具有小于1mm的直径)分散在整个润滑油中。夹带的空气可以与自由空气(被困在系统的一部分中的一包空气)、溶解空气(润滑油可能含有在6体积%与12体积%之间的溶解空气)和泡沫(通常直径大于1mm的聚集在油表面上的气泡)区分开来。空气夹带会产生许多不利后果,包括损失润滑性、润滑油可能氧化、操作噪音大、效率降低以及油温升高。
通常使用ASTM D3427空气释放测试来测量润滑油的空气夹带特性。所述测试测量在测试条件下和在指定温度下,油中夹带的空气体积减少到0.2%所需的时间。
本发明人试图改善用于液压系统中的润滑油的空气夹带特性。
发明内容
因此,本发明提供了一种用于改善液压系统中的润滑油的空气释放的方法,所述方法包含:将所述润滑油供应到所述液压系统;
其中以所述润滑油的质量计,所述润滑油包含至少90质量%的基础油,并且其中以所述基础油的质量计,至少70质量%是GTL基础油;
其中所述GTL基础油在100℃下的粘度是2cSt到20cSt;
其中以所述润滑油的质量计,所述润滑油包含小于10质量%的添加剂;
其中所述润滑油在40℃的粘度是20cSt到100cSt;并且
其中空气释放量根据ASTM D3427测量并且与使用包含小于70质量%的GTL基础油的润滑油实现的空气释放相比得到改善。
本发明人已经发现,当润滑油中的基础油主要是GTL基础油时,实现了改善的空气释放。
具体实施方式
本发明提供了一种用于改善液压系统中的润滑油的空气释放的方法。在液压系统中,润滑油不仅用于润滑机械,还用于传递压力。空气夹带可能是液压系统中的一个特殊问题,导致液压系统的软绵感(spongy)或不稳定操作。
空气释放根据ASTM D3427(14a版本,2015)进行测量。使压缩空气吹过已加热到50℃温度的润滑油。在空气流动停止之后,将夹带在油中的空气体积减少到0.2%所需的时间记录为空气释放时间。所期望的空气释放值通常小于3分钟,优选小于60秒,且最优选小于20秒。
与使用包含少于70质量%的GTL基础油的润滑油实现的空气释放相比,空气释放得到改善。所述比较是在基本上等同的润滑油之间进行的,其中唯一的区别在于存在的GTL基础油的量。举例来说,应该在具有相同粘度和含有相同添加剂的润滑油之间进行比较。在比较润滑油中将存在更大量的非GTL基础油。非GTL基础油例如是来自API基础油类别的第I组、第II组或第III组的基础油。与具有小于70质量%的GTL基础油(并且其中GTL基础油已经被换成第I组、第II组或第III组的基础油)的润滑油相比,通过并入至少70质量%的GTL基础油,本发明人已经观察到改善的空气释放时间。
使用标准方法将润滑油供应到液压系统。
以润滑油的质量计,润滑油包含至少90质量%的基础油。以基础油的质量计,至少70质量%是GTL基础油。优选至少75质量%是GTL基础油。GTL基础油通过将天然气转化为液体燃料的费托法(Fischer-Tropsch method)合成。与从原油中精炼的矿物油基础油相比,它们的硫含量和芳香族含量都非常低,并具有非常高的石蜡构成比。以基础油的质量计,最多30质量%(并且优选最多25质量%)可以是另一种类型的基础油,包括选自美国石油学会(American Petroleum Institute,API)基础油类别的第I组、第II组和第III组的常规基础油。在本发明的一个实施例中,基础油包含至少10质量%选自第I组、第II组或第III组的基础油。
GTL基础油在100℃的运动粘度是2cSt到20cSt,优选3cSt到15cSt,且更优选3cSt到10cSt。粘度适宜使用ASTM D445测量。
以润滑油的质量计,润滑油包含小于10质量%的添加剂。优选地,添加剂的量小于5质量%。优选地,添加剂的量是至少0.5质量%。添加剂可以包括抗氧化剂、抗磨添加剂、破乳剂、乳化剂、防锈剂和腐蚀抑制剂、VI改善剂和/或摩擦改善剂。添加剂可以作为添加剂包供应,例如,无灰添加剂包或锌类添加剂包。
润滑油在40℃的运动粘度是20cSt到100cSt,优选25cSt到80cSt。运动粘度适宜使用ASTM D445(ASTM D7042)测量。这一粘度范围提供适用于液压系统的润滑油。
以下借助于实例进一步详细解释本发明,但本发明决不受这些实例的限制。
实例
实例1
使用三种基础油的组合制备十一种不同的基础油掺合物:
1)XHVI 8(可获自壳牌(Shell)的费托衍生油,其在100℃下的运动粘度约是8cSt)
2)Yubase 8(来自SK润滑油(SK Lubricants)的第III组基础油,其在100℃下的运动粘度约是8cSt)
3)Chevron 220R(来自雪佛龙(Chevron)的第II组基础油,其在100℃下的运动粘度约是8cSt)
使用ASTM D3427方法在50℃下测试基础油掺合物的空气释放时间。表1给出了每种掺合物中存在的每种基础油的量(以重量%为单位,以掺合物的总重量计)和在50℃下的空气释放时间。表1中的掺合物均是ISO 46。
表1
结果表明具有75重量%到100重量%GTL(掺合物1、2、9、10和11)的掺合物的空气释放非常快。GTL低于70%的所有其他掺合物的空气释放时间明显较慢。
实例2
空气释放时间通常被认为随着添加剂的加入而变差。为了证明根据本发明的完全配制的液压油能抵抗空气释放的变化,使用XHVI 8(可获自壳牌的费托衍生油,其在100℃下的粘度约是8cSt)和不同量的下列任一项制备掺合物:
添加剂包1(无灰添加剂包)
添加剂包2(锌类添加剂包)
表2给出了每种添加剂包与XHVI 8的掺合物组成(以重量%为单位,以掺合物的总重量计)和相应的空气释放时间:
表2
结果表明添加剂包(无灰或锌类)不会显著影响润滑油的空气释放特性。
Claims (6)
1.一种用于改善液压系统中的润滑油的空气释放的方法,所述方法包含:将所述润滑油供应到所述液压系统;
其中以所述润滑油的质量计,所述润滑油包含至少90质量%的基础油,并且其中以所述基础油的质量计,至少70质量%是GTL基础油;
其中所述GTL基础油在100℃下的粘度是2cSt到20cSt;
其中以所述润滑油的质量计,所述润滑油包含小于10质量%的添加剂;
其中所述润滑油在40℃的粘度是20cSt到100cSt;并且
其中空气释放量根据ASTM D3427测量并且与使用包含小于70质量%的GTL基础油的润滑油实现的空气释放相比得到改善。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述基础油包含至少10质量%的选自第I组、第II组或第III组的基础油。
3.根据权利要求1或权利要求2所述的方法,其中所述GTL基础油在100℃下的粘度是3cSt到10cSt。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其中以所述润滑油的质量计,所述润滑油包含小于5质量%的添加剂。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其中以所述润滑油的质量计,所述润滑油包含至少0.5质量%的添加剂。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其中所述润滑油在40℃下的粘度是25cSt到80cSt。
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US201562259157P | 2015-11-24 | 2015-11-24 | |
US62/259,157 | 2015-11-24 | ||
PCT/EP2016/078469 WO2017089357A1 (en) | 2015-11-24 | 2016-11-22 | Method for improving the air release of a lubricating oil in a hydraulic system |
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EP (1) | EP3380595A1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP7190353B2 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN108350388A (zh) |
BR (1) | BR112018010648B1 (zh) |
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- 2016-11-22 BR BR112018010648-8A patent/BR112018010648B1/pt active IP Right Grant
- 2016-11-22 RU RU2018122790A patent/RU2730514C2/ru active
- 2016-11-22 WO PCT/EP2016/078469 patent/WO2017089357A1/en active Application Filing
- 2016-11-22 EP EP16798540.7A patent/EP3380595A1/en active Pending
- 2016-11-22 CN CN201680068016.3A patent/CN108350388A/zh active Pending
- 2016-11-22 US US15/777,724 patent/US20180334633A1/en not_active Abandoned
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WO2017089357A1 (en) | 2017-06-01 |
EP3380595A1 (en) | 2018-10-03 |
BR112018010648B1 (pt) | 2020-11-17 |
RU2018122790A (ru) | 2019-12-25 |
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RU2018122790A3 (zh) | 2020-03-17 |
JP2018535308A (ja) | 2018-11-29 |
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BR112018010648A8 (pt) | 2019-02-26 |
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