CN108350304A - 水性胶乳基涂料组合物 - Google Patents
水性胶乳基涂料组合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN108350304A CN108350304A CN201680065676.6A CN201680065676A CN108350304A CN 108350304 A CN108350304 A CN 108350304A CN 201680065676 A CN201680065676 A CN 201680065676A CN 108350304 A CN108350304 A CN 108350304A
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- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TYQCGQRIZGCHNB-JLAZNSOCSA-N l-ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(O)=C(O)C1=O TYQCGQRIZGCHNB-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000001400 nonyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 1
- AXLMPTNTPOWPLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enyl 3-oxobutanoate Chemical compound CC(=O)CC(=O)OCC=C AXLMPTNTPOWPLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- BOQSSGDQNWEFSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-2-yl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(C)OC(=O)C(C)=C BOQSSGDQNWEFSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LYBIZMNPXTXVMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-2-yl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(C)OC(=O)C=C LYBIZMNPXTXVMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KCXFHTAICRTXLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N propane-1-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CCCS(O)(=O)=O KCXFHTAICRTXLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SUVIGLJNEAMWEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N propane-1-thiol Chemical compound CCCS SUVIGLJNEAMWEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NHARPDSAXCBDDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)C(C)=C NHARPDSAXCBDDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OSFBJERFMQCEQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylidene Chemical group [CH]CC OSFBJERFMQCEQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003233 pyrroles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- IZMJMCDDWKSTTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinoline yellow Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=NC(C3C(C4=CC=CC=C4C3=O)=O)=CC=C21 IZMJMCDDWKSTTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010526 radical polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 102220032811 rs367543159 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007790 scraping Methods 0.000 description 1
- DCKVNWZUADLDEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N sec-butyl acetate Chemical compound CCC(C)OC(C)=O DCKVNWZUADLDEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- FQENQNTWSFEDLI-UHFFFAOYSA-J sodium diphosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O FQENQNTWSFEDLI-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- JVBXVOWTABLYPX-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium dithionite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S(=O)S([O-])=O JVBXVOWTABLYPX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- GCLGEJMYGQKIIW-UHFFFAOYSA-H sodium hexametaphosphate Chemical compound [Na]OP1(=O)OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])O1 GCLGEJMYGQKIIW-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 229940057950 sodium laureth sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium nitrate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CHQMHPLRPQMAMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium persulfate Substances [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O CHQMHPLRPQMAMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- NNMHYFLPFNGQFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium polyacrylate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C(=O)C=C NNMHYFLPFNGQFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000019830 sodium polyphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940048086 sodium pyrophosphate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- PIZUXOAXCZQZDB-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;2-(prop-2-enoylamino)propane-1-sulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)CC(C)NC(=O)C=C PIZUXOAXCZQZDB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- SXHLENDCVBIJFO-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;2-[2-(2-dodecoxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethyl sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCOCCOCCOCCOS([O-])(=O)=O SXHLENDCVBIJFO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- MZSDGDXXBZSFTG-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;benzenesulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 MZSDGDXXBZSFTG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000001256 steam distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCC(O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003784 tall oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011975 tartaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000002906 tartaric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- SJMYWORNLPSJQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OC(C)(C)C SJMYWORNLPSJQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GJBRNHKUVLOCEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl benzenecarboperoxoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 GJBRNHKUVLOCEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BWSZXUOMATYHHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl octaneperoxoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCC(=O)OOC(C)(C)C BWSZXUOMATYHHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ISXSCDLOGDJUNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(=O)C=C ISXSCDLOGDJUNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019818 tetrasodium diphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001577 tetrasodium phosphonato phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- CWERGRDVMFNCDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N thioglycolic acid Chemical class OC(=O)CS CWERGRDVMFNCDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003396 thiol group Chemical group [H]S* 0.000 description 1
- 239000001038 titanium pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-crotonic acid Natural products CC=CC(O)=O LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UMFJXASDGBJDEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy(prop-2-enyl)silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](CC=C)(OCC)OCC UMFJXASDGBJDEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002948 undecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 210000002700 urine Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000002966 varnish Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003245 working effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001285 xanthan gum Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- NDKWCCLKSWNDBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;dioxido(dioxo)chromium Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O NDKWCCLKSWNDBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D133/00—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09D133/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters
- C09D133/06—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters of esters containing only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, the oxygen atom being present only as part of the carboxyl radical
- C09D133/10—Homopolymers or copolymers of methacrylic acid esters
- C09D133/12—Homopolymers or copolymers of methyl methacrylate
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F2/00—Processes of polymerisation
- C08F2/12—Polymerisation in non-solvents
- C08F2/16—Aqueous medium
- C08F2/22—Emulsion polymerisation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F2/00—Processes of polymerisation
- C08F2/38—Polymerisation using regulators, e.g. chain terminating agents, e.g. telomerisation
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- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
- C09D7/40—Additives
- C09D7/41—Organic pigments; Organic dyes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
- C09D7/40—Additives
- C09D7/48—Stabilisers against degradation by oxygen, light or heat
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
- C09D7/40—Additives
- C09D7/60—Additives non-macromolecular
- C09D7/61—Additives non-macromolecular inorganic
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/01—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients characterized by their specific function
- C08K3/013—Fillers, pigments or reinforcing additives
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/0008—Organic ingredients according to more than one of the "one dot" groups of C08K5/01 - C08K5/59
- C08K5/0041—Optical brightening agents, organic pigments
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Paints Or Removers (AREA)
Abstract
水性涂料组合物包含(a)通过至少一种烯属不饱和单体在链转移剂存在下的乳液聚合形成的水性聚合物分散体,其中所述聚合物具有小于60的Fikentscher K值;(b)至少一种有机颜料;和(c)至少一种无机填料。
Description
技术领域
本开发涉及水性胶乳基涂料组合物和尤其涉及用于外立面应用的深色光或色彩的油漆和灰泥。
背景技术
胶乳基涂料组合物因为这样的组合物具有超过溶剂基产品的许多有利之处已占据了室内和户外油漆和灰泥市场的很大一部分。胶乳基涂料组合物的主要的有利之处包括易于清洁、低气味和快速干燥。
胶乳基涂料组合物典型地由至少三种组分构成:包含水性聚合物分散体的胶乳粘结剂、一种或更多种颜料以及一种或更多种填料。另外的成分可以包括聚结助剂、增稠助剂、分散助剂、消泡剂、杀生物剂等,以改进产物性质。在过去,传统上将白色油漆和灰泥用于涂饰和保护建筑物的外表面。然而最近已越来越多地关注更多色彩的油漆和涂饰。因此特别是围绕褪色问题(即在建筑物的立面上这些油漆和涂饰随着时间的颜色的不期望的变浅)发展出新的问题。采用某些色光,如蓝色和红色,该问题可能特别明显,经常在仅一两年之后导致明显的颜色损失。光,热,湿度和大气污染物如臭氧、SO2和NOX是促成褪色问题的主要因素。
可以将颜料分成两个主要种类:无机和有机颜料。无机颜料的实例是各种金属氧化物如C.I.颜料红101、C.I.颜料黄42、C.I.颜料棕6、C.I.颜料白4和C.I.颜料白6。有机颜料类别的实例是蒽醌、偶氮、二酮吡咯并吡咯、二噁嗪、靛蒽醌、靛蓝、异吲哚啉、异吲哚啉酮、苝、酞菁、喹吖啶酮和喹诺酞酮(quinophthalone)类别。炭黑虽然含有碳,但是通常并不认为其是有机颜料。
有机颜料典型地提供与无机颜料相比改进的色光的辉度和彩色强度并且因此在需要强烈的颜色时是有利的。然而,有机颜料通常不如无机颜料稳定并且甚至在与白色氧化钛颜料或与填料组合以提高遮盖力和涂饰的颜色深度时倾向于更快速地褪色。
因此,存在对胶乳基外墙涂料组合物的新的配制剂,特别是含有有机颜料的那些的显著需求,其不太易于由于光、热、湿度和空气污染物而褪色。
经证实影响胶乳基涂料组合物的色光稳定性的一个重要因素是聚合物型粘结剂的组成。例如,国际专利公开号WO2014/075969公开了可以通过使用包含以下的水性聚合物分散体改进含有有机颜料的涂料组合物的保色性:(a)至少两种具有>25℃的玻璃化转变温度的单体M1,如苯乙烯/甲基丙烯酸甲酯或甲基丙烯酸环己酯/甲基丙烯酸甲酯,和(b)至少两种具有<25℃的玻璃化转变温度的单体M2,如丙烯酸正丁酯/丙烯酸2-乙基己酯。
根据本发明,现已发现,使用在链转移剂存在下产生和含有非常低分子量的聚合物的聚合物分散体明显改进了含有有机颜料的胶乳基外墙涂料组合物的保色性。这是出人意料的,因为本领域中的通常理解是对于聚合物稳定性而言需要较高的分子量。
发明内容
在一个方面,本发明在于外墙涂料组合物,其包含:
(a)水性聚合物分散体,其通过至少一种烯属不饱和单体在链转移剂存在下的乳液聚合形成,其中所述聚合物具有小于60,优选小于55,最优选小于50的Fikentscher K值;
(b)至少一种有机颜料;和
(c)至少一种无机填料。
在另一方面,本发明在于外墙涂料组合物,其包含:
(a)水性聚合物分散体,其通过至少两种烯属不饱和单体的多阶段乳液聚合形成,其中在至少一个聚合阶段中的聚合物在链转移剂存在下产生并且在单独聚合和分析时具有小于60,优选小于55,最优选小于50的Fikentscher K值,和其中具有小于60的Fikentscher K值的一种或多种聚合物占分散体中的总聚合物的至少30重量%,优选至少50重量%;
(b)至少一种有机颜料;和
(c)至少一种无机填料。
在一些实施方案中,水性涂料组合物进一步包含至少一种受阻胺光稳定剂。
在另外的方面,本发明在于本文中所描述的外墙涂料组合物作为立面油漆或灰泥或抹灰的用途。
具体实施方式
本文中描述的是外墙涂料组合物,其包含(a)至少一种烯属不饱和单体的水性乳液聚合物分散体,其中所述聚合物在链转移剂存在下产生并且具有小于60,优选小于55,最优选小于50的Fikentscher K值;连同(b)一种或更多种有机颜料,和(c)一种或更多种无机填料。涂料组合物可以任选地还包括一种或更多种无机颜料和一种或更多种常规地用于油漆和灰泥中的助剂。当作为立面油漆或灰泥或抹灰施加至建筑物的外表面时,本涂料组合物提供具有优异的保色性的涂层。
如DIN EN ISO 1628-1中所引用,Fikentscher K值是聚合物的平均分子量的基于粘度的评价。其通过测量聚合物在合适的溶剂中在给定浓度c(以g/100mL计)的相对粘度ηr获得并且根据以下方程式(I)计算:
在恒定测量条件(溶剂和温度)下,无量纲的K值与分子量成正比。对于本文中提及的K值,将N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮用作溶剂并且在20℃进行粘度测量。
聚合物分散体
用于本发明的涂料组合物中的水性乳液聚合物分散体可以通过能够经历自由基聚合的任意期望的烯属不饱和单体或其混合物的乳液聚合产生。
通常,本文中所使用的单体选自烯属不饱和羧酸的酯、乙烯基芳族化合物和乙烯基酯及其混合物作为主单体。使用含有烯属不饱和羧酸的酯和/或乙烯基芳族化合物的单体混合物作为主单体是特别优选的。主单体以大于50pphm,通常70至99.9pphm的量存在,其中pphm意指每百重量份用于乳液聚合过程的总单体的重量份(主单体)。
合适的用于本文中的烯属不饱和羧酸的酯包括烯属不饱和羧酸,如丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、马来酸和富马酸的C1-C18烷基酯。实例包括丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸乙酯、丙烯酸正丙酯、丙烯酸异丙酯、丙烯酸正丁酯、丙烯酸叔丁酯、丙烯酸1-己酯、丙烯酸2-乙基己酯、丙烯酸庚酯、丙烯酸辛酯、丙烯酸2-丙基戊酯、丙烯酸1-丙基庚酯、丙烯酸月桂酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、乙基丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸正丙酯、甲基丙烯酸异丙酯、甲基丙烯酸正丁酯、甲基丙烯酸异丁酯、甲基丙烯酸叔丁酯和甲基丙烯酸环己酯。
合适的用于本文中的乙烯基芳族化合物包括乙烯基甲苯、α-甲基苯乙烯和对-甲基苯乙烯、α-丁基苯乙烯、4-正丁基苯乙烯,并且最优选苯乙烯。
合适的用于本文中的乙烯基酯包括具有1至18个碳原子的支化和未支化的羧酸的乙烯基酯,如甲酸乙烯酯、乙酸乙烯酯、丙酸乙烯酯、异丁酸乙烯酯、戊酸乙烯酯、新戊酸乙烯酯、2-乙基己酸乙烯酯、癸酸乙烯酯、乙酸异丙酯和酸的乙烯酯。
在一些实施方案中,本文中所使用的主单体包括(i)一种或更多种丙烯酸和/或甲基丙烯酸的C1-C18烷基酯,和(ii)苯乙烯,其中所述苯乙烯以至多10pphm,如2至10pphm的量存在。
在一些实施方案中,用于本文中的主单体包括(i)至少一种单体和在一些情况下至少两种单体,其均聚物具有大于或等于25℃的玻璃化转变温度(Tg),和(ii)至少一种单体和在一些情况下至少两种单体,其均聚物具有小于25℃的玻璃化转变温度(Tg)。大部分单体的均聚物的Tg值是已知的并且列于例如Ullmann's Encyclopedia of IndustrialChemistry,第A21卷,第169页,第5版,VCH Weinheim,1992中。然后可以使用Fox方程式计算共聚物的Tg值,1/Tg=w1/Tg,1+w2/Tg,2+…+wn/Tg,n,其中w1,w2,…,wn是单体1,2,…,n的重量份额,和Tg,1,Tg2,…,Tg,n是它们的各均聚物的玻璃化转变温度(以开尔文计)。在一些实施方案中,本文中所产生的共聚物具有-10至40℃,优选0至30℃的计算的Tg值。
除了上文列出的主单体以外,用于产生用于本发明的涂料组合物中的聚合物分散体的单体组合物可以包括至多10pphm,如0.5至5pphm的一种或更多种酸单体,所述酸单体包括烯属不饱和羧酸或其酸酐或酰胺、烯属不饱和磺酸或烯属不饱和膦酸或磷酸的至少一种。
例如,酸单体可以包括烯属不饱和C3-C8单羧酸和/或烯属不饱和C4-C8二羧酸,连同其酸酐或酰胺。合适的烯属不饱和C3-C8单羧酸的实例包括丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸和巴豆酸。合适的烯属不饱和C4-C8二羧酸的实例包括马来酸、富马酸、衣康酸和柠康酸。
合适的烯属不饱和磺酸的实例包括具有2-8个碳原子的那些,如乙烯基磺酸、2-丙烯酰氨基-2-甲基丙磺酸、2-丙烯酰氧基乙磺酸和2-甲基丙烯酰氧基乙磺酸、2-丙烯酰氧基丙磺酸和3-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙磺酸。合适的烯属不饱和膦酸或磷酸的实例包括乙烯基膦酸、膦酸或磷酸与羟烷基(甲基)丙烯酸酯的酯和烯属不饱和聚乙氧基烷基醚磷酸酯。
除了所述酸以外或替代所述酸,还可以使用其盐,优选其碱金属或铵盐,特别优选其钠盐,例如乙烯基磺酸的钠盐和2-丙烯酰氨基丙磺酸的钠盐。
另外地或替代地,用于产生本文中所使用的聚合物分散体的单体组合物可以包括至多10pphm,如0.5至5pphm的一种或更多种官能共聚单体,其适合于通过最终涂料组合物促进更好的膜或涂层性能。这样的期望的膜/涂层性质可以包括例如对表面或基材的增强的粘合性、改进的湿粘合性、对由于刮擦或其它类型的风化或摩擦的去除的更好抗性,和对膜或涂层开裂的改进的抗性。可用于引入本文中的组合物的乳液共聚物中的任选的共聚单体是含有一个可聚合的双键连同一个或更多个另外的官能结构部分的那些。这样的任选的或辅助的共聚单体可以包括不饱和硅烷共聚单体、缩水甘油基共聚单体、脲基共聚单体、羰基官能的单体以及这些辅助的任选的共聚单体的组合。
可用作任选的共聚单体的不饱和硅烷通常可以对应于结构式I的经取代的硅烷:
其中,R表示在ω-位不饱和的烯属有机基团,和R1、R2和R3可以相同或不同,表示基团-OZ,Z表示氢或任选被烷氧基取代的伯或仲烷基或酰基基团。合适的式I的不饱和硅烷化合物优选为其中所述式中的基团R表示如下的那些:2至10个碳原子,特别是2至4个碳原子的ω-不饱和烯基,或携带Si基团的由至多4个碳原子的不饱和羧酸和至多6个碳原子的醇形成的ω-不饱和羧酸酯。合适的基团R1、R2、R3优选为基团-OZ,Z表示至多10个碳原子、优选至多4个碳原子的伯和/或仲烷基,或被烷氧基取代的优选至多3个碳原子的烷基,或至多6个碳原子、优选至多3个碳原子的酰基,或氢。最优选的不饱和硅烷共聚单体是乙烯基三烷氧基硅烷。
优选的式I的硅烷化合物的实例包括γ-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三(2-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷、乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷、乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷、乙烯基二乙氧基硅烷醇、乙烯基乙氧基硅烷二醇、烯丙基三乙氧基硅烷、乙烯基三丙氧基硅烷、乙烯基三异丙氧基硅烷、乙烯基三丁氧基硅烷、乙烯基三乙酰氧基硅烷、三甲基甘醇乙烯基硅烷、γ-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲基甘醇硅烷、γ-丙烯酰氧基丙基三乙氧基硅烷和γ-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷.
也可以将缩水甘油基化合物用作任选的官能共聚单体,以将环氧基官能团赋予乳液共聚物。任选的合适的缩水甘油基共聚单体的实例包括丙烯酸缩水甘油基酯、甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油基酯、烯丙基缩水甘油基醚和乙烯基缩水甘油基醚。
另一类型的官能共聚单体包括环状脲基共聚单体。已知环状脲基共聚单体将改进的湿粘合性质赋予由含有这些共聚单体的共聚物形成的膜和涂层。环状脲基化合物和它们作为湿粘合性促进共聚单体的用途公开于美国专利号4,104,220;4,111,877;4,219,454;4,319,032;4,599,417和5,208,285中。全部这些美国专利的公开内容通过引用以其全文并入本文。
其它合适的官能共聚单体包括含有一个或更多个羰基结构部分的不饱和化合物。这样的合适的共聚单体的实例包括二丙酮丙烯酰胺(DAAM)、可聚合的1,3-二羰基化合物和可聚合的1,3-二酮酰胺。合适的可聚合的1,3-二羰基化合物包括丙烯酸乙酰乙酰氧基乙酯、甲基丙烯酸乙酰乙酰氧基乙酯(AAEM)、甲基丙烯酸乙酰乙酰氧基丙酯、甲基丙烯酸乙酰乙酰氧基丁酯、甲基丙烯酸2,3-二(乙酰乙酰氧基)丙酯和乙酰乙酸烯丙酯。已知这样的单体将改进的湿粘合性质赋予涂料组合物,特别是在醇酸树脂基材上(参见DE2535372A1)。合适的可聚合的1,3-二酮酰胺包括美国专利号5,889,098中所描述的那些化合物,所述专利通过引用并入本文。该类型的化合物的实例包括酰氨基乙酰丙酮酸酯,如酰氨基乙酰乙酸3-异丙烯基-α,α-二甲基苄酯、酰氨基乙酰乙酸4-异丙烯基-α,α-二甲基苄酯、酰氨基乙酰乙酸4-亚乙基-苯酯等。
任选地,用于本发明的方法中的单体组合物还可以含有至多3pphm,如0.1至2pphm的具有至少两个非共轭的烯属不饱和基团的单体。这样的交联共聚单体包括三烯丙基氰尿酸酯、三烯丙基异氰尿酸酯、马来酸二烯丙酯、富马酸二烯丙酯、二乙烯基苯、邻苯二甲酸二烯丙酯、己二醇二丙烯酸酯、乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯和聚乙二醇二丙烯酸酯。
通过上述单体在水性介质中以及在一种或更多种自由基引发剂存在下的自由基乳液聚合产生期望的聚合物分散体。聚合可以在单个阶段中或在多个阶段中进行。在每个阶段中产生的聚合物可以具有恒定的或变化的Tg。优选进行聚合,使得获得具有一个限定的Tg的分散体。合适的自由基引发剂包括过氧化氢、过氧化苯甲酰、过氧化环己酮、异丙基过氧化氢异丙苯、钾的过硫酸盐、钠的过硫酸盐和铵的过硫酸盐、具有偶数个碳原子和C8-C12链长度的饱和一元脂族羧酸的过氧化物、叔丁基氢过氧化物、二叔丁基过氧化物、过碳酸二异丙酯、偶氮异丁腈、乙酰基环己烷磺酰基过氧化物、过苯甲酸叔丁酯、过辛酸叔丁酯、过氧化双(3,5,5-三甲基)己酰、过氧化新戊酸叔丁酯、氢过氧化蒎烷、过氧化氢对烷(p-methane)。还可以将上述化合物用于使用过渡金属盐,如铁(II)盐或其它还原剂的氧化还原体系中。也可以将氧基甲烷亚磺酸的碱金属盐、羟基胺盐、二烷基二硫代氨基甲酸钠、亚硫酸氢钠、亚硫酸氢铵、连二亚硫酸钠、二异丙基黄原二硫化物、抗坏血酸、酒石酸和异抗坏血酸用作还原剂。
在所述或每个聚合阶段中的条件通常包括40至120℃,优选50至110℃,且最优选60至95℃之间的温度。不管在一个或两个或更多个阶段中进行聚合,都布置聚合条件使得在至少一个聚合阶段中通过至少一种烯属不饱和单体在一种或更多种链转移剂存在下的乳液聚合产生的聚合物在单独聚合和分析时具有小于60,优选小于55,最优选小于50的Fikentscher K值。在多阶段聚合或梯度进料聚合或幂级进料聚合(后两种生成具有梯度改变的组成的聚合物)的情况下,具有小于60的Fikentscher K值的聚合物级分可以占聚合物混合物的至少30%,优选至少50%。
通过在单体混合物中包括0.02至3pphm,如0.05至1pphm的链转移剂达到期望的低分子量聚合物。根据IUPAC,链转移剂是能够通过其中使原始链载体失活并且产生新的链载体的反应与链载体反应的物质(Pure Appl.Chem.,第82卷,第2期,第483–491页,2010)。链转移剂的重要类别列于Handbook of Radical Polymerization,K.Matyjaszewski,T.P.Davis,Wiley-Interscience,2003中。优选的链转移剂是具有一个或多个硫醇基团的硫醇,如甲硫醇、乙硫醇、正丙硫醇、正丁硫醇、正己硫醇、正辛硫醇、正癸硫醇、正十二烷基硫醇、正十四烷基硫醇、正十六烷基硫醇、正十八烷基硫醇、环己硫醇、异丙基硫醇、叔丁硫醇、叔壬硫醇、叔十二硫醇、4-甲基苯硫醇、2-巯基丙酸、3-巯基丙酸异辛酯、4,4’-硫代双苯硫醇、季戊四醇四(2-巯基乙酸酯)和季戊四醇四(3-巯基丙酸酯)。
本发明的乳液聚合方法在稳定化体系存在下进行,所述稳定化体系包括选自保护胶体、阴离子型和/或非离子型表面活性剂及其混合物的一种或更多种稳定剂。通常,一种或多种稳定剂在水性聚合混合物中以介于0.5和15重量%之间的量存在,基于混合物中的一种或多种单体的总重量计。优选的是表面活性剂稳定剂。
可用作本发明的方法中的稳定剂的合适的非离子型表面活性剂包括聚氧亚乙基缩合物,尽管通常优选使基于烷基酚(APE)的乙氧基化的非离子物质的使用最小化。出于本发明的目的,如果分散体和涂料组合物含有小于500ppm的烷基酚乙氧基化物,则认为它们基本上不含APE。可以使用的示例性聚氧亚乙基缩合物包括聚氧亚乙基脂族醚,如聚氧亚乙基月桂醚和聚氧亚乙基油烯基醚;聚氧亚乙基烷芳基醚,如聚氧亚乙基壬基酚醚和聚氧亚乙基辛基酚醚;高级脂肪酸的聚氧亚乙基酯,如聚氧亚乙基月桂酸酯和聚氧亚乙基油酸酯,以及氧化乙烯与树脂酸和妥尔油酸的缩合物;聚氧亚乙基酰胺和胺缩合物,如N-聚氧亚乙基月桂酰胺,和N-月桂基-N-聚氧亚乙基胺等;和聚氧亚乙基硫醚,如聚氧亚乙基正十二烷基硫醚。
可以使用的非离子型表面活性剂还包括以PluronicTM和TetronicTM商标名可得自BASF的一系列表面活性试剂。Pluronic表面活性剂是通过将PO受控地加成至丙二醇的两个羟基而制备的氧化乙烯(EO)/氧化丙烯(PO)/氧化乙烯嵌段共聚物。然后加成EO,以将该疏水物以占最终分子的10%至80%(w/w)的长度受控地夹在两个亲水性基团之间。PO/EO/PO嵌段共聚物还以商标名Pluronic可得并且通过将EO加成至乙二醇以提供指定分子量的亲水物而制备。然后加成PO,以获得在分子外部上的疏水嵌段。Tetronic表面活性剂是来源于PO和EO顺序加成至亚乙基二胺的四官能嵌段共聚物。通过将EO和PO顺序加成至亚乙基二胺产生Tetronic表面活性剂。此外,由Air Products以商标名SurfynolTM市售的一系列炔属二醇的氧化乙烯加合物适合作为非离子型表面活性剂。非离子型表面活性剂的另外的实例包括DisponilTM A 3065(醇乙氧基化物)、EmulsogenTM EPN 407(具有40个EO的烷基聚二醇醚)和EmulsogenTM EPN 287(具有28个EO的烷基聚二醇醚)。
合适的阴离子型表面活性剂包括烷基磺酸盐、芳基磺酸盐或烷基芳基磺酸盐以及烷基硫酸盐、芳基硫酸盐或烷基芳基硫酸盐,烷基磷酸盐、芳基磷酸盐或烷基芳基磷酸盐,或烷基膦酸盐、芳基膦酸盐或烷基芳基膦酸盐,由此低聚氧化乙烯或聚合氧化乙烯单元可以位于烃基团和阴离子基团之间。可以通过组合非离子型和阴离子型表面活性剂使聚合物分散体稳定化。优选地,通过单独的阴离子型表面活性剂使分散体稳定化。阴离子型表面活性剂的典型实例包括月桂基硫酸钠、十一烷基二醇醚硫酸钠、辛基酚二醇醚硫酸钠、十二烷基苯磺酸钠、月桂基醚硫酸钠和三叔丁基酚二醇醚硫酸铵。优选的阴离子型表面活性剂是不包括APE结构单元的那些。
还适合作为本发明的分散体的稳定剂的是可共聚的非离子型和阴离子型表面活性剂,如US 2014/0243552中所公开的那些。其它合适的可共聚的表面活性剂以商标名Hitenol BC、Hitenol KH、Adeka Reasoap SR和Adeka Reasoap ER销售。
常规地,替代表面活性剂乳化剂或除了表面活性剂乳化剂,还已将许多保护胶体,如羧甲基纤维素(CMC)、羟乙基纤维素(HEC)和其它常规的形成保护胶体的材料用于使上文描述的类型的聚合物胶乳组合物稳定化。在一个实施方案中,本文中的分散体和组合物可以含有至多约5重量%的保护胶体稳定化试剂,基于被稳定的分散体或组合物中的共聚物的总量计。
在另一实施方案中,本文中的分散体和组合物可以基本上不含这样的保护胶体作为稳定化试剂。如果基于被稳定化的分散体中的共聚物的总量计,保护胶体占分散体的不超过0.5重量%,则认为这样的分散体“基本上不含”保护胶体。
在完成聚合时,随后可以是另外的,优选化学后处理,特别是采用氧化还原催化剂,例如上述氧化性试剂和还原性试剂的组合,以减少产物上的残余的未反应的单体的水平。此外,可以以已知的方式移除残余的单体,例如通过物理脱单体化(demonomerization),即蒸馏去除,特别是借助于蒸汽蒸馏或通过用惰性气体汽提。特别有效的组合使用物理和化学方法二者,其允许将残余单体降低至非常低的含量(<1000ppm,优选<100ppm)。
由本发明的方法产生的聚合的颗粒典型地具有小于200nm,优选小于150nm的重均直径,如通过使用Beckman Coulter LS 13320粒度分析仪的极化强度差示散射(PIDS)和激光衍射的组合测量。
除了本文中所描述的单体以外,最终聚合物还可以含有水溶性交联剂。随着从本文中的涂料组合物中去除水和随着由聚合的组分形成膜或涂层,这样的交联剂将会与特定的聚合物官能团,如羰基或1,3-二羰基反应。
可以用于本文中的组合物中的水溶性交联剂的类型包括含有至少两个肼和/或酰肼结构部分的化合物。特别合适的是2至10个,尤其是4至6个碳原子的脂族二羧酸的二肼化合物,例如草酸二酰肼、丙二酸二酰肼、琥珀酸二酰肼、戊二酸二酰肼、己二酸二酰肼、癸二酸二酰肼、马来酸二酰肼、富马酸二酰肼和/或衣康酸二酰肼。2至4个碳原子的水溶性脂族二肼,例如亚乙基-1,2-二肼、亚丙基-1,3-二肼或亚丁基-1,4-二肼也是可溶的。己二酸二酰肼(ADH)是用于本文中的组合物,特别是由含有二丙酮丙烯酰胺(DAAM)的单体组合物产生的那些中的优选的水溶性交联剂。
其它合适的水溶性交联剂是含有至少两个胺官能结构部分的化合物,如乙二胺和己二胺。这样的交联剂优选与包含1,3-二羰基的聚合物,如甲基丙烯酸乙酰乙酰氧基乙酯(AAEM)组合。
通常,将这样的水溶性交联剂后添加至分散体,使得交联剂官能团比聚合物官能团的摩尔比为介于约0.1与约2.0之间。更优选地,共混物中的交联剂官能团比共聚物官能团的摩尔比将为介于约0.5与2.0之间。
在聚合之后,典型地将分散体中和至碱性pH。这可以例如通过添加有机或无机碱,如胺、氨或碱金属氢氧化物,如氢氧化钾来完成。在一些实施方案中,优选的是采用不含氮的碱来进行中和。
通过本发明的方法产生的水性聚合物分散体通常具有30至70重量%,优选40至55重量%的固含量。在一些实施方案中,可能希望在聚合物分散体最终用作涂料组合物之前由它们制备水再分散性聚合物粉末。这常规地通过干燥水性分散体,然后任选添加保护胶体作为喷雾助剂,例如借助于流化床干燥、冻干或喷雾干燥来实现。优选地,将分散体喷雾干燥。在标准喷雾干燥单元中进行喷雾干燥,在所述单元中可以借助于单流体、双流体或多流体喷嘴或采用旋转盘进行雾化。经选择的离开温度通常在45℃至120℃,优选60℃至90℃范围内,这取决于所述单元、树脂的Tg和期望的干燥程度。
有机颜料
除了聚合物分散体以外,本文中所描述的涂料组合物包括一种或更多种有机颜料。可以使用任意已知的有机颜料,但合适的有机颜料的实例包括乌贼染料、藤黄、卡塞尔褐、甲苯胺红、对位红、汉萨黄,以及基于以下的颜料类别:蒽嵌蒽醌(例如,C.I.颜料红168)、偶氮(例如,C.I.颜料黄74、C.I.颜料红112、C.I.颜料红101和C.I.颜料橙36)、二酮吡咯并吡咯(例如,C.I.颜料红254)、二噁嗪(例如,C.I.颜料紫23)、靛蒽醌、靛蓝、异吲哚啉、异吲哚啉酮、紫环酮(例如,C.I.颜料橙43)、酞菁(例如,C.I.颜料绿7和C.I.颜料蓝15)、喹吖啶酮、苯并咪唑酮(例如,C.I.颜料黄154)和喹诺酞酮。典型地,本发明的涂料组合物包含0.1至7重量%,如0.2至5重量%的有机颜料。
本发明的聚合物分散体特别适合于防止含有成本有效但光敏的颜料,如基于偶氮或二酮吡咯并吡咯类别的那些颜料的涂层的褪色。
在一些实施方案中,本发明的涂料组合物除了有机颜料以外还包括无机颜料。合适的无机颜料的实例包括无机白色颜料,如二氧化钛(优选金红石形式)、硫酸钡、氧化锌、硫化锌、碱性碳酸铅、三氧化锑和锌钡白(硫化锌+硫酸钡)以及彩色的无机颜料,如铁氧化物、炭黑、石墨、锌黄、锌绿、群青、锰黑、锑黑、锰紫、巴黎蓝和巴黎绿(Schweinfurtergreen)。无机颜料可以以涂料组合物的0至25重量%的量存在。
无机填料
除了聚合物分散体和有机颜料以外,本文中所描述的涂料组合物还包括一种或更多种无机填料。合适的无机填料包括例如铝硅酸盐,如长石,硅酸盐,如高岭土,滑石,云母,菱镁矿,碱土金属碳酸盐,如碳酸钙(例如作为方解石或白垩的形式),碳酸镁,白云石,碱土金属硫酸盐,如硫酸钙,二氧化硅等。在油漆中,细分的填料是优选的,即具有2至10μm的平均粒度,而对于灰泥和抹灰,使用具有10μm至3mm的平均粒度的更粗的填料。
可以将填料作为单独的组分使用。还已发现,填料的混合物,例如碳酸钙/高岭土和碳酸钙/高岭土/滑石在实践中特别有用。为了增加涂料的遮盖力以及为了节约二氧化钛,频繁地使用细分的填料,例如细分的碳酸钙和具有不同粒度分布的各种碳酸钙的混合物。通常将经煅烧的粘土用于增加膜干不透明度,因为它们帮助将空气空隙引入干膜。空气空隙产生膜中的折射率方面的大的差异和散射光,在膜一旦固化时导致更不透明。为了调节所形成的涂层的遮盖力、色光和色深,将填料与适当的量的白色颜料和无机和/或有机彩色颜料混合。
在一些实施方案中,本发明的涂料组合物具有30至65%,如40至60%的颜料体积浓度(PVC),即与颜料、填料和聚合物的体积相比的颜料和填料的体积。
受阻胺光稳定剂
在一些实施方案中,本文中所描述的涂料组合物除了聚合物分散体、有机颜料和无机颜料以外还包括至少一种受阻胺光稳定剂或HALS组分。合适的HALS组分包括N-取代的多烷基哌啶和N-取代的多烷基哌嗪酮衍生物,优选仲或叔N-取代的多烷基哌啶或仲或叔N-取代的多烷基哌嗪酮。具体实例包括2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶衍生物和1,2,2,6,6-五甲基哌啶衍生物,如4-(甲基)丙烯酰氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶、4-(甲基)丙烯酰基氨基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶、4-(甲基)丙烯酰氧基-1,2,2,6,6-五甲基哌啶和4-(甲基)丙烯酰基-氨基-1,2,2,6,6-五甲基哌啶。这些可以各自单独或组合使用,并且组分的量优选为0.01至5重量%,如0.1至3重量%,基于可聚合的单体组分计。优选地,使用来自BASF的123、292和249。
尽管已知HALS组分是通常用于清漆和未着色的体系的有效的稳定剂,但是现已出人意料地发现它们明显改进经着色的涂料组合物的保色性。
助剂组分
本文中所描述的涂料组合物除了上述组分以外还可以包括用于油漆和灰泥中的任何常规助剂。例如,为了辅助将颜料和填料分散在水相中,可以添加基于阴离子型或非离子型润湿剂的助剂,例如焦磷酸钠、多磷酸钠、萘磺酸盐、聚丙烯酸钠、聚马来酸钠和多膦酸钠,如1-羟基乙烷-1,1-二膦酸钠和次氮基三(亚甲基膦酸)钠。
还可以将增稠剂添加至本文中的油漆配制剂。可以使用的增稠剂尤其包括聚丙烯酸钠和基于丙烯酸和甲基丙烯酸的水溶性共聚物,如丙烯酸/丙烯酰胺和甲基丙烯酸/丙烯酸酯共聚物。疏水改性的碱溶性(丙烯酸系)乳液(HASE)、疏水改性的乙氧基化的(聚)氨基甲酸酯(HEUR)、疏水改性的乙氧基化的(聚)氨基甲酸酯碱溶胀性/可溶性乳液(HEURASE)、聚醚多元醇(PEPO)和聚脲增稠剂也是可得的。还可以使用无机增稠剂,例如膨润土或锂蒙脱石。
对于各种应用,有时还希望包括引入本文中的涂料组合物中的少量其它添加剂,如杀生物剂、pH调节剂、和消泡剂(antifoamer)。这可以以常规的方式和在组合物的制备的任何便利的点完成。
可以将本文中描述的涂料组合物用作建筑的或立面的油漆或用作用于涂覆建筑物的墙外部的灰泥和抹灰。
当用于立面油漆或灰泥或抹灰中时,本发明的涂料组合物显示出容易处理性、优异的加工性质和增强的保色性。
现在将参考以下非限制性实施例更具体地描述本发明。
在实施例中,如下测定每个聚合物的Fikentscher K值:准确称量大约2.1g聚合物分散体至100mL体积的烧瓶中,然后将其用N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮填充以产生100mL聚合物溶液。通过将聚合物分散体的称重的质量乘以其固含量计算以g/100mL计的固体聚合物的浓度。为了获得溶剂参比,将1g去离子水称量至100ml体积烧瓶中,然后将其用N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮填充至100mL。然后将聚合物溶液和溶剂参比二者在具有0.3mm网格尺寸的筛上过滤。
采用毛细管粘度计AVS 400(Schott)测定相对粘度ηr。精确地将2mL聚合物溶液或参比溶剂填充至毛细管粘度计中并且测定(各自3次测量)停留时间t(聚合物溶液)和t0(参比溶剂)。选择毛细管,使得参比溶剂的停留时间大于40s。通过将t除以t0计算相对粘度并且通过求解方程式(I)获得所述K值。
实施例1(对比)
将配备有回流冷凝器和锚式搅拌器的3升反应器填充600g去离子(DI)水和19.6g的烷基醚硫酸钠的28%水溶液。将反应器内容物加热至80℃并且添加2.6%如表1中所描述的单体进料。添加0.5g过硫酸铵在6g水中的溶液并且将反应器内容物在80℃保持15分钟。随后,以恒定的剂量速率在180分钟内将剩余量的单体进料添加至反应器。将在进料添加期间的反应器温度保持在80℃。在完成进料添加之后,将反应器内容物在80℃保持另外60分钟,然后冷却至室温。在完成进料添加30分钟之后,将40.4g氢氧化铵水溶液(12.5%)添加至分散体。在室温添加消泡剂溶液(0.3g Tego Foamex 805于20g DI水中)和杀生物剂溶液(2.4g Acticide MBS 50:50和9.4g Mergal K10N于各30g DI水中)。
将所产生的聚合物分散体的性质汇总于表2中。
实施例2至4(本发明)
如表1中所描述,采用改变的单体进料组成重复实施例1的过程。再一次地将所产生的聚合物分散体的性质汇总于表2中。
表1:单体进料的组成(以克计)
实施例1 | 实施例2 | 实施例3 | 实施例4 | |
去离子水 | 510 | 510 | 510 | 510 |
烷基醚硫酸钠,28%于水中 | 39 | 39 | 39 | 39 |
过硫酸铵 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
甲基丙烯酸(MAA) | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 |
丙烯酸(AA) | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 |
甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA) | 605 | 605 | 539 | 517 |
苯乙烯 | 0 | 0 | 55 | 55 |
丙烯酸2-乙基己酯(EHA) | 495 | 495 | 0 | 264 |
丙烯酸正丁酯(BA) | 0 | 0 | 506 | 264 |
正十二烷基硫醇(NDM) | 0 | 11 | 11 | 11 |
表2:聚合物分散体的性质
固含量(%)1 | Brookfield粘度(mPa s)2 | pH | dw(nm)3 | Tg(℃)4 | K值 | |
实施例1 | 47.1 | 640 | 8.5 | 120 | 22.4 | 71.9 |
实施例2 | 47.1 | 584 | 8.5 | 120 | 16.6 | 29.2 |
实施例3 | 47.1 | 3050 | 9.0 | 100 | 21.0 | 29.7 |
实施例4 | 47.0 | 3250 | 8.7 | 100 | 14.5 | 32.0 |
1在110℃干燥24h之后重量分析法测定
2测量条件:20℃,20rpm,转子2(实施例1+2)/转子4(实施例3+4)
3通过Beckman Coulter LS 13320粒度分析仪测定的重均粒径
4根据ISO 16805通过差示扫描量热法(DSC)测量的玻璃化转变温度
实施例5-16(本发明的和对比的立面油漆)
通过在室温在搅拌下混合表3中的成分制备立面漆浆。
表3:立面漆浆
重量份 | |
水 | 162 |
氢氧化钠(10%) | 1.5 |
Tylose H 30000YP2 | 2 |
Agitan 281 | 3 |
Lopon 890 | 3 |
Calgon N(10%) | 10 |
二氧化钛(Kronos 2160) | 100 |
Omyacarb 5GU | 100 |
Omyacarb 15GU | 200 |
Omyacarb 40GU | 75 |
Polwhite B | 50 |
MicaCelia 125L | 50 |
丁基二乙二醇乙酸酯 | 12 |
Tego Phobe 1401 | 10 |
Tafigel PUR 40 | 3 |
781.5 |
然后通过根据表4混合漆浆与聚合物分散体(实施例1-4)、有机颜料和任选的受阻胺光稳定剂(HALS)制备着色的的立面油漆。
通过将有机颜料糊剂混入油漆中使立面油漆着红色。在一个实施方案中,使用1.0重量%Colanyl Red D3GD 500(Clariant,Red 254,CAS:84632-63-5,基于二酮吡咯并吡咯(DPP))。在第二实施方案中,添加1.0重量%Colanyl Red FGR 530(Clariant)(基于偶氮颜料红112,CAS:6535-46-2)作为着色组分。
添加Acticide MKB 3作为膜防腐剂以保护立面油漆免受表面真菌和藻类生长。
所产生的涂料组合物具有大约67%的固含量和大约57%的颜料体积浓度(p.v.c.)。
表4:立面油漆和它们的组成的概况
然后将着色的立面油漆施加至经预处理的水泥石棉板上。预处理包括浇水以从所述板去除钙盐(3天3次)和施加氟化物(fluate)(Fassaden-Perfekt-Konzentrat,来自Hornbach)和底漆(LDM 7667)。将着色的油漆施加两次以产生大约100μm的干燥油漆的膜厚度。
使经涂布的板经受户外风化。将它们以45°的角度并且朝南安装在金属支撑物中。在户外暴露之前,以CIELab颜色空间的框架测量经涂布的板的初始颜色。CIELab颜色空间将每种颜色定义为三维坐标点{L,a,b},其中L表示黑白轴,a表示红绿轴,和b表示蓝黄轴。然后可以将在户外暴露1年之后的色差通过ΔE值定量,所述值是初始{L,a,b}i与经暴露的{L,a,b}e颜色点之间的Euklidic差异:
ΔE越小,则相应体系的颜色稳定性越好。
颜色稳定性极大地取决于颜料的化学特性。例如,Red 254的发色单元的UV稳定性高于Red 112。然而,制剂且尤其是聚合物型粘结剂也明显地影响油漆的颜色稳定性。对于给定的颜料和给定的制剂,由于聚合物型粘结剂引起ΔE方面的大的变化,如可以从表5和6推断。对于Red254,如下进行ΔE值分级(45°,南向,1年暴露):<8(好),≥8(差)。对于Red112,将ΔE值<16分级为好,将≥16的值分级为差。
表5:具有Red 254的立面油漆的颜色稳定性
立面油漆 | 实施例5 | 实施例6 | 实施例7 | 实施例8 | 实施例9 | 实施例10 |
对比/本发明 | 对比 | 本发明 | 本发明 | 本发明 | 本发明 | 本发明 |
ΔE(在1年之后) | 9.2 | 7.5 | 7.4 | 7.1 | 7.8 | 7.1 |
颜色稳定性 | 差 | 好 | 好 | 好 | 好 | 好 |
表6:具有Red 112的立面油漆的颜色稳定性
立面油漆 | 实施例11 | 实施例12 | 实施例13 | 实施例14 | 实施例15 | 实施例16 |
对比/本发明 | 对比 | 本发明 | 本发明 | 本发明 | 本发明 | 本发明 |
ΔE(在1年之后) | 19.3 | 14.9 | 13.8 | 13.6 | 14.9 | 14.3 |
颜色稳定性 | 差 | 好 | 好 | 好 | 好 | 好 |
可以看出,使用在链转移剂存在下产生的聚合物型粘结剂的立面油漆与包含没有链转移剂而产生的聚合物型粘结剂的油漆相比,普遍显示出改进的颜色稳定性。
虽然已参考特定的实施方式描述和阐释了本发明,但是本领域普通技术人员将会意识到,本发明本身适用于本文未必阐释的变型。那么出于该原因,出于确定本发明的真正范围的目的,应仅参考所附权利要求书。
Claims (21)
1.外墙涂料组合物,其包含:
(a)水性聚合物分散体,其通过至少一种烯属不饱和单体在链转移剂存在下的乳液聚合形成,其中所述聚合物具有小于60的Fikentscher K值;
(b)至少一种有机颜料;和
(c)至少一种无机填料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的组合物,其中所述聚合物具有小于55,优选小于50的Fikentscher K值。
3.根据权利要求1或权利要求2所述的组合物,其中所述聚合物包含大于50pphm的基于烯属不饱和羧酸,优选丙烯酸和/或甲基丙烯酸的C1-C18烷基酯的单体单元。
4.根据权利要求3所述的组合物,其中所述聚合物进一步包含2至10pphm的苯乙烯单元。
5.根据权利要求3或权利要求4所述的组合物,其中所述聚合物包含至少一种单体的单元,所述单体的均聚物具有小于25℃的玻璃化转变温度。
6.根据权利要求3至5任一项所述的组合物,其中所述聚合物包含基于丙烯酸正丁酯的单元。
7.根据权利要求3至6任一项所述的组合物,其中所述聚合物包含基于丙烯酸正丁酯和丙烯酸2-乙基己酯的单元。
8.根据前述权利要求任一项所述的组合物,其中所述聚合物具有-10至40℃,优选0至30℃的计算的Tg值。
9.外墙涂料组合物,其包含:
(a)水性聚合物分散体,其通过至少一种烯属不饱和单体的多阶段乳液聚合形成,其中在至少一个聚合阶段中的聚合物在链转移剂存在下产生并且在单独聚合和分析时具有小于60,优选小于55,最优选小于50的Fikentscher K值,和其中具有小于60的Fikentscher K值的一种或多种聚合物占所述分散体中的总聚合物的至少30重量%,优选至少50重量%;
(b)至少一种有机颜料;和
(c)至少一种无机填料。
10.根据权利要求9所述的组合物,其中具有小于60的Fikentscher K值的聚合物包含大于50pphm的基于烯属不饱和羧酸,优选丙烯酸和/或甲基丙烯酸的C1-C18烷基酯的单体单元。
11.根据权利要求10所述的组合物,其中具有小于60的Fikentscher K值的聚合物进一步包含2至10pphm的苯乙烯单元。
12.根据权利要求10或权利要求11所述的组合物,其中具有小于60的Fikentscher K值的聚合物包含至少一种单体的单元,所述单体的均聚物具有小于25℃的玻璃化转变温度。
13.根据权利要求10至12任一项所述的组合物,其中具有小于60的Fikentscher K值的聚合物包含基于丙烯酸正丁酯的单元。
14.根据权利要求10至13任一项所述的组合物,其中具有小于60的Fikentscher K值的聚合物包含基于丙烯酸正丁酯和丙烯酸2-乙基己酯的单元。
15.根据前述权利要求任一项所述的组合物,其包含0.1至7重量%的有机颜料。
16.根据前述权利要求任一项所述的组合物,其中所述有机颜料选自C.I.颜料红168、C.I.颜料黄74、C.I.颜料红112、C.I.颜料红101、C.I.颜料橙36、C.I.颜料红254、C.I.颜料紫23、C.I.颜料橙43、C.I.颜料绿7、C.I.颜料蓝15、C.I.颜料黄154及其混合物。
17.根据前述权利要求任一项所述的组合物,其中所述有机颜料选自C.I.颜料黄74、C.I.颜料红112、C.I.颜料红101、C.I.颜料橙36、C.I.颜料红254及其混合物。
18.根据前述权利要求任一项所述的组合物,其具有30至65%,优选40至60%的颜料体积浓度。
19.根据前述权利要求任一项所述的组合物,其进一步包含0至25重量%的至少一种无机颜料。
20.根据任意前述权利要求所述的组合物,其进一步包含0.01至3pphm,优选0.03至1pphm的至少一种受阻胺光稳定剂(HALS)。
21.根据任意前述权利要求所述的组合物在立面油漆、灰泥或抹灰中的用途。
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