CN108345209A - A kind of wrist-watch balance wheel lays particular stress on somascope and detection method - Google Patents
A kind of wrist-watch balance wheel lays particular stress on somascope and detection method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108345209A CN108345209A CN201810359896.0A CN201810359896A CN108345209A CN 108345209 A CN108345209 A CN 108345209A CN 201810359896 A CN201810359896 A CN 201810359896A CN 108345209 A CN108345209 A CN 108345209A
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- balance wheel
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- microcontroller
- particular stress
- wrist
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- G—PHYSICS
- G04—HOROLOGY
- G04D—APPARATUS OR TOOLS SPECIALLY DESIGNED FOR MAKING OR MAINTAINING CLOCKS OR WATCHES
- G04D7/00—Measuring, counting, calibrating, testing or regulating apparatus
- G04D7/08—Measuring, counting, calibrating, testing or regulating apparatus for balance wheels
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- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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- Force Measurement Appropriate To Specific Purposes (AREA)
Abstract
A kind of wrist-watch balance wheel lays particular stress on somascope and detection method, belongs to clock and watch detection technique field.Somascope includes balance wheel holder, vibrative sensor, signal conditioning circuit, photoelectric sensor, analog-digital converter and microcontroller, the balance wheel holder connects vibrative sensor by elastic component, the signal that vibrative sensor generates is after signal conditioning circuit amplification filtering, it is input to microcontroller after analog-digital converter is converted, microcontroller is input to by the tach signal that photoelectric sensor measures, the acquisition process in microcontroller, it is final to measure the weighting magnitude for showing balance wheel.The present invention realizes the amplification and filtering of signal using integrated operational amplifier circuit, using an instrument amplifier and the fertile hereby with bandpass filters of two second order Barts by signal detection that balance wheel rotates, amplification, filter and show.Signal is laid particular stress on after two stage filter, inhibits whole clutter noises, obtains effectively stablizing and lays particular stress on signal.Detection speed of the present invention is fast, improves production efficiency;It is low in energy consumption.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to clock and watch detection technique fields, and somascope and detection side are laid particular stress on more particularly to a kind of wrist-watch balance wheel
Method.
Background technology
Balance and hair spring system is the core of mechanical watch in the governing system in wrist-watch.The system keeps a constant speed
Degree rotates back and forth oscillation in table machine, it is ensured that the accurate timing of wrist-watch.The processing quality of hair-spring balance system element directly determines
The quality of clock and watch.Balance wheel is the critical elements of system in hair-spring balance system, and the weighting amount of balance wheel refers to balance wheel center of gravity
Uneven degree indicates that unit is micro- gram-centimeter (μ g.cm) with the product em of balance wheel quality m and the eccentric distance e of center of gravity.Pendulum
The weighting amount of wheel has a significant impact when being walked to clock and watch, such as by an a diameter of 9.75mm, and the balance wheel that weight is 84mg is constituted
Hair-spring balance system works in the case of 180 ° of 18000 amplitude of oscillation of beat, if weighting amount is 10 μ g.cm, will produce ±
The deviation of 22 seconds/day.Therefore, how to measure and eliminate the weighting of balance wheel is an important project in clock and watch production.
Currently, it is largely the survey for using the production in one's early years of Watch Factory of Switzerland that the balance wheel that each wrist-watch producer uses, which lays particular stress on detector,
Measuring appratus, these instruments are designed in the seventies and eighties in last century and are produced mostly, instrument internal using old-fashioned electron tube, this
Kind Instrument measuring precision is low, and heat dissipation capacity is big.And failure occurs frequently, it is difficult to repair.
Invention content
For the above technical problems, a kind of wrist-watch balance wheel of present invention offer lays particular stress on somascope and detection method, it
It is to be measured to balance wheel angular speed using photoelectric sensor, ensures that detection is all completed under the same angular speed every time, is realized
The stably measured of signal, then by vibrative sensor, by balance wheel since the vibration signal that weighting amount generates is converted into induced electricity
Kinetic potential, balance wheel are laid particular stress on somascope and will be come out the electromotive force amplification detection by signal conditioning circuit, pass through analog-to-digital conversion later
It is sent into microcontroller, microcontroller shows measurement result on charactron.
The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of wrist-watch balance wheel of the present invention lays particular stress on somascope, including balance wheel, vibrative sensor, signal conditioning circuit, photoelectricity
Sensor, analog-digital converter and microcontroller, balance wheel are placed in the motion parts of vibrative sensor, and balance wheel, which is swung, drives micro-vibration
The signal that the detection part of sensor generates is input to after signal conditioning circuit amplification filtering after analog-digital converter is converted
Microcontroller;Photoelectric sensor is used for detecting the tach signal of balance wheel rotation, and is input to microcontroller, and microcontroller detects that speed is believed
After number, the swing speed of balance wheel is controlled, balance wheel is made to be measured under 39 revolutions per seconds of speed always, the weighting magnitude of balance wheel is shown
On numeral method device.
Preferably, the vibrative sensor includes motion parts and detection part, and wherein motion parts include balance wheel branch
Frame and elastic component, balance wheel are mounted on balance wheel holder, and balance wheel frame bottom is connected to the support base of detection part by elastic component
On.
Preferably, the elastic component is shrapnel or spring.
Preferably, the detection part includes support base, moving-wire ring box, permanent magnet and yoke, is set below the support base
Yoke is set, moving-wire ring box is placed in yoke, and coil is wound in moving winding outer frame, and permanent magnet is arranged in bottom in yoke, described
The poles N of permanent magnet are located in moving-wire ring box, and the poles S are contacted with yoke, form closed magnetic path;Balance wheel holder passes through two elastic component branch
It supports on the pole palm in moving-wire ring box, when measurement, balance wheel is mounted on balance wheel holder, and balance wheel rotate drive holder on holder
And the moving-wire ring box up-down vibration below holder, the coil wound in moving-wire ring box are cut in closed magnetic path also with up-down vibration
Cut the magnetic line of force, the signal wire connection signal modulate circuit that the induced electromotive force of generation is connected by coil, after analog-digital converter
It is transferred to microcontroller.
Preferably, the yoke inner wall is additionally provided with bucking coil, and the bucking coil stretches into yoke end with moving-wire ring box
Coil it is corresponding.
Preferably, the photoelectric sensor is arranged on balance wheel holder, detects balance wheel rotating speed.
Preferably, the signal conditioning circuit includes two-stage signal amplifying circuit and filter circuit, and the first order is put for instrument
Big device AD620 signal amplification circuits, the second level are universal amplifier OP07 circuits, and filter circuit includes two by universal amplifier
The second order Butterworth bandpass filter of OP27 compositions.
Preferably, the centre frequency of described two bandpass filters is all 39Hz, quality factor 8.3, and pass band is
4.68Hz。
Preferably, the air source for blowing balance wheel rotation is also associated on the microcontroller.
Wrist-watch balance wheel of the present invention lays particular stress on the detection method of somascope, includes the following steps:
S1:Balance wheel rotating speed is controlled by microcontroller, the angular velocity vector Ω that balance wheel rotates is increased to 40 revolutions per seconds, makes pendulum later
The angular velocity vector Ω of wheel freely decelerates to 39 revolutions per seconds;
S2:In coil by vibrative sensor measurement is obtained due to balance wheel rotation drive holder and the vibration of moving-wire ring box
The induced electromotive force E of upper generation,
Wherein:Em is the weighting amount of balance wheel, and B is the magnetic induction intensity in magnetic field;ω is the number of turns of coil, and e is that balance wheel is eccentric
Away from m is the quality of balance wheel, and e*m is the weighting amount measured, and Ω is the angular speed of balance wheel, and K is the rigidity of elastic component, when t is
Between;
S3:The induced potential E generated is laid particular stress on to the balance wheel measured to be amplified and filter by signal conditioning circuit, is obtained
The inclined weight signal effectively stablized;
S4:Analog-to-digital conversion is carried out to the inclined weight signal measured and reaches microcontroller, microcontroller will lay particular stress on the corresponding number of signal
Word signal is converted to concrete numerical value, is being shown on the screen by charactron.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are:
1. detector of the present invention is turned by 12 vibrative sensor, the fertile hereby bandpass filter of Bart, high-precision high-speed moduluses
Parallel operation, photoelectric measure speeding sensor and STC singlechip groups at.This detector realizes the amplification of signal using integrated operational amplifier circuit
And filtering, use an instrument amplifier and the fertile hereby with bandpass filters of two second order Barts by balance wheel rotating speed for 39 revolutions per seconds when
Generation balance wheel lay particular stress on signal detection out amplify, filter and show.Wherein one stage signal amplifier uses AD620 instrument
Table amplifier, two butterworth filters are realized based on high speed operation amplifier OP27 chips, after two stage filter,
Clutter noise all curbs, while useful signal being amplified, and obtains stable weighting signal.
2. the present invention detects the weighting signal of balance wheel using unique vibrative sensor, caused by the weighting of balance wheel
The vibration in support vertical direction, generates the displacement of vertical direction, and balance wheel vibration drives moving-wire ring box up-down vibration so that is wrapped in
Moving-wire ring box coil vertical direction cutting magnetic line in closed magnetic path generates proportional to weighting amount em and balance wheel rotating speed
Induced electromotive force E can make balance wheel always in the same tachometric survey since microcontroller control makes the air source that balance wheel rotates, because
This, this system obtain stablize repetition lay particular stress on proportional electromotive force signal to balance wheel.
3. the present invention is amplified using the signal that instrument amplifier and operational amplifier are constituted and the signals tune such as bandpass filtering
Circuit is managed, realizes noise signal at filter, amplification and extraction useful signal..
4. detection speed of the present invention is fast, the detection time of single balance wheel improves production efficiency within 2s;It is low in energy consumption,
Total system uses low-power chip, has auto sleep function, i.e.,:Do not have when starting in 5 minutes more than vibrative sensor
There are signal input, SCM program that air source is made to close, SCM system suspend mode, when vibrative sensor has signal input again
When, SCM system wakes up;The present invention using singlechip group at control system and bus control system, can will detect workpiece
Quantity, qualitative data upload to manager office, realize network management, specially:SCM system has MODBUS
Communication module can realize that data upload by the software communication of MODBUS agreements and host computer.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the complete machine operating diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is vibrative sensor holder part schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the structural schematic diagram of Fig. 2.
Fig. 4 is vibrative sensor detection part schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the two-stage signal amplification circuit diagram of signal conditioning circuit of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is the filter circuit figure of signal conditioning circuit of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is with bandpass filter circuits figure of the present invention.
In figure:1. balance wheel, 2. holders, 3. elastic components,
4. vibrative sensor, 41. support bases, 42. moving-wire ring boxs, 43. permanent magnets, 44. yokes, 45. coils, 46. mend
Repay coil;
5. pole is slapped.
Specific implementation mode
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Embodiment:As shown in Figure 1, a kind of wrist-watch balance wheel of the present invention lays particular stress on somascope, including balance wheel, vibrative sensor 4,
Signal conditioning circuit, photoelectric sensor, analog-digital converter and microcontroller, the balance wheel 1 are connected to the movement of vibrative sensor 4
Part, the swing of balance wheel 1 make the signal that the detection part of vibrative sensor 4 generates after signal conditioning circuit amplification filtering, warp
It is input to microcontroller after analog-digital converter conversion, microcontroller, monolithic machine examination are input to by the tach signal that photoelectric sensor measures
After measuring speed signal, the swing of balance wheel 1 is controlled, balance wheel 1 is made to be measured under 39 revolutions per seconds of speed always, it is final to measure display
Go out the weighting magnitude of balance wheel 1.
The vibrative sensor 4 includes motion parts and detection part, and wherein motion parts include balance wheel holder 2 and bullet
Property part 3, balance wheel 1 be mounted on balance wheel holder 2 on, 2 bottom of balance wheel holder is fixed on the support base 41 of detection part by elastic component 3
On, make balance wheel holder 1 above the pole palm 5 vacantly in moving-wire ring box 42, i.e.,:Holder, elastic component and moving winding vacantly slap 5 in pole
Top;Detection part includes support base 41, moving-wire ring box 42, permanent magnet 43 and yoke 44, and magnetic is arranged in 41 lower section of the support base
Yoke 44, moving-wire ring box 42 are placed in yoke 44, and coil 45 is wound with outside moving-wire ring box 42, and permanent magnetism is arranged in bottom in yoke 44
The poles N of iron 43, the permanent magnet 43 are located in moving-wire ring box 42, and the poles S are contacted with yoke 44, form closed magnetic path;When measurement, pendulum
Wheel 1 is mounted on balance wheel holder 2, and when there is outer gas stream to blow balance wheel 1, balance wheel 1 rotates on holder 2, due to balance wheel 1 itself
The influence of weighting amount, balance wheel 1 can generate faint vibration when rotating in vertical direction, due in 2 vertical direction of holder at this time
In vacant state, the rotation of balance wheel 1 drives the up-down vibration in vertical direction of holder 2, generates the displacement of vertical direction, while holder
2 vibrations also drive 42 up-down vibration of moving-wire ring box so that are wrapped in 42 Vertical Square in closed magnetic path of coil 45 of moving-wire ring box
The magnetic field magnetic line generated to cutting permanent magnet makes to generate in moving-wire ring box 42 proportional to weighting amount em and 1 rotating speed of balance wheel
Induced electromotive force E, the signal wire connection signal modulate circuit connected by coil 45, the weighting signal is through signal conditioning circuit
It is input to microcontroller after amplification filtering conversion, analog-to-digital conversion, and finally converts and show the weighting magnitude of balance wheel.
In addition, when due to detection, balance wheel need to stablize the velocity measuring in 39 turns/s, therefore 4 top of vibrative sensor is set
It sets the photoelectric sensor on balance wheel holder 2 and can be used to measure the rotating speed of balance wheel 1, and rotating speed is input to microcontroller, make monolithic
Machine control, which is blown, to originate from, and keeps balance wheel fixed rotating speed.
44 inner wall of the yoke is additionally provided with bucking coil 46, and the bucking coil 46 stretches into yoke 44 with moving-wire ring box 42
The coil 45 at end is corresponding.
The measurement process of the present invention:
The balance wheel holder 2 of the present invention uses sound fork bracket, the well width of the holder 2 to be equal to 1 axial length of balance wheel, make balance wheel
1 frame can be freely rotated on holder 2 along central shaft.
Specific measurement method is as follows:
S1:Balance wheel rotating speed is controlled by microcontroller, the angular velocity vector Ω that balance wheel rotates is increased to 40 revolutions per seconds, makes pendulum later
The angular velocity vector Ω of wheel freely decelerates to 39 revolutions per seconds;
S2:In coil by vibrative sensor measurement is obtained due to balance wheel rotation drive holder and the vibration of moving-wire ring box
The induced electromotive force E of upper generation,
Wherein:Em is the weighting amount of balance wheel, and B is the magnetic induction intensity in magnetic field;ω is the number of turns of coil, and e is that balance wheel is eccentric
Away from m is the quality of balance wheel, and e*m is the weighting amount measured, and Ω is the angular speed of balance wheel, and K is the rigidity of elastic component, when t is
Between;
S3:The induced potential E generated is laid particular stress on to the balance wheel measured to be amplified and filter by signal conditioning circuit, is obtained
The inclined weight signal effectively stablized.
When balance wheel 1 rotates in the slot of balance wheel holder 2, due to the reason of 1 weighting amount of balance wheel, balance wheel 1 exists the present invention
The vibration of vertical direction, and balance wheel holder 2 is driven to move.When balance wheel 1 is rotated according to angular velocity vector Ω, 1 weighting amount of balance wheel is in weight
The centrifugal force F generated at heart S:
F=Ω2em
Wherein e is eccentricity, and m is the quality of balance wheel 1, and when Ω is constant, then balance wheel holder 2 hangs down suffered by the gravity direction
Histogram to power f be:
F=em Ω2cosΩt
Wherein:T is the time, and unit is the second;
Power f when balance wheel 1 rotates along vertical direction is acted on elastic component 3, and elastic component 3 is made to generate displacement X, i.e. f=
KX, K are the rigidity of spring, then the displacement x of vertical direction is:
X=f/K=Ω2emcosΩt/K
The movement of elastic component 3 drives holder 2 to move, and the displacement of elastic component 3 vertically is exactly balance wheel holder 2 along vertical side
To displacement, then the movement velocity of balance wheel holder 2 is exactly the differential of displacement versus time, i.e.,:
When the balance wheel 1 on balance wheel holder 2 rotates, balance wheel 1 drives the moving-wire of 2 lower section of balance wheel holder 2 and balance wheel holder
42 up-down vibration of ring box, the coil 45 wound in moving-wire ring box 42 up-down vibration cutting magnetic line in closed magnetic path, in coil
It is generated on 45 and the proportional induced electromotive force E of balance wheel support motion speed, relational expression is:
B is the magnetic induction intensity in magnetic field in formula;ω is the number of turns of coil;For the speed of coil cutting magnetic line.Wushu
(1) formula (2) is substituted into, is obtainedIfThen
E=-K0emsinΩt (3)
Wherein:K0For constant;
When one timing of angular velocity vector Ω that balance wheel 1 rotates, the induced potential E of vibrative sensor and the weighting amount em of balance wheel 1
It is directly proportional.To improve the sensitivity of sensor, it is necessary to increase constant K0.Due to cube directly proportional, the institute of induced potential E and Ω
Rotating speed to improve balance wheel 1 is to improve sensitivity most efficient method.But due to the quality very little of balance wheel 1, excessive velocities can make
Balance wheel throws away holder 2.According to practical work experience, 1 angular speed of balance wheel is usually maintained at 39 revolutions per seconds.It, can be by balance wheel when measurement
The raising of 1 rotating speed reaches 40 revolutions per seconds, so that balance wheel 1 is freely decelerated to 39 revolutions per seconds later, and acquire signal.Both ensure angular speed in this way
Unanimously, and external interference is avoided, obtains the weighting signal for stablizing repetition.
As shown in Figure 3-Figure 5, the signal conditioning circuit includes two-stage signal amplifying circuit and filter circuit, and the first order is
Instrument amplifier AD620 signal amplification circuits, the second level is universal amplifier OP07 circuits, to carrying out signal amplification.AD620's
Input impedance is high, has very high common-mode rejection ratio, can effectively inhibit the noise in amplification process.By (3) formula it is found that laying particular stress on
Signal is the sine wave signal consistent with balance wheel angular speed, and frequency and the angular speed of signal are all 39Hz, filtered electrical of the invention
Road includes two second order Butterworth bandpass filters being made of universal amplifier OP27, as shown in figure 5, two bandpass filterings
The centre frequency of device is all 39Hz, quality factor 8.3, pass band 4.68Hz.After two stage filter, all inhibit miscellaneous
Noise is dissipated, while useful signal can also obtain 3.3 times of signal, obtains stable weighting signal.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of wrist-watch balance wheel lays particular stress on somascope, it is characterised in that:Including balance wheel, vibrative sensor, signal conditioning circuit, light
Electric transducer, analog-digital converter and microcontroller, balance wheel are placed in the motion parts of vibrative sensor, and balance wheel, which is swung, drives micro- shake
The signal that the detection part of dynamic sensor generates inputs after signal conditioning circuit amplification filtering after analog-digital converter is converted
To microcontroller;Photoelectric sensor is used for detecting the tach signal of balance wheel rotation, and is input to microcontroller, and microcontroller detects speed
After signal, the swing speed of balance wheel is controlled, balance wheel is made to be measured under 39 revolutions per seconds of speed always, the weighting magnitude of balance wheel is shown
Show on numeral method device.
2. wrist-watch balance wheel lays particular stress on somascope according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:The vibrative sensor includes movement
Part and detection part, wherein motion parts include balance wheel holder and elastic component, and balance wheel is mounted on balance wheel holder, balance wheel holder
Bottom is connected to by elastic component on the support base of detection part.
3. wrist-watch balance wheel lays particular stress on somascope according to claim 2, it is characterised in that:The elastic component is shrapnel or spring.
4. wrist-watch balance wheel lays particular stress on somascope according to claim 2, it is characterised in that:The detection part include support base,
Yoke is arranged in moving-wire ring box, permanent magnet and yoke, the support base lower section, and moving-wire ring box is placed in yoke, in moving winding outer frame
It is wound with coil, permanent magnet is arranged in bottom in yoke, and the poles N of the permanent magnet are located in moving-wire ring box, and the poles S connect with yoke
It touches, forms closed magnetic path;Balance wheel holder is supported on by two elastic components on the palm of the pole in moving-wire ring box, when measurement, balance wheel
On balance wheel holder, balance wheel rotates the moving-wire ring box up-down vibration driven below holder and holder, moving winding on holder
The coil wound on frame is connected also with up-down vibration cutting magnetic line, the induced electromotive force of generation by coil in closed magnetic path
The signal wire connection signal modulate circuit connect, is transferred to microcontroller after analog-digital converter.
5. wrist-watch balance wheel lays particular stress on somascope according to claim 4, it is characterised in that:The yoke inner wall is additionally provided with compensation
Coil, the coil that the bucking coil stretches into yoke end with moving-wire ring box are corresponding.
6. wrist-watch balance wheel lays particular stress on somascope according to claim 2, it is characterised in that:The photoelectric sensor is arranged in balance wheel
On holder, balance wheel rotating speed is detected.
7. wrist-watch balance wheel lays particular stress on somascope according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:The signal conditioning circuit includes two-stage
Signal amplification circuit and filter circuit, the first order are instrument amplifier AD620 signal amplification circuits, and the second level is universal amplifier
OP07 circuits, filter circuit include two second order Butterworth bandpass filters being made of universal amplifier OP27.
8. wrist-watch balance wheel lays particular stress on somascope according to claim 6, it is characterised in that:The center of described two bandpass filters
Frequency is all 39Hz, quality factor 8.3, pass band 4.68Hz.
9. wrist-watch balance wheel lays particular stress on somascope according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:It is also associated with and blows on the microcontroller
The air source of balance wheel rotation.
10. wrist-watch balance wheel as described in claim 1 lays particular stress on the detection method of somascope, it is characterised in that:Include the following steps:
S1:Balance wheel rotating speed is controlled by microcontroller, the angular velocity vector Ω that balance wheel rotates is increased to 40 revolutions per seconds, makes balance wheel later
Angular velocity vector Ω freely decelerates to 39 revolutions per seconds;
S2:It obtains driving holder and moving-wire ring box to vibrate by the life on coil since balance wheel rotates by vibrative sensor measurement
At induced electromotive force E,
Wherein:Em is the weighting amount of balance wheel, and B is the magnetic induction intensity in magnetic field;ω is the number of turns of coil, and e is balance wheel eccentricity, m
For the quality of balance wheel, e*m is the weighting amount measured, and Ω is the angular speed of balance wheel, and K is the rigidity of elastic component, and t is the time;
S3:The induced potential E generated is laid particular stress on to the balance wheel measured to be amplified and filter by signal conditioning circuit, is obtained effectively
Stable inclined weight signal;
S4:Analog-to-digital conversion is carried out to the inclined weight signal measured and reaches microcontroller, microcontroller will lay particular stress on the corresponding number letter of signal
Number concrete numerical value is converted to, is being shown on the screen by charactron.
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CN201810359896.0A CN108345209B (en) | 2018-04-20 | 2018-04-20 | Watch balance wheel unbalance weight inspection instrument and detection method |
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Cited By (1)
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CN109506835A (en) * | 2018-12-28 | 2019-03-22 | 辽宁机电职业技术学院 | A kind of acquisition of balance wheel static balance data and processing system and method |
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