CN108344648A - A kind of single-axis bidirectional load split hopkinson press bar and pull rod device and experimental method - Google Patents
A kind of single-axis bidirectional load split hopkinson press bar and pull rod device and experimental method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108344648A CN108344648A CN201810120975.6A CN201810120975A CN108344648A CN 108344648 A CN108344648 A CN 108344648A CN 201810120975 A CN201810120975 A CN 201810120975A CN 108344648 A CN108344648 A CN 108344648A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/30—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying a single impulsive force, e.g. by falling weight
- G01N3/317—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying a single impulsive force, e.g. by falling weight generated by electromagnetic means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/003—Generation of the force
- G01N2203/005—Electromagnetic means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/025—Geometry of the test
- G01N2203/0252—Monoaxial, i.e. the forces being applied along a single axis of the specimen
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Abstract
The present invention relates to the experimental method of material dynamic mechanical performance test, specifically a kind of single-axis bidirectional loads split hopkinson press bar and pull rod device and experimental method.A kind of single-axis bidirectional load split hopkinson press bar of present invention offer and pull rod device and its experimental method, the device includes loading device and two incident bars, the loading device includes power supply, capacitor charger and load rifle, the capacitor charger uses the power pack of existing electromagnetic rivetter, and it after being connected in parallel the identical load rifle of two parameters, accesses in the capacitor charger.In the present invention, the incidence wave on both sides carries out dynamic load to sample simultaneously and symmetrically, realizes the asymmetrical load to sample to reduce sample internal stress equilibration time, and improve the strain rate of sample, to overcome the strain rate of existing equipment low, the indeterminable defect of stretch section.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the experimental method of material dynamic mechanical performance test, specifically a kind of single-axis bidirectional loads separate type
Hopkinson pressure bar and pull rod device and experimental method.
Background technology
Currently, being measured in materials science field most popular when tensile mechanical properties of the material under high strain-rate
It is exactly separate type Hopkinson pull rod technology.The basic principle of this method is：Between short sample is placed in two pull rods, pass through
The mass block of acceleration, the acceleration pulse that quarter butt is hit or explosion generates carry out tensile loads to sample.It utilizes simultaneously and is sticked to drawing
On bar and the foil gauge away from boom end certain distance carrys out recording pulse signal.If pull rod holding elastic stage, in bar
Stress pulse will without distortions be propagated with elastic wave velocity.The foil gauge being pasted onto in this way on pull rod, which just can be measured that, acts on bar
The load at end changes with time course.
Split hopkinson press bar is generally used to measure the Plastic Flow behavior of the material under high strain-rate, in load
Initial period, sample both ends power also not up to balance, and the Reliability ratio of test data is poor, lead to calculate material property in elasticity
Section has partial invalidity data.When stress wave in the sample roundtrip 3~5 back and forth when, sample both ends power reaches balance, experiment
Data are just effective.
Since at load initial stage, the Stress non-homogeneity of sample causes the stretch section of surveyed material property inaccurate, therefore suddenly
Pu Jinsen bars are normally only used for measuring the mechanical property of the plasticity section of material.There are some scholars to study to be measured with Hopkinson bar
The elasticity modulus of material, but it is infeasible that finally obtained conclusion, which is this method,.
Although Hopkinson bar is used to measure the high strain-rate characteristic of material, since the attribute of compression bar itself limits,
Its attainable maximum strain rate of institute is limited.The method for improving strain rate at present is to improve trip rod speed, and use
Miniature Hopkinson bar, using microspecimen.However, the intensity of compression bar limits the installation speed of bullet, and for many materials
For material, tiny sample is difficult processing.Therefore it needs under conditions of compression bar diameter and unrestricted specimen size, finds more preferable
Solution.
The 1960s, Boeing Co. was to solve the problems, such as commonly to rivet to exist, by Huber A Schmitt etc.
People takes the lead in the Electromagnetic riveting technology that begins one's study, and has applied for the patent of thump electromagnetic riveting device in nineteen sixty-eight.1986
Zieve Peter succeed in developing low voltage electromagnetic riveting, solve high pressure and are riveted on existing for riveting quality and popularization and application aspect
Problem, to make Electromagnetic riveting technology comparatively fast be developed.Electromagnetic riveting technology obtains in Boeing, the manufacture of Air Passenger series aircraft
To application.Nowadays, low voltage electromagnetic riveting technology has developed into ripe, and it is smart that the size of rivet force and duration can obtain comparison
True control.The technical principle of electromagnetic rivet driver is：A coil and stress wave amplification are increased between discharge coil and workpiece
Device.The moment that discharge switch is closed generates high-intensity magnetic field by fast-changing dash current in main coil around coil.With
The secondary coil of main coil coupling generates induced current under strong magnetic field action, and then generates eddy current magnetism, two magnetic field phase interactions
It is vortexed repulsion with generating, and rivet is reached by amplifier, rivet is made to shape.It is vortexed the very high frequency of power, in amplifier and riveting
It is propagated in the form of stress wave in nail, therefore electromagnetic riveting is also referred to as stress wave riveting.If the principle of electromagnetic rivet driver is applied to point
From the air gun and trip rod replaced in formula Hopkinson pressure bar in traditional split hopkinson press bar, generated by electromagnetic repulsion force
Directly generate stress wave, it will make it possible the standardization of split hopkinson press bar experimental technique.In addition, due to electromagnetism
The stress pulse width that induction generates can be adjusted by circuit parameter, and pulse width, therefore can be real up to millisecond magnitude
Low strain dynamic rate load that some existing traditional Hopkinson bars cannot achieve (such as 102/ s or less).
Over the past two years, we had applied for a series of Hopkinson bar experimental facilities loaded based on electromagnetism and method.In Shen
Please number for 201420098605.4 and 201410161610.X Chinese patent in, propose respectively electromagnetic riveting device is direct
Equipment scheme and experimental method in Hopkinson pressure bar device are applied, but the waveform that the method is obtained has limitation
Property.In two China's patented invention that application number is respectively 201410173843.1 and 201410171963.8 is created, respectively
Two kinds are proposed not only to have can be used for Hopkinson pull rod but also can be used for the experimental facilities and application method of Hopkinson pressure bar, but this
Two schemes structure is complex, and traditional pulse shaping technique can not be applied to pulled out condition.Further, since incident bar with
Amplifier is connected through a screw thread, and no matter does compression experiment or tension test, compressional wave and tensile wave can be passed to simultaneously into
Bar is penetrated, therefore stress wave caused by both schemes is not pure tensile wave or compressional wave, is suitable only for
To incident waveform without the experiment of especially big requirement.In order to improve this defect, then we application No. is
In 201510956545.4 Chinese patent innovation and creation, it is proposed that a kind of new load rifle structure, the structure can both produce
Raw pure tensile wave or compressional wave, and traditional Training system can be used to carry out shaping to waveform.Application No. is
In 201510051071 Chinese patent innovation and creation, it is proposed that a kind of main line coil structures of electromagnetic type experimental provision and user
Method, to improve the variation range of amplitude and pulse width caused by electromagnetic type experimental provision.Traditional projectile impact is produced
The mode of raw pulse, bullet needs movement a distance before generating stress wave so that asymmetrical load or Biaxial stress it is more
Pulse technique cannot achieve.
Invention content
Stress-wave loading mode based on electromagnetic force generates stress wave impulse, the production of pulse using electromagnetic energy switch technology
It is raw to realize there is no time delay, therefore the time of pulse between switch triggering and the generation of stress pulse by discharge switch
Accuracy is easy to pass through circuit control.Based on this advantage, it is an object of the present invention to provide a kind of single-axis bidirectionals to load separate type
It is right to increase another on the basis of traditional split hopkinson bar for Hopkinson pressure bar and pull rod device and experimental method
The incidence wave of title, the incidence wave on both sides carry out dynamic load to sample simultaneously and symmetrically, realize the asymmetrical load to sample with
Reduce sample internal stress equilibration time, and improves the strain rate of sample, to overcome the strain rate of existing equipment low, elasticity
The indeterminable defect of section.
A kind of single-axis bidirectional load split hopkinson press bar provided by the invention and pull rod device, including loading device
With two incident bars, the loading device includes that power supply, capacitor charger and load rifle, the capacitor charger use existing electricity
The power pack of magnetic riveting equipment, and after the identical load rifle of two parameters is connected in parallel, access in the capacitor charger.
In above-mentioned single-axis bidirectional load split hopkinson press bar and pull rod device, described two incident bars use
The incident rod type of conventional split hopkinson press bar, material is titanium alloy.It is used on described two incident bar peripheries
Conventional method is pasted with a pair of of foil gauge respectively.Described two incident bars are co-axially mounted, and described two load rifles are located at institute
State the both ends of two incident bars.Described incident bar one end is machined with the external screw thread of connection boss, and the other end is machined with connection sample
Internal thread.Above-mentioned single-axis bidirectional load split hopkinson press bar and pull rod device further include and the foil gauge phase
Data collector even.
The inventive system comprises two load rifles, capacitor charger and two incident bars.
The load rifle and capacitor charger are using proposed in the patent of invention application No. is 201510956545.4
Loading device, wherein the difference is that, device proposed by the invention includes the identical load rifle of two parameters.In order to realize
Asymmetrical load will access in capacitor charger by conventional methods after the identical load rifle parallel connection of two parameters.In this way, discharging
In the process, the discharge current of lc circuit can be averagely allocated to the main coil of two load rifles, make two load rifles while generating phase
Same stress wave, to ensure the synchronism and the phase same sex of the both ends stress wave in single-axis bidirectional loads.
Described two incident bar sizes are identical with material and are co-axially mounted, and two load rifles are located at two and enter
Penetrate the both ends of bar.When carrying out single-axis bidirectional separate type Hopkinson compression experiment, two incident bars are respectively the separation of routine
The incident bar of formula Hopkinson pressure bar；When carrying out single-axis bidirectional separate type Hopkinson compression experiment, two incident bar difference
For the incident bar of the Hopkinson pull rod employed in the Chinese invention patent application No. is 201510956545.4.
The relationship that formula (A) is followed when the length L design of incident bar, to avoid the back wave surveyed at incident bar midpoint and
Incidence wave is overlapped：
L≥CT (A)
Wherein, C is spread speed of the stress wave in incident bar, and T is the incident wave period that is applied.
Further, the present invention provides a kind of according to above-mentioned single-axis bidirectional load split hopkinson press bar and pull rod device
Experimental method, include the following steps：
Step 1. arrangement equipment：
By two load rifles, two incident bars, coaxial sequence is mounted on experimental bench according to a conventional method, and makes the incidence
Bar can be moved freely in axis direction；Two incident bars use the incident rod type of conventional split hopkinson press bar；
The separate type Hopkinson sample of one routine is mounted between two incident bars；
Step 2. pastes foil gauge：
A pair of of foil gauge is pasted using conventional method respectively on two incident bar peripheries, is welded on the pin of foil gauge
Foil gauge lead is connect, in order to shield electromagnetic interference, the foil gauge lead is using in twin-core shielding line access Wheatstone bridge；Together
When, the Wheatstone bridge output signal accesses the input terminal of data collector using twin-core shielded signal line；
Step 3. is loaded and handles data：
It sets capacitor charger charging voltage to X to lie prostrate and charge, wherein X is specific required voltage value, and in electricity
Within the rated voltage of capacity charge device, after the completion of to be charged, two load rifles of capacitor charger pair are made to discharge, due to two
The parameter for loading rifle is identical, and is access capacitor charger in parallel, therefore discharge current can be synchronized and is uniformly distributed to
In two load rifles, to generate identical compressional wave in two load rifles, the asymmetrical load to sample can be realized.
The present invention proposes the experimental method of single-axis bidirectional load split hopkinson press bar and pull rod device, including single shaft
Biaxial loadings split hopkinson bar compression experiment and single-axis bidirectional load split hopkinson bar stretching experiment.
The detailed process of I single-axis bidirectional load split hopkinson bar compression experiment is：
Step 1. arrangement equipment.By two load rifles, two incident bars, coaxial sequence is mounted on experimental bench according to a conventional method
On, and the incident bar is enable to be moved freely in axis direction.Two incident bars are using conventional separate type Hopkinson pressure
The incident rod type of bar.By the separate type Hopkinson compression specimen holder of a routine between two incident bars.
Two load rifles are assembled using compress mode with incident bar, specific method is：It will compression head and amplifier
Connection, positioning tube pass through main coil through-hole, load rifle compression head where one end close to incident bar.The stress of head will be compressed
Wave deferent segment is coaxially fully bonded with incident rod end surface.
Step 2. pastes foil gauge.A pair of of foil gauge is pasted using conventional method respectively on two incident bar peripheries,
It is i.e. using the incident rod axis as symmetry axis, the identical foil gauge of two panels parameter is symmetrical along the axis direction of incident bar bar
It is pasted onto on the circumferential surface at 1/2 length of the incident bar, the weld strain piece lead on the pin of foil gauge, in order to shield
Electromagnetic interference, the foil gauge lead is using in twin-core shielding line access Wheatstone bridge.Meanwhile the Wheatstone bridge is defeated
Go out input terminal of the signal using twin-core shielded signal line access data collector.
Step 3. is loaded and handles data.
Capacitor charger charging voltage is set to X to lie prostrate and charge that (X is specific required voltage value, and is filled in capacitance
Within the rated voltage of electric appliance), after the completion of to be charged, two load rifles of capacitor charger pair is made to discharge, due to two plus
The parameter for carrying rifle is identical, and is access capacitor charger in parallel, therefore discharge current can synchronize and be uniformly distributed to two
In a load rifle, to generate identical compressional wave in two load rifles, described two compressional waves are passed to two respectively and enter
It penetrates in bar, and at the same time reaching sample and being loaded to compression sample, in the loading procedure of compression sample, due to wave impedance
It mismatches, a back wave can be generated respectively in two incident bars.Since two incidence wave amplitudes are identical with pulsewidth, and simultaneously
Compression sample is loaded, so the asymmetrical load to compressing sample can be realized.
The bridge arm voltage that strain signal in bar is converted to favour stone half-bridge by the foil gauge being pasted onto on incident bar changes,
Data collector is connect by twin-core shielded signal line with Wheatstone bridge, and the data collector is by the bridge arm of Wheatstone bridge
Voltage change is acquired and is stored.Strain signal in incident bar, which is handled in excel tables by following formula (1), to be obtained：
The Δ U/k/ of ε=2 (U0-ΔU) (1)
Wherein, ε is the strain signal in incident bar.U0For the supply voltage of Wheatstone bridge, k is foil gauge sensitivity system
Number, Δ U is the bridge arm voltage signal of favour stone half-bridge.
Strain signal in incident bar is made of the fluctuation of multiple separation, wherein first fluctuation is incidence wave εi, second
A fluctuation is back wave εr.The strain rate inside compression sample can be calculated by following formula (2), it can be with by formula (3)
The strain inside compression sample is calculated, the stress inside compression sample can be calculated by formula (4)：
Wherein, C0For the stress velocity of wave in incident bar, LsFor the initial length of sample.ABAnd AsRespectively incident bar and pressure
The cross-sectional area of contracting sample, E are the elasticity modulus of incident bar.εiAnd εrRespectively incidence wave and back wave, subscript a and b distinguish table
Show that two incident bars (are known as incident bar a and incident bar b).
Described in II single-axis bidirectional load split hopkinson bar stretching experiment detailed process be：
Step 1. arrangement equipment.By two load rifles, two incident bars, coaxial sequence is mounted on experimental bench according to a conventional method
On, and the incident bar is enable to be moved freely in axis direction.Two incident bars are using application No. is 201510956545.4
Patent of invention employed in Hopkinson pull rod incident bar.The separate type Hopkinson tensile sample of one routine is pressed
More solito mode is mounted between two incident bars.
Two load rifles are assembled using stretching mode with incident bar, specific method is：Positioning tube is passed through into main line
The through-hole of circle, amplifier are located at the both ends of main coil with incident bar.There is externally threaded one end to sequentially pass through incident bar fixed
The position through-hole of cylinder and the threaded hole of amplifier, freely coordinate with the threaded hole of amplifier and the through-hole of positioning tube, and incident bar has outer
One end of screw thread is pierced by amplifier, is connected through a screw thread with boss.
Step 2. pastes foil gauge.A pair of of foil gauge is pasted using conventional method respectively on two incident bar peripheries,
It is i.e. using the incident rod axis as symmetry axis, the identical foil gauge of two panels parameter is symmetrical along the axis direction of incident bar bar
It is pasted onto on the circumferential surface at 1/2 length of the incident bar, the weld strain piece lead on the pin of foil gauge, in order to shield
Electromagnetic interference, the foil gauge lead is using in twin-core shielding line access Wheatstone bridge.Meanwhile the Wheatstone bridge is defeated
Go out input terminal of the signal using twin-core shielded signal line access data collector.
Step 3. is loaded and handles data.Capacitor charger charging voltage is set to X to lie prostrate and charge that (X is specific
Required voltage value, and within the rated voltage of capacitor charger), after the completion of to be charged, make capacitor charger pair two
Load rifle discharges, and since the parameter of two load rifles is identical, and is that parallel connection accesses capacitor charger, therefore discharge current
It can synchronize and be uniformly distributed in two load rifles, so that identical compressional wave is generated in two load rifles, described two
A compressional wave is reflected into tensile wave in two boss respectively and enters incident bar.Tensile wave in two incident bars reaches drawing simultaneously
Sample is stretched, since two stretching wave amplitudes are identical with pulsewidth, and tensile sample is loaded simultaneously, so can realize to drawing
Stretch the asymmetrical load of sample.
The bridge arm voltage that strain signal in bar is converted to favour stone half-bridge by the foil gauge being pasted onto on incident bar changes,
Data collector is connect by twin-core shielded signal line with Wheatstone bridge, and the data collector is by the bridge arm of Wheatstone bridge
Voltage change is acquired and is stored.Strain signal in incident bar, which is handled in excel tables by formula (1), to be obtained：
The Δ U/k/ of ε=2 (U0-ΔU) (1)
Wherein, ε is the strain signal in incident bar.U0For the supply voltage of Wheatstone bridge, k is foil gauge sensitivity system
Number, Δ U is the bridge arm voltage signal of favour stone half-bridge.
Similar with compress mode, the strain signal in incident bar is made of the fluctuation of multiple separation, wherein first fluctuation
For incidence wave εi, second fluctuation is back wave εr.The strain rate inside tensile sample can be calculated by following formula (2), is led to
Strain inside tensile sample can be calculated by crossing formula (3), and the stress inside tensile sample can be calculated by formula (4)：
Wherein, C0For the stress velocity of wave in incident bar, LsFor the initial length of sample.ABAnd AsRespectively incident bar and drawing
The cross-sectional area of sample is stretched, E is the elasticity modulus of incident bar, εiAnd εrRespectively incidence wave and back wave, subscript a and b distinguish table
Show two incident bars, referred to as incident bar a and incident bar b.
In the present invention, power supply system is used for providing instantaneous heavy current to the main coil of load rifle, to make main coil
Forceful electric power magnetic repulsion is generated between secondary coil.Load rifle is used for generating electromagnetic repulsion force, and electromagnetic repulsion force is converted into stress wave, passes through
Output is to incident bar after crossing tapered amplifier amplification.
In the experimental provision of the present invention, two identical load rifles are simultaneously connected into capacitances to supply power device, discharge current it is uniform and
Two load rifles are distributed to simultaneously, therefore can ensure the synchronism of incidence wave in single-axis bidirectional load.
Electromagnetic induction repulsion is combined by the present invention with capacitor discharge in principle, directly generates stress pulse.Using
Traditional split hopkinson press bar and pull rod sample, you can dynamic symmetry load is carried out to material, since both sides add simultaneously
It carries, the strain rate of sample can be improved, and the time that sample can be made to reach stress equilibrium shortens, the result of calculating is more acurrate.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic device of the single-axis bidirectional load Hopkinson pressure bar of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the schematic device of the single-axis bidirectional load Hopkinson pull rod of the present invention.
Specific implementation mode
Fig. 1 is the schematic device of the single-axis bidirectional load Hopkinson pressure bar of the present invention.Fig. 2 is that the single shaft of the present invention is double
To the schematic device of load Hopkinson pull rod.In fig 1 and 2：1. power supply；2. capacitor charger；3. loading rifle；4. incident
Bar a；5. incident bar b；6. compressing sample；7. foil gauge；8. data collector；9. tensile sample；10. boss.
As shown, a kind of single-axis bidirectional load split hopkinson press bar and pull rod device of the present invention, including add
Carry set with two incident bars 4,5, the loading device include power supply 1, capacitor charger 2 and load rifle 3, the capacitor charging
Device 2 using existing electromagnetic rivetter power pack, and after the identical load rifle of two parameters 3 is connected in parallel, access institute
It states in capacitor charger 2.
In above-mentioned single-axis bidirectional load split hopkinson press bar and pull rod device, described two incident bars 4,5
Using the incident rod type of conventional split hopkinson press bar, material is titanium alloy.On described two incident bar peripheries
It is pasted with a pair of of foil gauge 7 respectively using conventional method.Described two incident bars 4,5 are co-axially mounted, and described two load rifles 3 divide
Not Wei Yu described two incident bars 4,5 both ends.Described incident bar one end is machined with the external screw thread of connection boss, other end processing
There is the internal thread of connection sample.Above-mentioned single-axis bidirectional load split hopkinson press bar and pull rod device further include and institute
State the connected data collector 8 of foil gauge.
Embodiment 1
The present embodiment is a kind of single-axis bidirectional load split hopkinson press bar and pull rod device and experimental method.
The inventive system comprises loading device and two incident bars, respectively incident bar a (the first incident bar) 4 and incidence
Bar b (the second incident bar) 5.
Adding proposed in Chinese invention patent of the loading device using Patent No. ZL 201510956545.4
It carries and sets, including power supply 1, capacitor charger 2 and load rifle 3.Capacitor charger 2 uses the power supply of existing electromagnetic rivetter
Point.And it after being connected in parallel the identical load rifle of two parameters 3, accesses in the capacitor charger 2.Power supply 1 uses
The three-phase alternating current of 220V.
In the present embodiment, capacitor charger 2 is using the electricity being published in the Chinese patent of Patent No. 200520079179
6 rated voltages are in the present embodiment 5000 volts, rated capacity is the arteries and veins of 2 millifarads by the power pack of magnetic riveting equipment
It rushes capacitor and composes in parallel capacitor group, the capacitor group and electronic switch are mounted in capacitor box, electronic cutting is passed through
Close the electric discharge of control capacitor group.Control cabinet includes mainly PLC and its control system.Control system is mainly by simulation control unit
Divide, digital control part and digital display portion form.Wherein simulation control part is using SIEMENS (Siemens) company
TCA785 chips.Digital control part exports expansion module by the S7-200 series CPU224 and Siemens's simulation input of Siemens
EM235 is formed.Charging voltage control is mainly realized by the pid control mode of Voltage loop and electric current loop.Digital display portion
Mainly it is made up of S7-200 series text displays TD200.
In the present embodiment, the main coil of two load rifles 3 is coiled into 32 circles using the copper strips of wide 25 millimeters (mm), thickness 2mm
Disccoil.
The present embodiment also proposes that a kind of single-axis bidirectional loads the experimental method of split hopkinson press bar and pull rod device,
Split hopkinson bar compression experiment is loaded including single-axis bidirectional and single-axis bidirectional load split hopkinson bar stretches in fact
It tests.
The detailed process of I single-axis bidirectional load split hopkinson bar compression experiment is：
Step 1. arrangement equipment.By two load rifles 3, incident bar a4 and incident bar b5, coaxial sequence is installed according to a conventional method
On experimental bench, and two incident bars is enable to be moved freely in axis direction.Two incident bars are using routine
The incident rod type of split hopkinson press bar, a diameter of 14 millimeters, length is 3.5 meters, and material is titanium alloy.Often by one
The separate type Hopkinson compression sample 6 of rule is installed between two incident bars, and the compression sample is cylindric, diameter and length
Degree is 5 millimeters, and material is aluminium alloy LY12.
Two load rifles 3 are assembled with incident bar a4 and incident bar b5 respectively using compress mode, specific method is：
Compression head is connect with amplifier, positioning tube passes through the through-hole of main coil, and one end where loading the compression head of rifle is close incident
Bar.The stress wave deferent segment for compressing head is coaxially fully bonded with incident rod end surface.
Step 2. pastes foil gauge.A pair of of foil gauge 7 is pasted using conventional method respectively on two incident bar peripheries,
It is i.e. using the incident rod axis as symmetry axis, the identical foil gauge of two panels parameter is symmetrical along the axis direction of incident bar bar
It is pasted onto on the circumferential surface at 1/2 length of the incident bar.Use resistance value for 1000 Europe in the present embodiment, sensitivity coefficient is
2.0 foil gauge；The weld strain piece lead on the pin of foil gauge, the foil gauge lead is using the double of a diameter of 0.5mm
The foil gauge is linked into favour stone by core shielding line by lead respectively to shield the electromagnetic interference generated in discharge process
In the opposite bridge arm of two of electric bridge 4.The fixed resistance in other two-arm in the Wheatstone bridge is 1000 Europe.Favour stone
The supply voltage of electric bridge is 30 volts of DC voltages.A twin-core shielded signal line is passed through to angle voltage by two of Wheatstone bridge
Data collector 8 is inputed to, the data collector 8 is using the GEN3i of HBM companies of Germany manufacture, the data collector tool
Have preferable interference shielding ability, in the data collector, using calculus of finite differences it is diagonal to two of Wheatstone bridge on
Voltage signal handled.
Step 3. is loaded and handles data.
The charging voltage of capacitor charger 2 is set as 1000 volts and is charged, after the completion of to be charged, pressing discharge switch makes
Two load rifles 3 of capacitor charger pair discharge, and since the parameter of two load rifles is identical, and are that access capacitance in parallel fills
Electric appliance 2, therefore discharge current can be synchronized and is uniformly distributed in two load rifles, to generate phase in two load rifles
Same compressional wave, described two compressional waves are passed in two incident bars respectively, and at the same time reaching compression sample 6 and to compression
Sample is loaded, and in the loading procedure of compression sample 6, since wave impedance mismatches, can respectively be produced in two incident bars
A raw back wave.Since two incidence wave amplitudes are identical with pulsewidth, and sample is loaded simultaneously, so can realize pair
The asymmetrical load of sample.
The bridge arm voltage that strain signal in bar is converted to favour stone half-bridge by the foil gauge being pasted onto on incident bar changes,
Data collector is connect by twin-core shielded signal line with Wheatstone bridge, and the data collector is by the bridge arm of Wheatstone bridge
Voltage change is acquired and is stored.Strain signal in incident bar is obtained in excel tables by following formula manipulation：
The Δ U/k/ of ε=2 (U0-ΔU) (1)
Wherein, ε is the strain signal in incident bar.U0For the supply voltage of Wheatstone bridge, k is foil gauge sensitivity system
Number, Δ U is the bridge arm voltage signal of favour stone half-bridge.
Strain signal in incident bar is made of the fluctuation of multiple separation, wherein first fluctuation is incidence wave εi, second
A fluctuation is back wave εr.The strain rate inside compression sample can be calculated by following formula (2), it can be with by formula (3)
The strain inside compression sample is calculated, the stress inside compression sample can be calculated by formula (4)：
Wherein, C0For the stress velocity of wave in incident bar, LsFor the initial length of sample.ABAnd AsRespectively incident bar and pressure
The cross-sectional area of contracting sample, E are the elasticity modulus of incident bar.εiAnd εrRespectively incidence wave and back wave, subscript a and b distinguish table
Show that two incident bars (are known as incident bar a and incident bar b).
Described in II single-axis bidirectional load split hopkinson bar stretching experiment detailed process be：
Step 1. arrangement equipment.By two load rifles 3, incident bar a4 and incident bar b5, coaxial sequence is installed according to a conventional method
On experimental bench, and two incident bars is enable to be moved freely in axis direction.Two incident bars use application number
The incident bar of Hopkinson pull rod employed in patent of invention for 201510956545.4.A diameter of 14 millimeters, length is
3.5 meters, material is titanium alloy, and described incident bar one end is machined with the external screw thread of connection boss 10, and the other end is machined with connection examination
The internal thread of the M8 of sample, the internal thread length are 10 millimeters.The separate type Hopkinson tensile sample 9 of one routine is passed through
It is threadably mounted between two incident bars, a diameter of 3 millimeters of the measuring section of the sample, length is 5 millimeters, and material is aluminium alloy
LY12。
Step 2. pastes foil gauge.A pair of of foil gauge 7 is pasted using conventional method respectively on two incident bar peripheries,
It is i.e. using the incident rod axis as symmetry axis, the identical foil gauge of two panels parameter is symmetrical along the axis direction of incident bar bar
It is pasted onto on the circumferential surface at 1/2 length of the incident bar.Use resistance value for 1000 Europe in the present embodiment, sensitivity coefficient is
2.0 foil gauge；The weld strain piece lead on the pin of foil gauge, the foil gauge lead is using the double of a diameter of 0.5mm
The foil gauge is linked into favour stone by core shielding line by lead respectively to shield the electromagnetic interference generated in discharge process
In the opposite bridge arm of two of electric bridge 4.The fixed resistance in other two-arm in the Wheatstone bridge is 1000 Europe.Favour stone
The supply voltage of electric bridge is 30 volts of DC voltages.A twin-core shielded signal line is passed through to angle voltage by two of Wheatstone bridge
Data collector 8 is inputed to, the data collector 8 is using the GEN3i of HBM companies of Germany manufacture, the data collector tool
Have preferable interference shielding ability, in the data collector, using calculus of finite differences it is diagonal to two of Wheatstone bridge on
Voltage signal handled.
Step 3. is loaded and handles data.2 charging voltage of capacitor charger is set as 1000 volts and is charged, waits filling
After the completion of electricity, so that two load rifles 3 of capacitor charger pair is discharged, since the parameter of two load rifles is identical, and be simultaneously
Couple into capacitor charger 2, therefore discharge current can be synchronized and is uniformly distributed in two load rifles, to add at two
It carries and generates identical compressional wave in rifle, described two compressional waves at tensile wave and enter incident in two 10 internal reflections of boss respectively
Bar.Tensile wave in two incident bars reaches tensile sample 9 simultaneously, since two stretching wave amplitudes are identical with pulsewidth, and simultaneously
Sample is loaded, so the asymmetrical load to tensile sample can be realized.
The bridge arm voltage that strain signal in bar is converted to favour stone half-bridge by the foil gauge being pasted onto on incident bar changes,
Data collector 8 is connect by twin-core shielded signal line with Wheatstone bridge, and the data collector is by the bridge of Wheatstone bridge
Arm voltage change is acquired and is stored.Strain signal in two incident bars, which is handled in excel tables by formula (1), to be obtained.
Similar with compress mode, the strain signal in incident bar is made of the fluctuation of multiple separation, wherein first fluctuation
For incidence wave εi, second fluctuation is back wave εr.The strain rate inside tensile sample can be calculated by following formula (2), is led to
Strain inside tensile sample can be calculated by crossing formula (3), and the stress inside tensile sample can be calculated by formula (4)：
In the present embodiment, power supply system is used for providing instantaneous heavy current to the main coil of load rifle, to make main line
Forceful electric power magnetic repulsion is generated between circle and secondary coil.Load rifle is used for generating electromagnetic repulsion force, and electromagnetic repulsion force is converted into stress wave,
Output is to incident bar after tapered amplifier amplifies.
In the experimental provision of the present embodiment, two identical load rifles are simultaneously connected into capacitances to supply power device, and discharge current is uniform
And two load rifles are distributed to simultaneously, therefore can ensure the synchronism of incidence wave in single-axis bidirectional load.
Electromagnetic induction repulsion is combined by the present embodiment with capacitor discharge in principle, directly generates stress pulse.It adopts
With traditional split hopkinson press bar and pull rod sample, you can carry out dynamic symmetry load to material, simultaneously due to both sides
Load, can be improved the strain rate of sample, and the time that sample can be made to reach stress equilibrium shortens, and the result of calculating is more accurate
Really.
The above description is merely a specific embodiment, but scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto, any
Those familiar with the art in the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, can easily think of the change or the replacement, and should all contain
Lid is within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of single-axis bidirectional load split hopkinson press bar and pull rod device, including loading device and two incident bars,
The loading device includes power supply, capacitor charger and load rifle, and the capacitor charger is using existing electromagnetic rivetter
Power pack, and after the identical load rifle of two parameters is connected in parallel, access in the capacitor charger.
2. single-axis bidirectional load split hopkinson press bar according to claim 1 and pull rod device, which is characterized in that
For described two incident bars using the incident rod type of conventional split hopkinson press bar, material is titanium alloy.
3. single-axis bidirectional load split hopkinson press bar according to claim 1 or 2 and pull rod device, feature exist
In being pasted with a pair of of foil gauge respectively using conventional method on described two incident bar peripheries.
4. single-axis bidirectional load split hopkinson press bar according to claim 1 or 2 and pull rod device, feature exist
In described two incident bars are co-axially mounted, and described two load rifles are located at the both ends of described two incident bars.
5. single-axis bidirectional load split hopkinson press bar according to claim 1 or 2 and pull rod device, feature exist
In the length L of incident bar follows the relationship of formula (A) when designing, to avoid the back wave and incidence surveyed at incident bar midpoint
Wave is overlapped：
L≥CT (A)
Wherein, C is spread speed of the stress wave in incident bar, and T is the incident wave period that is applied.
6. single-axis bidirectional load split hopkinson press bar according to claim 1 or 2 and pull rod device, feature exist
In described incident bar one end is machined with the external screw thread of connection boss, and the other end is machined with the internal thread of connection sample.
7. single-axis bidirectional load split hopkinson press bar according to claim 3 and pull rod device, which is characterized in that
It further include the data collector being connected with the foil gauge.
8. a kind of single-axis bidirectional load split hopkinson press bar and pull rod device according to aforementioned any claim
Experimental method, include the following steps：
Step 1. arrangement equipment：
By two load rifles, two incident bars, coaxial sequence is mounted on experimental bench according to a conventional method, and the incident bar is made to exist
Axis direction can move freely；Two incident bars use the incident rod type of conventional split hopkinson press bar；By one
A conventional separate type Hopkinson sample is mounted between two incident bars；
Step 2. pastes foil gauge：
A pair of of foil gauge is pasted using conventional method respectively on two incident bar peripheries, welds and answers on the pin of foil gauge
Become piece lead, in order to shield electromagnetic interference, the foil gauge lead is using in twin-core shielding line access Wheatstone bridge；Meanwhile
The Wheatstone bridge output signal accesses the input terminal of data collector using twin-core shielded signal line；
Step 3. is loaded and handles data：
It sets capacitor charger charging voltage to X to lie prostrate and charge, wherein X is specific required voltage value, and is filled in capacitance
Within the rated voltage of electric appliance, after the completion of to be charged, two load rifles of capacitor charger pair is made to discharge, due to two loads
The parameter of rifle is identical, and is access capacitor charger in parallel, therefore discharge current can synchronize and be uniformly distributed to two
It loads in rifle, to generate identical compressional wave in two load rifles, can realize the asymmetrical load to sample.
9. according to the method described in claim 8, it is characterized in that, the sample is conventional separate type Hopkinson compression examination
Sample, the compression specimen holder are assembled two load rifles using compress mode between two incident bars with incident bar,
Specific method is：Compression head is connect with amplifier, positioning tube passes through the through-hole of main coil, loads one where the compression head of rifle
End is close to incident bar；The stress wave deferent segment for compressing head is coaxially fully bonded with incident rod end surface；Two compressional waves
Respectively in incoming two incident bars, and at the same time reaching compression sample and being loaded to compression sample, in adding for compression sample
During load, since wave impedance mismatches, a back wave can be generated respectively in two incident bars；Due to two injected amplitudes
Value is identical with pulsewidth, and is loaded simultaneously to compression sample, so the asymmetrical load to compressing sample can be realized；It is pasted onto
The bridge arm voltage that strain signal in bar is converted to favour stone half-bridge by the foil gauge on incident bar changes, and data collector passes through
Twin-core shielded signal line is connect with Wheatstone bridge, and the data collector acquires the bridge arm voltage variation of Wheatstone bridge simultaneously
Storage.Strain signal in incident bar, which is handled in excel tables by following formula (1), to be obtained：
The Δ U/k/ of ε=2 (U0-ΔU) (1)
Wherein, ε is the strain signal in incident bar, U0For the supply voltage of Wheatstone bridge, k is foil gauge sensitivity coefficient, Δ
U is the bridge arm voltage signal of favour stone half-bridge；
Strain signal in incident bar is made of the fluctuation of multiple separation, wherein first fluctuation is incidence wave εi, second fluctuation
For back wave εr；The strain rate inside compression sample can be calculated by following formula (2), pressure can be calculated by formula (3)
Strain inside contracting sample can calculate the stress inside compression sample by formula (4)：
Wherein, C0For the stress velocity of wave in incident bar, LsFor the initial length of sample.ABAnd AsRespectively incident bar and compression sample
Cross-sectional area, E be incident bar elasticity modulus, εiAnd εrRespectively incidence wave and back wave, subscript a and b indicate two respectively
Incident bar, referred to as incident bar a and incident bar b.
10. according to the method described in claim 8, it is characterized in that, the sample is conventional separate type Hopkinson stretching
Sample, the tensile sample are mounted between two incident bars in a conventional manner, by two load rifles using stretching mode with
Incident bar is assembled, and specific method is：Positioning tube is passed through the through-hole of main coil, amplifier are located at main line with incident bar
The both ends of circle；There is externally threaded one end to sequentially pass through the through-hole of positioning tube and the threaded hole of amplifier incident bar, with amplifier
Threaded hole and the through-hole of positioning tube freely coordinate, incident bar has externally threaded one end to be pierced by amplifier, passes through screw thread with boss
Connection；Described two compressional waves are reflected into tensile wave in two boss respectively and enter incident bar；Stretching in two incident bars
Wave reaches tensile sample simultaneously, since two stretching wave amplitudes are identical with pulsewidth, and is loaded simultaneously to tensile sample, so
It can realize the asymmetrical load to tensile sample；Strain signal in bar is converted to Hui Si by the foil gauge being pasted onto on incident bar
The bridge arm voltage variation of logical half-bridge, data collector are connect by twin-core shielded signal line with Wheatstone bridge, and the data are adopted
The bridge arm voltage variation of Wheatstone bridge is acquired and is stored by storage；Strain signal in incident bar passes through in excel tables
Formula (1) processing obtains：
The Δ U/k/ of ε=2 (U0-ΔU) (1)
Wherein, ε is the strain signal in incident bar, U0For the supply voltage of Wheatstone bridge, k is foil gauge sensitivity coefficient, Δ
U is the bridge arm voltage signal of favour stone half-bridge；
Strain signal in incident bar is made of the fluctuation of multiple separation, wherein first fluctuation is incidence wave εi, second fluctuation
For back wave εr, the strain rate inside tensile sample can be calculated by following formula (2), drawing can be calculated by formula (3)
The strain inside sample is stretched, the stress inside tensile sample can be calculated by formula (4)：
Wherein, C0For the stress velocity of wave in incident bar, LsFor the initial length of sample.ABAnd AsRespectively incident bar and tensile sample
Cross-sectional area, E be incident bar elasticity modulus, εiAnd εrRespectively incidence wave and back wave, subscript a and b indicate two respectively
Incident bar, referred to as incident bar a and incident bar b.
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