CN108341904B - Preparation method of multiple fluorescence labeling polystyrene microspheres - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a preparation method of a multiple fluorescence labeling polystyrene microsphere, which comprises the following steps: the surface carboxylated polystyrene microsphere is prepared through two-step seed swelling polymerization, the polystyrene microsphere and the quantum dot are combined to prepare the quantum dot fluorescent microsphere, and carboxyl on the surface of the quantum dot fluorescent microsphere is coupled with phycoerythrin to obtain the multi-labeled fluorescent probe polystyrene microsphere. The method is simple, the raw materials are low in price, the prepared polystyrene microsphere is stable in structure, the double fluorescence labeling of the quantum dots and the phycoerythrin is utilized, the performance characteristics are obvious, the safety coefficient of the preparation process is high, and the polystyrene microsphere has no potential safety hazard to human bodies.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of preparation of polymer microsphere materials, in particular to a preparation method of multiple fluorescence labeling polystyrene microspheres.
Background
The polystyrene fluorescent microspheres are uniform microspheres dyed with a fluorescent reagent. The fluorescent microspheres are solid particles which have diameters ranging from nano-scale to micron-scale, are loaded with fluorescent substances and can excite fluorescence under the stimulation of external energy. The shape of the device can be any shape, and the typical shape is spherical. The carrier of the fluorescent microsphere is mostly organic or inorganic polymer material. It has relatively stable morphological structure and luminous behavior, is less influenced by external conditions such as solvent, heat, electricity, magnetism and the like than pure fluorescent compounds, and has been widely applied to the field of biomedicine as a novel carrier material. With the research on functional polymers, Fluorescent microspheres (Fluorescent microspheres) have important applications in many fields, especially in bioimmune detection, due to their stable morphological structure and stable and efficient luminous efficiency.
It is known that polystyrene microspheres have the special properties of good dispersibility, large specific surface area, biological inertness, no dissolution or swelling by common solvents, surface reaction capability and the like, have good binding capability to substances such as proteins, dyes, affinity ligands and the like, and are suitable as carriers of fluorescent substances in bioanalysis. The existing fluorescent substance has certain defects in the application process: 1. the light stability is poor, the luminous spectrum is narrow and discontinuous, the emission spectrum is wide and asymmetric, and the emission spectrum cannot be regulated and controlled; 2. the fluorescence is easy to quench and has short service life; 3. few fluorescent substances have certain radioactivity and toxicity and have potential safety hazards.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a preparation method of multiple fluorescence labeling polystyrene microspheres, which has simple preparation process, non-toxic and harmless raw materials, safety and reliability; meanwhile, the quantum dots and phycoerythrin are adopted to replace the traditional fluorescent substance for double labeling, so that the fluorescent dye is easy to combine with other molecules, the light stability is enhanced, and the fluorescence life is long.
The technical scheme for solving the technical problems is as follows:
a preparation method of a multi-fluorescence labeling polystyrene microsphere comprises the following steps:
s1: preparing surface carboxylated polystyrene microspheres by two-step seed swelling polymerization;
s2: combining the polystyrene microspheres in the S1 with quantum dots to prepare quantum dot fluorescent microspheres;
s3: carboxyl on the surface of the quantum dot fluorescent microsphere is coupled with phycoerythrin to obtain the multi-labeled fluorescent probe polystyrene microsphere.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the quantum dots replace the traditional fluorescent dye, and have good light stability, wide and continuous excitation spectrum and narrow and symmetrical emission spectrum; meanwhile, phycoerythrin is coupled for fluorescence analysis, double fluorescence labeling is realized, the fluorescence service life is long, and the fluorescence analysis effect is good; the invention has simple preparation method, nontoxic and harmless raw materials, high safety factor and no potential safety hazard to human bodies.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the invention can be further improved as follows.
Further, in the present invention, the surface carboxylated polystyrene microsphere in step S1 is specifically prepared by the following steps:
s11: mixing the seed microspheres with an emulsifier according to a mass ratio of 1: 5-10, and performing ultrasonic treatment to obtain a suspended first swelling material;
s12: mixing cyclohexane with the emulsifier according to the mass ratio of 1: 5-10, and performing ultrasonic treatment to obtain a suspended second swelling substance;
s13: mixing the first swelling material and the second swelling material according to the mass ratio of 1: 1-1.5, swelling for 4-8 h at room temperature, then sequentially adding an initiator, a polymerization monomer, a cross-linking agent and the emulsifier, wherein the dosage ratio of the initiator, the polymerization monomer, the cross-linking agent and the emulsifier is 0.1: 5-10: 10-20: 5-10, and continuously stirring for 6-12 h;
s14: transferring the solution to an oil bath kettle at the temperature of 80-120 ℃, sequentially adding a stabilizer, a coloring agent and ultrapure water in the dosage ratio of 2-10: 0.03-0.15: 5-25 for reacting for 6-18 h, finally washing with 10-15 vol% ethanol, and performing gravity screening to obtain the carboxylated microspheres with uniform size.
Further, the emulsifier in step S11 is Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS).
Further, the initiator in step S13 is dibenzoyl peroxide (BPO), the polymerization monomer is styrene, and the crosslinking agent is divinylbenzene, toluene, or acrylic acid.
Further, in step S14, the stabilizer is polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), and the coloring agent is methylene blue.
Further, in the present invention, the quantum dot fluorescent microspheres in step S2 are specifically prepared as follows:
s21: adding the carboxylated polystyrene microspheres into a dispersing agent, wherein the adding concentration is 10-2～10-8The mass ratio of the mmol/L quantum dot solution to the addition of the carboxylated polystyrene microspheres to the quantum dot microspheres is 1:10-3～10-9Carrying out solid-liquid separation by ultrasonic treatment, and then drying and volatilizing the solvent in vacuum;
s22: and (3) washing the solid in the S21 for 2-3 times by using a mixed solution of ethanol and cyclohexane with a volume ratio of 95:5, and storing the washed solid in 10-1000 mL of ultrapure water to obtain the quantum dot fluorescent microspheres.
Further, the dispersant in the step S21 is a mixed solution of chloroform and isopropanol, and the volume ratio of chloroform to isopropanol is 95: 5.
Further, in the present invention, the specific preparation steps of coupling the quantum dot fluorescent microspheres and phycoerythrin in step S3 are as follows:
s31: dispersing the quantum dot fluorescent microspheres in S22 into a buffer solution, adding a coupling agent, and stirring for 15-20 min to obtain a reaction solution, wherein the mass ratio of the quantum dot fluorescent microspheres to the buffer solution to the coupling agent is 1: 500-600: 0.15-0.3;
s32: adding phycoerythrin into the S31 reaction solution, wherein the mass ratio of the added phycoerythrin to the quantum dot fluorescent microspheres in the reaction solution is 0.1-10: 1, carrying out rotary oscillation reaction at 30-60 ℃ for 2-4 h, and then washing with the buffer solution.
Further, the coupling agent is a mixture of 1-ethyl- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC. HCL) and N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) in an amount ratio of 1: 2-5.
Further, the buffer solution is 0.01mol/L PBS buffer solution.
Detailed Description
The principles and features of this invention are described below in conjunction with specific embodiments, which are set forth merely to illustrate the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a multi-fluorescence labeled polystyrene microsphere, which comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing the surface carboxylated polystyrene microsphere through two-step seed swelling polymerization:
s11: weighing 0.1g of seed microspheres, adding the seed microspheres into 30 mL0.25Wt% of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS) aqueous solution, and performing ultrasonic dispersion for 20min under the condition of 200W to obtain a first swelling substance;
s12: adding 0.1g of cyclohexane into 30ml of 0.25Wt% Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS) aqueous solution, and performing ultrasonic dispersion for 20min under the condition of 200W to obtain a second swelling substance;
s13: mixing the first swelling material and the second swelling material according to the proportion of 1:1.2, swelling for 4 hours at room temperature, sequentially adding 0.1g of dibenzoyl peroxide (BPO), 20g of styrene, 20g of divinylbenzene, 20g of toluene, 1.0g of acrylic acid and 80ml of 0.25Wt% Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS) aqueous solution, and continuously stirring for 6 hours;
s14: transferring the solution to an oil bath kettle at 80 ℃, sequentially adding 4g of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP, K & ltSUB & gt 30), 5mL7.5mg/mL of methylene blue aqueous solution and 50mL of ultrapure water for reacting for 6h, finally washing with 10 vol% of ethanol, and carrying out gravity screening to obtain carboxylated microspheres with uniform sizes;
s2, combining the polystyrene microspheres in the S1 with quantum dots to prepare quantum dot fluorescent microspheres:
s21: adding the carboxylated polystyrene microspheres into 50mL of mixed solution of chloroform and isopropanol, wherein the volume ratio of the chloroform to the isopropanol is 95:5, and then adding 100mL of 10-concentration mixture-3Carrying out ultrasonic treatment on mmol/L quantum dot solution for 10min under the condition of 400W, then carrying out solid-liquid separation, and then carrying out vacuum drying to volatilize the solvent;
s22: washing the solid in the S21 with 100mL of mixed solution of ethanol and cyclohexane (the volume ratio of ethanol to cyclohexane is 95:5) for 2-3 times, and storing the solid in 100mL of ultrapure water to obtain the quantum dot fluorescent microspheres;
s3, coupling carboxyl on the surface of the quantum dot fluorescent microsphere with phycoerythrin to obtain the multi-labeled fluorescent probe polystyrene microsphere:
s31: dispersing the quantum dot fluorescent microspheres in S22 in 5ml PBS buffer solution, adding a mixture of 6mg of 1-ethyl- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbonyldiimine hydrochloride (EDC.HCL) and 13mg of N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) serving as a carboxyl coupling agent, and stirring for 15 min;
s32: 30mg of phycoerythrin was added to the reaction solution of S31, followed by reaction at 37 ℃ with rotary shaking for 2 hours, and then washed with the above 0.01mol/L PBS buffer solution.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a multi-fluorescence labeled polystyrene microsphere, which comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing the surface carboxylated polystyrene microsphere through two-step seed swelling polymerization:
s11: weighing 0.3g of seed microspheres, adding the seed microspheres into 60mL of 0.25 Wt% Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS) aqueous solution, and performing ultrasonic dispersion for 30min under the condition of 300W to obtain a first swelling substance;
s12: adding 0.3g of cyclohexane into 60mL of 0.25 Wt% Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS) aqueous solution, and performing ultrasonic dispersion for 30min under the condition of 300W to obtain a second swelling substance;
s13: mixing the first swelling material and the second swelling material according to a ratio of 1:1.3, swelling for 6 hours at room temperature, sequentially adding 0.3g of dibenzoyl peroxide (BPO), 30g of styrene, 30g of divinylbenzene, 30g of toluene, 1.5g of acrylic acid and 80 mL0.25Wt% of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS) aqueous solution, and continuously stirring for 9 hours;
s14: transferring the solution to an oil bath kettle at 80 ℃, sequentially adding 6g of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP, K & ltequal to 30), 15mL of 7.5mg/mL methylene blue aqueous solution and 50mL of ultrapure water, reacting for 12h, finally washing with 10 vol% ethanol, and carrying out gravity screening to obtain carboxylated microspheres with uniform sizes;
s2, combining the polystyrene microspheres in the S1 with quantum dots to prepare quantum dot fluorescent microspheres:
s21: adding the carboxylated polystyrene microspheres into 200mL of chloroform-isopropanol mixed solution, wherein the volume ratio of chloroform to isopropanol is 95:5, and then adding 500mL of 10-concentration mixture-5Carrying out ultrasonic treatment on mmol/L quantum dot solution for 10min under the condition of 400W, then carrying out solid-liquid separation, and then carrying out vacuum drying to volatilize the solvent;
s22: washing the solid in S21 with 600mL of ethanol and cyclohexane mixed solution (the volume ratio of ethanol to cyclohexane is 95:5) for 2-3 times, and storing the solid in 600mL of ultrapure water to obtain quantum dot fluorescent microspheres;
s3, coupling carboxyl on the surface of the quantum dot fluorescent microsphere with phycoerythrin to obtain the multi-labeled fluorescent probe polystyrene microsphere:
s31: dispersing the quantum dot fluorescent microspheres in S22 in 5mL PBS buffer solution, adding a mixture of 7mg of 1-ethyl- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbonyldiimine hydrochloride (EDC.HCL) and 15mg of N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) serving as a carboxyl coupling agent, and stirring for 18 min;
s32: 60mg of phycoerythrin was added to the reaction solution of S31, followed by reaction at 37 ℃ with rotary shaking for 3 hours, and then washed with the above 0.01mol/L PBS buffer solution.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a multi-fluorescence labeled polystyrene microsphere, which comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing the surface carboxylated polystyrene microsphere through two-step seed swelling polymerization:
s11: weighing 0.5g of seed microspheres, adding the seed microspheres into 90mL of 0.25 Wt% Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS) aqueous solution, and performing ultrasonic dispersion for 40min under the condition of 100-500W to obtain a first swelling substance;
s12: adding 0.5g of cyclohexane into 90mL of 0.25 Wt% Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS) aqueous solution, and performing ultrasonic dispersion for 40min under the condition of 400W to obtain a second swelling substance;
s13: mixing the first swelling material and the second swelling material according to a ratio of 1:1.4, swelling for 8h at room temperature, sequentially adding 0.5g of dibenzoyl peroxide (BPO), 40g of styrene, 40g of divinylbenzene, 40g of toluene, 2.0g of acrylic acid and 80 mL0.25Wt% of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS) aqueous solution, and continuously stirring for 12 h;
s14: transferring the solution to an oil bath kettle at 80 ℃, sequentially adding 8g of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP, K & ltSUB & gt 30), 20mL of 7.5mg/mL methylene blue aqueous solution and 50mL of ultrapure water, reacting for 18h, finally washing with 10 vol% ethanol, and carrying out gravity screening to obtain the carboxylated microspheres with uniform sizes;
s2, combining the polystyrene microspheres in the S1 with quantum dots to prepare quantum dot fluorescent microspheres:
s21: adding the carboxylated polystyrene microspheres into 400mL of mixed solution of chloroform and isopropanol, wherein the volume ratio of the chloroform to the isopropanol is 95:5, and then adding 800mL of 10-concentration mixture-7Carrying out ultrasonic treatment on mmol/L quantum dot solution for 10min under the condition of 400W, then carrying out solid-liquid separation, and then carrying out vacuum drying to volatilize the solvent;
s22: washing the solid in S21 with 900mL of ethanol and cyclohexane mixed solution (the volume ratio of ethanol to cyclohexane is 95:5) for 2-3 times, and storing the solid in 800mL of ultrapure water to obtain quantum dot fluorescent microspheres;
s3, coupling carboxyl on the surface of the quantum dot fluorescent microsphere with phycoerythrin to obtain the multi-labeled fluorescent probe polystyrene microsphere:
s31: dispersing the quantum dot fluorescent microspheres in S22 in 5mL PBS buffer solution, adding a mixture of 9mg of 1-ethyl- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbonyldiimine hydrochloride (EDC.HCL) and 20mg of N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) serving as a carboxyl coupling agent, and stirring for 20 min;
s32: 90mg of phycoerythrin was added to the reaction solution of S31, followed by reaction at 37 ℃ for 4 hours with rotary shaking and washing with the above 0.01mol/L PBS buffer solution.
Compared with the traditional fluorescent dye, the quantum dot has the advantages of good light stability, wide and continuous excitation spectrum, narrow and symmetrical emission spectrum, larger Stokes shift and good biocompatibility. The fluorescence lifetime of quantum dots is relatively longer. More remarkably, in a certain range, the quantum dots can also realize the regulation and control of the emission spectrum of the quantum dots by adjusting the size of the quantum dots; the solubility of the compound can be regulated and controlled according to the surface modification of the compound, and the regulation and control are more flexible
The phycoerythrin is used for fluorescence analysis at the same time, and has the advantages that the traditional chemical fluorescent dye cannot compare with the prior chemical fluorescent dye: the fluorescent material has a wide absorption spectrum in a wide pH range, and is easy to select a proper excitation wavelength, so that high-efficiency fluorescence emission is obtained, and a specific fluorescence emission peak is generated during excitation; the absorbance and the fluorescence quantum yield are high, the fluorescence intensity is stable, and the sensitivity is high; the fluorescent material has smaller fluorescent background, is not easy to quench, and has longer fluorescent retention period; the water solubility is excellent, other molecules are easy to be cross-linked and combined, and the non-specific adsorption is less; the pure natural marine organism extract has no toxic or side effect, no radioactivity and safe operation and use.
In comparison, the polystyrene microsphere prepared by the preparation method provided by the invention has the characteristics of double fluorescence labeling, uniform size, more obvious fluorescence characteristic and longer fluorescence life, is beneficial to fluorescence analysis, and is especially applied to the fluorescence analysis of nano biological materials, and the analysis effect is obvious. The polystyrene microsphere provided by the invention has wide application range, can be applied to the field of nano biomaterials, can also be applied to the fields of biochemical sensors, optical materials, biomedicine, flow fluorescence, digital medical treatment and the like, and has very wide market prospect.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (10)
1. The preparation method of the multiple fluorescence labeling polystyrene microsphere is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: preparing surface carboxylated polystyrene microspheres by two-step seed swelling polymerization;
s2: combining the polystyrene microspheres in the S1 with quantum dots to prepare quantum dot fluorescent microspheres;
s3: carboxyl on the surface of the quantum dot fluorescent microsphere is coupled with phycoerythrin to obtain the multi-labeled fluorescent probe polystyrene microsphere.
2. The method for preparing multiple fluorescence labeling polystyrene microspheres according to claim 1, wherein the surface carboxylated polystyrene microspheres in step S1 are prepared by the following steps:
s11: mixing the seed microspheres with an emulsifier according to a mass ratio of 1: 5-10, and performing ultrasonic treatment to obtain a suspended first swelling material;
s12: mixing cyclohexane with the emulsifier according to the mass ratio of 1: 5-10, and performing ultrasonic treatment to obtain a suspended second swelling substance;
s13: mixing the first swelling material and the second swelling material according to a mass ratio of 1: 1-1.5, swelling for 4-8 h at room temperature, then sequentially adding an initiator, styrene, a cross-linking agent and the emulsifier, wherein the dosage ratio of the initiator, the styrene, the cross-linking agent and the emulsifier is 0.1: 5-10: 10-20: 5-10, and continuously stirring for 6-12 h;
s14: transferring the solution to an oil bath kettle at the temperature of 80-120 ℃, sequentially adding a stabilizer, a coloring agent and ultrapure water in a mass ratio of 2-10: 0.03-0.15: 5-25, reacting for 6-18 h, washing with 10-15 vol% ethanol, and performing gravity screening to obtain the carboxylated microspheres with uniform sizes.
3. The method for preparing the multiple fluorescence labeling polystyrene microsphere according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the emulsifier in step S11 is sodium lauryl sulfate.
4. The method for preparing the multiple fluorescence labeling polystyrene microsphere according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the initiator in the step S13 is dibenzoyl peroxide, and the cross-linking agent is divinylbenzene or toluene or acrylic acid.
5. The method for preparing the multiple fluorescence labeling polystyrene microsphere according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step S14, the stabilizer is polyvinylpyrrolidone, and the coloring agent is methylene blue.
6. The method for preparing multiple fluorescence labeling polystyrene microspheres according to claim 1, wherein the quantum dot fluorescence microspheres in step S2 are specifically prepared by the following steps:
s21: adding the carboxylated polystyrene microspheres into a dispersing agent, wherein the adding concentration is 10-2～10-8The mass ratio of the mmol/L quantum dot solution to the carboxylated polystyrene microspheres in the solution is 1:10-3～10-9Carrying out solid-liquid separation by ultrasonic treatment, and then drying and volatilizing the solvent in vacuum;
s22: and (3) washing the solid obtained in the step (S21) for 2-3 times by using a mixed solution of ethanol and cyclohexane in a volume ratio of 95:5, and storing the solid into ultrapure water to obtain the quantum dot fluorescent microspheres.
7. The method for preparing multiple fluorescence labeling polystyrene microspheres according to claim 6, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the dispersing agent in the step S21 is a mixed solution of chloroform and isopropanol, and the volume ratio of the chloroform to the isopropanol is 95: 5.
8. The method for preparing multiple fluorescence labeling polystyrene microspheres according to claim 6, wherein the specific preparation steps of coupling the quantum dot fluorescent microspheres and phycoerythrin in step S3 are as follows:
s31: dispersing the quantum dot fluorescent microspheres in S22 into a buffer solution, adding a coupling agent, and stirring for 15-20 min to obtain a reaction solution, wherein the mass ratio of the quantum dot fluorescent microspheres to the buffer solution to the coupling agent is 1: 500-600: 0.15-0.3;
s32: adding phycoerythrin into the reaction solution of S31, wherein the mass ratio of the added phycoerythrin to the quantum fluorescent microspheres in the reaction solution is 0.1-10: 1, carrying out rotary oscillation reaction at 30-60 ℃ for 2-4 h, and then washing with the buffer solution.
9. The method for preparing multiple fluorescence labeling polystyrene microspheres according to claim 8, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the coupling agent is a mixture of 1-ethyl- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride and N-hydroxysuccinimide in a dosage ratio of 1: 2-5.
10. The method for preparing multiple fluorescence labeling polystyrene microspheres according to claim 8, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the buffer solution is 0.01mol/L PBS buffer solution.
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