CN108334028A - A kind of determination method of the one-dimensional optimum temperature measuring point of machine tool chief axis - Google Patents
A kind of determination method of the one-dimensional optimum temperature measuring point of machine tool chief axis Download PDFInfo
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- CN108334028A CN108334028A CN201810099206.2A CN201810099206A CN108334028A CN 108334028 A CN108334028 A CN 108334028A CN 201810099206 A CN201810099206 A CN 201810099206A CN 108334028 A CN108334028 A CN 108334028A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
- G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
- G05B19/18—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form
- G05B19/401—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form characterised by control arrangements for measuring, e.g. calibration and initialisation, measuring workpiece for machining purposes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
- G05B2219/30—Nc systems
- G05B2219/34—Director, elements to supervisory
- G05B2219/34242—For measurement only
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of determination method of the one-dimensional optimum temperature measuring point of lathe.Several temperature points are arranged in the axial direction on measuring axis first, start lathe, make machine tool chief axis high-speed rotation, after equal lathes temperature reaches thermal balance, shut down cooling, in above procedure temperature sampling is carried out to measuring each temperature point of axis respectively, and the relation curve and mirror curve of temperature and time is respectively prepared, temperature is in the temperature point of approximately linear variation at any time during choosing temperature rise and declining, it is used in combination least square method to be fitted its heating and cooling linear equation respectively, with one-variable linear regression effect significance test its whether meet linear relationship, so that it is determined that whether the temperature measuring point is the one-dimensional optimum temperature measurement point of lathe.The present invention is in Thermal Error Model for Spindle of Machine Tool, it is only necessary to a temperature sensor measuring point is arranged on main shaft, the error compensation model established with the temperature point, using convenient, precision height.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the technical fields that machine tool error measures, more particularly, to a kind of one-dimensional best temperature of machine tool chief axis
Spend the determination method of measuring point.
Background technology
Thermal Error has accounted for the 40%-70% of lathe overall error, and it is to carry out Thermal Error benefit to select rational temperature point
The precondition repaid.Currently, for a kind of three common shaft vertical machine tool chief axis, with the method for finite element analysis, just
The dynamic and static temperature of lathe each point can be simulated.However, the precision floatability of finite element analysis is bigger, based on modeling water
The knot of the uncertainty of the simulation of gentle boundary condition, load working condition and the stiffness coefficient equal error of material to finite element analysis
Fruit is affected, and itself cannot adjust, meanwhile, also there is centainly lathe heat source conduction in the installation gap of lathe difference component
It influences, the best measuring point of lathe temperature is determined with the method for finite element analysis, the time needed is longer, and difficulty is larger.
The method chosen at present for measuring point on machine tool chief axis, what is largely used is that clustering is either statistical
Method often at least needs to arrange that 3-4 measuring point, the especially temperature characterisitics layouted of difference are different after optimization, according to
Nonlinear characteristic, and temperature rise and variation when declining is presented in temperature potential Field distribution characteristic, most of place's temperature of layouting
It is inconsistent, in thermal error modeling, two different error amounts are corresponded to respectively when cloth office point temperature rise is from decline, this just makes
At the inconvenience for establishing Thermal Error model.But according to temperature potential field variation characteristic, it can at least find that there are one the temperature layouted
Linear rule is presented in degree variation, if going to establish error model with the point, it will greatly improve the convenience and accuracy of modeling.
Therefore, there is an urgent need for a kind of methods to come the accurate cloth office point found temperature change on machine tool chief axis and linear rule is presented.
Invention content
The present invention provides a kind of finding method of machine tool chief axis one-dimension temperature linear change point, to solve to deposit in the prior art
Heat error compensation when temperature measure the problem of layout point is chosen, the temperature of this measuring point has stronger linear with run time
Relationship, temperature change is more steady, and when being modeled for heat error compensation, energy simplification error compensation model improves error and mends
Repay precision.
Technical solution provided by the invention is specific as follows：
A kind of determination method of the one-dimensional optimum temperature measuring point of machine tool chief axis, includes the following steps：
The measurement main shaft of S1, selecting machine tool, are evenly arranged n temperature point in the axial direction on main shaft；
S2, lathe is started, after so that main shaft high-speed rotation, standby bed tempertaure is reached thermal balance with external environment, shuts down, make machine
Bed Temperature fall measures during the raising of this machine tool chief axis temperature is with declining and obtains each temperature on measurement main shaft and survey respectively
The relation curve of the temperature and time of point, while mirror curve is drawn, during qualitatively judging out temperature rise and declining
Temperature and time is in the temperature point of linear approximate relationship；
S3, the temperature for being fitted temperature rise and the temperature points chosen of step S2 during decline respectively using least square method
The linear equation changed over time is spent, and whether it meets linear relationship with the significance test of one-variable linear regression effect,
So that it is determined that whether the temperature point is the one-dimensional optimum temperature measuring point of machine tool chief axis.
In the step S2：The Wen number of degrees Ju ﹛ y of each temperature point are acquired every Δ ti(1), yi(2) ... ..., yi(n) ﹜,
By the temperature data of each temperature point be depicted as respectively with the relevant curves of time t, relatively after temperature rise with decline during
Temperature T is in the temperature point of linear approximate relationship with time t；
Wherein：yiFor the data point of temperature；
yi(n) be n-th of temperature point in time point xiThe temperature measured；
xiFor the data point of time t；
I=1,2 ..., N；
N is heating or the cooling data group number for the temperature point that step S2 chooses；
Δ t is the interval time of adjacent temperature signal collection twice.
The step S3 includes the following steps：
Using least square fitting temperature rise or the temperature T of step S2 chooses during declining temperature point at any time
Between t change linear equation：
T=a+bt (1)
Wherein：A is intercept, and b is slope；
Its discriminate is：
Wherein：For regression criterion quadratic sum.
Local derviation is asked respectively to a, b, and it is zero to enable result, is obtained：
Equation group is obtained after being arranged by formula (3), formula (4)：
aN+b∑xi=∑ yi (5)
Solve above-mentioned equation group, you can acquire the best estimate of a and bWith
Seek the correlation coefficient r of least square method：
Wherein：R indicates that the functional relation between two variables of x, y meets journey with linear
Degree, r ∈ [- 1,1]；
If | r | → 1, linear relationship is good between x, y；
If | r | → 0, without linear relationship between x, y, fitting is meaningless.
Δ t=0.1-1.0s.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：In Thermal Error Model for Spindle of Machine Tool, it is only necessary at one
Temperature point arranges a temperature sensor, the error compensation model established with the temperature point, using convenient, precision height.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is Spindle thermal error measuring point distribution map.
Fig. 2 is the temperature variation of measuring point 1.
Fig. 3 is the temperature variation of measuring point 2.
Fig. 4 is the temperature variation of measuring point 3.
Fig. 5 is the temperature variation of measuring point 4.
Fig. 6 is the temperature variation of measuring point 5.
Fig. 7 is the temperature variation of measuring point 6.
Fig. 8 is the temperature variation of measuring point 7.
Fig. 9 is the temperature variation of measuring point 8.
Figure 10 is the temperature variation of measuring point 9.
Figure 11 is the temperature variation of measuring point 10.
Specific implementation mode
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings 1, the vertical XHK-715 lathes produced with Hubei rivers and mountains China Tech digitizer Co., Ltd
For measuring Spindle thermal error, technical scheme of the present invention is described in further detail.Specifically comprise the following steps：
(1) according to the length 450mm of machine tool chief axis, measurement starting point is started setting up from bearing and is terminated to main shaft end,
It determines and measures separation delta L=50mm, machine tool chief axis direction measuring point number is 450 ÷ 50+1=10, as shown in Figure 1.Temperature sensing
Device selects the infra-red thermometer of model CK-01A, the interval time Δ t of adjacent temperature signal collection to be twice set as 0.5s,
The terminal of temperature sensor is LM-8052NET temperature samplers, forms the temperature acquisition network of TCP/IP.
(2) heating sampling is carried out to lathe：The environment temperature of this experiment is 15 DEG C, and setting machine tool chief axis heating rotating speed is
5000r/min starts lathe, and machine tool chief axis is persistently overheating in rotation process, and a main shaft is acquired every 0.5s in temperature-rise period
The temperature of upper each measuring point, 4 hours (depending on the actual conditions of every lathe) of heating time, what heating time judged
Standard is that lathe reaches thermal equilibrium state (lathe temperature no longer rises the thermal equilibrium state of as lathe), and it is flat to wait for that lathe reaches heat
Weighing apparatus state just completes the heating sampling operation of lathe.
(3) cooling sampling is carried out to lathe：After standby bed tempertaure reaches equalized temperature with environment temperature, machine tool chief axis is made to stop
Rotation stop is dynamic, and lathe temperature is begun to decline at this time, acquires the temperature of each measuring point on a main shaft in temperature-fall period every 0.5s, standby
Bed tempertaure terminates cooling sampling after being down to environment temperature.
(4) selection main feature point makes the temperature and time relation curve and mirror image of each measuring point on main shaft, is analyzed
Compare：As shown in Fig. 2, measuring point 1 is located at bearing, temperature rises comparatively fast at any time, since temperature is higher, when lathe is shut down,
The decline of its temperature is also very fast, and all in all, the temperature rate-of-rise variation of measuring point 1 is changed greatly with temperature fall off rate, is not
Optimum temperature measuring point；As shown in Fig. 3~Fig. 6, there is " rising is more and more slower, declines increasingly for the temperature of these measuring points
Slowly " the characteristics of, because the equilibrium temperature of measuring point 2, measuring point 3, measuring point 4 continuously decreases, institute smaller and smaller with the temperature difference of external environment
Also smaller and smaller with its heat dissipation, all in all, the temperature rise of measuring point 5 and the rate variation of decline are smaller, sentence from mirror image is qualitative
Disconnected measuring point 5 best suits linear relationship；As shown in fig. 7,6 temperature rise of measuring point is more slow, temperature declines then more rapidly, overall
From the point of view of, temperature rate-of-rise and temperature fall off rate difference are larger, are not one-dimensional optimum temperature measuring points；Such as Fig. 7~Figure 11 institutes
Show, because these measuring points are more and more remoter from heat source, the characteristics of there is " heatings slower, cooling very fast ", either its temperature
Climbing speed and temperature fall off rate are spent, variation is all bigger, hence it is evident that does not meet the standard of one-dimensional optimum temperature measuring point.To sum up institute
It states, measuring point 5 is the one-dimensional optimum temperature measuring point of machine tool chief axis.
(5) measuring point 5 for selecting step (4) is used as the one-dimensional optimum temperature measuring point of main shaft, it is calculated with least square method
Fit equation.
T=a+bt (1)
Wherein：T is temperature, and t is the time, and a is intercept, and b is slope；
Its discriminate is：
Wherein：xiFor the data point of time t；
yiFor the data point of temperature；
I=1,2 ..., N；
N is heating or the cooling data group number for the temperature point that step S2 chooses；
Δ t is the interval time of adjacent temperature signal collection twice；
For regression criterion quadratic sum
Local derviation is asked respectively to a, b in above formula, and it is zero to enable result, is obtained：
Equation group is obtained after arrangement：
aN+b∑xi=∑ yi (5)
Solve above-mentioned equation group, you can acquire the best estimate of a and bWith
Data are brought into calculate：
Its equation of linear regression is:
T=0.1t+15
Seek the correlation coefficient r of least square method：
Wherein：R indicates the functional relation between two variables and linear matching degree, r ∈
[- 1,1].| r | → 1, linear relationship is good between x, y, | r | → 0, without linear relationship between x, y, fitting is meaningless.
Data are substituted into obtain：
R=1
Obvious linear fit relationship is best, similarly, carries out linear fit to temperature lowering curve and is repeated no more because principle is consistent,
The fit curve equation that must cool down is：
T '=- 0.14t+72.9
R=-0.998
Its obvious linear relationship is good.Accordingly, it is determined that measuring point 5 is the one-dimensional optimum temperature measuring point of machine tool chief axis.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of determination method of the one-dimensional optimum temperature measuring point of machine tool chief axis, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
The measurement main shaft of S1, selecting machine tool, are evenly arranged n temperature point in the axial direction on main shaft；
S2, lathe is started, after so that main shaft high-speed rotation, standby bed tempertaure is reached thermal balance with external environment, shut down, make lathe certainly
So cooling measures during the raising of this machine tool chief axis temperature is with declining and obtains each temperature point on measurement main shaft respectively
The relation curve of temperature and time, while mirror curve is drawn, to qualitatively judge out temperature rise and temperature during decline
It is in the temperature point of linear approximate relationship with the time；
S3, be fitted temperature rise respectively using least square method and decline during the temperature of temperature point chosen of step S2 with
The linear equation of time change, and whether it meets linear relationship with the significance test of one-variable linear regression effect, to
Determine whether the temperature point is the one-dimensional optimum temperature measuring point of machine tool chief axis.
2. the determination method of the one-dimensional optimum temperature measuring point of machine tool chief axis according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step
In rapid S2：The Wen number of degrees Ju ﹛ y of each temperature point are acquired every Δ ti(1), yi(2) ... ..., yi(n) ﹜, by each temperature point
Temperature data be depicted as respectively with the relevant curves of time t, relatively after temperature rise with decline during temperature T with time t
In the temperature point of linear approximate relationship；
Wherein：yiFor the data point of temperature；
yi(n) be n-th of temperature point in time point xiThe temperature measured；
xiFor the data point of time t；
I=1,2 ..., N；
N is heating or the cooling data group number for the temperature point that step S2 chooses；
Δ t is the interval time of adjacent temperature signal collection twice.
3. the determination method of the one-dimensional optimum temperature measuring point of machine tool chief axis according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the step
Rapid S3 includes the following steps：
Using least square fitting temperature rise or the temperature T of step S2 chooses during declining temperature point t at any time
The linear equation of variation：
T=a+bt (1)
Wherein：A is intercept, and b is slope；
Its discriminate is：
Wherein：For regression criterion quadratic sum；
Local derviation is asked respectively to a, b, and it is zero to enable result, is obtained：
Equation group is obtained after being arranged by formula (3), formula (4)：
aN+b∑xi=∑ yi (5)
Solve above-mentioned equation group, you can acquire the best estimate of a and bWith
Seek the correlation coefficient r of least square method：
Wherein：Functional relation between r expression two variables of x, y and linear matching degree, r ∈ [-
1,1]；
If | r | → 1, linear relationship is good between x, y；
If | r | → 0, without linear relationship between x, y, fitting is meaningless.
4. the determination method of the one-dimensional optimum temperature measuring point of machine tool chief axis according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：Δ t=
0.1-1.0s。
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN109412050A (en) * | 2018-11-14 | 2019-03-01 | 贵州电网有限责任公司 | The adjusting method of switchgear house environment adjustment system based on sensors optimum placement |
| CN113118868A (en) * | 2021-03-10 | 2021-07-16 | 大连交通大学 | Vertical and horizontal machining center spindle temperature compensation measurement general structure and measurement method |
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| CN102122146A (en) * | 2011-01-06 | 2011-07-13 | 上海交通大学 | Thermal-error real-time compensation system for high-speed precise machining and compensation method thereof |
| CN102759900A (en) * | 2012-06-29 | 2012-10-31 | 上海三一精机有限公司 | System and method for testing machine tool spindle thermal error |
| CN204065781U (en) * | 2014-07-24 | 2014-12-31 | 湖北文理学院 | A kind of numerical control gantry machine tool heat error compensation control device |
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2018
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Patent Citations (5)
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| JPS63126009A (en) * | 1986-11-15 | 1988-05-30 | Kobe Steel Ltd | Method for foreseeing working limit of teaching playback type robot |
| CN101290266A (en) * | 2008-06-17 | 2008-10-22 | 上海理工大学 | Numerical control machine heat error compensation temperature point position determination method |
| CN102122146A (en) * | 2011-01-06 | 2011-07-13 | 上海交通大学 | Thermal-error real-time compensation system for high-speed precise machining and compensation method thereof |
| CN102759900A (en) * | 2012-06-29 | 2012-10-31 | 上海三一精机有限公司 | System and method for testing machine tool spindle thermal error |
| CN204065781U (en) * | 2014-07-24 | 2014-12-31 | 湖北文理学院 | A kind of numerical control gantry machine tool heat error compensation control device |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN109412050A (en) * | 2018-11-14 | 2019-03-01 | 贵州电网有限责任公司 | The adjusting method of switchgear house environment adjustment system based on sensors optimum placement |
| CN109412050B (en) * | 2018-11-14 | 2020-07-31 | 贵州电网有限责任公司 | Adjusting method of distribution room environment adjusting system based on sensor optimal arrangement |
| CN113118868A (en) * | 2021-03-10 | 2021-07-16 | 大连交通大学 | Vertical and horizontal machining center spindle temperature compensation measurement general structure and measurement method |
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Effective date of registration: 20220105 Address after: 441705 Wudang Road, Shihua Town, Gucheng County, Xiangyang City, Hubei Province Patentee after: HUBEI GUCHENG COUNTY DONGHUA MACHINERY CO.,LTD. Address before: 441053 No. 296, Longzhong Road, Xiangcheng District, Xiangyang City, Hubei Province Patentee before: HUBEI University OF ARTS AND SCIENCE Patentee before: Advanced Manufacturing Engineering Research Institute of Xiangyang Huazhong University of science and technology |
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