CN108333477A - Photovoltaic access electrical power distribution network fault location method based on synchronized timestamp and device - Google Patents
Photovoltaic access electrical power distribution network fault location method based on synchronized timestamp and device Download PDFInfo
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- CN108333477A CN108333477A CN201810140491.8A CN201810140491A CN108333477A CN 108333477 A CN108333477 A CN 108333477A CN 201810140491 A CN201810140491 A CN 201810140491A CN 108333477 A CN108333477 A CN 108333477A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/08—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks
- G01R31/081—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks according to type of conductors
- G01R31/086—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks according to type of conductors in power transmission or distribution networks, i.e. with interconnected conductors
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/08—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks
- G01R31/088—Aspects of digital computing
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
- Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
- Y04S10/00—Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y04S10/50—Systems or methods supporting the power network operation or management, involving a certain degree of interaction with the load-side end user applications
- Y04S10/52—Outage or fault management, e.g. fault detection or location
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of, and the photovoltaic based on synchronized timestamp accesses electrical power distribution network fault location method and device, fault current sampling is carried out by the sampling module and photovoltaic combining inverter of intelligent gateway, then fault current information is transferred to distribution clock module, timestamp label is synchronized by distribution clock module, the current information for being marked with timestamp is uploaded to by fault analysis platform by Industrial Ethernet again, synchronous amendment is done to the sampling time of acquisition by fault analysis platform, and carry out the logic judgment of fault location, provide fault location result, then control instruction is issued to intelligent gateway according to the result, instruction is received by the microcontroller of intelligent gateway, the excision of faulty circuit is finally carried out by contactless contactor, real faulty circuit is switched into Awaiting Overhaul state, other circuit reductions are to normal operating condition.Complicated distribution network failure device class, different types of equipment can accurately be navigated to the section of failure by the present invention according to different positioning methods.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to power distribution network diagnostic techniques fields, and in particular to a kind of photovoltaic access distribution based on synchronized timestamp
Network fault positioning method.
Background technology
Power distribution network in China, 3kV-10kV power grids in a manner of isolated neutral based on, 35kV and 66kV power grids are main
It is above to can be described as neutral non-effective grounding mode or small current neutral grounding system using neutral by arc extinction coil grounding mode
System.Fault location be it is distribution network automated in core technology link, when power distribution network breaks down, the head of operation maintenance personnel
It is exactly quick determining fault section to want task, reduces line walking range as possible, allows repair personnel that can accurately and efficiently reach failure
Point is carried out the work.And use fault location technology it is advanced whether, directly affect user malfunction power failure duration, further influence society
Meeting, economy, life etc..The probability highest of singlephase earth fault occurs for power distribution network, and the 60%-80% that can account for total failare is left
The right side, therefore, the quickly and accurately fault point when singlephase earth fault occurs, for improving distribution network reliability tool
There is important meaning.
Electrical power distribution network fault location method mainly has impedance method, traveling wave method, S injecting signals and is based on distribution automation at present
Method.Impedance method distance measuring method is affected by line impedance parameter, power parameter and line load, and works as distribution wire
When the more structure of road branch is complex, this method, which can not rule out pseudo-fault point, causes positioning result not unique；Fault Location With Traveling Wave
It round-trip one time or reaches the time difference at circuit both ends between fault point and circuit using traveling wave and estimates fault distance, but
In distribution system, be due to distribution net work structure complexity, at joint line joint, lines branch and at load wave impedance not
Continuity point, traveling wave is especially complex in the traveling-wave waveform that the refraction and reflection of wave impedance discontinuity point cause circuit one end to measure, very
The difficult back wave for correctly identifying fault point；S signal injection methods have higher positioning in the case where ground connection transition resistance is smaller
Precision, but as the increase positioning accuracy of ground connection transition resistance can substantially reduce, in addition this method can not only power off in system, is former
Barrier point carries out under conditions of always existing, and needs staff to be maked an inspection tour along route, observes by the naked eye and find fault point, Bu Nengshi
It should be in distribution network automated development；Method based on distribution automation is to carry out long-range prison in real time to the equipment on power distribution network
Depending on a, integrated system measuring, coordinate and control, generally utilize line feed terminals (FeederTerminal Unit, FTU) real
The detection of existing line fault information, and testing result is sent by communication network to SCADA system, SCADA system is according to certain
Fault location algorithm can be automatically positioned be out of order where section, this method is higher to communication system and computer master request,
When line fault, it is desirable that corresponding information passes to higher level station in time, and higher level stands the control information sent also can rapidly accurately
It is transmitted to FTU, and acquisition information must install a large amount of data acquisition device in real time, therefore invested very big.
As energy crisis and problem of environmental pollution become increasingly conspicuous in global range, using photovoltaic generation as the renewable of representative
Energy power generation is fast-developing, and distributed power generation (Distributed Generation, DG) is used widely at present.DG
Security reliability, economy and flexibility etc. to improving power grid play the role of positive.But the access of DG make it is traditional
The network structure of radiation type distribution network changes, and increases the complexity of line topological while can be also distributed to distribution power flow
Have an impact, this to will produce when applying to the power distribution network containing DG based on conventional electrical distribution network fault positioning method large error or
The not unique situation of failure positioning result.Fault location defect problem caused by being accessed for distributed generation resource,
The feeder line of the power distribution network containing DG is divided into the upstreams DG feeder line, the last circuit of the upstreams DG and the downstreams DG feeder line H kinds by Boutsika TN
Situation is discussed.For the feeder line of the upstreams DG, the I sections of each protection and the I sections of its lower protection for feed line are constituted one and led to
Believe unit, fault location is completed according to new rule；The last circuit of the upstreams DG, need in line end installation direction component,
Positioning principle is identical as the feeder line of the upstreams DG；As long as the case where protection of the downstreams DG feeder line helps increasing by primary current protection adjusts action
Electric current.Girgis A pass through the power direction for combining every line end direction component to provide on the basis of wide area network
Protection act information in information and the outlet of the upstreams DG first completes the fault location of power distribution network.Existing for both the above method
Common issue is cannot to differentiate the failure of feeder terminal.Zhang Anlong etc. combines photo-voltaic power supply fault current characteristics, is searched by traversal
Suo candidate's busbares determine false voltage measured value and calculated value busbar the most identical and failure classes after making electric fault
Type, so that it is determined that the busbar that failure is closest, but the excessive resistance that its theoretical calculation uses is approximation, leads to busbar positioning knot
Fruit is it is possible that error.Power distribution network is rendered as the characteristic of power network after Wang Fei etc. is accessed in view of distributed generation resource, builds
Power distribution network network Description Matrix and fault message matrix have been found, has realized that fault location, the deficiency of this method are by matrix algorithm
It needs to carry out matrix multiple and normalization processing, operand is big, and processing time is long.
Invention content
For the above-mentioned prior art, the present invention needs to propose a kind of new electrical power distribution network fault location method containing DG, with
Solve the problems, such as that trend is two-way in photovoltaic access distribution network failure positioning, rapidly navigates to the relevant range of failure.
The present invention proposes a kind of photovoltaic access electrical power distribution network fault location method based on synchronized timestamp, in the power distribution network
The feeder line of middle access photovoltaic combining inverter, power distribution network is respectively held, is respectively connected to intelligent gateway at distributed generation resource and load, is used for
Excision protection when the sampling of fault current and line fault；The intelligent gateway and photovoltaic combining inverter respectively with distribution
Clock module connects, and supports distribution clock function, is that sampled voltage electric current marks timestamp by distribution clock module, adopts every time
Sample voltage and current is all marked with timestamp；Intelligent gateway and distributed generation resource are flat with accident analysis in real time by Industrial Ethernet
Platform communicates；The fault analysis platform realizes that the platform passes through intelligent gateway and distributed generation resource in a host computer
Fault data is obtained, while intelligent gateway and distributed generation resource also receive fault analysis platform control instruction, the intelligent gateway
With photovoltaic combining inverter freely sample with frequency, synchronous Corrections Division is then done according to sampling time stamp by fault analysis platform
Reason, fault analysis platform integrate fault diagnosis and are controlled in one, can be stabbed to the sampling time of acquisition and do synchronous amendment, and carried out
The logic judgment of fault location provides fault location result；Then control instruction is issued to intelligent gateway, by intelligence according to the result
The microcontroller of energy gateway receives instruction, the excision of faulty circuit is finally carried out by contactless contactor, by real faulty circuit
Awaiting Overhaul state is switched to, other circuit reductions to normal operating condition.
Further, the Fault Locating Method includes the fault location to feeder line, distributed generation resource and load, for
The fault location of feeder line is based primarily upon fault current component current differential, main for the fault location of distributed generation resource and load
Based on fault time stamp and fault message：
(1) distribution feeder fault location：According to adjacent current principle of correlation analysis, each terminal voltage of feeder line, electricity are freely sampled
Stream information, host computer fault analysis platform does synchronous amendment to sampling time stamp, further according to fault component current differential, Ke Yizhun
True judgement be out of order protection section within or except, to realize the positioning of fault section on feeder line；
(2) distributed generation resource fault location：It is stabbed according to fault time, determines the power supply really to break down, work as distribution
Power supply G1、G2、G3Any one short circuit occurred inside failure, leads to G1、G2、G3Power distribution network is automatically exited from, accident analysis at this time is flat
Which distributed generation resource platform judges because really according to these three distributed generation resource fault current characteristics and its timestamp before failure
Failure exits distribution network system, for the power supply of real failure, is cut off from system, into Awaiting Overhaul state；For passive failure
Power supply, trial be incorporated to distribution network system again；
(3) load fault location：When load short circuit occurred inside failure, fault analysis platform according to fault time stab into
Row section positions, and then cuts off failure load section, trouble shooting, as load area L2、G4、L3Any short circuit occurred inside event
Barrier, leads to L2、G4、L3Power distribution network is automatically exited from, can be occurred according to fault current timestamp and fault current characteristics, Judging fault
Position, other normal distribution formula power supplys and load trial are incorporated to distribution network system again.
Further, the fault location of the feeder line is as follows：
(1) realization of synchronized timestamp
Bottom sample devices (including photovoltaic combining inverter or negative is required based on the differential localization method of fault current component
Lotus) there is clock synchronizing function, distribution clock module is extended out by underlying device to realize, the bottom sampling that circuit is respectively held is set
It is standby, it is freely sampled and is recycled with identical frequency and be stored in local buffer, using fault analysis platform as master clock, bottom sampling
Equipment is used as from clock, and the realization of timestamp is synchronized by distribution clock module, and every group of sampled data marks timestamp；
(2) fault location of feeder line
1. data synchronization processing
After step (1) described synchronized timestamp, each distribution time of system substantially school when it is consistent, then pass through distribution
The communication network of net, every 2 power frequency periods upload a data to fault analysis platform, and fault analysis platform is according to the sampling time
Stamp does synchronous correcting process to the sampled data of distinct device：
Synchronization calibration, selected equipment G are carried out first2Timestamp 1 be initial time, remember G2[1], the moment is according to this
Benchmark determines the opposite initial time of other equipment, traverses other equipment timestamp stream.When the timestamp and G of other equipment2[1]
Time interval be less than the half sampling period, it is determined that the timestamp traversed at this time is opposite initial time；When other set
Standby timestamp and G2[1] time interval is more than half sampling period condition, then by G2[2] when time is as starting
Carve G2[1], then execute above-mentioned traversal, and so on until completing the calibration of all devices initial time.
It synchronizes after correcting, then G2[1]、G1[3]、S1[2]、S2[2] it is labeled as synchronization, it is believed that the timestamp corresponds to
Electric current be " synchronized sampling electric current ", later G2[n]、G1[n+2]、S1[n+1]、S2[n+1] is considered synchronization；
Generally, same equipment only needs to correct primary, when there is new equipment startup to be incorporated to system, equipment needs do as
Upper synchronous correcting process；
2. fault component extracts
The voltage and current sampled to feeder line by intelligent gateway is equivalent, with iLoadFor normal operation when load current, iMWith
iNFor failure when sample rate current, that is, fault current, work as K1Short trouble occurs for place, according to principle of stacking it is found that transmission line of electricity is sent out
State-visibility when raw failure is normal operating condition to be superimposed with failure additivity, i.e., failure when electric current be load current
The sum of with fault component electric current；
Electric current under feeder fault additivity is fault component electric current, by the failure electromotive force independent role of fault point
It generates, wherein igmAnd ignFor the fault component electric current at both ends, ugmAnd ugnFor the fault component voltage at both ends, uFIt is electronic for failure
Gesture, RFFor transition resistance, then had by upper analysis：
igm=iM-iLoad (3)
Formula (3) indicates that fault component electric current is equal to the electric current surveyed after failure and subtracts load current.Currently, fault component
Extraction then is subtracted each other with the current sampling data after failure and is obtained by memorizing the current sampling data in t period before failure,
It samples value-based algorithm：
igm(k)=iM(k-1)-iLoad(k-tN) (4)
In formula (4), N is each cycle sampling number, and it is current flow sampled value, i that t, which generally takes 1 or 2, i (k),Load(k-tN)
For the sampled value namely load current before tN sampled point,
By above formula, fault analysis platform can quickly calculate fault current component electric current igm, the event of the feeder line other end
Hinder current component electric current ignIt can similarly obtain；
3. fault component current differential judges fault zone：
It replaces total current to participate in the calculating of differential protection with fault component electric current, then can effectively eliminate load current to differential
The influence of protection sensitivity.The differential operation equation of fault component instantaneous value split-phase is as follows：
|igm+ign| ＞ a | igm-ign|+i0 (5)
In formula (5), igmAnd ignFor circuit both ends phase fault current weight instantaneous value of the same name；A is restraint coefficient, a<1；i0For
Threshold electric current；Restraint coefficient a takes 0.5 when experiment, threshold electric current i0Take the half of load current；
Fault component electric current i when normal operationgm、ignAbout 0, direction according to the rules, then practical igm、ignIt is same on direction
To there is i in sizegm≈–ign, then formula (5) is invalid, so that it is determined that the protection section fault-free；Work as K2When place breaks down,
Practical igm、ignDirection is on the contrary, when fault current is more than threshold current setting value, then formula (5) is set up, so that it is determined that the protection
Failure has occurred in section；The purpose of threshold electric current setting is erroneous judgement failure when preventing normal operation, and the localization method is with both ends
It is sampled as illustrating and release, this method can also be judged with the feeder zone that multiterminal sample.
Further, the fault location of the distributed generation resource and load is after failure occurs, according to fault current and
Timestamp information finds the distributed generation resource or load of real failure, depends on distribution clock technology and modern communication technology,
It comprises the steps of：
1. when photovoltaic power distribution network normal operation, intelligent gateway and distributed generation resource failure wave-recording
Intelligent gateway and distributed generation resource configure identical sample frequency and carry out voltage and current sampling, by distribution clock module into
The realization of row synchronized timestamp, using fault analysis platform as master clock, intelligent gateway and distributed generation resource are used as from clock,
Timestamp is marked to this sampled data when obtaining each sampled data, considers data volume and trouble duration, it is local
The sampled data with timestamp of 2~3 power frequency periods of cycle index stops data record when device fails；
2. when the generation of photovoltaic power distribution network or load failure, host computer Waveshape reproduction
When short trouble occurs for photovoltaic power distribution network, intelligent gateway and distributed generation resource can stop due to the protection of setting themselves
Machine or excision switch are detached from distribution network system, at this time the equipment normal operation of non-failure, and the equipment of failure uploads error code, and will
2 with the timestamp power frequency period sampled data of failure wave-recording is uploaded to fault analysis platform and does accident analysis, and by phase
Sampled data Waveshape reproduction is closed, intuitive fault waveform is may provide the user with；
3. faulty equipment and zone location
The waveform that fault analysis platform stabbed and reappears according to fault time quickly judges which platform or which section are really sent out
Raw failure, the equipment to break down to excision or section, and the distributed generation resource of non-failure is reactivated, remain local negative
The continued power of lotus.
Further, the realization of synchronized timestamp is as follows：
Using fault analysis platform as master clock, bottom sample devices is used as from clock：
1. master clock is given by communication network downward message from clock at the Tm1 moment, due to network path be delayed and from
The clock skew of clock receives the message of master clock from clock at the Ts1 moment；
2. then respond a message to master clock from clock at the Ts2 moment, in the message comprising temporal information Ts1 and
Ts2, master clock receive at the Tm2 moment from clock message；
By process above, for master clock according to this four timestamp informations, the clock that can be obtained between master-salve clock is inclined
The relational expression moved between (Offset) and path delay (Delay) is：
Clock skew Offset and path delay Delay can be derived according to formula (1)：
3. the clock skew Offset obtained by above-mentioned calculating is handed down to the distribution clock of sample devices by fault analysis platform
Module deviates from clock compensation, reaches clock synchronization effect, and above-mentioned steps are the execution in 1ms periods, realizes underlying device periodicity school
When；
4. sample devices is while each sampling is completed to read sampled result register value, distribution clock module is to sampling
Data provide a timestamp, and to realize, sampling is all marked with timestamp every time.
A kind of photovoltaic access distribution network fault positioning device based on synchronized timestamp, including the photovoltaic in access power distribution network
Gird-connected inverter and be respectively connected to distribution feeder respectively hold, the intelligent gateway at distributed generation resource and load, the intelligent network
Pass includes contactless contactor, sampling module and microcontroller, by that can control switch-off, microcontroller with contactless contactor
For receiving host computer order, while sampling module can be with sampled voltage electric current；
The intelligent gateway and photovoltaic combining inverter are connect with distribution clock module respectively, support distribution clock work(
Can, it is that sampled voltage electric current marks timestamp by distribution clock module；
The intelligent gateway and distributed generation resource are connect by Industrial Ethernet with fault analysis platform, make its in real time with therefore
Hinder analysis platform communication, by Ethernet by intelligent gateway and voltage and current information of the photovoltaic net inverter with timestamp and therefore
Barrier information is uploaded to fault analysis platform, and the information that fault analysis platform is uploaded according to these analyzes the operation of power distribution network in real time
Situation simultaneously makes corresponding decision.
In conclusion the photovoltaic based on synchronized timestamp of the present invention accesses electrical power distribution network fault location method, by intelligent network
The sampling module and photovoltaic combining inverter of pass carry out fault current sampling, and fault current information is then transferred to distribution clock
Module synchronizes timestamp label by distribution clock module, then is believed the electric current for being marked with timestamp by Industrial Ethernet
Breath is uploaded to fault analysis platform, does synchronous amendment to the sampling time of acquisition by fault analysis platform, and carry out fault location
Logic judgment, provide fault location as a result, then issuing control instruction to intelligent gateway, by intelligent gateway according to the result
Microcontroller receives instruction, and the excision of faulty circuit is finally carried out by contactless contactor, real faulty circuit is switched to and is waited for
Inspecting state, other circuit reductions to normal operating condition.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are：1) in technical solution of the present invention, synchronous by timestamp is corrected, and failure can be obtained
Required feeder line respectively holds the voltage of synchronized sampling, current information in the differential localization method of current weight；2) the technology of the present invention side
In case, fault analysis platform obtains fault data, while intelligent gateway and distribution by intelligent gateway and distributed generation resource itself
Formula power supply also receives fault analysis platform control instruction, and fault analysis platform integrates fault diagnosis and is controlled in one；3) this hair
In bright technical solution, by complicated distribution network failure device class, different types of equipment is according to different positioning methods, Ke Yijing
The true section for navigating to failure.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the system structure diagram of present invention barrier localization method；
Fig. 2 is the timestamp synchrone mechanism figure of invention barrier localization method；
Fig. 3 is that the data of specific embodiment synchronize amendment schematic diagram；
Fig. 4 is the feeder fault equivalent schematic of specific embodiment；
Short-circuit additivity when Fig. 5 is the feeder fault of specific embodiment；
Fig. 6 is the fault analysis platform breakdown judge flow chart of specific embodiment；
Fig. 7 is the structure diagram of fault locator of the present invention.
In figure：M- master clocks, S- is from clock, S1-5Intelligent gateway, G1-4Distributed photovoltaic, L1-4Load
Specific implementation mode
The specific implementation mode of the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings：
Examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, and in which the same or similar labels are throughly indicated identical or classes
As element or element with the same or similar functions.The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary, purport
For explaining the present invention, and it is not considered as limiting the invention.
The present invention is a kind of Fault Locating Method based on synchronized timestamp, main comprising differential based on fault current component
Feeder zone localization method, based on fault time stamp and fault message distributed generation resource localization method, and be based on failure
The load localization method of timestamp and fault message.Embodiment is analyzed in detail below.
(1) fault location of feeder line
The positioning of feeder line is mainly positioned using fault component current differential method, the positioning method is not by load
Electric current influences, and can accurately judge to be out of order within protection section or except, but the positioning method needs
The current information that synchronous acquisition circuit is respectively held, the present invention devise one according to distribution clock principle in conjunction with modern communication technology
Based on the differential of the modified fault current component of sampling data synchronization, the program is implemented as follows set：
1) realization of synchronized timestamp
Require bottom sample devices that there is clock synchronizing function, the present invention based on the differential localization method of fault current component
Distribution clock (Distributed Clock, DC) module is extended out by underlying device to realize, as shown in Figure 1, wherein timestamp
Synchrone mechanism such as Fig. 2.In Fig. 1, using fault analysis platform as master clock, bottom sample devices is used as from clock, is only divided below
Analyse master clock and distributed photovoltaic G1Synchronization realization method, other equipment synchrone mechanism is identical with this.It is implemented as follows：
1. master clock is given by communication network downward message from clock at the Tm1 moment, due to network path be delayed and from
The clock skew of clock receives the message of master clock from clock at the Ts1 moment；
2. then respond a message to master clock from clock at the Ts2 moment, in the message comprising temporal information Ts1 and
Ts2, master clock receive at the Tm2 moment from clock message；
By process above, for master clock according to this four timestamp informations, the clock that can be obtained between master-salve clock is inclined
Move the relational expression between (Offset) and path delay (Delay), as shown in formula (1) (assuming that from the advanced master clock of clock)：
Clock skew Offset and path delay Delay can be derived according to formula (1), as shown in formula (2)：
3. the clock skew Offset obtained by above-mentioned calculating is handed down to the DC modules of underlying device by fault analysis platform, from
Clock compensation deviates, and reaches clock synchronization effect.Above-mentioned steps are the execution in 1ms periods, when realizing underlying device periodicity school.
4. while each sampling is completed to read sampled result register value, when DC modules provide one to sampled data
Between stab, to realize every time sampling be all marked with timestamp.
2) data synchronization processing
After above-mentioned synchronized timestamp, each distribution time of system substantially school when consistent, the sampling apparatus that circuit is respectively held,
It is freely sampled with identical frequency, every group of sampled data marks timestamp, and recycles and be stored in local buffer, then passes through distribution
The communication network of net, every 2 power frequency periods upload a data to fault analysis platform, and fault analysis platform is according to the sampling time
Stamp does synchronous correcting process to the sampled data of distinct device, and specific correcting mode is as shown in Figure 3.
Synchronization calibration is carried out first.Such as Fig. 3 selected equipments G2Timestamp 1 be initial time, remember G2When [1], according to this
The opposite initial time that other equipment is determined on the basis of quarter, traverses other equipment timestamp stream.When other equipment timestamp with
G2[1] time interval is less than the half sampling period, it is determined that the timestamp traversed at this time is opposite initial time；When it
The timestamp and G of his equipment2[1] time interval is more than half sampling period condition, then by G2[2] time is used as
Begin moment G2[1], then execute above-mentioned traversal, and so on until completing the calibration of all devices initial time.
After synchronizing and correct such as Fig. 3, then G2[1]、G1[3]、S1[2]、S2[2] it is labeled as synchronization, it is believed that the timestamp
Corresponding electric current is " synchronized sampling electric current ", later G2[n]、G1[n+2]、S1[n+1]、S2[n+1] is considered synchronization.
Generally, same equipment only needs to correct primary, when there is new equipment startup to be incorporated to system, equipment needs do as
Upper synchronous correcting process.
3) fault component extracts
Fig. 4 is the feeder fault equivalent schematic of both ends sampling, and both ends are the voltage that intelligent gateway samples feeder line respectively
With equivalent, the wherein i of electric currentLoadFor normal operation when load current, iMAnd iNFor failure when sample rate current, that is, failure electricity
Stream, it is assumed that K in Fig. 41Short trouble occurs for place, according to principle of stacking it is found that state-visibility when transmission line of electricity breaks down is
Normal operating condition is superimposed with failure additivity, i.e., failure when electric current be the sum of load current and fault component electric current.
Short-circuit additivity when Fig. 5 is feeder fault, the electric current under failure additivity is fault component electric current, by
The failure electromotive force independent role of fault point generates, wherein igmAnd ignFor the fault component electric current at both ends, ugmAnd ugnFor both ends
Fault component voltage, uFFor failure electromotive force, RFFor transition resistance.Then had by upper analysis：
igm=iM-iLoad (3)
Formula (3) indicates that fault component electric current is equal to the electric current surveyed after failure and subtracts load current.Currently, fault component
Extraction then is subtracted each other with the current sampling data after failure and is obtained by memorizing the current sampling data in t period before failure,
It samples value-based algorithm：
igm(k)=iM(k-1)-iLoad(k-tN) (4)
In formula (4), N is each cycle sampling number, and it is current flow sampled value, i that t, which generally takes 1 or 2, i (k),Load(k-tN)
For the sampled value namely load current before tN sampled point.
By formula (4), fault analysis platform can quickly calculate fault current component, the fault current point of feeder line another end
Amount can similarly obtain.
4) fault component current differential concrete principle：
It replaces total current to participate in the calculating of differential protection with fault component electric current, then can effectively eliminate load current to differential
The influence of protection sensitivity.The differential operation equation of fault component instantaneous value split-phase is as follows：
|igm+ign| ＞ a | igm-ign|+i0 (5)
In formula (5), igmAnd ignFor circuit both ends phase fault current weight instantaneous value of the same name；A is restraint coefficient, a<1；i0For
Threshold electric current.Restraint coefficient a takes 0.5 when experiment, threshold electric current i0Take the half of load current.
Fault component electric current i when normal operationgm、ignAbout 0, according to prescribed direction in Fig. 5, then practical igm、ignIn direction
It is upper in the same direction, there is i in sizegm≈–ign, then formula (5) is invalid, so that it is determined that the protection section fault-free；Work as K2Event occurs for place
When barrier, practical igm、ignDirection is on the contrary, when fault current is more than threshold current setting value, then formula (5) is set up, so that it is determined that should
Failure has occurred in protection section.The purpose of threshold electric current setting is erroneous judgement failure when preventing normal operation, the localization method with
Both ends are sampled as illustrating and release, and this method can also be judged with the feeder zone that multiterminal sample.
(2) fault location of distributed generation resource and load
With photovoltaic access power distribution network, distribution net work structure become increasingly complex it is changeable, for the fault location of distributed generation resource
Also more more and more important, in the power distribution network of photovoltaic, certain distributed generation resource short circuit occurred inside failure may cause other
Distributed generation resource stoppage protection, the equipment and excision for rapidly finding out real failure are even more important.The event of distributed generation resource and load
Barrier positioning is that after failure occurs, the distributed generation resource or load of real failure are found according to fault current and timestamp information,
Dependent on distribution clock technology and modern communication technology, mainly comprise the steps of：
1) when photovoltaic power distribution network normal operation, intelligent gateway and distributed generation resource failure wave-recording
Intelligent gateway and distributed generation resource configure identical sample frequency and carry out voltage and current sampling, are obtaining each hits
According to when to this sampled data mark timestamp, the realization principle that timestamp synchronizes is with (1) 1).Consider data volume and failure
Duration, the sampled data with timestamp of 2~3 power frequency periods of local cycle index stop when device fails
Data record.
2) photovoltaic power distribution network occurs or when load failure, host computer Waveshape reproduction
When short trouble occurs for photovoltaic power distribution network, intelligent gateway and distributed generation resource can stop due to the protection of setting themselves
Machine or excision switch are detached from distribution network system, at this time the equipment normal operation of non-failure, and the equipment of failure uploads error code, and will
2 with the timestamp power frequency period sampled data of failure wave-recording is uploaded to fault analysis platform and does accident analysis, and by phase
Sampled data Waveshape reproduction is closed, intuitive fault waveform is may provide the user with.
3) faulty equipment and zone location
The waveform that fault analysis platform stabbed and reappears according to fault time quickly judges which platform or which section are really sent out
Raw failure, the equipment to break down to excision or section, and the distributed generation resource of non-failure is reactivated, remain local negative
The continued power of lotus.
(3) case study on implementation simulation waveform
By taking Fig. 1 as an example, G is set2And G1It is taken up in order of priority and breaks down, Fig. 6 is that fault current, the voltage that host computer receives are recorded
Wave information determines G according to fault current catastrophe point1And G2The corresponding timestamp of fault current, reduced time stamp can be determined
G2It first breaks down, is consistent with actual conditions.
Above-mentioned combination attached drawing is explained in detail embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to above-mentioned implementations
Mode, one skilled in the relevant art within the scope of knowledge, can also make many variations to it.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of photovoltaic based on synchronized timestamp accesses electrical power distribution network fault location method, which is characterized in that in the power distribution network
The feeder line of middle access photovoltaic combining inverter, power distribution network is respectively held, is respectively connected to intelligent gateway at distributed generation resource and load, is used for
Excision protection when the sampling of fault current and line fault；The intelligent gateway and photovoltaic combining inverter respectively with distribution
Clock module connects, and supports distribution clock function, is that sampled voltage electric current marks timestamp by distribution clock module, adopts every time
Sample voltage and current is all marked with timestamp；Intelligent gateway and distributed generation resource are flat with accident analysis in real time by Industrial Ethernet
Platform communicates；The fault analysis platform realizes that the platform passes through intelligent gateway and distributed generation resource in a host computer
Fault data is obtained, while intelligent gateway and distributed generation resource also receive fault analysis platform control instruction, the intelligent gateway
With photovoltaic combining inverter freely sample with frequency, synchronous Corrections Division is then done according to sampling time stamp by fault analysis platform
Reason, fault analysis platform integrate fault diagnosis and are controlled in one, can be stabbed to the sampling time of acquisition and do synchronous amendment, and carried out
The logic judgment of fault location provides fault location result；Then control instruction is issued to intelligent gateway, by intelligence according to the result
The microcontroller of energy gateway receives instruction, the excision of faulty circuit is finally carried out by contactless contactor, by real faulty circuit
Awaiting Overhaul state is switched to, other circuit reductions to normal operating condition.
2. the photovoltaic according to claim 1 based on synchronized timestamp accesses electrical power distribution network fault location method, feature exists
In the Fault Locating Method includes the fault location to feeder line, distributed generation resource and load, for the fault location of feeder line
It is based primarily upon fault current component current differential, fault time stamp is based primarily upon for the fault location of distributed generation resource and load
And fault message：
(1) distribution feeder fault location：According to adjacent current principle of correlation analysis, each terminal voltage of feeder line, electric current letter are freely sampled
Breath, host computer fault analysis platform do synchronous amendment to sampling time stamp, can be accurate further according to fault component current differential
Judgement be out of order protection section within or except, to realize the positioning of fault section on feeder line；
(2) distributed generation resource fault location：It is stabbed according to fault time, determines the power supply really to break down, work as distributed generation resource
G1、G2、G3Any one short circuit occurred inside failure, leads to G1、G2、G3Power distribution network is automatically exited from, at this time fault analysis platform root
According to these three distributed generation resource fault current characteristics and its timestamp before failure, which distributed generation resource is judged because of real failure
Distribution network system is exited, for the power supply of real failure, is cut off from system, into Awaiting Overhaul state；For the electricity of passive failure
Source, trial are incorporated to distribution network system again；
(3) load fault location：When load short circuit occurred inside failure, fault analysis platform stabs according to fault time and carries out area
Then Duan Dingwei cuts off failure load section, trouble shooting, as load area L2、G4、L3Any short circuit occurred inside failure, leads
Cause L2、G4、L3Power distribution network is automatically exited from, position can occur according to fault current timestamp and fault current characteristics, Judging fault,
Other normal distribution formula power supplys and load trial are incorporated to distribution network system again.
3. the photovoltaic according to claim 2 based on synchronized timestamp accesses electrical power distribution network fault location method, feature exists
In the fault location of the feeder line is as follows：
(1) realization of synchronized timestamp
It requires bottom sample devices that there is clock synchronizing function based on the differential localization method of fault current component, is set by bottom
Standby to extend out distribution clock module to realize, the bottom sample devices that circuit is respectively held freely is sampled with identical frequency and recycles storage
In local buffer, using fault analysis platform as master clock, bottom sample devices is used as from clock, by distribution clock module into
The realization of row synchronized timestamp, every group of sampled data mark timestamp；
(2) fault location of feeder line
1. data synchronization processing
After step (1) described synchronized timestamp, each distribution time of system substantially school when it is consistent, then pass through power distribution network
Communication network, every 2 power frequency periods upload a data to fault analysis platform, and fault analysis platform is according to sampling time stamp pair
The sampled data of distinct device does synchronous correcting process：
Synchronization calibration, selected equipment G are carried out first2Timestamp 1 be initial time, remember G2[1], according to this on the basis of the moment
It determines the opposite initial time of other equipment, other equipment timestamp stream is traversed, when the timestamp and G of other equipment2[1] when
Between interval be less than the half sampling period, it is determined that the timestamp traversed at this time is opposite initial time；When other equipment
Timestamp and G2[1] time interval is more than half sampling period condition, then by G2[2] time is as initial time G2
[1], then execute above-mentioned traversal, and so on until completing the calibration of all devices initial time；
It synchronizes after correcting, then G2[1]、G1[3]、S1[2]、S2[2] it is labeled as synchronization, it is believed that the corresponding electric current of the timestamp
For " synchronized sampling electric current ", G later2[n]、G1[n+2]、S1[n+1]、S2[n+1] is considered synchronization；
Generally, same equipment only needs to correct primary, and when there is new equipment startup to be incorporated to system, equipment needs do as above same
Walk correcting process；
2. fault component extracts
The voltage and current sampled to feeder line by intelligent gateway is equivalent, with iLoadFor normal operation when load current, iMAnd iNFor
Sample rate current, that is, fault current when failure, works as K1Short trouble occurs for place, according to principle of stacking it is found that event occurs for transmission line of electricity
State-visibility when barrier is normal operating condition to be superimposed with failure additivity, i.e., failure when electric current be load current with it is former
Hinder the sum of current weight；
Electric current under feeder fault additivity is fault component electric current, is produced by the failure electromotive force independent role of fault point
It is raw, wherein igmAnd ignFor the fault component electric current at both ends, ugmAnd ugnFor the fault component voltage at both ends, uFFor failure electromotive force,
RFFor transition resistance, then had by upper analysis：
igm=iM-iLoad (3)
Formula (3) indicates that fault component electric current is equal to the electric current surveyed after failure and subtracts load current.Currently, the extraction of fault component
It is then to subtract each other with the current sampling data after failure and obtain by memorizing the current sampling data in t period before failure, adopts
Sample value algorithm is：
igm(k)=iM(k-1)-iLoad(k-tN) (4)
In formula (4), N is each cycle sampling number, and it is current flow sampled value, i that t, which generally takes 1 or 2, i (k),Load(k-tN) it is tN
Sampled value before a sampled point namely load current,
By above formula, fault analysis platform can quickly calculate fault current component electric current igm, the failure electricity of the feeder line other end
Flow component electric current ignIt can similarly obtain；
3. fault component current differential judges fault zone：
It replaces total current to participate in the calculating of differential protection with fault component electric current, then can effectively eliminate load current to differential protection
The influence of sensitivity.The differential operation equation of fault component instantaneous value split-phase is as follows：
|igm+ign| ＞ a | igm-ign|+i0 (5)
In formula (5), igmAnd ignFor circuit both ends phase fault current weight instantaneous value of the same name；A is restraint coefficient, a<1；i0For threshold
Electric current；Restraint coefficient a takes 0.5 when experiment, threshold electric current i0Take the half of load current；
Fault component electric current i when normal operationgm、ignAbout 0, direction according to the rules, then practical igm、ignOn direction in the same direction, exist
There is i in sizegm≈-ign, then formula (5) is invalid, so that it is determined that the protection section fault-free；Work as K2It is practical when place breaks down
igm、ignDirection is on the contrary, when fault current is more than threshold current setting value, then formula (5) is set up, so that it is determined that the protection section
Failure has occurred；The purpose of threshold electric current setting is erroneous judgement failure when preventing normal operation, which is sampled with both ends
For explain, this method also can with multiterminal sample feeder zone judge.
4. the photovoltaic according to claim 2 based on synchronized timestamp accesses electrical power distribution network fault location method, feature exists
In the fault location of the distributed generation resource and load is after failure occurs, to be found according to fault current and timestamp information
The distributed generation resource or load of real failure, depend on distribution clock technology and modern communication technology, comprise the steps of：
1. when photovoltaic power distribution network normal operation, intelligent gateway and distributed generation resource failure wave-recording
Intelligent gateway and distributed generation resource carry out voltage and current sampling with identical sample frequency, using fault analysis platform as it is main when
Clock, intelligent gateway and distributed generation resource are used as from clock, and the realization of timestamp is synchronized by distribution clock module, are being obtained often
Timestamp is marked to this sampled data when a sampled data, considers data volume and trouble duration, local cycle note
The sampled data with timestamp for recording 2~3 power frequency periods stops data record when device fails；
2. when the generation of photovoltaic power distribution network or load failure, host computer Waveshape reproduction
When short trouble occurs for photovoltaic power distribution network, intelligent gateway and distributed generation resource due to the protection of setting themselves, can shut down or
Excision switch is detached from distribution network system, the equipment normal operation of non-failure at this time, and the equipment of failure uploads error code, and by failure
2 with the timestamp power frequency period sampled data of recording is uploaded to fault analysis platform and does accident analysis, and correlation is adopted
Sample data Waveshape reproduction, may provide the user with intuitive fault waveform；
3. faulty equipment and zone location
The waveform that fault analysis platform stabbed and reappears according to fault time quickly judges that event really occurs for which platform or which section
Barrier, the equipment to break down to excision or section, and the distributed generation resource of non-failure is reactivated, maintain local load
Continued power.
5. the photovoltaic according to claim 3 or 4 based on synchronized timestamp accesses electrical power distribution network fault location method, feature
It is, the realization of synchronized timestamp is as follows：
Using fault analysis platform as master clock, bottom sample devices is used as from clock：
1. master clock is given by communication network downward message from clock at the Tm1 moment, since network path is delayed and from clock
Clock skew, the message of master clock is received at the Ts1 moment from clock；
Include temporal information Ts1 and Ts2 in the message 2. then responding a message to master clock from clock at the Ts2 moment, it is main
Clock receives at the Tm2 moment from clock message；
By process above, master clock can obtain the clock skew between master-salve clock according to this four timestamp informations
(Offset) relational expression between path delay (Delay) is：
Clock skew Offset and path delay Delay can be derived according to formula (1)：
3. the clock skew Offset obtained by above-mentioned calculating is handed down to the distribution clock module of sample devices by fault analysis platform,
It is deviated from clock compensation, reaches clock synchronization effect, above-mentioned steps are the execution in 1ms periods, when realizing underlying device periodicity school；
4. sample devices is while each sampling is completed to read sampled result register value, distribution clock module is to sampled data
A timestamp is provided, sampling is all marked with timestamp every time to realize.
6. a kind of photovoltaic based on synchronized timestamp accesses distribution network fault positioning device, which is characterized in that including accessing distribution
Photovoltaic combining inverter in net and be respectively connected to distribution feeder respectively hold, the intelligent gateway at distributed generation resource and load,
The intelligent gateway includes contactless contactor, sampling module and microcontroller, by the pass that can control switch with contactless contactor
Disconnected, microcontroller is for receiving host computer order, while sampling module can be with sampled voltage electric current；
The intelligent gateway and photovoltaic combining inverter are connect with distribution clock module respectively, support distribution clock function, by
Distribution clock module is that sampled voltage electric current marks timestamp；
The intelligent gateway and distributed generation resource are connect by Industrial Ethernet with fault analysis platform, it is made to divide in real time with failure
Platform communication is analysed, is believed intelligent gateway and voltage and current information of the photovoltaic net inverter with timestamp and failure by Ethernet
Breath is uploaded to fault analysis platform, and the information that fault analysis platform is uploaded according to these analyzes the operating condition of power distribution network in real time
And make corresponding decision.
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