CN108332436B - Trough type solar water heater heat collection system with phase change auxiliary heating function - Google Patents
Trough type solar water heater heat collection system with phase change auxiliary heating function Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a solar water heater heat collection system with phase change auxiliary heating, which comprises an auxiliary heat collection device and a main heat collection device, wherein the auxiliary heat collection device transmits collected solar energy to the main heat collection device through a phase change working medium; the auxiliary heat collecting device comprises an auxiliary heat collecting tank, an auxiliary heat collecting tube, a phase-change working medium storage box, a vertical tube outer layer, a vertical tube inner layer, a throttle valve and a connector, wherein the phase-change working medium is filled in the auxiliary heat collecting tube, the auxiliary heat collecting tube is horizontally arranged at a focal line of the auxiliary heat collecting tank, two ends of the auxiliary heat collecting tube are sealed, the phase-change working medium storage box is connected with the auxiliary heat collecting tube, and a plurality of connectors are formed in the top of the auxiliary heat collecting tube at positions corresponding to the openings of the bottom side of the outer layer glass tube. The system has a simple structure, can increase the solar energy utilization efficiency, improve the heating speed and the upper temperature limit of the heating of working media, and can control the temperature in a safe range.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of solar energy utilization, in particular to a solar water heater heat collection system with a phase change auxiliary heating function.
Background
With the increasing shortage of energy sources in the world and the increasing serious environmental pollution problem, more and more expert scholars turn the eyes to the utilization of green energy sources such as solar energy, and the like, so that the heat collecting system of the trough type solar water heater is generated.
The main working range of the heat collection system of the trough type solar water heater is 40-60 ℃, and the heat collection system has wide market prospect. The main structure of the existing solar water heater heat collection system is as follows: the trough type condenser, the vacuum heat collecting tube and the like have low solar energy utilization rate and low heat collecting rate, and the upper limit of the temperature which can be achieved is low (the upper limit of the existing temperature is about 60 ℃). The patent with the patent number 201621397484.9 is a double-shaft tracking groove type solar heat collector, which has the advantages of complex structure, high installation requirement and cost, and high implementation difficulty; the patent of 'a trough solar collector' with application number 201611251799.7 only absorbs solar energy through the absorption coating, has low solar energy utilization rate and low heat collection rate, and also causes the increase of production cost. The patent of the 'focusing type solar medium-temperature phase-change heat accumulator' with the application number of 201610001585.8 is characterized in that a phase-change generation area is not detachable, the heat collection rate is difficult to control, the potential safety hazard is great, a phase-change working medium is always positioned around a heat exchange calandria, and heat is absorbed from the pipe wall of the calandria when phase change occurs, so that the heat utilization rate of the device is not high.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of low solar energy utilization rate, low heating speed, high vacuumizing difficulty, high cost, low economic efficiency and the like in the prior art and provides a phase-change auxiliary heating trough type solar water heater heat collection system. The novel efficient solar water heater heat collection system has the advantages that the structure is simple, the solar utilization efficiency can be increased, the heating speed and the upper temperature limit of working medium heating can be improved, meanwhile, the temperature can be controlled in a safe range, the difficult problem of vacuum tube processing is solved, the cost can be reduced, and the economic efficiency is improved.
In order to achieve the aim of the invention, the invention adopts a new principle and a new technology and combines a phase change structure to assist heating. The provided technical proposal is as follows: the solar water heater heat collection system is characterized by comprising an auxiliary heat collection device and a main heat collection device, wherein the auxiliary heat collection device transmits collected solar energy to the main heat collection device through a phase change working medium;
the main heat collection device comprises a groove type condenser and a sleeve heat collection tube, wherein the sleeve heat collection tube comprises an outer layer glass tube and an inner layer metal tube, the surface of the inner layer metal tube is coated with a solar energy absorption coating, the outer layer glass tube is overlapped with the central axis of the inner layer metal tube, a plurality of openings are formed in the bottom side of the outer layer glass tube, the sleeve heat collection tube is arranged on a focusing line of the groove type condenser, two ends of the sleeve heat collection tube are not closed, a heated working medium flows in from one end of the inner layer metal tube, and flows out from the other end of the inner layer metal tube;
the auxiliary heat collecting device comprises an auxiliary heat collecting tank, an auxiliary heat collecting pipe, a phase change working medium storage box, a vertical pipe outer layer, a vertical pipe inner layer, a throttle valve and a connecting body, wherein the auxiliary heat collecting pipe is filled with a phase change working medium, the auxiliary heat collecting pipe is horizontally arranged at a focal line of the auxiliary heat collecting tank, two ends of the auxiliary heat collecting pipe are closed, the phase change working medium storage box is connected with the auxiliary heat collecting pipe, a plurality of connecting ports are formed in the top of the auxiliary heat collecting pipe at positions corresponding to the openings of the bottom side of the outer layer glass pipe, one end of the vertical pipe outer layer is vertically connected with the connecting ports of the auxiliary heat collecting pipe, and the other end of the vertical pipe outer layer glass pipe is vertically connected with the corresponding bottom side openings of the outer layer glass pipe through bolts; the inner layer of the vertical pipe is nested in the outer layer of the vertical pipe and is fixedly connected through a connector, and a throttle valve for controlling flow is arranged on the inner layer of the vertical pipe; the inner layer and the outer layer of the vertical pipe form the vertical pipe.
The application principle of the invention is as follows:
the invention utilizes the auxiliary heat collecting device to absorb solar energy, so that the phase-change working medium is vaporized into steam containing a large amount of latent heat of vaporization in the auxiliary heat collecting tube, the steam enters the outer glass tube of the sleeve heat collecting tube through the inner layer of the vertical tube, the inner metal tube wall of the sleeve heat collecting tube is liquefied, the heat is transferred to the working medium flowing through the inner metal tube, and then flows back to the auxiliary heat collecting tube through the outer layer of the vertical tube to form a closed natural circulation, a throttle valve is arranged on the inner layer of the vertical tube to control the heat collecting rate, and when the working medium in the auxiliary heat collecting tube is evaporated too much, the phase-change working medium is supplemented to the auxiliary heat collecting tube through the phase-change working medium storage box.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the outstanding essential characteristics of the invention are as follows: on the basis of the existing heat collecting device, an auxiliary heat collecting device is added, more solar energy is absorbed by the auxiliary heat collecting device, heat is transferred to a heated working medium in a mode of releasing vaporization latent heat by a phase change working medium, so that the heating rate and the upper temperature limit are obviously improved, and compared with the existing trough type solar heat collector (the existing trough type solar water heater heat collecting system comprises a bracket, a reflecting mirror surface and a vacuum heat collecting tube, the vacuum heat collecting tube is usually a straight-through metal-glass vacuum heat collecting tube; the auxiliary heat collection device can control steam flow through a throttle valve at the inner layer of the vertical pipe, so as to control the integral heat collection rate and heat efficiency; a valve is arranged on a connecting pipeline of the phase change working medium storage box and the auxiliary heat collecting pipe and is a controllable device; the auxiliary heat collecting device is connected with the main heat collecting device through bolts, and can be detached under the condition of limited space or low heat collecting rate requirement, and only the main heat collecting device is adopted.
The remarkable progress of the invention is:
the upper limit of the temperature of the system can reach approximately 100 ℃, and an auxiliary device is added on the basis of the conventional trough type water heater heat collection system, and the auxiliary device can provide additional heat, is easy to disassemble and is easy to control the heating temperature; because the heat collection rate is greatly improved, a larger economic benefit can be created for enterprises; the auxiliary heat collecting tube is not a double-layer tube any more, but a common horizontal tube for storing phase-change working medium, two ends of the tube are closed, and the working medium in the tube does not flow. The inner tube and the outer tube of the sleeve heat collecting tube are not vacuum any more, but the phase-change working medium is evaporated into the outer tube to release the vaporization latent heat.
The invention has the advantages of simple structure, capability of increasing the utilization rate of solar energy, capability of avoiding the technical problem of vacuum tube processing, capability of controlling the flow of the inner layer of the vertical tube through the throttle valve, further controlling the temperature within a safe range, zero pollution emission in the whole process, higher heating efficiency and good social and economic benefits.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a solar water heater heat collection system with phase change auxiliary heating according to the present invention;
reference numerals illustrate: the solar heat collector comprises a 1-auxiliary heat collecting tank, a 2-auxiliary heat collecting pipe, a 3-phase change working medium storage tank, a 4-valve, a 5-phase change working medium, a 6-vertical pipe inner layer, a 7-vertical pipe outer layer, an 8-throttle valve, a 9-connector, a 10-groove type condenser, an 11-coating, a 12-inner layer metal pipe, a 13-outer layer glass pipe and 14-bolts.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated in the following figures and examples, which are not intended to limit the scope of the claims of the present application.
The invention relates to a solar water heater heat collection system with phase change auxiliary heating, which comprises an auxiliary heat collection device (1-9 in figure 1) and a main heat collection device (10-13 in figure 1), wherein the auxiliary heat collection device (1-9 in figure 1) transmits collected solar energy to the main heat collection device (10-13 in figure 1) through a phase change working medium 5.
The main heat collecting device comprises a groove type condenser 10 and a sleeve heat collecting tube (12-13 in fig. 1), wherein the sleeve heat collecting tube comprises an outer layer glass tube 13 and an inner layer metal tube 12, the surface of which is coated with a solar energy absorbing coating 11, the outer layer glass tube 13 is overlapped with the central axis of the inner layer metal tube 12, a plurality of openings are formed in the bottom side of the outer layer glass tube 13, the sleeve heat collecting tube is arranged on a focusing line of the groove type condenser, two ends of the sleeve heat collecting tube are not closed, a heated working medium flows in from one end of the inner layer metal tube 12, and flows out from the other end of the inner layer metal tube 12;
the auxiliary heat collection device comprises an auxiliary heat collection tank 1, an auxiliary heat collection tube 2, a phase change working medium storage box 3, an outer layer of a vertical tube, an inner layer of the vertical tube, a throttle valve 8 and a connector 9, wherein the auxiliary heat collection tube 2 is filled with a phase change working medium 5, the auxiliary heat collection tube 2 is horizontally arranged at a focal line of the auxiliary heat collection tank 1, two ends of the auxiliary heat collection tube 2 are sealed, the phase change working medium storage box 3 is connected with the auxiliary heat collection tube 2, a plurality of connecting ports are formed in the top of the auxiliary heat collection tube 2 at positions corresponding to the openings of the bottom side of the outer layer glass tube, one end of the outer layer of the vertical tube is vertically connected with the connecting ports of the auxiliary heat collection tube 2, and the other end of the vertical tube is vertically connected with the corresponding bottom side opening of the outer layer glass tube through bolts 14; the inner layer 6 of the vertical pipe is nested in the outer layer 7 of the vertical pipe and is fixedly connected through a connecting body 9, and a throttle valve 8 for controlling flow is arranged on the inner layer 6 of the vertical pipe; the inner layer and the outer layer of the vertical pipe form the vertical pipe.
The invention is further characterized in that the auxiliary heat collecting tank 1 is a tank concentrator capable of focusing solar radiation energy.
The invention is further characterized in that a valve 4 is arranged on a pipeline connected with the phase-change working medium storage box 3 and the auxiliary heat collecting pipe 2, and when the phase-change working medium in the auxiliary heat collecting pipe is excessively evaporated, the phase-change working medium storage box 3 is used for supplementing through valve control; the application can also select the phase change working medium storage box to set up through the communicating vessel principle between the auxiliary heat collecting pipe, and the phase change working medium storage box can be supplementary phase change working medium for auxiliary heat collecting pipe because pressure effect automatic control phase change working medium in auxiliary heat collecting pipe too little.
The invention is further characterized in that the auxiliary heat collecting tube 2 is of a horizontal straight tube structure, and the cross section of the auxiliary heat collecting tube is of a rectangular, circular, elliptic or similar geometric topological structure. Along with the evaporation of the phase-change working medium, the liquid level can change, and the shape of the auxiliary heat collecting tube can influence the geometric dimension of the liquid level, so that the evaporation rate is influenced and controlled.
The vertical pipe adopts a sleeve structure and is perpendicular to the auxiliary heat collecting pipe and the sleeve heat collecting pipe, the number of the vertical pipe is 4-10, and the diameter of the vertical pipe is 10-800 mm; the vertical holding is for easy installation and reduced resistance to steam lifting.
The phase change working medium in the auxiliary heat collecting pipe is subjected to phase change through solar energy collected by the absorption auxiliary heat collecting groove, reaches the outer glass tube of the sleeve heat collecting pipe through the vertical pipe, and transfers heat to the working medium flowing through the inner layer of the sleeve heat collecting pipe through convection heat transfer and heat conduction to form a closed natural circulation;
the invention relates to a working principle of a phase-change auxiliary heating trough type solar water heater heat collection system, which comprises the following steps:
solar energy is absorbed by the auxiliary heat collecting device (1-9 in fig. 1), so that the phase-change working medium 5 is vaporized into steam containing a large amount of latent heat of vaporization in the auxiliary heat collecting tube 2, the steam enters the outer glass tube 13 of the sleeve heat collecting tube through the inner layer 6 of the vertical tube, the wall of the inner layer metal tube 12 is liquefied, a large amount of heat is transferred to the working medium flowing through the inner layer metal tube 12, and the working medium flows back to the auxiliary heat collecting tube 2 through the outer layer 7 of the vertical tube, so that a closed natural circulation is formed. When the temperature of the heated working medium is too high, the efficiency can be reduced through the throttle valve 8, and when the phase-change working medium 5 in the auxiliary heat collecting pipe 2 is too much evaporated, the phase-change working medium can be supplemented by the phase-change working medium storage box 3.
According to the invention, the inner layer of the vertical pipe is provided with the throttle valve capable of controlling the temperature, the vertical pipe is in a nested sleeve structure of the inner layer of the vertical pipe and the outer layer of the vertical pipe, steam is hoped to pass through the inner layer, and after liquefaction, the steam passes through the outer layer, so that the steam and the liquid are prevented from directly meeting, and the steam temperature is reduced. The outer glass tube 13 and the inner metal tube 12 do not need to be vacuumized, so that the technical problem of vacuum tube processing is solved, and the cost is reduced.
The heated working medium in the main heat collecting device continuously flows, the heat absorption quantity is less, and the phase change working medium in the auxiliary heat collecting tube does not flow, so that the heat absorption quantity can be continuously carried out, and the temperature is rapidly increased, so that the temperature is higher than the temperature of the main heat collecting device and the heat is provided for the main heat collecting device. The auxiliary heat collecting device and the main heat collecting device transfer energy to the heated working medium through the phase change of the phase change working medium 5, so that the utilization rate of solar energy is increased, and the heat collecting rate is improved.
Example 1
The solar water heater heat collection system comprises an auxiliary heat collection device and a main heat collection device, wherein the auxiliary heat collection device transmits collected solar energy to the main heat collection device through a phase change working medium 5.
The auxiliary heat collection device comprises an auxiliary heat collection tank 1, an auxiliary heat collection tube 2, a phase change working medium storage tank 3, a valve 4, a vertical tube, a throttle valve 8 and a connector 9, wherein the auxiliary heat collection tube 2 is internally filled with a phase change working medium 5, the auxiliary heat collection tank is arranged at the focal line of the auxiliary heat collection tank 1, the phase change working medium storage tank 3 is connected with the auxiliary heat collection tube 2, and the inner layer 6 of the vertical tube is connected with the outer layer 7 of the vertical tube through the connector 9.
The main heat collecting device comprises a groove type condenser 10 and a sleeve heat collecting tube, wherein the sleeve heat collecting tube comprises an outer glass tube 13 and an inner metal tube 12, the surface of which is coated with a solar energy absorbing coating 11, the central axes of the two tubes are coincident, and the bottom side of the outer glass tube 13 is open.
One end of the outer layer 7 of the vertical pipe is vertically connected with the auxiliary heat collecting pipe 2, the other end of the outer layer is vertically connected with the outer glass pipe 13 of the sleeve heat collecting pipe through bolts 14, and a throttle valve 8 for controlling flow is arranged on the inner layer 6 of the vertical pipe.
The main heat collecting device in the embodiment takes the existing trough type heat collector device with unit length; the auxiliary heat collection groove is a groove type condenser, and the length of the auxiliary heat collection groove is 2m; the auxiliary heat collecting tube is a cuboid tube, and the geometric dimensions are as follows: 2 m.times.0.5 m.times.1m; the number of the stand pipes is 4, and the diameter of the outer layer of the stand pipe is 80mm; the phase change working medium is water.
Taking Beijing as an example, the instantaneous solar irradiation intensity in summer is about 800w/m 2 The heat collecting area of the main heat collecting device in unit length is about 2.25m 2 The heat collection efficiency was about 63%.
When the temperature of the water in the auxiliary heat collecting pipe is 40 ℃, the overall heat efficiency is improved by 58.8%; if the temperature of the water in the auxiliary heat collecting pipe reaches 80 ℃, the overall heat efficiency is improved by about 136%.
Example 2
The phase-change auxiliary heating trough type solar water heater heat collection system is characterized in that the auxiliary heat collection trough is a trough type condenser and the length is 4m; the cross section of the auxiliary heat collecting tube is circular, the length is 4m, and the diameter is 1m; the number of the stand pipes is 8, and the diameter of the outer layer of the stand pipe is 100mm; the phase change working medium is water.
Taking Beijing as an example, the instantaneous solar irradiation intensity in winter is about 200w/m 2 The heat collecting area of the main heat collecting device in unit length is about 2.25m 2 Heat collecting efficiency is about63%.
When the temperature of the water in the auxiliary heat collecting pipe is 4 ℃, the overall heat efficiency is improved by 174.9 percent; if the temperature of the water in the auxiliary heat collecting pipe reaches 20 ℃, the overall heat efficiency is improved by about 657.3 percent.
The primary heat collecting devices of example 1 and example 2 are taken as a unit length, while the secondary part of example 2 is much larger in size than example 1. The calculation procedure for both examples is as follows:
example 1: heat absorption capacity of the main heat collection device within 1 second: 800w/m 2 ×2.25m 2 ×63％＝1134J，
Heat provided by the auxiliary heat collection device within 1 second: water evaporation rate at 40 ℃ x water evaporation surface area x water evaporation latent heat at 40 ℃ = 666.792J
The overall thermal efficiency is improved: 666.792J/1134 J=58.8%
Example 2: heat absorption capacity of the main heat collection device within 1 second: 200w/m 2 ×2.25m 2 ×63％＝283.5J
Heat provided by the auxiliary heat collection device within 1 second: water evaporation rate at 4 ℃ water surface area x water evaporation latent heat at 4 ℃ = 496J
The overall thermal efficiency is improved: 496J/283.5 j= 174.9%.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes, substitutions and modifications that can be easily made by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention.
The invention is applicable to the prior art where it is not described.
Claims (3)
1. The solar water heater heat collection system is characterized by comprising an auxiliary heat collection device and a main heat collection device, wherein the auxiliary heat collection device transmits collected solar energy to the main heat collection device through a phase change working medium;
the main heat collection device comprises a groove type condenser and a sleeve heat collection tube, wherein the sleeve heat collection tube comprises an outer layer glass tube and an inner layer metal tube, the surface of the inner layer metal tube is coated with a solar energy absorption coating, the outer layer glass tube is overlapped with the central axis of the inner layer metal tube, a plurality of openings are formed in the bottom side of the outer layer glass tube, the sleeve heat collection tube is arranged on a focusing line of the groove type condenser, two ends of the sleeve heat collection tube are not closed, a heated working medium flows in from one end of the inner layer metal tube, and flows out from the other end of the inner layer metal tube;
the auxiliary heat collecting device comprises an auxiliary heat collecting tank, an auxiliary heat collecting pipe, a phase change working medium storage box, a vertical pipe outer layer, a vertical pipe inner layer, a throttle valve and a connecting body, wherein the auxiliary heat collecting pipe is filled with a phase change working medium, the auxiliary heat collecting pipe is horizontally arranged at a focal line of the auxiliary heat collecting tank, two ends of the auxiliary heat collecting pipe are closed, the phase change working medium storage box is connected with the auxiliary heat collecting pipe, a plurality of connecting ports are formed in the top of the auxiliary heat collecting pipe at positions corresponding to the openings of the bottom side of the outer layer glass pipe, one end of the vertical pipe outer layer is vertically connected with the connecting ports of the auxiliary heat collecting pipe, and the other end of the vertical pipe outer layer glass pipe is vertically connected with the corresponding bottom side openings of the outer layer glass pipe through bolts; the inner layer of the vertical pipe is nested in the outer layer of the vertical pipe and is fixedly connected through a connector, and a throttle valve for controlling flow is arranged on the inner layer of the vertical pipe; the inner layer and the outer layer of the vertical pipe form the vertical pipe;
the auxiliary heat collection groove is a groove type condenser capable of focusing solar radiation energy; and a valve is arranged on a pipeline connected with the phase change working medium storage box and the auxiliary heat collecting pipe.
2. The solar water heater heat collecting system with phase change auxiliary heating function as claimed in claim 1, wherein the auxiliary heat collecting tube has a horizontal straight tube structure, and the cross section of the auxiliary heat collecting tube is rectangular, circular or elliptical.
3. The solar water heater heat collecting system with phase change auxiliary heating according to claim 1, wherein the vertical pipe adopts a sleeve structure and is perpendicular to the auxiliary heat collecting pipe and the sleeve heat collecting pipe, the number of the heat collecting pipes is 4-10, and the diameter of the heat collecting pipes is 10-800 mm.
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