CN108330703B - 一种仿海獭皮毛结构的防水保暖面料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种仿海獭皮毛结构的防水保暖面料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN108330703B
CN108330703B CN201810292608.4A CN201810292608A CN108330703B CN 108330703 B CN108330703 B CN 108330703B CN 201810292608 A CN201810292608 A CN 201810292608A CN 108330703 B CN108330703 B CN 108330703B
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陈东进
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SHENZHEN ELLASSAY FASHION Co.,Ltd.
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Abstract

本发明提供一种仿海獭皮毛结构的防水保暖面料及其制备方法,具体制备方法为:将双面通孔的多孔金属膜热处理后去除表面的气体后,置于真空烘箱中,抽真空处理,加入聚氨酯溶液,充分渗透后,恢复至常压,去除多孔金属膜,得到直径为100‑200μm的聚氨酯纤维;将聚氨酯纤维先浸渍于聚乙烯或者聚偏氯乙烯溶液中,经提拉烘干,得到含波纹状涂层的聚氨酯纤维;然后用含碱金属氢氧化物的醇溶液中,微波振荡微刻蚀处理后,织造形成高密度的织物,经高密度磨毛处理制备得到坯布;将坯布表面涂覆半固态防水油脂,涂覆至坯布的表面的纤维中30‑60%,使防水油脂与坯布底层之间还有一层空腔,得到仿海獭皮毛结构的防水保暖面料。

Description

一种仿海獭皮毛结构的防水保暖面料及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于纺织材料技术领域,具体涉及一种仿海獭皮毛结构的防水保暖面料及其制备方法。
背景技术
仿生学就是通过研究、学习、模拟来复制和再造某些生物的特性和功能以提高人类适应和改造自然的能力,而仿生材料学是仿生学的一个重要分支,是指从分子水平上研究生物材料的结构特点、构效关系,进而研发出类似或优于原生物材料的新兴科学,是化学、材料学、生物学、物理学等学科的交叉,仿生材料研究的主要包括材料的结构仿生、材料的过程仿生以及材料的功能仿生等。结构仿生是以生物体不同结构层次(微观、细观、宏观)的形态为依据,对材料、结构、系统进行仿生模拟,如模仿鱼外形设计的船只,模仿鸟类设计的飞行器、模仿蜂窝结构的工程材料、以及模仿珍珠贝壳、蜘蛛丝、毛竹、木材、植物、骨骼和昆虫表面的结构特征制备的新型材料,在工业和生活领域有越来越广泛的应用。
毛是哺乳动物的重要组成部分,受哺乳动物生态环境的影响,不同动物毛及其不同部分的毛的形态结构也不同。海獭属于哺乳纲食肉目鼬科水獭亚科海獭属,海獭皮毛是最厚、最密实的皮毛,皮毛上还有一层油脂,保持毛皮的清洁与防水性,使海獭在深水里也能起到良好的防水作用,且下层绒毛发挥调节体温与保温的作用。但目前对海獭的研究十分有限,且主要针对于海獭生态、保护和繁殖方面的研究,并没有针对海獭皮毛特殊的结构进行仿生方面的研究。中国专利CN 104026785A公开的一种高贵动物纤维混纺面料,将狐狸毛纤维、水貂毛纤维、黑貂毛纤维和水獭毛纤维混纺编织得到,得到保暖和柔软的混纺面料。中国专利CN 104057651A公开的一种双层保暖透气面料,该双层保暖透气面料包括保暖上层面料和透气下层面料,其中保暖上层面料是有羊驼毛纤维和水獭毛纤维混纺编织而成,透气下层面料是由菠萝叶纤维和莫代尔纤维混纺编织而成,通过调节各组分的用料和面料的厚度,得到下层吸湿透气、上层保暖的双层保暖透气面料。由上述现有技术可知,目前并没有将海獭皮毛仿生用于纺织面料的研究,只有少量的将水獭毛纤维在纺织面料中的应用,且由于海獭的资源少,属于国家保护动物,以海獭皮毛为原料制备的面料不仅成本高,来源少,而且难以市场推广,因此,制备仿海獭结构和性能的纺织纤维或面料具有十分大的意义。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种仿海獭皮毛结构的防水保暖面料及其制备方法,将微米级聚氨酯纤维表面附着鳞片状涂层处理后,制备形成高密度织物,再将半固态防水油脂涂覆至坯布的表面的纤维中30-60%,使防水油脂与坯布底层之间还有一层空腔,得到仿海獭皮毛结构的防水保暖面料。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明的技术方案是:
一种仿海獭皮毛结构的防水保暖面料,所述仿海獭皮毛结构的防水保暖面料从下往上依次包括坯布、空气空腔和半固态防水油脂,所述坯布为微米级聚氨酯纤维制备的高密度面料,所述微米级聚氨酯纤维的表面含有鳞片状的聚乙烯或者聚偏氯乙烯涂层。
作为上述技术方案的优选,所述聚乙烯或者聚偏氯乙烯涂层是由浸渍提拉固化和微刻蚀方法处理得到。
本发明还提供一种仿海獭皮毛结构的防水保暖面料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将双面通孔的多孔金属膜在450-500℃下预处理60-90min,去除表面的气体后,置于真空烘箱中,抽真空处理30-60min,加入聚氨酯溶液,充分渗透后,恢复至常压,去除多孔金属膜,得到直径为100-200μm的聚氨酯纤维;
(2)将步骤(1)制备的聚氨酯纤维先浸渍于聚乙烯或者聚偏氯乙烯溶液中,经提拉烘干,得到含波纹状涂层的聚氨酯纤维;
(3)将步骤(2)制备的含波纹状涂层的聚氨酯纤维浸渍于含碱金属氢氧化物的醇溶液中,微波振荡,得到微刻蚀的聚氨酯纤维;
(4)将步骤(3)制备的微刻蚀的聚氨酯纤维织造形成高密度的织物,经高密度磨毛处理制备得到坯布;
(5)将步骤(4)制备的坯布表面涂覆半固态防水油脂,涂覆至坯布的表面的纤维中30-60%,使防水油脂与坯布底层之间还有一层空腔,得到仿海獭皮毛结构的防水保暖面料。
作为上述技术方案的优选,所述步骤(1)中,多孔金属膜的孔径为150-300nm,去除多孔金属膜的方法为用0.1-0.3mol/L的盐酸浸渍法。
作为上述技术方案的优选,所述步骤(2)中,聚乙烯或者聚偏氯乙烯溶液中固含量为4-8wt%。
作为上述技术方案的优选,所述步骤(2)中,提拉烘干的工艺为:在50-60℃下,先以0.1-0.2mm/min的速率提拉,再以0.3-0.5mm/min的速率提拉,最后以0.1-0.2mm/min的速率提拉。
作为上述技术方案的优选,所述步骤(3)中,含碱金属氢氧化物的醇溶液中碱金属氢氧化物的浓度为1-4%。
作为上述技术方案的优选,所述步骤(3)中,微波振荡的功率为50-100W,温度为10-40℃,时间为30-120min。
作为上述技术方案的优选,所述步骤(4)中,坯布中磨毛的密度为120000-130000根/cm2,磨毛的长度为5-20mm。
作为上述技术方案的优选,所述步骤(5)中,半固态防水油脂为防水密封润滑脂。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下有益效果:
(1)本发明制备的防水面料是对海獭皮毛进行仿生处理,海獭的针毛共有直针毛、披针毛和绒针毛,直径分别为160±15μm、100±10μm和90±10μm,针毛的鳞片外层花纹含有排列非常密集杂波型鳞片和瓣状型的鳞片,鳞片瓣先间距逐渐增大再缩小,因此本发明将多孔金属膜作为模板制备得到规整的微米级聚氨酯纤维,将微米级聚氨酯纤维表面利用提拉固化的方法附着聚乙烯或者聚偏氯乙烯涂层,通过控制提拉的速度得到间距不同的不规则波浪层,将不规则波浪层再经碱金属氢氧化物醇溶液进行微刻蚀,得到在纤维表面得到类似花瓣结构的涂层结构,有利于之后半固态防水油脂的附着于纤维表面,形成具有空腔结构的面料。
(2)本发明制备的仿海獭皮毛结构的防水保暖面料从下往上依次包括坯布、空气空腔和半固态防水油脂,高密度坯布可牢固的固定半固态防水油脂和空气空腔,其中半固态防水油脂厚实,可防止水渗透到织物表面,空气空腔具有良好的隔热保温作用,赋予面料防水保温的功效,本发明的制备方法简单,通过模拟海獭皮毛的结构,通过简单的物理附着仿生海獭皮毛的结构,赋予面料优异的性能,可用于特殊需求的纺织领域。
具体实施方式
下面将结合具体实施例来详细说明本发明,在此本发明的示意性实施例以及说明用来解释本发明,但并不作为对本发明的限定。
实施例1:
(1)将孔径为150-300nm的双面通孔的多孔金属膜在450℃下预处理60min,去除表面的气体后,置于真空烘箱中,抽真空处理30min,加入聚氨酯溶液,充分渗透后,恢复至常压,用0.1mol/L的盐酸浸渍去除多孔金属膜,得到直径为100-200μm的聚氨酯纤维。
(2)将聚氨酯纤维先浸渍于固含量为4wt%的聚乙烯溶液中,在50℃下,先以0.1mm/min的速率提拉,再以0.3mm/min的速率提拉,最后以0.1mm/min的速率提拉,烘干,得到含波纹状涂层的聚氨酯纤维。
(3)将含波纹状涂层的聚氨酯纤维浸渍于含1%碱金属氢氧化物的醇溶液中,在50w功率和10℃温度下微波振荡30min,得到微刻蚀的聚氨酯纤维。
(4)将微刻蚀的聚氨酯纤维织造形成密度为120000根/cm2的高密度的织物,经高密度磨毛处理制备得到磨毛的长度为5mm的坯布。
(5)将坯布表面涂覆半固态防水密封润滑脂,涂覆至坯布的表面的纤维中30%,使防水油脂与坯布底层之间还有一层空腔,得到仿海獭皮毛结构的防水保暖面料。
实施例2:
(1)将孔径为150-300nm的双面通孔的多孔金属膜在500℃下预处理90min,去除表面的气体后,置于真空烘箱中,抽真空处理60min,加入聚氨酯溶液,充分渗透后,恢复至常压,用0.3mol/L的盐酸浸渍去除多孔金属膜,得到直径为100-200μm的聚氨酯纤维。
(2)将聚氨酯纤维先浸渍于固含量为8wt%的聚偏氯乙烯溶液中,在60℃下,先以0.2mm/min的速率提拉,再以0.5mm/min的速率提拉,最后以0.2mm/min的速率提拉,烘干,得到含波纹状涂层的聚氨酯纤维。
(3)将含波纹状涂层的聚氨酯纤维浸渍于含4%碱金属氢氧化物的醇溶液中,在100w功率和40℃温度下微波振荡120min,得到微刻蚀的聚氨酯纤维。
(4)将微刻蚀的聚氨酯纤维织造形成密度为130000根/cm2的高密度的织物,经高密度磨毛处理制备得到磨毛的长度为20mm的坯布。
(5)将坯布表面涂覆半固态防水密封润滑脂,涂覆至坯布的表面的纤维中60%,使防水油脂与坯布底层之间还有一层空腔,得到仿海獭皮毛结构的防水保暖面料。
实施例3:
(1)将孔径为150-300nm的双面通孔的多孔金属膜在480℃下预处理70min,去除表面的气体后,置于真空烘箱中,抽真空处理45min,加入聚氨酯溶液,充分渗透后,恢复至常压,用0.2mol/L的盐酸浸渍去除多孔金属膜,得到直径为100-200μm的聚氨酯纤维。
(2)将聚氨酯纤维先浸渍于固含量为5wt%的聚乙烯溶液中,在55℃下,先以0.15mm/min的速率提拉,再以0.4mm/min的速率提拉,最后以0.12mm/min的速率提拉,烘干,得到含波纹状涂层的聚氨酯纤维。
(3)将含波纹状涂层的聚氨酯纤维浸渍于含2%碱金属氢氧化物的醇溶液中,在80w功率和25℃温度下微波振荡60min,得到微刻蚀的聚氨酯纤维。
(4)将微刻蚀的聚氨酯纤维织造形成密度为125000根/cm2的高密度的织物,经高密度磨毛处理制备得到磨毛的长度为10mm的坯布。
(5)将坯布表面涂覆半固态防水密封润滑脂,涂覆至坯布的表面的纤维中45%,使防水油脂与坯布底层之间还有一层空腔,得到仿海獭皮毛结构的防水保暖面料。
实施例4:
(1)将孔径为150-300nm的双面通孔的多孔金属膜在490℃下预处理75min,去除表面的气体后,置于真空烘箱中,抽真空处理50min,加入聚氨酯溶液,充分渗透后,恢复至常压,用0.15mol/L的盐酸浸渍去除多孔金属膜,得到直径为100-200μm的聚氨酯纤维。
(2)将聚氨酯纤维先浸渍于固含量为5.5wt%的聚乙烯溶液中,在56℃下,先以0.14mm/min的速率提拉,再以0.35mm/min的速率提拉,最后以0.15mm/min的速率提拉,烘干,得到含波纹状涂层的聚氨酯纤维。
(3)将含波纹状涂层的聚氨酯纤维浸渍于含3.5%碱金属氢氧化物的醇溶液中,在75w功率和15℃温度下微波振荡60min,得到微刻蚀的聚氨酯纤维。
(4)将微刻蚀的聚氨酯纤维织造形成密度为123000根/cm2的高密度的织物,经高密度磨毛处理制备得到磨毛的长度为15mm的坯布。
(5)将坯布表面涂覆半固态防水密封润滑脂,涂覆至坯布的表面的纤维中50%,使防水油脂与坯布底层之间还有一层空腔,得到仿海獭皮毛结构的防水保暖面料。
实施例5:
(1)将孔径为150-300nm的双面通孔的多孔金属膜在450℃下预处理90min,去除表面的气体后,置于真空烘箱中,抽真空处理30min,加入聚氨酯溶液,充分渗透后,恢复至常压,用0.3mol/L的盐酸浸渍去除多孔金属膜,得到直径为100-200μm的聚氨酯纤维。
(2)将聚氨酯纤维先浸渍于固含量为4wt%的聚乙烯或溶液中,在60℃下,先以0.1mm/min的速率提拉,再以0.5mm/min的速率提拉,最后以0.1mm/min的速率提拉,烘干,得到含波纹状涂层的聚氨酯纤维。
(3)将含波纹状涂层的聚氨酯纤维浸渍于含4%碱金属氢氧化物的醇溶液中,在100w功率和10℃温度下微波振荡120min,得到微刻蚀的聚氨酯纤维。
(4)将微刻蚀的聚氨酯纤维织造形成密度为120000根/cm2的高密度的织物,经高密度磨毛处理制备得到磨毛的长度为20mm的坯布。
(5)将坯布表面涂覆半固态防水密封润滑脂,涂覆至坯布的表面的纤维中30%,使防水油脂与坯布底层之间还有一层空腔,得到仿海獭皮毛结构的防水保暖面料。
实施例6:
(1)将孔径为150-300nm的双面通孔的多孔金属膜在500℃下预处理60min,去除表面的气体后,置于真空烘箱中,抽真空处理60min,加入聚氨酯溶液,充分渗透后,恢复至常压,用0.1mol/L的盐酸浸渍去除多孔金属膜,得到直径为100-200μm的聚氨酯纤维。
(2)将聚氨酯纤维先浸渍于固含量为8wt%的聚偏氯乙烯溶液中,在50℃下,先以0.2mm/min的速率提拉,再以0.3mm/min的速率提拉,最后以0.2mm/min的速率提拉,烘干,得到含波纹状涂层的聚氨酯纤维。
(3)将含波纹状涂层的聚氨酯纤维浸渍于含1%碱金属氢氧化物的醇溶液中,在50w功率和40℃温度下微波振荡30min,得到微刻蚀的聚氨酯纤维。
(4)将微刻蚀的聚氨酯纤维织造形成密度为130000根/cm2的高密度的织物,经高密度磨毛处理制备得到磨毛长度为5mm的坯布。
(5)将坯布表面涂覆半固态防水密封润滑脂,涂覆至坯布的表面的纤维中60%,使防水油脂与坯布底层之间还有一层空腔,得到仿海獭皮毛结构的防水保暖面料。
经检测,实施例1-6制备的仿海獭皮毛结构的防水保暖面料的防水和保暖的结果如下所示:
实施例1 实施例2 实施例3 实施例4 实施例5 实施例6
防水等级 水中型 水中型 水中型 水中型 水中型 水中型
保暖系数(Clo) 2.6 3.4 2.9 3.0 2.8 3.1
由上表可见,本发明制备的仿海獭皮毛结构的防水保暖面料在水中长时间浸泡也不会进入内部,且保暖性好。
上述实施例仅例示性说明本发明的原理及其功效,而非用于限制本发明。任何熟悉此技术的人士皆可在不违背本发明的精神及范畴下,对上述实施例进行修饰或改变。因此,举凡所属技术领域中具有通常知识者在未脱离本发明所揭示的精神与技术思想下所完成的一切等效修饰或改变,仍应由本发明的权利要求所涵盖。

Claims (10)

1.一种仿海獭皮毛结构的防水保暖面料,其特征在于:所述仿海獭皮毛结构的防水保暖面料从下往上依次包括坯布、空气空腔和半固态防水油脂,所述坯布为微米级聚氨酯纤维制备的高密度面料,所述微米级聚氨酯纤维的表面含有鳞片状的聚乙烯或者聚偏氯乙烯涂层。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种仿海獭皮毛结构的防水保暖面料,其特征在于:所述聚乙烯或者聚偏氯乙烯涂层是由浸渍提拉固化和微刻蚀方法处理得到。
3.一种仿海獭皮毛结构的防水保暖面料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)将双面通孔的多孔金属膜在450-500℃下预处理60-90min,去除表面的气体后,置于真空烘箱中,抽真空处理30-60min,加入聚氨酯溶液,充分渗透后,恢复至常压,去除多孔金属膜,得到直径为100-200μm的聚氨酯纤维;
(2)将步骤(1)制备的聚氨酯纤维先浸渍于聚乙烯或者聚偏氯乙烯溶液中,经提拉烘干,得到含波纹状涂层的聚氨酯纤维;
(3)将步骤(2)制备的含波纹状涂层的聚氨酯纤维浸渍于含碱金属氢氧化物的醇溶液中,微波振荡,得到微刻蚀的聚氨酯纤维;
(4)将步骤(3)制备的微刻蚀的聚氨酯纤维织造形成高密度的织物,经高密度磨毛处理制备得到坯布;
(5)将步骤(4)制备的坯布表面涂覆半固态防水油脂,涂覆至坯布的表面的纤维中30-60%,使防水油脂与坯布底层之间还有一层空腔,得到仿海獭皮毛结构的防水保暖面料。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种仿海獭皮毛结构的防水保暖面料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(1)中,多孔金属膜的孔径为150-300nm,去除多孔金属膜的方法为用0.1-0.3mol/L的盐酸浸渍法。
5.根据权利要求3所述的一种仿海獭皮毛结构的防水保暖面料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(2)中,聚乙烯或者聚偏氯乙烯溶液中固含量为4-8wt%。
6.根据权利要求3所述的一种仿海獭皮毛结构的防水保暖面料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(2)中,提拉烘干的工艺为:在50-60℃下,先以0.1-0.2mm/min的速率提拉,再以0.3-0.5mm/min的速率提拉,最后以0.1-0.2mm/min的速率提拉。
7.根据权利要求3所述的一种仿海獭皮毛结构的防水保暖面料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(3)中,含碱金属氢氧化物的醇溶液中碱金属氢氧化物的浓度为1-4%。
8.根据权利要求3所述的一种仿海獭皮毛结构的防水保暖面料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(3)中,微波振荡的功率为50-100W,温度为10-40℃,时间为30-120min。
9.根据权利要求3所述的一种仿海獭皮毛结构的防水保暖面料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(4)中,坯布中磨毛的密度为120000-130000根/cm2,磨毛的长度为5-20mm。
10.根据权利要求3所述的一种仿海獭皮毛结构的防水保暖面料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(5)中,半固态防水油脂为防水密封润滑脂。
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