CN108330389B - Production process of calcium-treatment-free calm clean steel - Google Patents
Production process of calcium-treatment-free calm clean steel Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/04—Making ferrous alloys by melting
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- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/0006—Adding metallic additives
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/04—Removing impurities by adding a treating agent
- C21C7/06—Deoxidising, e.g. killing
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
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- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
Abstract
The invention discloses a production process of calm clean steel without calcium treatment, belonging to the technical field of ferrous metallurgy, and being characterized in that the production of mouldability low-carbon aluminum calm clean steel is carried out without calcium treatment, and the specific flow is as follows: molten iron → oxygen top and bottom combined blown converter → LF refining → argon soft blowing at the bottom of the ladle → continuous casting → continuous rolling. Compared with the prior art, the method does not adopt a calcium treatment process, saves the calcium treatment cost, avoids the problem that high-melting-point aluminate is easy to flocculate, improves the formability of the steel plate, and reduces the occurrence probability of cold bending cracking.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ferrous metallurgy, in particular to a production process of mouldable low-carbon aluminum killed clean steel without calcium treatment in the thin slab continuous casting field.
Background
In the current process for producing low-carbon (silicon-containing or silicon-controlled) aluminum killed steel by using thin slabs, calcium treatment is a core link, and the specific production process generally adopts a process flow of molten iron → an oxygen top and bottom combined blown converter → LF refining → argon soft blowing at the bottom of a steel ladle → calcium treatment → argon soft blowing at the bottom of the steel ladle → thin slab continuous casting → continuous rolling. Wherein the calcium treatment process specifically comprises the following steps: molten steel is fed into the calcium metal solid core-spun yarn, and the aim is as follows: controlling proper calcium-aluminum ratio to generate low-melting-point liquid 12 CaO.7 Al2O3、3CaO·Al2O3Aluminate promotes the floating of inclusions and improves the castability of molten steel.
However, in the actual production, the yield of calcium is usually about 20% by adopting the calcium treatment process, most of calcium is remained in a metal melting bath at the smelting temperature and mainly exists in the following forms of (1) oxide inclusion, solid calcium aluminate (C.6A, C.2A and C.A); (2) CaS inclusions exist in molten steel, and the existence form of calcium easily causes water gap blockage, influences and limits the production efficiency of thin slab continuous casting; in addition, high-melting-point calcium aluminate inclusion in the molten steel influences the formability of the steel plate and is easy to generate cold bending cracking.
Therefore, the method is different from the calcium treatment technology of the existing sheet billet for producing low-carbon (silicon-containing or silicon-controlled) aluminum killed steel, how to overcome the prejudice of the prior art, get rid of the calcium treatment link, better control the amount of impurities, improve the castability of molten steel and reduce the flocculation problem becomes the technical difficulty in the field at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims at overcoming the defects of the prior art and provides a production process of calm clean steel without calcium treatment. The invention overcomes the prejudice of the prior art, gets rid of the link of the calcium treatment process, can still completely meet the castability requirement of the continuous casting molten steel, and improves the formability of the steel plate because of the small quantity of high-melting point calcium aluminate inclusions.
The technical scheme for solving the technical problem is as follows: a production process of calcium-free treatment sedative clean steel is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) the sulfur content of the molten iron is reduced to below 0.02 percent by the pretreatment of the molten iron;
(2) oxygen top-bottom combined blown converter: controlling the end point molten steel [ O ] of the converter to be less than 600 ppm;
(3) LF refining: refining incoming molten steel [ Al ]]0.030-0.060% of molten steel, wherein the temperature of the molten steel is more than or equal to 1550 ℃; the controlled slag composition is: 55-60% of CaO; al (Al)2O335～40％；SiO22-4%; 5-7% of MgO and CaO/SiO as alkalinity2The value is 20-26; refining to produce white slag; adjusting the aluminum content of the molten steel, wherein the aluminum mixing frequency is less than or equal to 3 times; the molten steel comprises the following components in percentage by mass: c: 0.038-0.045%, Si: 0.025-0.035%, Mn: 0.08-0.20%, P is less than or equal to 0.015%, S is less than or equal to 0.003%, Alt: 0.015 to 0.040%, the balance being iron and trace inevitable impurities;
(4) argon soft blowing at the bottom of the steel ladle: the soft blowing sedation time is 20-30 minutes;
(5) continuous casting: the difference value between acid-soluble aluminum and total aluminum is controlled to be less than or equal to 0.002 percent, and the pulling speed is 3-6 m/min;
(6) and (5) rolling steel.
Wherein:
in the step (4), the ladle adopts double air bricks, the blowing strength is based on the fact that molten steel is not exposed, and the bottom blowing is not greatly stirred and cooled after the refining is finished and the ladle is taken out of the station.
In the step (5), the continuous casting adopts an integral submerged nozzle, the ladle is opened for casting and argon purging, the double-layer covering agent is used for protecting the ladle long nozzle for casting, and the integral submerged nozzle is used for casting molten steel through argon protection.
The double-layer covering agent is alkaline at the lower part and acidic at the upper part.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following outstanding beneficial effects:
1. the invention overcomes the prejudice of the prior art, gets rid of the link of calcium treatment process, avoids the problem that high-melting-point aluminate is easy to flocculate, improves the formability of the steel plate and reduces the occurrence probability of cold bending cracking;
2. the technology of the invention can avoid the problem of nitrogen increase caused by the calcium treatment process;
3. the technology of the invention reduces the process steps, simplifies the process flow, can completely control and reduce the number of the impurities, meets the requirements of cleanliness and castability of the molten steel of continuous casting, has obvious floating and adsorption effects of the impurities, and has the component qualification rate of the product reaching 99.3 percent;
4. by using the technology of the invention, the calcium treatment cost is saved, the cost per ton of steel is saved by about 4.1 yuan/ton, and the profit margin is improved for enterprises.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a scanning electron micrograph of inclusions of comparative example 3.
FIG. 2 is a SEM image of inclusions in example 1.
FIG. 3 is a SEM image of inclusions in example 3.
FIG. 4 is a SEM image of inclusions in example 4.
Fig. 5 is a rod plug erosion pattern of comparative example 3.
Fig. 6 is a rod plug erosion pattern of example 3.
Detailed Description
The production technology of the thin slab continuous casting low-carbon aluminum killed clean steel is further explained in detail by combining a comparative example and a specific example.
The following is the production process of steel grade H01301. Low carbon (controlled silicon) aluminum killed steel.
Comparative example 1: the technical route for the existing calcium treatment process is as follows: molten iron → oxygen top and bottom combined blown converter → LF refining → ladle bottom argon soft blowing → calcium treatment → ladle bottom argon soft blowing → continuous casting → steel rolling.
(1) Molten iron: reducing the sulfur content of the molten iron to be below 0.02 percent by means of pretreatment of the molten iron and the like;
(2) smelting in a converter: the molten iron is primarily smelted in a converter, and the converter is blown by oxygen top and bottom. Wherein, the sublance technology and the bottom argon blowing technology are adopted to control the end point molten steel [ O ] of the converter to be less than 600ppm and the slag-stopping tapping.
(3) LF refining: after tapping, carrying out ladle refining, adding an aluminum deoxidizer, an alloy and quicklime to adjust the components of molten steel, and then blowing argon in an argon station for deoxidation refining; after the deoxidation, the argon is adjusted to be in a soft blowing state, and the argon flow is 30m3H, soft blowing time 8 min. The molten steel comprises the following components in percentage by mass: c: 0.038-0.045%, Si: 0.025-0.035%, Mn: 0.08-0.20%, P is less than or equal to 0.015%, S is less than or equal to 0.003%, Alt: 0.015 to 0.040%, the balance being iron and trace inevitable impurities. The addition amount of the aluminum deoxidizer, the alloy and the quicklime is carried out according to the steel grade manufacturing standard.
(4) Calcium treatment: adjusting the flow rate of bottom blowing argon to 30m3/h, feeding a seamless metal calcium wire into a furnace at a speed of 2-2.5 m/s by using a wire feeder to reach the content of Ca in molten steel: 0.0010-0.0040%;
(5) argon soft blowing and calming at the bottom of the steel ladle: adjusting argon to soft blowing state after calcium treatment, wherein the soft blowing time is 8min, and the argon flow is 30m3/h。
(6) Continuous casting: controlling steel flow by adopting an aluminum-carbon integral stopper, protecting and casting from a ladle to a tundish by adopting a long nozzle, and pulling at a speed of 3-6 m/min by adopting an aluminum-carbon external submerged nozzle.
(7) And (5) rolling steel.
The above process is the existing thin slab continuous casting production technology, and the specific steps are not described again.
Comparative example 2: for the calcium removal treatment step in comparative example 1, the preset technical route of the process is as follows: molten iron → oxygen top and bottom combined blown converter → LF refining → argon soft blowing at the bottom of the ladle → thin slab continuous casting → continuous rolling.
The process steps and parameters were the same as in comparative example 1 except for the calcium treatment step.
Example 1
(1) Molten iron: reducing the sulfur content of the molten iron to be below 0.02 percent by means of pretreatment of the molten iron and the like;
(2) oxygen top-bottom combined blown converter: the converter end point molten steel [ O ] is controlled by adopting a sublance technology and a bottom argon blowing technology]Less than 600ppm, slag-stopping tapping, converter end-point molten steel [ O ]]Less than 600ppm, less addition of deoxidized aluminum and less Al2O3The total amount of deoxidation inclusions.
(3) LF refining: adjusting refining incoming molten steel [ Al ]]0.030-0.060% of molten steel, wherein the temperature of the molten steel is more than or equal to 1550 ℃; adding lime according to 8-12 Kg/ton, controlling the slag composition to be 55-60% of CaO and Al2O335～40％；SiO23-4%; 5-7% of MgO and CaO/SiO as alkalinity2The number is 20-26; refining to produce white slag; adjusting the aluminum component of the molten steel, wherein the aluminum blending frequency is less than 3 times, specifically twice in the embodiment; feeding limestone core-spun yarn for 500 m; the silicon content of the molten steel is 0.025-0.035%; the mass percentage of the components of the molten steel discharged from the refining station is controlled as follows: c: 0.038-0.045%, Si: 0.025-0.035%, Mn: 0.08-0.20%, P is less than or equal to 0.015%, S is less than or equal to 0.003%, Alt: 0.015 to 0.040%, the balance being iron and trace inevitable impurities. Controlling the aluminum content and the temperature of the incoming molten steel so as to achieve the purposes of facilitating refining and white slag making and stabilizing the production rhythm; the slag former controls the alkalinity within the range of 20-26, so that the slag has good deoxidation and desulfurization capacity and aluminum oxide inclusion adsorption capacity, the aluminum distribution times are less than 3, concentrated deoxidation is favorable for the accumulation and floating of inclusions, the aluminum distribution times are more, and the later stage, the lower the oxygen concentration in the molten steel is, the more dispersed the formed aluminum oxide inclusions are, and the floating of the inclusions is not favorable. The protection pouring of the continuous casting ladle to the tundish and the protection pouring of the tundish to the crystallizer are important links for controlling nitrogen.
(4) Argon soft blowing and calming at the bottom of the steel ladle: the steel ladle adopts double air bricks, the blowing strength is based on non-exposed molten steel, and the soft blowing and calming time is 24 minutes; and the bottom blowing can not be greatly stirred and cooled after the refining is out of the station. So that the aluminum oxide inclusions float up sufficiently and the molten steel is purified.
(5) Continuous casting: and an integral submerged nozzle is adopted, and the ladle slag is automatically detected. Argon purging is performed on a tundish, a double-layer covering agent (alkaline at the lower part and acidic at the upper part) is used, the ladle long nozzle is used for protecting and pouring, an integral submerged nozzle (zirconia lining) is used, a high-purity magnesium stopper rod, automatic control of the liquid level of a crystallizer, electromagnetic braking and ladle slag tapping detection are performed; pouring molten steel through argon protection, controlling the difference between acid-soluble aluminum and total aluminum to be less than or equal to 0.002%, and controlling the pulling speed to be 3-6 m/min; the protection pouring of the continuous casting ladle to the tundish and the protection pouring of the tundish to the crystallizer are important links for controlling nitrogen.
(6) And (5) rolling steel.
The invention focuses on the clean production technology of molten steel, the steel rolling procedures are the same and do not involve the change of the steel rolling process, so the parts which are not described in the embodiment are the prior art, and the operation is carried out according to the process and parameters of the prior art.
Wherein the limestone core-spun yarn has the following principle: the steel ladle is fed into a limestone core-spun yarn, the main component calcium carbonate in the limestone is heated and decomposed in molten steel to generate calcium oxide and carbon dioxide, and the reaction formula is as follows:
CaCO3＝(CaO)+CO2↑
the newly generated calcium oxide contributes to further desulfurization and can contribute to desulfurization, and the reaction formula is as follows:
[FeS]+(CaO)＝(CaS)+[FeO]
CaO formed, at high temperature, with Al in the molten steel2O3And (3) combining and aggregating the inclusions, wherein the reaction formula is as follows:
(CaO)+(Al2O3)＝Ca(AlO2)2
the original inclusion in the molten steel and the newly combined inclusion collide and aggregate with CO generated by the reaction2The bubbles float to the liquid level of the molten steel together, thereby playing the roles of adsorbing impurities and floating up to purify the molten steel. Prevent the flocculation flow of the continuous casting nozzle and contribute to producing economic clean steel with low cost.
The limestone core-spun yarn can be in the following specific specifications: wire diameter: 10mm +0.5 mm; thickness of iron sheet: 1.5mm +/-0.2 mm; powder weight: 80g/m +/-5%; iron sheet weight: 360g/m +/-5%.
The limestone core-spun yarn has the following physical and chemical indexes:
the calcium treatment cost is 8.7 yuan/ton, the cost of the limestone core-spun yarn is reduced by 70 percent compared with the limestone core-spun yarn, and the limestone core-spun yarn is calculated according to 500 ten thousand tons of steel produced per year: the annual cost is saved by 500 multiplied by 8.7 multiplied by 70 percent and 3045 ten thousand yuan.
Example 2
(1) Molten iron: reducing the sulfur content of the molten iron to be below 0.02 percent by means of pretreatment of the molten iron and the like;
(2) oxygen top-bottom combined blown converter: the converter end point molten steel [ O ] is controlled by adopting a sublance technology and a bottom argon blowing technology]Less than 550ppm, slag stopping and tapping, the amount of slag per ton is controlled to be 3-4 Kg in the slag stopping process, and the end point molten steel [ O ] of the converter]Less than 550ppm, less added aluminium and less Al2O3The total amount of deoxidation inclusions.
(3) LF refining: adjusting refining incoming molten steel [ Al ]]0.04-0.06% of molten steel temperature is more than or equal to 1550 ℃; lime is added according to 9 Kg/ton, the slag composition is controlled to be CaO 57-60 percent, and Al2O335～40％；SiO22-3.5%; 5-7% of MgO and CaO/SiO as alkalinity2A value of 22 to 25; refining to produce white slag; adjusting the aluminum component of the molten steel, and matching aluminum for 2 times; the silicon content of the molten steel is 0.025-0.035%; the mass percentage of the components of the molten steel discharged from the refining station is controlled as follows: c: 0.038-0.045%, Si: 0.025-0.035%, Mn: 0.08-0.20%, P is less than or equal to 0.015%, S is less than or equal to 0.003%, Alt: 0.015 to 0.040%, the balance being iron and trace inevitable impurities. The acid-soluble aluminum content of the incoming molten steel is adjusted to embody strong deoxidation and nitrogen fixation capacity, the aluminum matching times in the LF refining process can be reduced, and the refining desulfurization efficiency is improved; the temperature of the incoming molten steel is controlled so as to achieve the purposes of facilitating the refining and white slag making and stabilizing the production rhythm.
(4) Argon soft blowing and calming at the bottom of the steel ladle: the steel ladle adopts double air bricks, the blowing strength is based on non-exposed molten steel, and the soft blowing and calming time is 28 minutes; and the bottom blowing can not be greatly stirred and cooled after the refining is out of the station. So that the aluminum oxide inclusions float up sufficiently and the molten steel is purified.
(5) Continuous casting: and an integral submerged nozzle is adopted, and the ladle slag is automatically detected. Argon purging is performed on a tundish, a double-layer covering agent (alkaline at the lower part and acidic at the upper part) is used, the ladle long nozzle is used for protecting and pouring, an integral submerged nozzle (zirconia lining) is used, a high-purity magnesium stopper rod, automatic control of the liquid level of a crystallizer, electromagnetic braking and ladle slag tapping detection are performed; pouring molten steel through argon protection, controlling the difference between acid-soluble aluminum and total aluminum to be less than or equal to 0.002%, and controlling the pulling speed to be 3-6 m/min;
(6) and (5) rolling steel.
Examples 1, 2 were prepared for low carbon (silicon controlled) aluminum killed steel (H01301). The method of the invention is also suitable for preparing low-carbon (silicon-containing) aluminum killed steel, and the following is low-carbon (silicon-controlled) aluminum killed steel (H06201).
Comparative example 3: the technical route for the existing calcium treatment process is as follows: molten iron → oxygen top and bottom combined blown converter → LF refining → ladle bottom argon soft blowing → calcium treatment → ladle bottom argon soft blowing → continuous casting → steel rolling.
(1) Molten iron: reducing the sulfur content of the molten iron to be below 0.02 percent by means of pretreatment of the molten iron and the like;
(2) smelting in a converter: the molten iron is primarily smelted in a converter, and the converter is blown by oxygen top and bottom. Wherein, the sublance technology and the bottom argon blowing technology are adopted to control the molten steel [ O ] at the end point of the converter to be less than 700ppm and the slag-stopping tapping is carried out.
(3) LF refining: after tapping, carrying out ladle refining, adding an aluminum deoxidizer, an alloy and quicklime to adjust the components of molten steel, and then blowing argon in an argon station for deoxidation refining; and (5) after the deoxidation is finished, adjusting the argon to be in a soft blowing state, wherein the argon flow is 30m3/h, and the soft blowing time is 8 min. The molten steel comprises the following components in percentage by mass: c: 0.038-0.045%, Si: 0.15 to 0.25%, Mn: 0.50-0.60%, P is less than or equal to 0.018%, S is less than or equal to 0.003%, Alt: 0.008-0.020%, and the balance of iron and a trace amount of inevitable impurities.
(4) Calcium treatment: the flow rate of bottom-blown argon is adjusted to 30m3And h, feeding a seamless metal calcium wire into a furnace at a speed of 2-2.5 m/s by using a wire feeder to reach the content of Ca in molten steel: 0.0010-0.0040%;
(5) argon soft blowing and calming at the bottom of the steel ladle: adjusting argon to soft blowing state after calcium treatment, wherein the soft blowing time is 8min, and the argon flow is 30m3/h。
(6) Continuous casting: controlling steel flow by adopting an aluminum-carbon integral stopper, protecting and casting from a ladle to a tundish by adopting a long nozzle, and pulling at a speed of 3-6 m/min by adopting an aluminum-carbon external submerged nozzle.
(7) And (5) rolling steel.
Example 3
(1) Molten iron: reducing the sulfur content of the molten iron to be below 0.02 percent by means of pretreatment of the molten iron and the like;
(2) oxygen top-bottom combined blown converter: the converter end point molten steel [ O ] is controlled by adopting a sublance technology and a bottom argon blowing technology]Less than 600ppm, slag stopping and tapping; controlling converter end point molten steel [ O ]]Less than 600ppm, less addition of deoxidized aluminum and less Al2O3The total amount of deoxidation inclusions. The converter end point and the tapping operation are important links for controlling nitrogen in the invention.
(3) LF refining: refining incoming molten steel [ Al ]]0.020-0.030% of molten steel temperature is more than or equal to 1550 ℃; adding lime according to 6-7 Kg/ton, and controlling the slag composition to be 55-60% of CaO; al (Al)2O325～30％；SiO27-8%; 5-7% of MgO and CaO/SiO as alkalinity2The numerical value is 7-8; refining to produce white slag; adjusting the aluminum content of the molten steel, and strictly controlling the aluminum blending frequency to be less than 3 times, specifically twice in the embodiment; the molten steel comprises the following components in percentage by mass: c: 0.038-0.045%, Si: 0.15 to 0.25%, Mn: 0.50-0.60%, P is less than or equal to 0.015%, S is less than or equal to 0.003%, Alt: 0.008-0.020%, and the balance of iron and a trace amount of inevitable impurities.
(4) Argon soft blowing and calming at the bottom of the steel ladle: the steel ladle adopts double air bricks, the blowing strength is based on non-exposed molten steel, and the soft blowing and calming time is 22 minutes; and the bottom blowing can not be greatly stirred and cooled after the refining is out of the station. So that the aluminum oxide inclusions float up sufficiently and the molten steel is purified.
(5) Continuous casting: and an integral submerged nozzle is adopted, and the ladle slag is automatically detected. Argon purging is performed on a tundish, a double-layer covering agent (alkaline at the lower part and acidic at the upper part) is used, the ladle long nozzle is used for protecting and pouring, an integral submerged nozzle (zirconia lining) is used, a high-purity magnesium stopper rod, automatic control of the liquid level of a crystallizer, electromagnetic braking and ladle slag tapping detection are performed; and continuously casting molten steel under the protection of argon, controlling the difference between acid-soluble aluminum and total aluminum to be less than or equal to 0.002%, and controlling the pulling speed to be 3-6 m/min.
(6) And (5) rolling steel.
Example 4
(1) Molten iron: reducing the sulfur content of the molten iron to be below 0.02 percent by means of pretreatment of the molten iron and the like;
(2) oxygen top-bottom combined blown converter: the converter end point molten steel [ O ] is controlled by adopting a sublance technology and a bottom argon blowing technology]Less than 600ppm, slag-stopping tapping and pre-deoxidation, wherein the total content of FeO and MnO entering a steel ladle is 5-7 wt% of the molten steel entering the steel ladle by slag stopping, an aluminum-iron-magnesium composite deoxidizer is added into the molten steel for pre-deoxidation, and the molten steel in the steel ladle is subjected to aluminum feeding once after tapping, so that the molten steel [ O ] in an argon station]Less than 200ppm, reduces the addition of refining deoxidized aluminum and Al2O3The total amount of deoxidation inclusions.
(3) LF refining: refining incoming molten steel [ Al ]]0.035-0.050% and the molten steel temperature is 1550-1650 ℃; adding lime according to 6-7 Kg/ton, and controlling the slag composition to be 54-58% of CaO; al (Al)2O326～28％；SiO27-8%; 5-6% of MgO and CaO/SiO as alkalinity2The numerical value is 6-8; refining to produce white slag; adjusting the aluminum component of the molten steel, feeding aluminum for 3 times, and feeding aluminum-iron-rare earth core-spun yarn; the silicon content of the molten steel is 0.15-0.25%; the mass percentage of the components of the molten steel discharged from the refining station is controlled as follows: c: 0.038-0.045%, Si: 0.15 to 0.25%, Mn: 0.50-0.60%, P is less than or equal to 0.015%, S is less than or equal to 0.003%, Alt: 0.008-0.020%, and the balance of iron and a trace amount of inevitable impurities. The pre-deoxidation design is carried out in the embodiment, the aluminum content of the incoming molten steel is higher than that of the incoming molten steel in the embodiment 1, and the slag alkalinity is correspondingly adjusted in the refining process.
(4) Argon soft blowing and calming at the bottom of the steel ladle: the steel ladle adopts double air bricks, the blowing strength is based on non-exposed molten steel, and the soft blowing and calming time is 20 minutes; and the bottom blowing can not be greatly stirred and cooled after the refining is out of the station. So that the aluminum oxide inclusions float up sufficiently and the molten steel is purified.
(5) Continuous casting: and an integral submerged nozzle is adopted, and the ladle slag is automatically detected. Argon purging is performed on a tundish, a double-layer covering agent (alkaline at the lower part and acidic at the upper part) is used, the ladle long nozzle is used for protecting and pouring, an integral submerged nozzle (zirconia lining) is used, a high-purity magnesium stopper rod, automatic control of the liquid level of a crystallizer, electromagnetic braking and ladle slag tapping detection are performed; and continuously casting molten steel under the protection of argon, controlling the difference between acid-soluble aluminum and total aluminum to be less than or equal to 0.002%, and controlling the pulling speed to be 3-6 m/min.
(6) And (5) rolling steel.
Example 5
(1) Molten iron: reducing the sulfur content of the molten iron to be below 0.02 percent by means of pretreatment of the molten iron and the like;
(2) oxygen top-bottom combined blown converter: and controlling the end point molten steel [ O ] of the converter to be less than 550ppm, slag-stopping and tapping, controlling the amount of slag per ton to be 3-4 Kg and the end point molten steel [ O ] of the converter to be less than 550ppm in the slag-stopping process, reducing the addition of deoxidized aluminum and reducing the total amount of deoxidized inclusions of Al2O3 by adopting a sublance technology and a bottom argon blowing technology.
(3) LF refining: adjusting 0.02-0.04% of refining incoming molten steel [ Al ], wherein the temperature of the molten steel is more than or equal to 1550 ℃; adding lime according to 6-7 Kg/ton, and controlling the slag to contain 54-56% of CaO and 325-30% of Al 2O; SiO 26-7%; 5-7% of MgO and 8-9% of CaO/SiO2 in alkalinity; refining to produce white slag; adjusting the aluminum component of the molten steel, matching aluminum for 2 times, and feeding a limestone core-spun yarn of 400 meters (the specification is the same as that of the example 1); the silicon content of the molten steel is 0.15-0.25%; the mass percentage of the components of the molten steel discharged from the refining station is controlled as follows: c: 0.038-0.045%, Si: 0.15 to 0.25%, Mn: 0.50-0.60%, P is less than or equal to 0.015%, S is less than or equal to 0.003%, Alt: 0.008-0.020%, and the balance of iron and a trace amount of inevitable impurities. The acid-soluble aluminum content of the incoming molten steel is adjusted to embody strong deoxidation and nitrogen fixation capacity, the aluminum matching times in the LF refining process can be reduced, and the refining desulfurization efficiency is improved; the temperature of the incoming molten steel is controlled so as to achieve the purposes of facilitating the refining and white slag making and stabilizing the production rhythm.
(4) Argon soft blowing and calming at the bottom of the steel ladle: the steel ladle adopts double air bricks, the blowing strength is based on non-exposed molten steel, and the soft blowing and calming time is 30 minutes; and the bottom blowing can not be greatly stirred and cooled after the refining is out of the station. So that the aluminum oxide inclusions float up sufficiently and the molten steel is purified.
(5) Continuous casting: and an integral submerged nozzle is adopted, and the ladle slag is automatically detected. Argon purging is performed on a tundish, a double-layer covering agent (alkaline at the lower part and acidic at the upper part) is used, the ladle long nozzle is used for protecting and pouring, an integral submerged nozzle (zirconia lining) is used, a high-purity magnesium stopper rod, automatic control of the liquid level of a crystallizer, electromagnetic braking and ladle slag tapping detection are performed; pouring molten steel through argon protection, controlling the difference between acid-soluble aluminum and total aluminum to be less than or equal to 0.002%, and controlling the pulling speed to be 3-6 m/min;
(6) and (5) rolling steel.
The invention achieves the production target of clean steel by optimizing the process flow, and the phenomena of flocculation and water gap blockage do not occur in the molten steel casting process, and the rod position is stable. Comparative example and specific example comparison results are as follows:
1. comparison of occurrence of floc flow
Whether the molten steel is flocculated or not and whether key inclusions can really float upwards or not. Comparative example 1 is the calcium treatment of molten steel of the prior art, the original technical purpose of calcium treatment is as follows: controlling proper calcium-aluminum ratio to generate low-melting-point liquid 12 CaO.7 Al2O3、3CaO·Al2O3Aluminate promotes the floating of the inclusion. However, in practice, since calcium is very active and is easily oxidized, if the calcium content is improperly controlled, too much or too little, solid calcium oxide or solid calcium aluminate can be generated, which cannot achieve the purpose of generating low-melting-point calcium aluminate; leading to insufficient floating inclusion, not only wasting the cost of calcium treatment, but also being unable to avoid the occurrence of flocculation flow.
The technology of the invention comprises ① controlling the oxygen content at the end point of the converter, the aluminum composition and temperature of refining station, the slag composition and alkalinity, ② controlling bottom blowing and stirring, ③ controlling the aluminum distribution times, ④ increasing the bottom blowing air permeability by improving the air brick, and replacing the expensive solid core calcium core-spun yarn with the economical and cheap limestone core-spun yarn, so as to realize effective floating of the inclusion, and overcome the technical bias that the floating of the inclusion in the prior art must depend on calcium treatment.
Incidence of each group of floc flow: comparative example 1 was 0.96%; comparative example 2 serious flocculation flow, nozzle blockage, process failure; comparative example 3 was 1.05%; example 1 was 0.07%; example 2 was 0.08%; example 3 was 0.08%; example 4 was 0.09%; example 5 was 0.07%.
The results show that the difference in floc flow incidence between the inventive process and the prior art calcium treated comparative example 1 is not statistically significant (P >0.05), and that the floc flow incidence of examples 1 and 5 (limestone cored wire feed) of the inventive process is significantly lower than that of the prior art calcium treated comparative examples 1-3, purely from the data. Comparing the technical process with the comparative example, it can be seen that the technical effectiveness of the technical process of the present invention lies in the combination of the improvement of each link in the process steps and the invention innovation of the economical and cheap limestone cored wire, rather than the mere calcium removal treatment step.
2. The final product steel composition ratios are as follows: comparative example 2 the preparation process failed and the preparation could not be carried out due to severe flocculation and nozzle clogging, and thus the data of the final product was lost.
Low carbon (silicon controlled) aluminum killed steel (H01301)
| Element% | C | Si | Mn | P | S | Alt | Ca |
| Comparative example 1 | 0.038420 | 0.031520 | 0.108960 | 0.013360 | 0.000420 | 0.031240 | 0.002140 |
| Example 2 | 0.038820 | 0.032850 | 0.092220 | 0.011880 | 0.001810 | 0.030890 | — |
| Example 3 | 0.038280 | 0.033870 | 0.095400 | 0.009540 | 0.000880 | 0.030070 | — |
Low carbon (silicon containing) aluminum killed steel (H06201)
The comparison of the above compositions shows that the low carbon (silicon-controlled) aluminum killed steels of examples 1 and 2 and the low carbon (silicon-containing) aluminum killed steels of examples 3 to 5, which adopt the non-calcium treatment process, have stable compositions.
3. And comparing the physical and chemical properties of the final product materials: comparative example 2 the preparation process failed and the preparation could not be carried out due to severe flocculation and nozzle clogging, and thus the data of the final product was lost.
Low carbon (silicon controlled) aluminum killed steel (H01301)
| Comparison of examples | Specification mm | Yield strength MPA | Tensile Strength MPA | Elongation percentage% | r value |
| Test standard | ≤330 | 270-420 | ≥32.0 | ||
| Comparative example 1 | 2.00×1500 | 295 | 375 | 39.5 | 0.79 |
| Example 2 | 2.00×1500 | 291 | 371 | 42.1 | 0.78 |
| Example 3 | 2.00×1500 | 298 | 371 | 41.0 | 0.80 |
Low carbon (silicon containing) aluminum killed steel (H06201)
The mechanical properties of the calcium-treated steels in comparative examples 1 and 3 and the non-calcium-treated steels in examples 1 to 5 all meet the steel type test standard, and the elongation of the non-calcium-treated steels obtained in examples 1 to 5 is higher than that of the process-treated steel in comparative example 1, and the r value is lower than that of the non-calcium-treated steel in comparative example 1. The elongation and the r value (the ratio of yield strength to tensile strength) reflect the formability of steel, and theoretically, the smaller the r value, the better the plastic deformation and the better the forming performance. The technical scheme of the invention is that the hot coil plate manufactured by adopting the non-calcium treatment process has better processing and forming performance than the calcium treatment process steel. The reason is that the high-melting-point calcium aluminate inclusion in the molten steel in the treatment process influences the formability of the steel plate and is easy to generate cold bending cracking.
4. The electron microscope scanning result of the inclusions sampled by the hot rolled plate is as follows:
(1) comparison of composition of inclusions
The composition comparison of the inclusions on the table shows that the inclusions under the non-calcium treatment process are mainly alumina inclusions, the inclusion components of the product of the calcium treatment process are complex and mainly are high-melting-point calcium aluminate, and the inclusions are easy to gather in a large area, so that the flocculation flow of a continuous casting machine is caused, the production is influenced, and the production cost is increased.
(2) Scanning electron microscope pictures:
FIGS. 1 to 4 are respectively: the scanning electron microscope pictures of the inclusions in the comparative examples 3, 1, 3 and 4 and the scanning electron microscope pictures of the examples 3, 3 and 4 show that the inclusions in the examples 1, 3 and 4 are similar to the inclusions in the comparative example 3 in size, the comparative example 3 is mainly nearly spherical in shape, the examples 1, 3 and 4 are irregular, and the high-melting-point calcium aluminate in the inclusions after the calcium treatment process is easy to aggregate into large-size inclusions to influence the quality of a casting blank and finally influence the quality of steel, so that the qualification rate of the steel is reduced.
5. Comparison of erosion of stopper rod
Fig. 5 is a rod plug erosion pattern of comparative example 3. It can be seen that the calcium treatment of the molten steel, the calcium and the Al in the stopper rod refractory2O3And aluminate with low melting point is generated, so that the head of the stopper rod is obviously eroded. This is because the following reaction [ Ca ] occurs in molten steel]+[O]＝CaO，12CaO+7Al2O3＝12CaO7Al2O3In molten steel [ Ca]And [ O ]]CaO is generated by reaction and then reacts with Al in the stopper rod refractory2O3Generating low melting point 12CaO7Al2O3So that the solid stopper rod is dissolved and eroded continuously. When the stopper is seriously corroded, molten steel is unstably poured, the liquid level of a crystallizer is unstable, and production and quality safety accidents such as flocculation, slag entrapment and the like, even steel leakage and the like are caused.
Fig. 6 is a rod plug erosion pattern of example 3. The erosion appearance of the non-calcium treated steel stopper rod is smooth, the head of the stopper rod is smooth, and the erosion degree is reduced relatively. Since no calcium is contained, low melting point aluminate cannot be generated, and thus the degree of erosion is low. Stable pouring, and avoids production and quality safety accidents such as flocculation, slag rolling, bleed-out and the like.
6. Cost comparison
Compared with the calcium treatment process of the comparative example in the prior art, the calcium treatment process adopting the technical scheme of the invention simplifies the steps, saves the calcium treatment cost, ensures that the castability, the components and the performance of the molten steel meet the standard requirements, and reduces the cost by 4.1 yuan/ton compared with the same grade of steel.
The limestone core-spun yarn with low cost is used for replacing the expensive calcium solid core-spun yarn, the production cost is reduced, the castability, the components and the performance of the molten steel meet the standard requirements, and the cost is reduced by 8.7 multiplied by 70 percent compared with the same grade steel grade, namely 6.09 yuan/ton.
It should be noted that while the invention has been described in detail with respect to specific embodiments thereof, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various obvious changes can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (4)
1. A production process of calcium-free treatment sedative clean steel is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) the sulfur content of the molten iron is reduced to below 0.02 percent by the pretreatment of the molten iron;
(2) oxygen top-bottom combined blown converter: controlling the end point molten steel [ O ] of the converter to be less than 600 ppm;
(3) LF refining: refining incoming molten steel [ Al ]]0.030-0.060% of molten steel, wherein the temperature of the molten steel is more than or equal to 1550 ℃; the controlled slag composition is: 55-60% of CaO; al (Al)2O335～40％；SiO22-4%; 5-7% of MgO and CaO/SiO as alkalinity2The value is 20-26; refining to produce white slag; adjusting the aluminum content of the molten steel, wherein the aluminum mixing frequency is less than or equal to 3 times; the molten steel comprises the following components in percentage by mass: c: 0.038-0.045%, Si: 0.025-0.035%, Mn: 0.08-0.20%, P is less than or equal to 0.015%, S is less than or equal to 0.003%, Alt: 0.015 to 0.040%, the balance being iron and trace inevitable impurities;
(4) argon soft blowing at the bottom of the steel ladle: the soft blowing sedation time is 20-30 minutes;
(5) continuous casting: the difference value between acid-soluble aluminum and total aluminum is controlled to be less than or equal to 0.002 percent, and the pulling speed is 3-6 m/min;
(6) and (5) rolling steel.
2. The production process of the calcium-free treatment sedative clean steel according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step (4), the ladle adopts double air bricks, the blowing strength is based on the fact that molten steel is not exposed, and the bottom blowing is not greatly stirred and cooled after the refining is finished and the ladle is taken out of the station.
3. The production process of the calcium-free treatment sedative clean steel according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step (5), the continuous casting adopts tundish casting argon purging, double-layer covering agent, ladle long nozzle protection casting, integral submerged nozzle, and continuous casting molten steel is cast under the protection of argon.
4. The production process of the calcium-free treatment sedative clean steel according to claim 3, which is characterized in that: the double-layer covering agent is alkaline at the lower part and acidic at the upper part.
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| CN201810094830.3A CN108330389B (en) | 2018-01-31 | 2018-01-31 | Production process of calcium-treatment-free calm clean steel |
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| CN111485065A (en) * | 2019-01-28 | 2020-08-04 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | Smelting and casting method of sulfur-containing aluminum-containing gear steel |
| CN111471829A (en) * | 2020-04-09 | 2020-07-31 | 肖卫学 | Preparation method of high-calcium aluminum alloy and high-calcium aluminum alloy |
| CN112322837B (en) * | 2020-11-05 | 2022-02-01 | 马鞍山钢铁股份有限公司 | Smelting process for efficient slagging and desulfurization of LF (ladle furnace) aluminum killed steel |
| CN112575143A (en) * | 2020-12-02 | 2021-03-30 | 攀钢集团攀枝花钢铁研究院有限公司 | Steel cleanliness control method for plastic die steel |
| CN113088624A (en) * | 2021-02-26 | 2021-07-09 | 武汉钢铁有限公司 | Preparation method of low-inclusion aluminum killed steel |
| CN113249647B (en) * | 2021-04-15 | 2022-03-22 | 首钢集团有限公司 | Preparation method of weather-resistant steel for improving castability |
| CN113604723B (en) * | 2021-07-13 | 2022-07-01 | 日照钢铁控股集团有限公司 | Rolled steel and control method for inclusions in rolled steel |
| CN114472825B (en) * | 2022-02-14 | 2024-03-08 | 日照市质量检验检测研究院 | Continuous casting method of non-calcium-treated low-carbon aluminum-killed phosphorus-containing steel |
| CN114749646B (en) * | 2022-04-06 | 2023-06-02 | 邯郸钢铁集团有限责任公司 | Composite steel ladle free of calcium treatment process |
| CN114959416A (en) * | 2022-05-24 | 2022-08-30 | 阳春新钢铁有限责任公司 | Method for controlling low-carbon wire drawing material to scar |
| CN114669722B (en) * | 2022-05-27 | 2022-08-26 | 东北大学 | Slag avoiding method for improving purity of casting blank |
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