CN108322080B - Five-level topological unit and five-level alternating-current-direct-current converter - Google Patents
Five-level topological unit and five-level alternating-current-direct-current converter Download PDFInfo
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- CN108322080B CN108322080B CN201810415062.7A CN201810415062A CN108322080B CN 108322080 B CN108322080 B CN 108322080B CN 201810415062 A CN201810415062 A CN 201810415062A CN 108322080 B CN108322080 B CN 108322080B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/66—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/66—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal
- H02M7/68—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/72—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/79—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M7/797—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
Abstract
The invention relates to a five-level topological unit. The five-level topological unit comprises a first switching device, a second switching device, a third switching device, a fourth switching device, a fifth switching device, a sixth switching device, a seventh switching device, an eighth switching device, a ninth switching device and a tenth switching device; an eleventh diode, a twelfth diode; the first capacitor, the second capacitor, the third capacitor and the fourth capacitor; the five-level topological unit works in five working modes under the action of each switching device so as to meet the alternating voltage of an alternating-current end. The invention also relates to a five-level AC-DC converter. According to the five-level topological unit and the five-level alternating current-direct current converter, the maximum amplitude of alternating current at the alternating current end is higher when the direct current voltage is fixed. Therefore, the cost and loss of the grid-connected transformer and the alternating current cable at the alternating current side can be reduced, so that the cost of the whole system is reduced; the system has high reliability and high efficiency; the packaging structure of the switch device has high universality and small volume.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of power electronics, in particular to a five-level topological unit and a five-level alternating current-direct current converter.
Background
A bi-directional ac-dc converter is a converter that converts dc electrical energy to ac electrical energy or ac electrical energy to dc electrical energy. With the continuous development and progress of society, the demand of human beings for energy is increasing, and new energy such as photovoltaic, energy storage and the like has an increasing proportion of energy. As a core, photovoltaic dc converters and energy storage converters are also in increasing competition in recent market. To meet the market demand, more and more multilevel ac-dc converters, such as five-level ac-dc converters, are being pushed into the market.
However, at present, almost all five-level ac/dc converters need to adopt complicated voltage equalizing measures, and the reliability is poor due to the fact that the topology packaging structure is not universal, so that the cost of the five-level ac/dc converters is high.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of these problems of the five-level ac-dc converter, it is necessary to provide a five-level topology unit and a five-level ac-dc converter.
A five-level topology unit comprising:
a first switching device, a second switching device, a third switching device, a fourth switching device, a fifth switching device, a sixth switching device, a seventh switching device, an eighth switching device, a ninth switching device, a tenth switching device;
An eleventh diode, a twelfth diode;
the first capacitor, the second capacitor, the third capacitor and the fourth capacitor;
the first capacitor is connected with the second capacitor, and a circuit midpoint between the first capacitor and the second capacitor is used as a first connecting end; the electrode of the first capacitor, which is not connected with the first connecting end, is connected with the direct current positive end of the direct current power supply, and the electrode of the second capacitor, which is not connected with the first connecting end, is connected with the direct current negative end of the direct current power supply;
the second switching device, the third switching device, the fourth switching device and the fifth switching device are sequentially connected, the second switching device is connected with the direct current positive end, and the fifth switching device is connected with the direct current negative end;
the first switching device, the seventh switching device, the tenth switching device, the ninth switching device, the eighth switching device and the sixth switching device are sequentially connected, the first switching device is connected with the direct current positive terminal, and the sixth switching device is connected with the direct current negative terminal; a common connection terminal of the ninth switching device and the tenth switching device is used as an alternating current terminal;
The common connection end between the first switching device and the seventh switching device is connected with the common connection end of the second switching device and the third switching device through the third capacitor; the common connection end of the sixth switching device and the eighth switching device is connected with the common connection end of the fourth switching device and the fifth switching device through the fourth capacitor;
an anode of the eleventh diode is connected with the first connecting end, and a cathode of the eleventh diode is connected with a common connecting end of the seventh switching device and the tenth switching device; the cathode of the twelfth diode is connected with the first connecting end, and the anode of the twelfth diode is connected with the common connecting end of the eighth switching device and the ninth switching device;
the five-level topological unit works in five working modes under the action of each switching device, namely a first working mode, a second working mode, a third working mode, a fourth working mode and a fifth working mode; in one working period of the five-level topological unit, the five-level topological unit sequentially works in the first working mode, the second working mode, the third working mode, the second working mode, the first working mode, the fourth working mode, the fifth working mode, the fourth working mode and the first working mode, so that direct current of the direct current end is converted into alternating current of the alternating current end or alternating current of the alternating current end is converted into direct current of the direct current end; when the five-level topological unit works in the first working mode, the voltage of the alternating-current end is zero; when the five-level topological unit works in a second working mode, the voltage of the alternating-current end of the five-level topological unit is equal to the voltage of the direct-current positive end; when the five-level topological unit works in the third working mode, the voltage of the alternating current end is twice the voltage of the direct current positive end; when the five-level topological unit works in the fourth working mode, the voltage of the alternating-current end is equal to the direct-current negative end; when the five-level topological unit works in the fifth working mode, the voltage of the alternating-current end is twice the voltage of the direct-current negative end.
In one embodiment, the first switching device, the third switching device, the fourth switching device, the sixth switching device, the ninth switching device and the tenth switching device are turned on, and the other switching devices are turned off, so that the five-level topological unit works in a first working mode;
the first switching device, the third switching device, the fourth switching device, the sixth switching device, the seventh switching device and the tenth switching device are turned on, and the other switching devices are turned off, so that the five-level topological unit works in a second working mode;
the second switching device, the fourth switching device, the sixth switching device, the seventh switching device and the tenth switching device are turned on, and the other switching devices are turned off, so that the five-level topological unit works in a third working mode;
the first switching device, the third switching device, the fourth switching device, the sixth switching device, the eighth switching device and the ninth switching device are turned on, and the other switching devices are turned off, so that the five-level topological unit works in a fourth working mode;
the first switching device, the third switching device, the fifth switching device, the eighth switching device and the ninth switching device are turned on, and the other switching devices are turned off, so that the five-level topological unit works in a fifth working mode.
In one embodiment, the five-level topology unit further includes a first inductor; and the common connecting end of the third switching device and the fourth switching device is connected with the first connecting end through a first inductor.
In one embodiment, the five-level topology unit further comprises a thirteenth diode and a fourteenth diode, wherein an anode of the thirteenth diode is connected with the first connection terminal, and a cathode of the thirteenth diode is connected with a common connection terminal of the second switching device and the third switching device; the cathode of the fourteenth diode is connected with the first connecting end, and the anode of the fourteenth diode is connected with the common connecting end of the fourth switching device and the fifth switching device.
A five-level AC/DC converter includes:
the five-level topology unit of any of the above embodiments;
and the control unit is used for controlling the on state or the off state of each switching device in the five-level topological unit so as to enable the five-level alternating-current/direct-current converter to work in a corresponding mode.
In one embodiment, the control unit is respectively connected with each switching device, and the control unit respectively provides driving signals for each switching device; each of the switching devices is turned on or off by a corresponding driving signal.
In one embodiment, the control signal of the control unit includes a first voltage signal, a second voltage signal, and a third voltage signal; the control unit uses a comparison result of the voltage values of the first voltage signal and the second voltage signal at the same time as driving signals of the first switching device, the second switching device, the third switching device, the fourth switching device, the fifth switching device and the sixth switching device;
the control unit uses a comparison result of the voltage values of the first voltage signal and the third voltage signal at the same time as driving signals of the seventh switching device, the eighth switching device, the ninth switching device and the tenth switching device.
In one embodiment, the five-level ac-dc converter further includes:
and one end of the alternating current side filtering unit is connected with the alternating current end of the five-level topological unit, and the alternating current side filtering unit is used for improving the waveform of alternating current of the alternating current end.
In one embodiment, the number of the five-level topological units is two, namely a first five-level topological unit and a second five-level topological unit; the direct current positive ends of the two five-level topological units are connected together, the direct current negative ends of the two five-level topological units are connected together, and the first connecting ends of the two five-level topological units are connected together; the phase difference between the alternating current of the alternating current side of the first five-level topological unit and the alternating current of the alternating current side of the second five-level topological unit is 180 degrees.
In one embodiment, the number of the five-level topological units is three, and the five-level topological units are a third five-level topological unit, a fourth five-level topological unit and a fifth five-level topological unit respectively; the direct current positive ends of the three five-level topological units are connected together, the direct current negative ends of the three five-level topological units are connected together, and the first connecting ends of the three five-level topological units are connected together; the phases of alternating currents output by the third five-level topological unit, the fourth five-level topological unit and the fifth five-level topological unit are sequentially different by 120 degrees.
The five-level topological unit and the five-level AC/DC converter convert the direct current of a DC power supply into alternating current output or convert the alternating current of an alternating current side into direct current of a direct current side to output. In one working period of the five-level topological unit, the five-level topological unit sequentially works in the first working mode, the second working mode, the third working mode, the second working mode, the first working mode, the fourth working mode, the fifth working mode, the fourth working mode and the first working mode. When working in the first working mode, the voltage of the alternating-current end is zero. When the device works in the second working mode, the voltage of the alternating-current end is equal to the voltage of the direct-current positive end. When operating in the third mode of operation, the voltage at the ac terminal is twice the voltage at the dc positive terminal. When working in the fourth working mode, the voltage of the alternating-current end is equal to the direct-current negative end. When operating in the fifth mode, the ac terminal voltage is twice the dc negative terminal voltage. Therefore, at a certain time of the dc voltage of the dc power supply, the maximum amplitude of the ac power at the ac end is twice the dc voltage. That is, at a certain time of the dc voltage of the dc power supply, the amplitude of the ac power at the ac end is higher, and the effective voltage value of the ac power is higher. Therefore, when the load requires higher alternating voltage, the five-level topological unit can reduce the cost of the isolation transformer at the alternating side of the alternating-current/direct-current converter, thereby reducing the cost of the system. At the same time, the ac current is smaller at the same power level due to the higher ac side voltage, which results in lower losses and lower ac side line costs.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a five-level topology unit according to an embodiment;
FIG. 2 is an equivalent circuit diagram of the five-level topology unit shown in FIG. 1 operating in a first mode of operation;
FIG. 3 is an equivalent circuit diagram of the five-level topology unit shown in FIG. 1 operating in a second mode of operation;
FIG. 4 is an equivalent circuit diagram of the five-level topology unit shown in FIG. 1 operating in a third mode of operation;
FIG. 5 is an equivalent circuit diagram of the five-level topology unit shown in FIG. 1 operating in a fourth mode of operation;
FIG. 6 is an equivalent circuit diagram of the five-level topology unit shown in FIG. 1 operating in a fifth mode of operation;
FIG. 7 is a timing diagram of the operation of each switching device and the AC side when the five-level topology unit according to one embodiment is in operation;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a five-level topology unit according to another embodiment;
FIG. 9 is a timing diagram illustrating the operation of each voltage signal, each switching device, and the AC side of a five-level AC-DC converter according to an embodiment;
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a single-phase five-level AC/DC converter according to an embodiment;
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a three-phase three-wire five-level AC/DC converter according to an embodiment;
FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of a three-phase three-wire five-level AC/DC converter according to another embodiment;
Fig. 13 is a schematic diagram of a three-phase four-wire five-level ac/dc converter according to an embodiment.
Detailed Description
In order that the above objects, features and advantages of the invention will be readily understood, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings.
Fig. 1 is a circuit diagram of a five-level topology unit 200 according to an embodiment. The five-level topology unit 200 is applied to a five-level ac-dc converter, and the five-level topology unit 200 is used for converting the dc power of the dc power supply 100 into ac power for output.
The five-level topology unit 200 includes: the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth, ninth, tenth, eleventh, twelfth, and twelfth diodes Q1, Q3, Q4, Q5, Q6, Q7, Q8, Q9, Q10, D11, D12, a first, second, third, and fourth capacitance C1, C3, C4.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, all the switching devices are switching tubes, and any switching tube is connected in anti-parallel with one diode. In other embodiments, the switching device may be a switch other than a switching tube, for example, a photoelectric switch, so long as the switching device can be turned on and off.
The connection relation of each device in the five-level topology unit 200 is as follows: the first capacitor C1 is connected with the second capacitor C2, and a circuit midpoint between the first capacitor C1 and the second capacitor C2 is used as a first connecting end M1; the electrode of the first capacitor C1, which is not connected with the first connection end M1, is connected with the direct current positive end DC+ of the direct current power supply 100, and the electrode of the second capacitor C2, which is not connected with the first connection end M1, is connected with the direct current negative end DC-of the direct current power supply 100. That is, the electrode of the first capacitor C1 is not connected to the first connection terminal M1 and is connected to the positive bus of the dc power supply 100, the electrode of the second capacitor C2 is not connected to the electrode of the first connection terminal M1 and is connected to the negative bus of the dc power supply 100, the first connection terminal M1 is a bus midpoint M1, the voltage at the bus midpoint M1 is set to zero, and the voltage is set to zero. In this embodiment, when describing the voltage values of each point, the reference points are all bus midpoints M1.
The second switching device Q2, the third switching device Q3, the fourth switching device Q4 and the fifth switching device Q5 are sequentially connected, the second switching device Q2 is connected with the direct current positive end DC+, and the fifth switching device Q5 is connected with the direct current negative end DC-. The common connection terminal between the second switching device Q2 and the third switching device Q3 is the second connection terminal M2. In this way, the second, third, fourth and fifth switching devices Q2, Q3, Q4 and Q5 may be packaged using an I-type three-level structure to reduce packaging costs and increase reliability and versatility thereof.
The first switching device Q1, the seventh switching device Q7, the tenth switching device Q10, the ninth switching device Q9, the eighth switching device Q8 and the sixth switching device Q6 are sequentially connected, the first switching device Q1 is connected with a direct current positive terminal DC+, and the sixth switching device Q6 is connected with a direct current negative terminal DC-; the common connection terminal of the ninth switching device Q9 and the tenth switching device Q10 serves as an alternating current terminal AC. In this way, the seventh, tenth, ninth, and eighth switching devices Q7, Q10, Q9, and Q8 may be packaged using an I-type three-level structure to reduce packaging costs and increase reliability and versatility thereof.
The common connection terminal (defined as a third connection terminal M3) between the first switching device Q1 and the seventh switching device Q7 is connected to the common connection terminal (defined as a fifth connection terminal M5) of the second switching device Q2 and the third switching device Q3 through a third capacitor C3. I.e. the common connection of the first switching device Q1, the seventh switching device Q7 and the third capacitor C3 is the third connection M3. The common connection terminal of the second switching device Q2, the third switching device Q3 and the third capacitor C3 is a fifth connection terminal M5.
The common connection terminal (defined as a fourth connection terminal M4) of the sixth switching device Q6 and the eighth switching device Q8 is connected to the common connection terminal (defined as a sixth connection terminal M6) of the fourth switching device Q4 and the fifth switching device Q5 through a fourth capacitor C4. The common connection terminal of the sixth switching device Q6, the eighth switching device Q8 and the fourth capacitor C4 is a fourth connection terminal M4. The common connection terminal of the fourth switching device Q4, the fifth switching device Q5 and the fourth capacitor C4 is defined as a sixth connection terminal M6.
An anode of the eleventh diode D11 is connected to the first connection terminal M1, and a cathode of the eleventh diode D11 is connected to a common connection terminal of the seventh switching device Q7 and the tenth switching device Q10; the cathode of the twelfth diode D12 is connected to the first connection terminal M1, and the anode of the twelfth diode D12 is connected to the common connection terminal of the eighth switching device Q8 and the ninth switching device Q9.
Fig. 2 is an equivalent circuit diagram of the five-level topology unit 200 shown in fig. 1 when operating in the first operation mode H1; fig. 3 is an equivalent circuit diagram of the five-level topology unit 200 shown in fig. 1 when operating in the second operating mode H2; fig. 4 is an equivalent circuit diagram of the five-level topology unit 200 shown in fig. 1 when operating in the third operating mode H3; fig. 5 is an equivalent circuit diagram of the five-level topology unit 200 shown in fig. 1 when operated in the fourth operation mode H4; fig. 6 is an equivalent circuit diagram of the five-level topology unit 200 shown in fig. 1 when operating in the fifth operation mode H5. The five-level topology unit 200 operates in five operating modes including a first operating mode H1, a second operating mode H2, a third operating mode H3, a fourth operating mode H4, and a fifth operating mode H5.
The operating states of the switching devices in the first, second, third, fourth and fifth operating modes H1, H2, H3, H4 and H5 of the five-level topology unit 200 are as follows:
First operation mode H1: the first, third, fourth, sixth, ninth, and tenth switching devices Q1, Q3, Q4, Q6, Q9, Q10 are turned on, and the other switching devices are turned off. An equivalent circuit of the first operation mode H1 is shown in fig. 2. That is, in the present embodiment, the AC terminal AC is connected to the bus bar midpoint M1 through the ninth switching device Q9, the tenth switching device Q10, the ninth diode D9, the tenth diode D10, the eleventh diode D11, and the twelfth diode D12, and is in the freewheel mode. I.e. the voltage at the AC terminal AC is equal to the voltage at the midpoint M1 of the bus.
It should be noted that, although the eleventh diode D11 and the twelfth diode D12 are disposed between the AC terminal AC and the bus midpoint M1 in the first operation mode H1, the voltage of the AC terminal AC may be considered to be zero because the voltage drops of the eleventh diode D11 and the twelfth diode D12 are small and may be ignored.
Second mode of operation H2: the first, third, fourth, sixth, seventh, tenth and tenth switching devices Q1, Q3, Q4, Q6, Q7, Q10 are turned on, and the other switching devices are turned off. The equivalent circuit diagram of the second operation mode H2 is shown in fig. 3, and at this time, the direct current positive terminal dc+ supplies current to the alternating current terminal AC through the first diode D1, the seventh switching device Q7, and the tenth switching device Q10. Or the alternating current end AC supplies current to the direct current positive end DC+ through a seventh diode D7, a tenth diode D10 and a first switching device Q1; meanwhile, the direct current positive terminal DC+ charges the third capacitor C3 through the first diode D1, the third switching device Q3 and the first inductor L1 or the third capacitor C3 supplies current to the direct current side through the first inductor L1, the third diode D3 and the first switching device Q1. And in this mode of operation, the first capacitor C1 charges the third capacitor C3, so eventually the voltages across the first capacitor C1 and the third capacitor C3 are equal. Namely, in the second working mode H2, the first capacitor C1 and the third capacitor C3 are connected in parallel, and the voltage of the AC terminal AC is equal to the voltage across the first capacitor C1 and the third capacitor C3.
Third operating mode H3: the second, fourth, sixth, seventh, and tenth switching devices Q2, Q4, Q6, Q7, Q10 are turned on, and the other switching devices are turned off. An equivalent circuit diagram of the third operation mode H3 is shown in fig. 4. The potential of the third connection terminal M3 is raised to the sum of voltages at two ends of the first capacitor C1 and the third capacitor C3, and the voltage uses the midpoint M1 of the bus as a reference point. I.e. when operating in the third operating mode H3, the voltage of the AC side AC is twice the voltage of the DC positive side dc+. In this process, the direct current positive terminal dc+ supplies current to the alternating current terminal AC through the second switching device Q2, the third capacitor C3, the seventh switching device Q7, and the tenth switching device Q10. Or the AC terminal supplies current to the DC positive terminal dc+ through the seventh diode D7, the tenth diode D10, the third capacitor C3, and the second diode D2.
Fourth mode of operation H4: the first, third, fourth, sixth, eighth, and ninth switching devices Q1, Q3, Q4, Q6, Q8, Q9 are turned on, and the other switching devices are turned off. An equivalent circuit diagram of the fourth operating mode H4 is shown in fig. 5. In this process, the AC side AC supplies current to the DC side DC through the sixth diode D6 and the eighth and ninth switching tubes. Or a direct current negative terminal DC-supplies current to the alternating current terminal AC through an eighth diode D8, a ninth diode D9 and a sixth switching tube. While the DC negative terminal DC-charges the fourth capacitor C4 through the sixth diode D6, the fourth switching tube and the first inductor L1 or the fourth capacitor C4 supplies current to the DC side through the first inductor L1, the fourth diode D4 and the sixth switching tube. I.e. when operating in the fourth operating mode H4, the voltage at the AC terminal AC is equal to the DC negative terminal DC-.
Fifth mode of operation H5: the first, third, fifth, eighth, and ninth switching devices Q1, Q3, Q5, Q8, Q9 are turned on, and the other switching devices are turned off. An equivalent circuit of the fifth operation mode H5 is shown in fig. 6. In this process, the potential of the fourth connection terminal M4 is pulled down to the sum of the voltages across the second capacitor C2 and the fourth capacitor C4, taking the bus midpoint M1 as a reference point. I.e. when operating in the fifth operating mode H5, the voltage at the AC terminal AC is twice the DC-voltage at the DC negative terminal. Specifically, the polarity of the voltage at the AC terminal AC is the same as the voltage at the DC negative terminal DC-and the absolute value of the voltage is twice the absolute value of the DC negative terminal DC-voltage. The AC terminal AC supplies current to the DC negative terminal DC-through the eighth switching device Q8, the ninth switching device Q9, the fourth capacitor C4, and the fifth switching device Q5. Or the direct-current negative terminal DC-supplies current to the alternating-current terminal AC through the fifth diode D5, the fourth capacitor C4, the eighth diode D8 and the ninth diode D9.
In this embodiment, the reference point of all voltages is the bus midpoint M1.
Fig. 7 is a timing diagram of the operation of the switching devices and the AC terminals AC when the five-level topology unit 200 according to an embodiment is operated. In fig. 7, the abscissa of the timing charts of the first switching device Q1, the second switching device Q2, the third switching device Q3, the fourth switching device Q4, the fifth switching device Q5, the sixth switching device Q6, the seventh switching device Q7, the eighth switching device Q8, the ninth switching device Q9, the tenth switching device Q10, and the AC terminal AC are all the same time axis. The ordinate is the voltage value. In one working period of the five-level topological unit 200, the five-level topological unit 200 sequentially works in a first working mode H1, a second working mode H2, a third working mode H3, a second working mode H2, a first working mode H1, a fourth working mode H4, a fifth working mode H5, a fourth working mode H4 and the first working mode H1, so that the alternating-current end AC outputs five-level alternating-current voltage. For example, in the timing waveform diagram of the AC terminal AC, switching between 5 operation modes is respectively associated. As another example, in the operation timing chart of the first switching device Q1, a high level indicates that the first switching device Q1 is turned on, and a low level indicates that the first switching device Q1 is turned off. The timing diagrams of the other switching devices are similar. Thus, in fig. 7, in one operation mode, the operation states of the switching devices can be corresponded.
In the five-level topology unit 200, the AC power output from the AC terminal AC is sinusoidal. When operating in the first operating mode H1, the voltage at the AC terminal AC is zero. When working in the second working mode H2, the voltage of the alternating current end AC is equal to the voltage of the direct current positive end DC+. When operating in the third operating mode H3, the voltage of the AC terminal AC is twice the voltage of the DC positive terminal dc+. When operating in the fourth operating mode H4, the voltage at the AC terminal AC is equal to the DC negative terminal DC-. When operating in the fifth mode of operation H5, the AC terminal AC is at twice the DC negative terminal DC-voltage. Therefore, at a certain dc voltage of the dc power supply 100, the maximum amplitude of the alternating current terminal AC is twice the dc voltage. That is, at a certain dc voltage of the dc power supply 100, the AC power output from the AC terminal AC has a higher amplitude and a higher effective voltage value. Therefore, when the load requires a higher ac voltage, the five-level topology unit 200 can reduce the cost of the isolation transformer and the cable on the ac side of the ac-dc converter, thereby reducing the cost of the system, and at the same time, the ac current is smaller due to the higher voltage on the ac side, which results in lower loss.
In addition, the five-level topology unit 200 has a smaller current circulation path and lower switching tube stress. For example. The first switching device Q1 and the sixth switching device Q6 have no switching loss of the antiparallel diodes. The voltage stress of the second switching device Q2, the third switching device Q3, the fourth switching device Q4, the fifth switching device Q5, the seventh switching device Q7, the eighth switching device Q8, the ninth switching device Q9, the tenth switching device Q10 and the diodes connected in parallel is only half of the bus voltage. The total loss of the switching tubes of the five-level topology unit 200 is substantially identical to the total loss of the switching tubes of the corresponding three-level topology unit under a certain bus voltage and a certain output current. However, since the five-level topology 200 can satisfy twice as many output voltages as the three-level topology under the same bus voltage, the five-level topology 200 can reduce the ac side cost, for example, the ac step-up transformer and the cable cost. Because the total loss of the switching tube of the five-level topological unit 200 is half of the total loss of the traditional three-level switching tube under certain power, the five-level topological unit 200 can reduce the loss of devices, thereby prolonging the service life.
Referring to fig. 1, in the present embodiment, the five-level topology unit 200 further includes a first inductor L1. The second connection terminal M2 is connected to the first connection terminal M1 through the first inductor L1. The first inductor L1 is used for limiting the charging current of the third capacitor C3 and the fourth capacitor C4 to play a role of protection.
The position and the number of the first inductors L1 in the circuit are not limited to this, as long as the charge/discharge currents of the third capacitor C3 and the fourth capacitor C4 can be limited.
Fig. 8 is a circuit diagram of a five-level topology unit 300 according to another embodiment. As shown in fig. 8, in an embodiment, the five-level topology unit 300 further includes a thirteenth diode D13 and a fourteenth diode D14. An anode of the thirteenth diode D13 is connected to the first connection terminal M1, and a cathode of the thirteenth diode D13 is connected to a common connection terminal of the second switching device Q2 and the third switching device Q3. I.e. the cathode of the thirteenth diode D13 is connected to the fifth connection M5. The cathode of the fourteenth diode D14 is connected to the first connection terminal M1, and the anode of the fourteenth diode D14 is connected to the common connection terminal of the fourth switching device Q4 and the fifth switching device Q5. I.e. the anode of the fourteenth diode D14 is connected to the sixth connection M6. In this way, the second switching device Q2, the third switching device Q3, the fourth switching device Q4, and the fifth switching device Q5 in the five-level topology unit 300 may be packaged using the existing I-type three-level structure packaging module. This reduces the cost pressure associated with reworking the package, and reduces the cost of packaging the five-level topology unit 300, thereby reducing the cost of the system and improving its reliability and versatility.
A five-level AC-DC converter is used for converting DC power of a DC power supply 100 into AC power. The five-level converter comprises the five-level topology unit and the control unit of any of the embodiments. The control unit is used for controlling the on state or the off state of each switching device in the five-level topological unit so that the alternating current end AC outputs alternating current voltage. In this embodiment, all switching devices of the five-level topology unit are switching tubes.
The five-level ac/dc converter converts the dc power of the dc power supply 100 into ac power for output or converts ac power on the ac side into dc power for output. In one working period of the five-level topological unit, the five-level topological unit sequentially works in a first working mode H1, a second working mode H2, a third working mode H3, a second working mode H2, a first working mode H1, a fourth working mode H4, a fifth working mode H5, a fourth working mode H4 and a first working mode H1. I.e. the alternating current at the alternating current end AC of the five-level topology unit is a sine wave. When operating in the first operating mode H1, the voltage at the AC terminal AC is zero. When working in the second working mode H2, the voltage of the alternating current end AC is equal to the voltage of the direct current positive end DC+. When operating in the third operating mode H3, the voltage of the AC terminal AC is twice the voltage of the DC positive terminal dc+. When operating in the fourth operating mode H4, the voltage at the AC terminal AC is equal to the DC negative terminal DC-. When operating in the fifth mode of operation H5, the AC terminal AC is at twice the DC negative terminal DC-voltage. Therefore, at a certain dc voltage of the dc power supply 100, the amplitude of the alternating current of the alternating-current terminal AC is twice the dc voltage. That is, at a certain dc voltage of the dc power supply 100, the amplitude of the AC power at the AC terminal AC is higher, and the effective voltage value of the AC power is higher. Therefore, when the load requires higher alternating voltage, the five-level topological unit can reduce the cost of the step-up transformer and the cable at the alternating-current side of the converter, thereby reducing the cost of the converter.
In this embodiment, the control unit is connected to each switching device, and the control unit provides driving signals for each switching device. Each switching device is turned on or off by a corresponding driving signal. Therefore, the control unit controls the working time sequence of each switching device through the driving signal so that the five-level topological unit outputs alternating current according with the preset time sequence.
The control signal of the control unit comprises a first voltage signal, a second voltage signal and a third voltage signal; the control unit uses the comparison result of the voltage values of the first voltage signal and the second voltage signal at the same time as the driving signals of the first switch device, the second switch device, the third switch device, the fourth switch device, the fifth switch device and the sixth switch device.
The control unit uses the comparison result of the voltage values of the first voltage signal and the third voltage signal at the same time as the driving signals of the seventh switching device, the eighth switching device, the ninth switching device and the tenth switching device.
Fig. 9 is a timing diagram illustrating the operation of each voltage signal, each switching device, and the AC terminal AC in a five-level AC-dc converter according to an embodiment. As shown in fig. 9, in the present embodiment, the first voltage signal is a sine wave; the second voltage signal is a triangular wave; the third voltage signal is a triangular wave. For example, the first voltage signal is a modulated wave C. The second voltage signal is a first triangular wave, carrier a, and the third voltage signal is a second triangular wave, carrier B. Similar to fig. 7, in fig. 9, the abscissa of the carrier a, the carrier B, and the modulated wave C are all the same time axis, and the ordinate is the voltage value. At the same time, the voltage values of the carrier wave a and the modulation wave C determine the on or off state of the corresponding switching devices. Carrier a and carrier B may have the same frequency and amplitude, or may have different frequencies and amplitudes. The generation of the drive signals for the switching devices is described separately below.
The driving signal of the first switching tube Q1 is generated by comparing the modulated wave C with the carrier wave a. When the voltage value of the modulation wave C is smaller than that of the carrier wave A, the first switching tube Q1 is turned on, and is turned off otherwise.
The driving signal of the second switching transistor Q2 is generated by comparing the modulated wave C with the carrier wave a. When the voltage value of the modulation wave C is larger than that of the carrier wave A, the second switching tube Q2 is turned on, and is turned off otherwise.
The driving signal of the third switching tube Q3 is generated by comparing the modulated wave C with the carrier wave a. When the voltage value of the modulation wave C is smaller than that of the carrier wave A, the third switching tube Q3 is turned on, and is turned off otherwise;
the driving signal of the fourth switching tube Q4 is generated by comparing the inverted wave of the modulated wave C with the carrier wave a. The fourth switching tube Q4 is turned on when the reverse wave (i.e., voltage value, regardless of polarity) of the modulated wave C is smaller than the voltage value of the carrier wave a, and is turned off otherwise.
The driving signal of the fifth switching tube Q5 is generated by comparing the reverse wave of the modulated wave C with the carrier wave a. When the reverse wave of the modulated wave C is larger than the voltage value of the carrier wave A, the fifth switching tube Q5 is turned on, and is turned off otherwise.
The drive signal of the sixth switching tube Q6 is generated by comparing the inverted wave of the modulated wave C with the carrier wave a. The sixth switching tube Q6 is turned on when the reverse wave of the modulated wave C is smaller than the voltage value of the carrier wave a, and is turned off otherwise.
The drive signal of the seventh switching tube Q7 is generated by comparing the modulated wave C with the carrier wave B. When the voltage value of the modulation wave C is larger than that of the carrier wave B, the seventh switching tube Q7 is turned on, and is turned off otherwise.
The driving signal of the eighth switching tube Q8 is generated by comparing the inverted wave of the modulated wave C with the carrier wave B. The eighth switching tube Q8 is turned on when the reverse wave of the modulated wave C is greater than the voltage value of the carrier wave B, and is turned off otherwise.
The drive signal of the ninth switching transistor Q9 is generated by comparing the modulated wave C with the carrier wave B. The ninth switching transistor Q9 is turned on when the voltage value of the modulated wave C is smaller than the voltage value of the carrier wave B, and is turned off otherwise.
The driving signal of the tenth switching tube Q10 is generated by comparing the reverse wave of the modulated wave C with the carrier wave B. The tenth switching tube Q10 is turned on when the reverse wave of the modulated wave C is smaller than the voltage value of the carrier wave B, and is turned off otherwise.
As described above, in one working cycle of the five-level topology unit 200, the five-level topology unit 200 sequentially works in the first working mode H1, the second working mode H2, the third working mode H3, the second working mode H2, the first working mode H1, the fourth working mode H4, the fifth working mode H5, the fourth working mode H4 and the first working mode H1, so that the AC voltage of the AC terminal AC is made. Therefore, in the corresponding time period of each working mode, the switching-on or switching-off of each switching tube is correspondingly controlled, and then the alternating current signal meeting the expectations can be output.
In an embodiment, the five-level ac-dc converter further includes an ac-side filtering unit. The input end of the alternating current side filtering unit is connected with the alternating current end AC of the five-level topological unit, and the alternating current side filtering unit is used for improving the waveform of alternating current of the alternating current end AC so that the waveform of alternating current output by the alternating current end AC is smoother. In addition, the ac side filtering unit may also filter out noise. Typically, the ac side filter unit consists of a capacitor and an inductor.
The five-level ac-dc converter is described below with respect to several common examples.
Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of a single-phase five-level ac/dc converter 400 according to an embodiment. The five-level ac/dc converter 400 has two five-level topology units, namely a first five-level topology unit 410 and a second five-level topology unit 420. The direct current positive ends DC+ of the two five-level topological units are connected together, the direct current negative ends DC-of the two five-level topological units are connected together, and the first connecting ends M1 of the two five-level topological units are connected together. The phase difference between the alternating current outputted from the first five-level topology unit 410 and the alternating current outputted from the second five-level topology unit 420 is 180 ° to satisfy the single-phase power application requirement.
Specifically, the phase of the modulated wave for generating the driving signal of the first five-level topology unit 410 is 180 ° different from the phase of the modulated wave for generating the driving signal of the second five-level topology unit 420, so that the phase difference between the alternating current of the first five-level topology unit 410 and the alternating current of the second five-level topology unit 420 is 180 °.
As shown in fig. 10, the five-level ac-dc converter 400 further includes an ac-side filter unit 430. The ac-side filtering unit 430 includes a second inductance La, a third inductance Lb, and a fifth capacitance Cg. One end of the second inductor La is connected to the AC end AC of the first five-level topology unit 410. One end of the third inductor Lb is connected to the AC end AC of the second five-level topology unit 420, and the other end of the second inductor La is connected to the other end of the third inductor Lb through the first AC load Vg. The fifth capacitor Cg is connected in parallel with the first ac load Vg. Accordingly, the ac side filtering unit 430 may make the waveform of the ac power at the first ac load Vg smoother.
Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of a three-phase three-wire five-level converter 500 according to an embodiment. In the three-phase three-wire five-level converter 500, the number of five-level topology units is three, namely a third five-level topology unit 510, a fourth five-level topology unit 520 and a fifth five-level topology unit 530. The direct current positive ends DC+ of the three five-level topological units are connected together, the direct current negative ends DC-of the three five-level topological units are connected together, and the first connecting ends M1 of the three five-level topological units are connected together. The phases of the alternating currents of the third five-level topological unit 510, the fourth five-level topological unit 520 and the fifth five-level topological unit 530 are sequentially different by 120 degrees so as to meet the application requirement of the three-phase electricity.
Specifically, the phase of the modulated wave for generating the first five-level topology unit driving signal, the phase of the modulated wave for generating the second five-level topology unit driving signal, and the phase of the modulated wave for generating the second five-level topology unit driving signal are sequentially different by 120 ° so that the phase difference between the alternating current outputted by the first five-level topology unit, the alternating current outputted by the second five-level topology unit, and the alternating current outputted by the third five-level topology unit 510 is 120 °.
In this embodiment, the five-level ac-dc converter 500 further includes an ac-side filtering unit 540. The ac side filtering unit 540 includes a fourth inductor La, a fifth inductor Lb, a sixth inductor Lc, a sixth capacitor Ca, a seventh capacitor Cb, and an eighth capacitor Cc. One end of the fourth inductor La is connected with the alternating current end AC of the third five-level topological unit 510, and the other end of the fourth inductor La is respectively connected with one electrode of the sixth capacitor Ca and the second alternating current load V G One end of a is connected. One end of the fifth inductor Lb is connected with the AC end AC of the fourth five-level topology unit 520, and the other end of the fifth inductor Lb is respectively connected with one electrode of the seventh capacitor Cb and the third AC load V G b is connected at one end. One end of the sixth inductance Lc is connected with the AC end AC of the fifth five-level topology unit 530, and the other end of the sixth inductance Lc is respectively connected with one electrode of the eighth capacitance Cc and the fourth AC load V G c is connected at one end. Second AC load V G a other end of a, a third alternating current load V G b and a fourth ac load V G And c, connecting the other end of the C. The other electrode of the sixth capacitor Ca, the other electrode of the seventh capacitor Cb, and the other electrode of the eighth capacitor Cc are connected. Accordingly, the ac side filtering unit 540 may make the waveform of the ac power at each ac load smoother.
Fig. 12 is a schematic diagram of a three-phase three-wire five-level ac/dc converter 600 according to another embodiment. In this embodiment, the circuit structure of the five-level ac/dc converter 600 can refer to the schematic diagram of the converter in fig. 11. The difference is that the common connection end of the sixth capacitor Ca, the seventh capacitor Cb and the eighth capacitor Cc of the alternating current side filter unit is connected with the bus midpoint M1; the common connection terminal of the sixth capacitor Ca, the seventh capacitor Cb and the eighth capacitor Cc is connected with the second AC load V G a. Third AC load V G b and a fourth ac load V G c are connected together.
Fig. 13 is a schematic diagram of a three-phase four-wire five-level converter 700 according to an embodiment. In this embodiment, the five-level converter 700 is also used in industry. The circuit structure of the five-level converter 700 in this embodiment can refer to the circuit structure of the five-level ac/dc converter 700 in fig. 11. In the embodiment, the common connection end of the sixth capacitor Ca, the seventh capacitor Cb and the eighth capacitor Cc of the ac side filter unit is connected to the bus midpoint M1; the common connection terminal of the sixth capacitor Ca, the seventh capacitor Cb and the eighth capacitor Cc is connected with the second AC load V G a. Third AC load V G b and a fourth ac load V G c are connected together.
The technical features of the above-described embodiments may be arbitrarily combined, and all possible combinations of the technical features in the above-described embodiments are not described for brevity of description, however, as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features, they should be considered as the scope of the description.
The above examples illustrate only a few embodiments of the invention, which are described in detail and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, which are all within the scope of the invention. Accordingly, the scope of protection of the present invention is to be determined by the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. A five-level topology unit, comprising:
a first switching device, a second switching device, a third switching device, a fourth switching device, a fifth switching device, a sixth switching device, a seventh switching device, an eighth switching device, a ninth switching device, a tenth switching device;
An eleventh diode, a twelfth diode;
the first capacitor, the second capacitor, the third capacitor and the fourth capacitor;
the first capacitor is connected with the second capacitor, and a circuit midpoint between the first capacitor and the second capacitor is used as a first connecting end; the electrode of the first capacitor, which is not connected with the first connecting end, is connected with the direct current positive end of the direct current power supply, and the electrode of the second capacitor, which is not connected with the first connecting end, is connected with the direct current negative end of the direct current power supply;
the second switching device, the third switching device, the fourth switching device and the fifth switching device are sequentially connected, the second switching device is connected with the direct current positive end, and the fifth switching device is connected with the direct current negative end;
the first switching device, the seventh switching device, the tenth switching device, the ninth switching device, the eighth switching device and the sixth switching device are sequentially connected, the first switching device is connected with the direct current positive terminal, and the sixth switching device is connected with the direct current negative terminal; a common connection terminal of the ninth switching device and the tenth switching device is used as an alternating current terminal;
The common connection end between the first switching device and the seventh switching device is connected with the common connection end of the second switching device and the third switching device through the third capacitor; the common connection end of the sixth switching device and the eighth switching device is connected with the common connection end of the fourth switching device and the fifth switching device through the fourth capacitor;
an anode of the eleventh diode is connected with the first connecting end, and a cathode of the eleventh diode is connected with a common connecting end of the seventh switching device and the tenth switching device; the cathode of the twelfth diode is connected with the first connecting end, and the anode of the twelfth diode is connected with the common connecting end of the eighth switching device and the ninth switching device;
the five-level topological unit works in five working modes, namely a first working mode, a second working mode, a third working mode, a fourth working mode and a fifth working mode; in one working period of the five-level topological unit, the five-level topological unit sequentially works in the first working mode, the second working mode, the third working mode, the second working mode, the first working mode, the fourth working mode, the fifth working mode, the fourth working mode and the first working mode, so that the alternating-current end outputs alternating-current voltage; when the five-level topological unit works in the first working mode, the voltage of the alternating-current end is zero; when the five-level topological unit works in a second working mode, the voltage of the alternating-current end of the five-level topological unit is equal to the voltage of the direct-current positive end; when the five-level topological unit works in the third working mode, the voltage of the alternating current end is twice the voltage of the direct current positive end; when the five-level topological unit works in the fourth working mode, the voltage of the alternating-current end is equal to the direct-current negative end; when the five-level topological unit works in the fifth working mode, the voltage of the alternating-current end is twice the voltage of the direct-current negative end;
The first switching device, the third switching device, the fourth switching device, the sixth switching device, the ninth switching device and the tenth switching device are turned on, and other switching devices are turned off, so that the five-level topological unit works in a first working mode;
the first switching device, the third switching device, the fourth switching device, the sixth switching device, the seventh switching device and the tenth switching device are turned on, and the other switching devices are turned off, so that the five-level topological unit works in a second working mode;
the second switching device, the fourth switching device, the sixth switching device, the seventh switching device and the tenth switching device are turned on, and the other switching devices are turned off, so that the five-level topological unit works in a third working mode;
the first switching device, the third switching device, the fourth switching device, the sixth switching device, the eighth switching device and the ninth switching device are turned on, and the other switching devices are turned off, so that the five-level topological unit works in a fourth working mode;
the first switching device, the third switching device, the fifth switching device, the eighth switching device and the ninth switching device are turned on, and the other switching devices are turned off, so that the five-level topological unit works in a fifth working mode;
The five-level topological unit further comprises a first inductor; and the common connecting end of the third switching device and the fourth switching device is connected with the first connecting end through a first inductor.
2. The five-level topology unit of claim 1, further comprising:
a thirteenth diode and a fourteenth diode, an anode of the thirteenth diode is connected to the first connection terminal, and a cathode of the thirteenth diode is connected to a common connection terminal of the second switching device and the third switching device; the cathode of the fourteenth diode is connected with the first connecting end, and the anode of the fourteenth diode is connected with the common connecting end of the fourth switching device and the fifth switching device.
3. A five-level ac-dc converter, comprising:
the five-level topology unit of claim 1 or 2;
and the control unit is used for controlling the on state or the off state of each switching device in the five-level topological unit so as to enable the converter to work in a corresponding working mode.
4. A five-level ac/dc converter according to claim 3, wherein the control unit is connected to each of the switching devices, and the control unit provides a driving signal to each of the switching devices, respectively; each of the switching devices is turned on or off by a corresponding driving signal.
5. The five-level ac/dc converter of claim 4 wherein the control signals of said control unit include a first voltage signal, a second voltage signal, and a third voltage signal; the control unit uses a comparison result of the voltage values of the first voltage signal and the second voltage signal at the same time as driving signals of the first switching device, the second switching device, the third switching device, the fourth switching device, the fifth switching device and the sixth switching device;
the control unit uses a comparison result of the voltage values of the first voltage signal and the third voltage signal at the same time as driving signals of the seventh switching device, the eighth switching device, the ninth switching device and the tenth switching device.
6. A five-level ac/dc converter according to claim 3, further comprising:
and one end of the alternating current side filtering unit is connected with the alternating current end of the five-level topological unit, and the alternating current side filtering unit is used for improving the waveform of alternating current of the alternating current end.
7. A five-level ac/dc converter according to claim 3, wherein the number of five-level topology units is two, namely a first five-level topology unit and a second five-level topology unit; the direct current positive ends of the two five-level topological units are connected together, the direct current negative ends of the two five-level topological units are connected together, and the first connecting ends of the two five-level topological units are connected together; the phase difference between the alternating current of the first five-level topological unit and the alternating current of the second five-level topological unit is 180 degrees.
8. A five-level ac/dc converter according to claim 3, wherein the number of the five-level topology units is three, namely a third five-level topology unit, a fourth five-level topology unit and a fifth five-level topology unit; the direct current positive ends of the three five-level topological units are connected together, the direct current negative ends of the three five-level topological units are connected together, and the first connecting ends of the three five-level topological units are connected together; the phases of alternating currents of the third five-level topological unit, the fourth five-level topological unit and the fifth five-level topological unit are sequentially different by 120 degrees.
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| CN102594187A (en) * | 2012-02-20 | 2012-07-18 | 阳光电源股份有限公司 | Four-level topological unit and application circuit thereof |
| CN102624271A (en) * | 2012-04-01 | 2012-08-01 | 阳光电源股份有限公司 | Five-level inverted topology unit and five-level inverter |
| CN104218832A (en) * | 2013-05-30 | 2014-12-17 | 阳光电源股份有限公司 | Single-phase five-level topology and inverter |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102594187A (en) * | 2012-02-20 | 2012-07-18 | 阳光电源股份有限公司 | Four-level topological unit and application circuit thereof |
| CN102624271A (en) * | 2012-04-01 | 2012-08-01 | 阳光电源股份有限公司 | Five-level inverted topology unit and five-level inverter |
| CN104218832A (en) * | 2013-05-30 | 2014-12-17 | 阳光电源股份有限公司 | Single-phase five-level topology and inverter |
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