CN108320842A - 一种架空绝缘电力电缆 - Google Patents
一种架空绝缘电力电缆 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN108320842A CN108320842A CN201810148705.6A CN201810148705A CN108320842A CN 108320842 A CN108320842 A CN 108320842A CN 201810148705 A CN201810148705 A CN 201810148705A CN 108320842 A CN108320842 A CN 108320842A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- oversheath
- conductor
- power cable
- cable core
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229920003020 cross-linked polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000004703 cross-linked polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 50
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012792 core layer Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 230000003679 aging effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000000709 aorta Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003760 hair shine Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
- H01B7/17—Protection against damage caused by external factors, e.g. sheaths or armouring
- H01B7/18—Protection against damage caused by wear, mechanical force or pressure; Sheaths; Armouring
- H01B7/1805—Protections not provided for in groups H01B7/182 - H01B7/26
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
- H01B7/02—Disposition of insulation
- H01B7/0275—Disposition of insulation comprising one or more extruded layers of insulation
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
- H01B7/17—Protection against damage caused by external factors, e.g. sheaths or armouring
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
- H01B7/17—Protection against damage caused by external factors, e.g. sheaths or armouring
- H01B7/18—Protection against damage caused by wear, mechanical force or pressure; Sheaths; Armouring
- H01B7/186—Sheaths comprising longitudinal lapped non-metallic layers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
- H01B7/17—Protection against damage caused by external factors, e.g. sheaths or armouring
- H01B7/18—Protection against damage caused by wear, mechanical force or pressure; Sheaths; Armouring
- H01B7/1875—Multi-layer sheaths
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
- H01B7/17—Protection against damage caused by external factors, e.g. sheaths or armouring
- H01B7/18—Protection against damage caused by wear, mechanical force or pressure; Sheaths; Armouring
- H01B7/1895—Internal space filling-up means
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
- H01B7/17—Protection against damage caused by external factors, e.g. sheaths or armouring
- H01B7/28—Protection against damage caused by moisture, corrosion, chemical attack or weather
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
- H01B7/17—Protection against damage caused by external factors, e.g. sheaths or armouring
- H01B7/29—Protection against damage caused by extremes of temperature or by flame
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
- H01B7/36—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form with distinguishing or length marks
- H01B7/366—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form with distinguishing or length marks being a tape, thread or wire extending the full length of the conductor or cable
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B9/00—Power cables
- H01B9/006—Constructional features relating to the conductors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B9/00—Power cables
- H01B9/008—Power cables for overhead application
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B9/00—Power cables
- H01B9/02—Power cables with screens or conductive layers, e.g. for avoiding large potential gradients
- H01B9/024—Power cables with screens or conductive layers, e.g. for avoiding large potential gradients composed of braided metal wire
Landscapes
- Insulated Conductors (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种架空绝缘电力电缆，包括导体支撑架，所述的导体支撑架上开有多个弧形槽，每个弧形槽内对应的设有铝合金导体，组合成缆芯；在缆芯的空隙处设有填充层，在缆芯外挤包耐热105℃耐候化学交联聚乙烯绝缘层，在所述的耐热105℃耐候化学交联聚乙烯绝缘层外编织钢丝屏蔽层，在钢丝屏蔽层外绕包抗冲击层，在抗冲击层外设有隔氧层，在隔氧层外设有外护套；所述的外护套上设有抗冰雪的凸脊。本发明具有耐高温热老化性能好、耐日光老化性能好、绝缘性能好等特性。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及电线电缆领域，尤其是一种架空绝缘电力电缆。
背景技术
随着国民经济的快速发展，作为国民经济主动脉的电线电缆，其用量和使用范围越来越大。近几年来，发电厂、变电站、冶炼及石油化工等行业，对电缆的需求量极大。电力电缆是用于传输和分配电能的输电线，常用于城市地下电网、发电站的引出线路、工矿企业的内部供电及过江、过海的水下输电线，还有专门用于地铁隧道、轻轨等场所的电线。
目前，大部分架空电缆普遍存在使用寿命短，不能长距离架设，绝缘效果差，填充层材质不符合使用要求，填充效果不理想，同时整体强度差，容易破损。
现有技术中，架空绝缘电缆一般由金属线芯和耐候绝缘层组成，因为有较裸导线优越的绝缘性能，从而可减少相间距离，提高同杆线路回数，节约架线占用空间。故而此类电缆被广泛的运用在城镇输变电线路上，尤其是在人口密集繁华区域，能够架设在一些空间狭小的线路通道中。但是，架空绝缘电缆在黑暗或光线不足的环境下自身不能发光，人们不容易看清楚电缆的所在位置和分布情况，这给黑暗环境下的生产生活以及线路检修造成一定的影响。尤其是在居民区、生产厂区、工地周边的线路，往往由于人们不清楚线缆位置，在生产生活、施工中意外损伤线缆，甚至使线缆坠落，造成人员伤亡，区域性供电中断等。而且这些地方的线缆，在架设施工时，由于受到周边环境限制，线路通道通常极为狭窄，相间距离不足，甚至有些区域需在管道内通过。这对以后的线路检修以及在线路受到损伤后的抢修过程中，都会由于环境光线不足而无法及时找出故障点，使线路恢复畅通。这将影响到人们的正常生活及企业正常运转，严重时甚至威胁到人们的生命财产安全。
同时，现有技术中的架空绝缘电缆在使用中暴露出许多突出问题：抗拉强度低、抗风雪性差、传输容量小、线路损耗大、架设时档距小，运行故障率高、使用寿命短等。
发明内容
本发明为了解决现有技术的不足提供了一种高强度，传输容量大，使用寿命长、抗冰雪、抗挤压的架空绝缘电力电缆。
为解决以上技术问题，本发明所述的一种架空绝缘电力电缆，包括导体支撑架，所述的导体支撑架上开有多个弧形槽，每个弧形槽内对应的设有铝合金导体，组合成缆芯；在缆芯的空隙处设有填充层，在缆芯外挤包耐热105℃耐候化学交联聚乙烯绝缘层，在所述的耐热105℃耐候化学交联聚乙烯绝缘层外编织钢丝屏蔽层，在钢丝屏蔽层外绕包抗冲击层，在抗冲击层外设有隔氧层，在隔氧层外设有外护套；所述的外护套上设有抗冰雪的凸脊。
进一步改进，还包括荧光发光色带，所述荧光发光色带沿所述外护套的轴线方向设置。
进一步改进，所述的外护套由内向外由厚度为1-1.5mm的塑料层、厚度为1-2mm的无卤低烟阻燃聚烯烃材料层以及厚度为1-1.5mm的的塑料层三层复合粘连在一起而成。
进一步改进，所述的抗冲击层由松套管内填充海绵构成。
本发明有益效果在于：
与现有技术相比，本发明的主要改进在于:设有带弧形槽的导体支撑架卡住导体，使得导体不易变动和移动，使得导体之间互不影响，提高了电缆的导电性能；绝缘层采用耐热105℃耐候化学交联聚乙烯绝缘层，使得电缆具有耐高温热老化性能好、耐日光老化性能好、绝缘性能好；采用抗冲击层，可以有效提高产品稳定性，抗挤压性，防变形；设有隔氧层，在失火的情况下可以隔绝外面的氧气进入缆芯破坏导体；外护套层使用了三层复合结构，使用该结构，起到很好的防护作用，产品不易破损，外护套更加的牢固。采用碳化硅复合材料填充层，可以提高填充效果，采用高强度承载芯，可以提高整体强度，利于长距离架空铺设，本产品使用寿命长，符合实际使用要求；外护套上设有锥形凸脊，使得电缆表面不易积雪；所述外护套的轴线方向设置荧光发光色带，能够在黑暗或者光线不足的环境下能自身发光，使人们在日常的生产生活中能直观的看清电缆所在位置，便于有效避开电缆线路，以免损伤线缆，也防止被受损电缆所伤，更给黑暗环境下的检修、抢修及维护等相关工作提供了方便；高强度，传输容量大，使用寿命长，节省大量杆塔，而且缩短工期，极大地节约了占地费、人力成本。
附图说明
图1为本发明的结构示意图；
图2为本发明的外护套的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明作进一步介绍。
如图1所示，一种架空绝缘电力电缆，包括导体支撑架1，所述的导体支撑架上开有多个弧形槽2，每个弧形槽内对应的设有铝合金导体3，组合成缆芯；在缆芯的空隙处设有填充层4，在缆芯外挤包耐热105℃耐候化学交联聚乙烯绝缘层5，在所述的耐热105℃耐候化学交联聚乙烯绝缘层外编织钢丝屏蔽层6，在钢丝屏蔽层外绕包抗冲击层7，在抗冲击层外设有隔氧层8，在隔氧层外设有外护套9；所述的外护套上设有抗冰雪的锥形凸脊10；
该电缆还包括荧光发光色带11，所述荧光发光色带沿所述外护套的轴线方向设置。
如图2所示，所述的外护套层8由内向外由厚度为1-1.5mm的塑料层81、厚度为1-2mm的无卤低烟阻燃聚烯烃材料层82以及厚度为1-1.5mm的的塑料层81三层复合粘连在一起而成。
所述的抗冲击层由松套管内填充海绵构成。
上述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和调整，这些改进和调整也应视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (4)
1.一种架空绝缘电力电缆，其特征在于：包括导体支撑架，所述的导体支撑架上开有多个弧形槽，每个弧形槽内对应的设有铝合金导体，组合成缆芯；在缆芯的空隙处设有填充层，在缆芯外挤包耐热105℃耐候化学交联聚乙烯绝缘层，在所述的耐热105℃耐候化学交联聚乙烯绝缘层外编织钢丝屏蔽层，在钢丝屏蔽层外绕包抗冲击层，在抗冲击层外设有隔氧层，在隔氧层外设有外护套；所述的外护套上设有抗冰雪的锥形凸脊。
2.根据权利要求1 所述的架空绝缘电力电缆，其特征在于：还包括荧光发光色带，所述荧光发光色带沿所述外护套的轴线方向设置。
3.根据权利要求1 所述的架空绝缘电力电缆，其特征在于：所述的外护套由内向外由厚度为1-1.5mm的塑料层、厚度为1-2mm的无卤低烟阻燃聚烯烃材料层以及厚度为1-1.5mm的的塑料层三层复合粘连在一起而成。
4.根据权利要求1 所述的架空绝缘电力电缆，其特征在于：所述的抗冲击层由松套管内填充海绵构成。
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810148705.6A CN108320842A (zh) | 2018-02-13 | 2018-02-13 | 一种架空绝缘电力电缆 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810148705.6A CN108320842A (zh) | 2018-02-13 | 2018-02-13 | 一种架空绝缘电力电缆 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN108320842A true CN108320842A (zh) | 2018-07-24 |
Family
ID=62903556
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810148705.6A Pending CN108320842A (zh) | 2018-02-13 | 2018-02-13 | 一种架空绝缘电力电缆 |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN108320842A (zh) |
Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN203433867U (zh) * | 2013-08-09 | 2014-02-12 | 江苏中辰电缆有限公司 | 一种架空绝缘电缆 |
| CN104036864A (zh) * | 2014-06-27 | 2014-09-10 | 江苏凯达电缆有限公司 | 一种新型架空绝缘电力电缆 |
| CN105348620A (zh) * | 2015-12-18 | 2016-02-24 | 国家电网公司 | 一种耐热105℃耐候化学交联聚乙烯绝缘料 |
| CN105405524A (zh) * | 2015-12-22 | 2016-03-16 | 上海朗达电缆（集团）有限公司 | 一种耐火光纤复合中压电缆及其制作工艺 |
| CN105405491A (zh) * | 2015-12-18 | 2016-03-16 | 国网辽宁省电力有限公司沈阳供电公司 | 一种可增容的架空绝缘电缆 |
| CN205900184U (zh) * | 2016-08-18 | 2017-01-18 | 江苏华旺科技有限公司 | 一种抗覆冰导线 |
| CN206574536U (zh) * | 2017-04-07 | 2017-10-20 | 安徽广优特电缆科技有限公司 | 一种高强度铝合金电力电缆 |
| CN208014392U (zh) * | 2018-02-13 | 2018-10-26 | 江苏荣宜电缆有限公司 | 一种架空绝缘电力电缆 |
-
2018
- 2018-02-13 CN CN201810148705.6A patent/CN108320842A/zh active Pending
Patent Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN203433867U (zh) * | 2013-08-09 | 2014-02-12 | 江苏中辰电缆有限公司 | 一种架空绝缘电缆 |
| CN104036864A (zh) * | 2014-06-27 | 2014-09-10 | 江苏凯达电缆有限公司 | 一种新型架空绝缘电力电缆 |
| CN105348620A (zh) * | 2015-12-18 | 2016-02-24 | 国家电网公司 | 一种耐热105℃耐候化学交联聚乙烯绝缘料 |
| CN105405491A (zh) * | 2015-12-18 | 2016-03-16 | 国网辽宁省电力有限公司沈阳供电公司 | 一种可增容的架空绝缘电缆 |
| CN105405524A (zh) * | 2015-12-22 | 2016-03-16 | 上海朗达电缆（集团）有限公司 | 一种耐火光纤复合中压电缆及其制作工艺 |
| CN205900184U (zh) * | 2016-08-18 | 2017-01-18 | 江苏华旺科技有限公司 | 一种抗覆冰导线 |
| CN206574536U (zh) * | 2017-04-07 | 2017-10-20 | 安徽广优特电缆科技有限公司 | 一种高强度铝合金电力电缆 |
| CN208014392U (zh) * | 2018-02-13 | 2018-10-26 | 江苏荣宜电缆有限公司 | 一种架空绝缘电力电缆 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| WO2013000271A1 (zh) | 加强型光纤复合耐高温架空绝缘电缆 | |
| KR102070352B1 (ko) | 이중절연 케이블 | |
| CN208014392U (zh) | 一种架空绝缘电力电缆 | |
| CN202275613U (zh) | 石油平台防泥浆电缆 | |
| CN203433867U (zh) | 一种架空绝缘电缆 | |
| CN201222376Y (zh) | 防雪抗冰冻环保架空电缆 | |
| CN204596510U (zh) | 中、低压防鼠、防蚁光电复合缆 | |
| CN108320842A (zh) | 一种架空绝缘电力电缆 | |
| CN201663003U (zh) | 电气化铁道27.5kv单相交流交联聚乙烯绝缘电缆 | |
| Wareing | Covered conductor systems for distribution | |
| CN201663004U (zh) | 电气化铁路27.5kv电缆 | |
| CN209625823U (zh) | 一种高速公路专用复合缆 | |
| CN202434258U (zh) | 新型高压、超高压交联聚乙烯绝缘电力电缆 | |
| CN206947558U (zh) | 电力线缆穿管布线用防护接头 | |
| Cai et al. | Impact of natural disasters on the western Hubei power grid and its anti‐disaster enhancement measures | |
| CN106128595A (zh) | 一种铜芯交联聚乙烯无卤阻燃防紫外线控制电力电缆 | |
| CN106024182A (zh) | 一种改进阻燃型架空绝缘电缆 | |
| CN201465644U (zh) | 轨道交通电力电缆 | |
| CN214336407U (zh) | 一种防腐阻燃轻型防水低压电力电缆 | |
| RU157780U1 (ru) | КАБЕЛЬ СИЛОВОЙ НА НАПРЯЖЕНИЕ 6-35 кВ | |
| CN203787150U (zh) | 阻水型防鼠防白蚁电力电缆 | |
| CN205984401U (zh) | 500kV交联聚乙烯绝缘海底电力电缆 | |
| CN104240835A (zh) | 高精密智能化仪器仪表信号电缆结构 | |
| CN103985468A (zh) | 一种内嵌式可融冰中心管式光纤复合架空地线 | |
| CN104036864A (zh) | 一种新型架空绝缘电力电缆 |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication |
Application publication date: 20180724 |