CN108319089B - 一种基于锂离子三维运动的电致变色器件及其应用 - Google Patents

一种基于锂离子三维运动的电致变色器件及其应用 Download PDF

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CN108319089B
CN108319089B CN201810160532.XA CN201810160532A CN108319089B CN 108319089 B CN108319089 B CN 108319089B CN 201810160532 A CN201810160532 A CN 201810160532A CN 108319089 B CN108319089 B CN 108319089B
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lithium ion
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CN108319089A (zh
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唐秀凤
罗坚义
王思媛
黄景诚
陈国新
莫钊鹏
郑国祥
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Wuyi University
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种基于锂离子三维运动的电致变色器件及其应用。所述基于锂离子三维运动的电致变色器件包括上下两层透明电极层、以及位于所述上下两层透明电极层之间的电解质层和变色层；所述上下两层透明电极层之间连接第一外电路，用以提供初始化电压；所述上下两层透明电极层中与变色层相邻的透明电极层的两端连接第二外电路，用以提供横向工作电压。本发明的电致变色器件基于锂离子由电解质层注入到变色层，然后在变色层中迁移的三维运动实现智能调光，与传统三明治结构的电致变色器件相比，具有无需对电极层、器件的常关闭模式为着色态的特点，且制备工艺简单、成本低廉，在智能窗、显示器、文件加密以及变色眼镜等领域具有较好的应用前景。

Description

一种基于锂离子三维运动的电致变色器件及其应用
技术领域
本发明涉及电致变色领域，尤其涉及一种基于锂离子三维运动的电致变色器件及其应用。
背景技术
电致变色材料是一种在外界电刺激下可以发生稳定可逆的颜色变化，同时具有光学调制能力的一种智能材料。以电致变色材料为核心层，匹配相应的电解质层和对电极层组装可以得到三明治结构的电致变色器件，它可以应用于建筑等的装配窗(也称智能窗)、显示器、文件加密以及变色眼镜等领域。
目前，电致变色器件常用的标准结构是由多种类型的材料集成类似电池的三明治结构，包括由沉积于两侧玻璃基板的透明导电材料，电致变色材料和电解质材料组成的5层结构，其结构可以表述为透明导电基板(TC)/电致变色层(EC)/电解质(EL)/对电极层(CE)/透明导电基板(TC)。受限于对电极层(CE)材料的稳定性问题，导致器件的循环寿命短，影响了电致变色器件的大范围商业化应用。
发明内容
基于此，本发明的目的在于，克服现有技术中的缺点和不足，提供一种基于锂离子三维运动的电致变色器件，其具有无需对电极层、结构简单、制备成本低廉的优点。
本发明的目的是通过以下技术方案实现的：一种基于锂离子三维运动的电致变色器件，包括上下两层透明电极层、以及位于所述上下两层透明电极层之间的电解质层和变色层；所述上下两层透明电极层之间连接第一外电路，用以提供初始化电压；所述上下两层透明电极层中与变色层相邻的透明电极层的两端连接第二外电路，用以提供横向工作电压。
本发明的工作原理为：施加初始化电压，锂离子从电解质层注入至变色层，使得变色层均匀着色，透光率下降，变色层的该状态称为初始化状态，完成初始化后，撤去初始化电压，器件此时处于常关闭模式；施加横向工作电压，使锂离子往负电极一侧运动，使得变色层一部分区域透光率增大，为褪色态，另一部分区域透光率下降，为深着色态；撤去横向工作电压，变色层的深着色态区域往褪色态区域扩散，直到整个变色层处于均匀着色状态，器件回到常关闭模式。
相对于现有技术，本发明的电致变色器件基于锂离子由电解质层注入到变色层，然后在变色层中迁移的三维运动实现智能调光，与传统三明治结构的电致变色器件相比，具有无需对电极层(或离子储存层)的特点，从而避免对电极层材料不稳定的问题，提高器件寿命；本发明的电致变色器件还具有常关闭模式为着色态的特点，且制备工艺简单、成本低廉。
进一步地，所述上下两层透明电极层为透明导电氧化物薄膜、碳纳米管薄膜、石墨烯薄膜或银纳米线薄膜的一种或几种的复合。
进一步地，所述电解质层为凝胶态电解质层、全固态电解质层或液态电解质层。
进一步地，所述电解质层的厚度为100nm～2mm。
进一步地，所述变色层为电致变色金属氧化物薄膜。优选氧化钨、氧化钛或氧化钒薄膜。
进一步地，所述基于锂离子三维运动的电致变色器件还包括粘结剂，所述粘结剂设于上下两层透明电极层之间的相对空隙中，以实现封装。
本发明还提供了一种基于锂离子三维运动的电致变色器件的控制方法，包括以下步骤：
S1：在上下两层透明电极层之间施加初始化电压，锂离子从电解质层注入至变色层，使变色层均匀着色，透光率下降，处于初始化状态；
S2：撤去初始化电压，在与变色层相邻的透明电极层的两端施加横向工作电压，锂离子在变色层内迁移，使变色层的一部分区域透光率增大，为褪色态，另一部分区域透光率下降，为深着色态；
S3：撤去横向工作电压，变色层的深着色态区域的锂离子往褪色态区域扩散，使变色层恢复均匀着色的状态。
相对于现有技术，本发明的电致变色器件基于两种电压的驱动，使锂离子先由电解质层注入到变色层，然后在变色层中迁移，通过锂离子的三维运动实现器件多种不同程度颜色状态的转换，在智能窗、显示器、文件加密以及变色眼镜等领域具有较好的应用前景。
进一步地，所述变色层的初始化状态、褪色态和深着色态的透光率大小关系为：褪色态透光率>初始化状态透光率>深着色态透光率。
进一步地，所述初始化电压为2～3V，所述横向工作电压为3～50V。
进一步地，所述基于锂离子三维运动的电致变色器件的控制方法还包括步骤S4：在上下两层透明电极层之间再次施加初始化电压，使变色层恢复为初始化状态。通过多次循环使用，电致变色器件起始的着色态的透光率会有所增大，颜色变浅，可再次加载初始化电压，使之恢复为初始化状态。
为了更好地理解和实施，下面结合附图详细说明本发明。
附图说明
图1为实施例1的基于锂离子三维运动的电致变色器件的结构示意图。
图2为实施例1的基于锂离子三维运动的电致变色器件用于调光窗户的效果示意图。
图3为实施例1的基于锂离子三维运动的电致变色器件用于字符显示的效果示意图。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及实施例，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处描述的具体实施例仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。此外，下面所描述的本发明各个实施方式中所涉及到的技术特征只要彼此之间未构成冲突就可以相互组合。
实施例1
请参阅图1，其为本实施例的基于锂离子三维运动的电致变色器件的结构示意图。所述电致变色器件包括上下两层透明电极层、以及位于所述上下两层透明电极层之间的电解质层和变色层；所述上下两层透明电极层之间连接第一外电路，用以提供初始化电压；所述上下两层透明电极层中与变色层相邻的透明电极层的两端连接第二外电路，用以提供横向工作电压。
具体的，本实施例中，所述电致变色器件自上而下依次包括上透明电极层1、电解质层2、变色层3和下透明电极层5，每一层结构相互平行叠放设置，所述上透明电极层1和下透明电极层4之间的相对空隙中使用粘结剂5进行封装。所述上透明电极层1和下透明电极层4之间连接第一外电路，用以提供初始化电压U1，U1的方向为上透明电极层1指向下透明电极层4。所述下透明电极层2的两端连接第二外电路，用以提供横向工作电压U2，U2的方向平行于下透明电极层2。
所述上透明电极层1和下透明电极层4可以为透明导电氧化物薄膜、碳纳米管薄膜、石墨烯薄膜或银纳米线薄膜的一种或几种的复合。所述电解质层2的电解质可以为凝胶态电解质、全固态电解质或液态电解质，厚度为100nm～2mm。所述变色层材料可以为无机电致变色材料，优选氧化钨、氧化钛、氧化钒或其它可电致变色的金属氧化物薄膜。
本实施例还提供一种基于锂离子三维运动的电致变色器件的控制方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)在上透明电极层和下透明电极层之间施加初始化电压U1，在U1的作用下，锂离子从电解质层注入至变色层，使变色层均匀着色，透光率下降，加载一定时间后，变色层处于初始化状态；完成初始化后，可撤去初始化电压U1，此时器件处于常关闭模式。优选U1为2～3V。
(2)在下透明电极层的两端施加横向工作电压U2，在U2的驱动下，锂离子在变色层内朝着负极一侧迁移，使变色层的一部分区域透光率增大，为褪色态，另一部分区域透光率下降，为深着色态。褪色态区域与深着色态区域的面积比例分别与横向工作电压U2的大小和其作用时间长短有关，工作电压越大、作用时间越长，褪色态区域与深着色态区域的面积比例则越大，优选U2为3～50V。所述变色层的初始化状态、褪色态和深着色态的透光率大小关系为：褪色态透光率>初始化状态透光率>深着色态透光率。
(3)撤去横向工作电压U2，变色层的深着色态区域的锂离子往褪色态区域扩散，使变色层恢复均匀着色的状态，器件回到常关闭模式。
(4)通过多次循环使用(即常关闭模式与褪色态之间的转换)，电致变色器件的常关闭模式的透光率会有所增大，颜色变浅，可重复步骤(1)操作，再次加载初始化电压U1，使器件恢复为初始化状态。
实施例2
本实施例展示了实施例1的电致变色器件在调光窗户中的应用，请参阅图2，其为效果示意图。为了更好地展示本实施例的变色原理和效果，图2(a)中的器件已经进行初始化并去掉了上透明电极层，此时器件处于常关闭模式中；通过外电路加载横向工作电压U2后，锂离子在电场的作用下往负电极方向运动并注入至变色层中，使得变色层一部分区域透光率增大，为褪色态，另一部分区域透光率下降，为深着色态，如图2(b)所示；当撤回横向工作电压U2后，锂离子便从变色层的深着色态区域往褪色态区域扩散，直到整个变色层处于均匀着色状态，回到常关闭模式，即图2(c)。用户通过对横向工作电压U2的开关及其作用时间进行调控，控制褪色区域的大小，即可实现基于锂离子三维运动的电致变色调光窗户的开闭控制。
实施例3
本实施例展示了实施例1的电致变色器件在字符显示中的应用，请参阅图3，其为效果示意图。为了更好地展示本实施例的变色原理和效果，图3(a)中的器件已经进行初始化并去掉了上透明电极层，此时器件处于常关闭模式中，其中电解质层的形状为“2”，由于电解质为透明状的胶体，故字符“2”隐藏在背景下不易被察觉；在加载横向工作电压U2后，锂离子在电场的作用下往负电极方向运动，使得“2”的上半部分区域透光率增大，为褪色态，下半部分区域透光率下降，为深着色态，如图3(b)所示，此时，“2”的上下两部分区域的透光率与背景区域的透光率存在较大差异，而这种差异能够被人眼所识别，用户即可分辨出来该字符为“2”，便可实现基于锂离子三维运动的电致变色的字符显示效果。
基于本发明的工作原理，器件所显示的图案是通过调控电解质层的形状来实现。因此，用户使用电解质液在变色层表面书写任意字符，再通过上述步骤显示出来，即可实现数据加密与显示的功能，在加密领域拥有着良好的应用前景。
相对于现有技术，本发明的电致变色器件基于锂离子由电解质层注入到变色层，然后在变色层中迁移的三维运动实现智能调光，与传统三明治结构的电致变色器件相比，具有无需对电极层(或离子储存层)、且器件的常关闭模式为着色态的特点，且制备工艺简单、成本低廉，在智能窗、显示器、文件加密以及变色眼镜等领域具有较好的应用前景。
以上所述实施例仅表达了本发明的几种实施方式，其描述较为具体和详细，但并不能因此而理解为对发明专利范围的限制。应当指出的是，对于本领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明构思的前提下，还可以做出若干变形和改进，这些都属于本发明的保护范围。

Claims (10)

1.一种基于锂离子三维运动的电致变色器件，其特征在于：包括上下两层透明电极层、以及位于所述上下两层透明电极层之间的电解质层和变色层；所述上下两层透明电极层之间连接第一外电路，用以提供初始化电压；所述上下两层透明电极层中与变色层相邻的透明电极层的两端连接第二外电路，用以提供横向工作电压。
2.根据权利要求1所述的基于锂离子三维运动的电致变色器件，其特征在于：所述上下两层透明电极层为透明导电氧化物薄膜、碳纳米管薄膜、石墨烯薄膜或银纳米线薄膜的一种或几种的复合。
3.根据权利要求1所述的基于锂离子三维运动的电致变色器件，其特征在于：所述电解质层为凝胶态电解质层、全固态电解质层或液态电解质层。
4.根据权利要求1所述的基于锂离子三维运动的电致变色器件，其特征在于：所述电解质层的厚度为100nm～2mm。
5.根据权利要求1所述的基于锂离子三维运动的电致变色器件，其特征在于：所述变色层为电致变色金属氧化物薄膜。
6.根据权利要求1所述的基于锂离子三维运动的电致变色器件，其特征在于：所述基于锂离子三维运动的电致变色器件还包括粘结剂，所述粘结剂设于上下两层透明电极层之间的相对空隙中，以实现封装。
7.一种基于锂离子三维运动的电致变色器件的控制方法，其特征在于：包括以下步骤：
S1：在上下两层透明电极层之间施加初始化电压，锂离子从电解质层注入至变色层，使变色层均匀着色，透光率下降，处于初始化状态；
S2：撤去初始化电压，在与变色层相邻的透明电极层的两端施加横向工作电压，锂离子在变色层内朝着负极一侧迁移，使变色层的一部分区域透光率增大，为褪色态，另一部分区域透光率下降，为深着色态；
S3：撤去横向工作电压，变色层的深着色态区域的锂离子往褪色态区域扩散，使变色层恢复均匀着色的状态。
8.根据权利要求7所述的基于锂离子三维运动的电致变色器件的控制方法，其特征在于：所述变色层的初始化状态、褪色态和深着色态的透光率大小关系为：褪色态透光率>初始化状态透光率>深着色态透光率。
9.根据权利要求7或8所述的基于锂离子三维运动的电致变色器件的控制方法，其特征在于：所述初始化电压为2～3V，所述横向工作电压为3～50V。
10.根据权利要求7或8所述的基于锂离子三维运动的电致变色器件的控制方法，其特征在于：还包括步骤S4：在上下两层透明电极层之间再次施加初始化电压，使变色层恢复为初始化状态。
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