CN108319070A - 一种显示装置及其显示方法 - Google Patents

一种显示装置及其显示方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108319070A
CN108319070A CN201810298907.9A CN201810298907A CN108319070A CN 108319070 A CN108319070 A CN 108319070A CN 201810298907 A CN201810298907 A CN 201810298907A CN 108319070 A CN108319070 A CN 108319070A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
light
display device
guide plate
light source
source
Prior art date
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Application number
CN201810298907.9A
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English (en)
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CN108319070B (zh
Inventor
谭纪风
王维
孟宪东
孟宪芹
高健
陈小川
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BOE Technology Group Co Ltd
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BOE Technology Group Co Ltd
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Priority to CN201810298907.9A priority Critical patent/CN108319070B/zh
Publication of CN108319070A publication Critical patent/CN108319070A/zh
Priority to US16/201,103 priority patent/US10754186B2/en
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Publication of CN108319070B publication Critical patent/CN108319070B/zh
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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/133504—Diffusing, scattering, diffracting elements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/017—Head mounted
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    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
    • G02B6/0013—Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide
    • G02B6/0023—Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide provided by one optical element, or plurality thereof, placed between the light guide and the light source, or around the light source
    • G02B6/0031—Reflecting element, sheet or layer
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
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    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
    • G02B6/0033—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide
    • G02B6/0035—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide provided on the surface of the light guide or in the bulk of it
    • G02B6/0036—2-D arrangement of prisms, protrusions, indentations or roughened surfaces
    • G—PHYSICS
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    • G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
    • G02B6/0033—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide
    • G02B6/005—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide provided by one optical element, or plurality thereof, placed on the light output side of the light guide
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    • G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
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    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
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    • G—PHYSICS
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    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
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    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
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    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
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    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
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Abstract

本发明提供一种显示装置及其显示方法，该显示装置包括：第一衬底基板和第二衬底基板；位于第一衬底基板上的导光板和光栅层，光栅层包括多个光栅单元，每一光栅单元对应显示装置的一像素单元；光源，包括多个单色光源和光学部件，单色光源发射的光线经由光学部件以一入射角入射至导光板中，并由光栅单元出射，其中，发射不同颜色光线的单色光源对应的入射角不同，且入射角大于导光板的全反射角。本发明能够有效提高显示装置的PPI。

Description

一种显示装置及其显示方法
技术领域
本发明涉及显示技术领域，尤其涉及一种显示装置及其显示方法。
背景技术
近眼显示装置属于显示装置的一种，一般做成可穿戴式的设备形态(例如，眼镜或者头戴式设备)，通过近眼显示装置，可以在距离眼睛1-5cm距离内实现显示，还可以与实景进行叠加。近眼显示的显示装置的分辨率(PPI)要求很高，至少要达到3000PPI，由于工艺难度，目前的显示装置难以达到要求。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本发明提供一种显示装置及其显示方法，用于解决目前显示装置的PPI难以达到要求的问题。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明提供一种显示装置，包括：
相对设置的第一衬底基板和第二衬底基板；
位于所述第一衬底基板上的导光板和光栅层，所述光栅层位于所述导光板朝向所述第二衬底基板的一侧，所述光栅层包括多个光栅单元，每一所述光栅单元对应所述显示装置的一像素单元；
位于所述导光板侧面的光源，所述光源包括多个单色光源和光学部件，所述单色光源发射的光线经由所述光学部件以一入射角入射至所述导光板中，并由所述光栅单元出射，其中，发射不同颜色光线的所述单色光源对应的入射角不同，且所述入射角大于所述导光板的全反射角。
优选地，位于所述第一衬底基板和第二衬底基板之间的液晶层和控制电极，通过在所述控制电极上加载驱动电压，能够控制所述液晶层对入射光的有效折射率在ne和no之间变化，ne是所述液晶层的异常光折射率，no为所述液晶层的平常光折射率；
所述光栅单元的折射率为n，no≤n≤ne。
优选地，同一所述光栅单元将入射至所述导光板中的不同颜色的单色光，以相同的出射角出射。
优选地，所述显示装置包括多个像素分区，每一像素分区内包括至少一个像素单元，不同像素分区内的像素单元对应的光栅单元的光栅参数不同，使得不同所述光栅单元出射的光线汇聚至同一区域。
优选地，所述光栅单元对入射光衍射后的出射角采用如下公式计算：
sinγ–sinγ’＝mλ/P(m＝0,±1,±2,…)
其中，m为所述光栅单元的衍射波级次，P为所述光栅单元的光栅周期，λ为所述光栅单元的入射光的波长，γ为所述光栅单元的入射光的入射角，γ’为光栅单元对入射光衍射后的出射角。
优选地，所述第二衬底基板位于所述显示装置的出光侧，所述导光板与所述第一衬底基板复用。
优选地，所述光源为micro LED光源或OLED光源。
优选地，所述多个单色光源分别设置于所述光学部件的不同位置处。
优选地，所述光学部件包括：具有局部抛物面的反射罩和由所述反射罩延伸而成的收拢罩，所述收拢罩的末端抵接至所述导光板的侧面。
优选地，所述光源包括红色光源、绿色光源和蓝色光源，所述绿色光源设置在所述反射罩的焦点位置，所述绿色光源发射的光线入射至所述导光板的入射角大于所述蓝色光源发射的光线入射至所述导光板的入射角，小于所述红色光源发射的光线入射至所述导光板的入射角。
优选地，所述控制电极包括：公共电极和像素电极，所述公共电极或像素电极其中之一为条状电极，且设置于所述第一衬底基板上，所述光栅与所述条状电极复用。
本发明还提供一种显示方法，应用于上述显示装置，所述显示方法包括：
在一帧画面的显示时间内，控制所述多个单色光源分时点亮。
优选地，所述控制所述多个单色光源分时点亮的步骤包括：
控制每一所述单色光源点亮的时间相同。
优选地，所述控制所述多个单色光源分时点亮的步骤包括：
控制每一所述单色光源的亮度相同。
本发明的上述技术方案的有益效果如下：
本发明实施例中的显示装置，在不需要改变工艺难度的情况下，可以有效提高PPI，适用于近眼指向式显示等对PPI要求较高的场景。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例的技术方案，下面将对本发明实施例的描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动性的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本发明实施例一的显示装置的结构示意图；
图2为本发明实施例二的显示装置的结构示意图；
图3为本发明实施例三的显示装置的结构示意图；
图4为本发明实施例四的显示装置的结构示意图；
图5为本发明实施例的显示装置应用于近眼指向式显示场景的示意图；
图6-图8为本发明实施例的对固定位置的单色光源对应的反射罩的出光角度和出光强度的模拟结果的示意图；
图9和图10为本发明的显示装置的显示灰阶的原理示意图；
图11为本发明实施例的光源的控制信号的时序图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本发明实施例的附图，对本发明实施例的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。显然，所描述的实施例是本发明的一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于所描述的本发明的实施例，本领域普通技术人员所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
请参考图1-图4，本发明实施例提供一种显示装置，该显示装置包括：
相对设置的第一衬底基板11和第二衬底基板12；
位于所述第一衬底基板11和第二衬底基板12之间的液晶层13和控制电极14，通过在所述控制电极14上加载驱动电压，能够控制所述液晶层13对入射光的有效折射率在ne和no之间变化，ne是所述液晶层13的异常光折射率，no为所述液晶层13的平常光折射率；
位于所述液晶层13远离所述显示装置的出光侧一侧的导光板15和光栅层16，所述光栅层16位于所述导光板15朝向所述液晶层13的一侧，所述光栅层16包括多个光栅单元161，每一所述光栅单元161对应所述显示装置的一像素单元，所述光栅单元161的折射率为n，no≤n≤ne；
位于所述导光板15侧面的光源17，所述光源17包括多个单色光源171和光学部件172，所述单色光源171发射的光线经由所述光学部件172以一入射角入射至所述导光板15中，并由所述光栅单元161出射，其中，发射不同颜色光线的所述单色光源171对应的入射角不同，且所述入射角大于所述导光板15的全反射角。
本发明实施例中，所述第一衬底基板11和第二衬底基板12可以采用光学玻璃或树脂等材料形成，当然，本发明对此不做限定。
本发明实施例中，液晶层13可以采用向列相液晶或蓝相液晶等，本发明也不做限定，只要能够保证可以通过调整施加在液晶层13上的驱动电压的大小，实现调整液晶层13对入射光的有效折射率的大小即可。所述液晶层13的异常光折射率为ne，平常光折射率为no，优选地，ne与no的差值Δn越大越好。
本发明实施例中，控制电极14包括公共电极141和像素电极142，请参考图1，公共电极141设置于第二衬底基板12上，像素电极142设置于第一衬底基板11上，即公共电极141和像素电极142分别设置在不同的衬底基板上。当然，公共电极141和像素电极的位置也可以互调，即公共电极141设置于第一衬底基板11上，像素电极142设置于第二衬底基板12上。另外，在本发明的其他一些实施例中，请参考图3，公共电极141和像素电极142也可以同时设置在第一衬底基板11上。图1-图4所示的实施例中，在一个像素单元内，公共电极141为面状电极，像素电极142为条状电极，当然，在本发明的其他一些实施例中，公共电极141也可以为条状电极，像素电极142为面状电极，或者，公共电极141和像素电极142均为条状电极。
本发明实施例中，导光板15一般采用透明材料形成，例如树脂(如PMMA)、光学玻璃等。导光板15的折射率小于所述光栅单元161的折射率。图1所示的实施例中，导光板15设置于第一衬底基板11上，导光板15和第一衬底基板11独立设置。由于导光板15采用的材料与第一衬底基板11能够使用相同的材料，因而导光板15也可以与第一衬底基板11复用，即导光板15同时作为第一衬底基板11，以降低显示装置的厚度，请参考图2、图3和图4所示的实施例。本发明实施例中，优选地，导光板15的厚度大于或等于0.5mm，以提供较佳的光线传输路径。
本发明实施例中，优选地，光栅单元161在第一衬底基板11上的正投影与所述像素电极142在所述第一衬底基板11上的正投影完全重叠，从而不影响光线的输出，请参考图1和图3。进一步优选地，光栅单元161可以与像素电极142相邻并叠加设置，更进一步优选地，光栅单元161还可以与像素电极142通过一次构图工艺形成，以节省制作显示装置的掩膜版数量。在本发明的其他一些实施例中，请参考图2，光栅单元161也可以与像素电极142复用，在节省掩模版的同时，还可以减小显示装置的厚度。图1-图3所示的实施例中，光栅单元161均为常用的垂直光栅，当然，在本发明的其他一些实施例中，如图4所示，光栅单元161也可以是倾斜光栅。
本发明实施例中，光源17为准直光源，包括多个单色光源171，不同的单色光源171发射不同颜色的单色光，所述多个单色光源171发射的单色光能够混合形成白光。图1-图4所示的实施例中，光源17包括3个单色光源，例如可以是红色光源、绿色光源和蓝色光源。当然，在本发明的其他一些实施例中，光源17中包括的单色光源171的个数不限于3个，光源17也不限于包括红色光源、绿色光源和蓝色光源。单色光源171发射的光线能够经由光学部件的处理入射至导光板15内，由于入射角大于导光板15的全发射角，因而光线能够在导光板15内全反射传输，并通过光栅层16耦合输出。本发明实施例中，由于光源17包括多个单色光源171，因而可以在一帧画面的显示时间内，控制所述多个单色光源171分时点亮，即多个单色光源171发射的光线分时入射至导光板15中，并由光栅单元161耦合输出，同时，由于每一所述光栅单元161对应所述显示装置的一像素单元，因而，多个单色光源171发射的单色光能够分时入射至同一像素单元中，不需要布局多个像素单元用于分别输出不同颜色的单色光，在不改变现有工艺难度的情况下，可以有效提高显示装置的PPI，使得该显示装置可以适用于近眼指向式显示等对PPI要求较高的场景。例如，采用红绿蓝混光的显示装置的PPI可以提高3倍。
同时，本发明实施例中，由于光源17提供的入射至光栅单元161中的光线为单色光，与现有技术中背光源提供的白光相比，不包括其他颜色的干扰光，提高了光效，并且光栅单元161对入射光的波长相当敏感，如果入射光为白光时，容易存在色散问题，入射光为单色光，则可以解决色散问题。
另外，本发明实施例中，光栅单元161的折射率n大于或等于液晶层的寻常光折射率no，小于或等于异常光折射率ne，优选地，光栅单元161的折射率选择no或ne。这样一来，可以通过向控制电极14加载驱动电压，驱动液晶层13中的液晶分子发生偏转，从而调整液晶层13对入射光的有效折射率的大小，当调整液晶层13对入射光的有效折射率与光栅单元161的折射率相等时，光栅单元161的不起作用，没有光线从光栅单元161输出，此时显示装置为暗态，即L0状态(请参考图9)。当调整液晶层13对入射光的有效折射率与光栅单元161的折射率之间的差值最大时，光栅单元161的作用的最明显，光线从光栅单元161中输出的效率最高，此时显示装置为亮态，即L255状态(请参考图10)，当液晶层13对入射光的有效折射率处于以上两种情况之外时，显示装置为其他灰阶状态。由于仅有偏振光(e光)才能感受到上述折射率的变化，而偏振光(o光)感受不到上述折射率的变化，所以该光栅单元161耦合出来的光为偏振的(e光)。也就是说，本发明实施例中，通过控制液晶层13对入射光的有效折射率的变化，能够调整液晶层13对入射光的有效折射率与光栅单元161的折射率之间的差值大小，进而能够控制光栅单元161的出光量，实现不同的灰阶显示。
本发明实施例中，如图1-图4所示，显示装置还可以包括：第一取向层18和第二取向层19，第一取向层18和第二取向层19分别设置于液晶层13的两侧，用于控制液晶分子的初始排列状态，确保液晶分子可以在施加驱动电压下按照预期的方式进行旋转，决定是常黑显示模式还是常白显示模式。
本发明的实施例中，优选地，同一所述光栅单元161将入射至所述导光板15中的不同颜色的单色光，以相同的出射角出射，从而提高显示效果。
本发明实施例中，优选地，所述显示装置可以包括多个像素分区，每一像素分区内包括至少一个像素单元，不同像素分区内的像素单元对应的光栅单元161的光栅参数不同，使得不同所述光栅单元161出射的光线汇聚至同一区域，从而实现近眼指向式显示。优选地的一种方式是，不同位置的像素单元对应的光栅单元161的结构不同，以提高显示效果。当然，这种方式工艺难度较大。为了降低工艺难度，优选地，每一像素分区内包括多个像素单元，多个像素单元对应的光栅单元161的光栅参数相同。
本发明实施例中，光栅参数可以包括光栅周期、光栅高度或占空比等。
请参考图5，图5所示的实施例中，不同像素分区内的像素单元对应的光栅单元161的光栅周期不同(即图中的P1、P2……Pn-1、Pn、P2’、Pn-1’、Pn’)，从而使得不同的所述光栅单元161出射的光线汇聚至人眼位置，实现近眼指向式显示。本发明实施例中，不同像素分区内的光栅周期不同，其他光栅参数可以相同，也可以不同，可以根据需要设置。
从图5中可以看出，每一像素分区内的像素单元对应的光栅单元161的出射角不同，光栅单元161中的出射角可以通过所述光栅单元161与人眼的位置计算得到。
本发明实施例中，所述光栅单元161对入射光衍射后的出射角可以采用如下公式计算：
sinγ–sinγ’＝mλ/P(m＝0,±1,±2,…)
其中，m为所述光栅单元的衍射波级次，P为所述光栅单元的光栅周期，λ为所述光栅单元的入射光的波长，γ为所述光栅单元的入射光的入射角，γ’为光栅单元对入射光衍射后的出射角。
如果显示装置为准直出射，γ’＝0，即：sinγ＝mλ/P(m＝0,±1,±2,…)。
从上述公式可以看出，如果固定像素位置处的光栅单元161的周期固定，分别给不同单色光源171设置不同的入射角，可以使得不同颜色的单色光以相同角度出射，而不同单色光源171发射的单色光的入射角，是由不同单色光源171在光学部件172的不同位置确定的，通过调整不同单色光源171的位置相对于光学部件172的位置，可以达到调整不同单色光的入射角的目的。
本发明实施例中，优选地，所述多个单色光源171分别设置于所述光学部件172的不同位置处，从而使得不同单色光源171发射的单色光的入射角不同，进一步使得不同颜色的单色光以相同角度出射。
下面首先对本发明实施例中的光源17的结构举例进行说明，进而说明如何设置光源17中的单色光源171与光学部件172的位置。
请参考图1-图4，本发明实施例中，所述光学部件172包括：具有局部抛物面的反射罩1721和由所述反射罩1721延伸而成的收拢罩1722，所述收拢罩1722的末端抵接至所述导光板15的侧面，收拢罩1722能够将反射罩1721反射的光线收拢至导光板15内，增加光效。优选地，收拢罩1722位于抛物面的最高点上。本发明实施例中，反射罩1721可以采用金属材料形成。
本发明实施例中，所述反射罩1721可以包括一反射罩本体以及涂覆在所述反射罩本体上的反射层，所述反射层可以设置于所述反射罩本体的外侧，也可以设置于所述反射罩本体的内侧。当所述反射层设置于所述反射罩本体的外侧时，优选地，所述反射罩本体的折射率与所述导光板15的折射率之差小于预设阈值，即所述反射罩本体的折射率与所述导光板15的折射率接近或相同，从而提高光效。
当然，在本发明的其他一些实施例中，光学部件也不排除为其他结构，只要其能够实现将不同单色光源171发射的光线以不同的入射角入射至导光板15内即可。
图1-图4所示的实施例中，所述光源17包括红色光源、绿色光源和蓝色光源。由于红色光线的波长最大，蓝色光线的波长最小，绿色光线的波长位于红色光线和蓝色光线之间，因而为了实现同一像素中各个波长的光线都以相同的角度出射，优选地，所述绿色光源发射的光线入射至导光板的入射角大于所述蓝色光源发射的光线入射至导光板的入射角，小于所述红色光源发射的光线入射至导光板的入射角。
请参考图6-图8，通过对反射罩的出光强度和出光角度的模拟实验，可以看出，通过调整单色光源的位置，可以调整反射罩的出光角度，其中，当所述绿色光源设置在所述反射罩的焦点位置时，反射罩的出光角度约为62～66度，出光强度最优，当红色光源设置在焦点位置左移200μm时，反射罩的出光角度约为67～73度，出光强度最优，蓝色光源设置在焦点位置右移200μm时，反射罩的出光角度约为50～61度，出光强度最优。
本发明实施例中，如图1-图4所示，优选地，所述光源17还包括反射片173，设置于所述单色光源171的出光侧相反的一侧，用于增加光效。
本发明实施例中的光源17可以为micro LED光源或OLED光源。当本发明实施例中的光源17为micro LED时，由于micro LED光源的波长半峰宽较窄，可用到15nm，因而可以有效降低色散，增加显示装置的视角。micro LED光源可以采用转印的方式形成。优选地，本发明实施例中的光源17的宽度小于200μm，从而减少光源的体积，实现显示装置的轻薄化。
本发明实施例还提供一种显示方法，应用于上述任一实施例中的显示装置，所述显示方法包括：在一帧画面的显示时间内，控制所述多个单色光源分时点亮。
本发明实施例中，优选地，所述控制所述多个单色光源分时点亮的步骤可以包括：控制每一所述单色光源点亮的时间相同，以提高显示效果。
本发明实施例中，优选地，所述控制所述多个单色光源分时点亮的步骤可以包括：控制每一所述单色光源的亮度相同，以提高显示效果。
请参考图11，在一具体实施例中，在1帧的显示时间内，背光信号包括：红色光源的控制信号(BLR)、绿色光源的控制信号(BLG)和蓝色光源的控制信号(BLB)，从图11中可以看出，红色光源、绿色光源和蓝色光源的点亮时间分别占1/3，且红色光源、绿色光源和蓝色光源的亮度相同。在一帧的显示时间内，显示面板(panel)信号包括：Gate(扫描)信号和Data(数据)信号，图11示出了显示装置在显示白色画面时，Data信号强度中红色、绿色和蓝色光线的比例为3:6:1。本发明实施例中，显示装置中除了光源之外的，其他部件组成的结构称为显示面板。
除非另作定义，本发明中使用的技术术语或者科学术语应当为本发明所属领域内具有一般技能的人士所理解的通常意义。本发明中使用的“第一”、“第二”以及类似的词语并不表示任何顺序、数量或者重要性，而只是用来区分不同的组成部分。连接”或者“相连”等类似的词语并非限定于物理的或者机械的连接，而是可以包括电性的连接，不管是直接的还是间接的。“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”等仅用于表示相对位置关系，当被描述对象的绝对位置改变后，则该相对位置关系也相应地改变。
以上所述是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明所述原理的前提下，还可以作出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (14)

1.一种显示装置，其特征在于，包括：
相对设置的第一衬底基板和第二衬底基板；
位于所述第一衬底基板上的导光板和光栅层，所述光栅层位于所述导光板朝向所第二衬底基板的一侧，所述光栅层包括多个光栅单元，每一所述光栅单元对应所述显示装置的一像素单元；
位于所述导光板侧面的光源，所述光源包括多个单色光源和光学部件，所述单色光源发射的光线经由所述光学部件以一入射角入射至所述导光板中，并由所述光栅单元出射，其中，发射不同颜色光线的所述单色光源对应的入射角不同，且所述入射角大于所述导光板的全反射角。
2.根据权利要求1所述的显示装置，其特征在于，
位于所述第一衬底基板和第二衬底基板之间的液晶层和控制电极，通过在所述控制电极上加载驱动电压，能够控制所述液晶层对入射光的有效折射率在ne和no之间变化，ne是所述液晶层的异常光折射率，no为所述液晶层的平常光折射率；
所述光栅单元的折射率为n，no≤n≤ne。
3.根据权利要求1所述的显示装置，其特征在于，
同一所述光栅单元将入射至所述导光板中的不同颜色的单色光，以相同的出射角出射。
4.根据权利要求1或3所述的显示装置，其特征在于，
所述显示装置包括多个像素分区，每一像素分区内包括至少一个像素单元，不同像素分区内的像素单元对应的光栅单元的光栅参数不同，使得不同所述光栅单元出射的光线汇聚至同一区域。
5.根据权利要求4所述的显示装置，其特征在于，所述光栅单元对入射光衍射后的出射角采用如下公式计算：
sinγ–sinγ’＝mλ/P(m＝0,±1,±2,…)
其中，m为所述光栅单元的衍射波级次，P为所述光栅单元的光栅周期，λ为所述光栅单元的入射光的波长，γ为所述光栅单元的入射光的入射角，γ’为所述光栅单元对入射光衍射后的出射角。
6.根据权利要求1所述的显示装置，其特征在于，所述第二衬底基板位于所述显示装置的出光侧，所述导光板与所述第一衬底基板复用。
7.根据权利要求1所述的显示装置，其特征在于，所述光源为micro LED光源或OLED光源。
8.根据权利要求1所述的显示装置，其特征在于，所述多个单色光源分别设置于所述光学部件的不同位置处。
9.根据权利要求1或8所述的显示装置，其特征在于，所述光学部件包括：具有局部抛物面的反射罩和由所述反射罩延伸而成的收拢罩，所述收拢罩的末端抵接至所述导光板的侧面。
10.根据权利要求9所述的显示装置，其特征在于，所述光源包括红色光源、绿色光源和蓝色光源，所述绿色光源设置在所述反射罩的焦点位置，所述绿色光源发射的光线入射至所述导光板的入射角大于所述蓝色光源发射的光线入射至所述导光板的入射角，小于所述红色光源发射的光线入射至所述导光板的入射角。
11.根据权利要求2所述的显示装置，其特征在于，所述控制电极包括：公共电极和像素电极，所述公共电极或像素电极其中之一为条状电极，且设置于所述第一衬底基板上，所述光栅与所述条状电极复用。
12.一种显示方法，其特征在于，应用于如权利要求1-11任一项所述的显示装置，所述显示方法包括：
在一帧画面的显示时间内，控制所述多个单色光源分时点亮。
13.根据权利要求12所述的显示方法，其特征在于，所述控制所述多个单色光源分时点亮的步骤包括：
控制每一所述单色光源点亮的时间相同。
14.根据权利要求12或13所述的显示方法，其特征在于，所述控制所述多个单色光源分时点亮的步骤包括：
控制每一所述单色光源的亮度相同。
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