CN108315027B - Carbonization and pulverization integrated method and system for carbonaceous biomass material - Google Patents
Carbonization and pulverization integrated method and system for carbonaceous biomass material Download PDFInfo
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- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 111
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 97
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 85
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000010000 carbonizing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011362 coarse particle Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims 3
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 206010021143 Hypoxia Diseases 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011269 tar Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 2
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000012766 Cannabis sativa ssp. sativa var. sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000012765 Cannabis sativa ssp. sativa var. spontanea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000219146 Gossypium Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000020551 Helianthus annuus Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000003222 Helianthus annuus Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003916 acid precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004887 air purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000009120 camo Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000005607 chanvre indien Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000012824 chemical production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011487 hemp Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003116 impacting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013067 intermediate product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002521 macromolecule Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003384 small molecules Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011276 wood tar Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C19/00—Other disintegrating devices or methods
- B02C19/06—Jet mills
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
- B04C—APPARATUS USING FREE VORTEX FLOW, e.g. CYCLONES
- B04C5/00—Apparatus in which the axial direction of the vortex is reversed
- B04C5/24—Multiple arrangement thereof
- B04C5/26—Multiple arrangement thereof for series flow
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B49/00—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated
- C10B49/02—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated with hot gases or vapours, e.g. hot gases obtained by partial combustion of the charge
- C10B49/04—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated with hot gases or vapours, e.g. hot gases obtained by partial combustion of the charge while moving the solid material to be treated
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B57/00—Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B57/00—Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general
- C10B57/08—Non-mechanical pretreatment of the charge, e.g. desulfurization
- C10B57/10—Drying
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/141—Feedstock
- Y02P20/145—Feedstock the feedstock being materials of biological origin
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a carbonization and pulverization integrated method and a carbonization and pulverization integrated system for carbonaceous biomass materials, wherein the carbonization and pulverization integrated method comprises the following steps: 1) Carbonizing materials: under the high-temperature anoxic condition, biomass materials and hot carrier gas form turbulent flow of the materials to carry out carbonization reaction, so as to generate pyrolysis gas and biomass charcoal; 2) Pulverizing biomass charcoal: biomass charcoal enters the lower part of the carbonization powder making device to form material rotational flow with hot carrier gas, and simultaneously, the biomass charcoal is crushed into charcoal powder; 3) Heat exchange of carbon powder: the carbon powder rises along with the air flow to generate heat exchange with turbulent flow of materials, and the carbon powder after heat exchange continuously rises along with the air flow to form carbon powder rotational flow to further generate heat exchange; 4) First-stage gas-solid separation: separating coarse carbon powder and mixed gas containing fine carbon powder; 5) Second-stage gas-solid separation: separating fine carbon powder and mixed gas. The invention adopts the carbonization and pulverization integrated method, can rapidly dry, carbonize and pulverization integrated treatment of the carbonaceous materials, and has simple system structure and reliable operation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of biomass pyrolysis carbonization, in particular to a carbonization and pulverization integrated method and a carbonization and pulverization integrated system for carbonaceous biomass materials.
Background
Biomass energy is an ideal renewable energy source and has the following characteristics: (1) regenerability; (2) Low pollutionSex (biomass sulfur content, nitrogen content is low, SO produced in combustion process) 2 、NO 2 When biomass is used as fuel, the net emission of carbon dioxide is approximately zero, so that the greenhouse effect can be effectively reduced; (3) broad distribution. The region lacking coal can fully utilize biomass energy, so that the biomass is used as an alternative energy source to improve the atmosphere acid rain environment. Reducing the carbon dioxide content of the atmosphere and thus reducing the "greenhouse effect" is of great benefit. Low sulfur and CO of biomass energy 2 The zero emission of (2) makes biomass a research hotspot for energy production.
Biomass carbonization refers to a process of processing biomass (straw: plant stalks of cotton, hemp, sunflower and the like, forestry waste and wood processing residues) by a certain process and generating products and byproducts through chemical reaction. Incomplete thermal degradation of biomass occurs without air, oxygen deficiency to produce char and condensable liquids, and the like. The common way to convert low-grade biomass energy into high-grade energy is to carbonize the biomass energy, and the main method is as follows: intermittent carbonization in a carbonization kiln, closed pot carbonization and carbonization, but the carbonization time is long, the degree of automation is low, the quality of carbonized products is low, the production environment is bad, and the quality of the products is seriously dependent on the experience of workers and the like. The existing rotary carbonization furnace has the defects of low carbonization efficiency, excessively complex structure, excessively high equipment cost, poor economy and the like, and is accompanied with the harmful conditions of gas explosion, wood tar, wood acetic acid condensation blocking of pipelines and the like caused by synthesis gas leakage.
The current technology for preparing carbon powder from biomass mostly adopts the technological route of raw materials, drying, crushing, carbonization, crushing and packaging, wherein the carbonization step also adopts three sections for low-temperature, medium-temperature and high-temperature carbonization, and the carbonization powder preparation technology has the advantages of complex system, difficult operation, high carbon loss rate, energy conservation and environmental protection.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an integrated carbonization and pulverization method and system for carbonaceous biomass materials, wherein carbonization and pulverization are combined, rapid carbonization and pulverization of biomass materials can be realized, and the method is simple in system, easy to operate, environment-friendly and energy-saving, and reliable in industrialization.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the carbonization and pulverization integrated method for the carbonaceous biomass material provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
1) Carbonizing materials: under the high-temperature anoxic condition, the biomass material is sent into the middle part of the carbonization powder making device, forms material turbulence with hot carrier gas sprayed from the bottom of the carbonization powder making device, carries out carbonization reaction, generates pyrolysis gas and simultaneously obtains biomass carbon;
2) Pulverizing biomass charcoal: biomass charcoal enters the lower part of the carbonization powder making device under the action of dead weight, forms material rotational flow with hot carrier gas sprayed from the bottom of the carbonization powder making device, and simultaneously carries out crushing and impact treatment on the biomass charcoal to prepare charcoal powder;
3) Heat exchange of carbon powder: the carbon powder escaping from the lower part of the carbonization powder making device is subjected to heat exchange with turbulent flow of the material in the step 1) in the process of rising along with the air flow, and the carbon powder after heat exchange continuously rises to the upper part of the carbonization powder making device along with the air flow to form carbon powder cyclone flow, so that heat exchange is further performed;
4) First-stage gas-solid separation: the carbon powder escaping from the top of the carbonization powder making device enters a first-stage separator along with air flow to carry out first-stage gas-solid separation treatment, and coarse-particle carbon powder and mixed gas containing fine-particle carbon powder are separated;
5) Second-stage gas-solid separation: and (3) sending the mixed gas containing the fine granular carbon powder into a second-stage separator, and carrying out second-stage gas-solid separation treatment to separate the fine granular carbon powder and the mixed gas.
Further, in the step 1), the temperature of the carbonization reaction is 200-800 ℃.
Preferably, in the step 1), the carbonization reaction temperature is 200 to 500 ℃.
Further, in the step 2), the biomass charcoal is subjected to crushing and impacting treatment by using a rotary crushing cutter, the rotation speed of the crushing cutter is 800-20000 revolutions per minute, and the particle size of the prepared charcoal powder is less than or equal to 2mm.
Further, in the step 4), the particle size of the coarse carbon powder is 1-2 mm, and the particle size of the fine carbon powder is less than 1mm.
Further, in the step 4) and the step 5), the mixed gas is a mixed gas of a hot carrier gas and a pyrolysis gas; the hot carrier gas is one or more of carbon dioxide, water vapor and nitrogen, and the pyrolysis gas is one or more mixed gas of carbon monoxide, hydrogen, methane, ethane and tar gas.
Further, in the step 4), the mixed gas containing the fine-particle carbon powder is divided into two parts, the first part of mixed gas containing the fine-particle carbon powder is sent to the step 5) for gas-solid separation, and the second part of mixed gas containing the fine-particle carbon powder is directly discharged and applied to hydroliquefaction, gasification or combustion power generation.
In step 5), the mixed gas is divided into two parts, the first part of mixed gas is sent to step 1) for carbonization reaction, and the second part of mixed gas is converged with the second part of mixed gas containing fine particle carbon powder in step 4) and then is applied to hydroliquefaction, gasification or combustion power generation.
The invention also provides a carbonization and pulverization integrated system for the carbonaceous biomass material designed for realizing the method, which comprises a carbonization and pulverization device, a first-stage separator and a second-stage separator, wherein the middle part of the carbonization and pulverization device is provided with a biomass feed inlet for the biomass material to enter, the bottom of the carbonization and pulverization device is provided with an air inlet for supplying heat carrier gas along the tangential direction of the outer wall, and the top of the carbonization and pulverization device is provided with a mixture outlet for supplying carbon powder and mixed gas to be output along the tangential direction of the outer wall;
the mixture outlet of carbonization powder making device is connected with the mixture inlet of first level separator, the discharge gate of first level separator is connected with the feed inlet of second level separator, still be provided with on the first level separator and be used for supplying coarse grain carbon powder exhaust first carbon powder discharge port, still be provided with on the second level separator and be used for supplying fine grain carbon powder exhaust second carbon powder discharge port and be used for supplying mixture exhaust gas vent, the gas vent of second level separator is connected with carbonization powder making device's air inlet.
Further, a first branch is arranged on a pipeline between a discharge port of the first-stage separator and a feed port of the second-stage separator, a second branch is arranged on a pipeline between an exhaust port of the second-stage separator and an air inlet of the carbonization powder making device, and the first branch and the second branch are connected with an external conveying pipe system after being converged.
Further, the carbonization powder making device comprises a shell and a cyclone plate arranged at the lower part of the inner cavity of the shell, a crushing cutter capable of rotating at a high speed is arranged above the cyclone plate, a biomass feed inlet is arranged above the crushing cutter, and an air inlet is arranged below the cyclone plate.
Further, the swirl plate comprises an annular sloping plate fixed with the inner wall of the shell and a solid flat plate arranged on the inner ring of the annular sloping plate, and a plurality of through holes for spraying heat supply carrier gas are formed in the annular sloping plate along the circumferential direction of the annular sloping plate.
Still further, the bottom of carbonization powder process unit is provided with the driving motor who is used for driving crushing cutter rotatory.
Further, the first stage separator is a cyclone separator, and the second stage separator is a dust remover.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
firstly, the invention adopts a carbonization and powder preparation integrated method, can carry out rapid drying, carbonization and powder preparation integrated treatment on biomass carbon-containing materials, has simple system structure and reliable operation, does not have intermediate product transportation in the whole process, and can integrally and rapidly prepare biomass carbon powder products.
Secondly, the invention combines the characteristics of easy volatilization of biomass materials by heating and easy pulverization of biomass charcoal, under the action of hot carrier gas, biomass is in the carbonization pulverization device, the complementary advantages of two steps of carbonization and pulverization are realized, the airflow flow distribution in the device is reasonable, and the energy can be fully applied.
Thirdly, the invention adopts a pyrolysis carbonization mode combining turbulence and rotational flow, the device can effectively crush biomass charcoal to the granularity below 2mm, and biomass charcoal particles are fully pyrolyzed, and charcoal powder quality is high.
Fourth, the invention can use pyrolysis gas to supplement energy of system heat carrier gas, and can also combine various waste heat as energy source of pyrolysis carbonization, the system is energy-saving and environment-friendly, and the consumption of high-level energy sources such as a large amount of electric energy is avoided.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an integrated carbonization and pulverization system for carbonaceous biomass materials;
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along the direction A-A in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the structure of FIG. 1 taken along the direction B-B;
in the figure, carbonization powder making device 1 (biomass feed inlet 1.1, air inlet 1.2, mixture outlet 1.3, shell 1.4, swirl plate 1.5, annular sloping plate 1.51, solid flat plate 1.52, through hole 1.53, crushing cutter 1.6, driving motor 1.7), first-stage separator 2 (mixture inlet 2.1, discharge outlet 2.2, first carbon powder discharge outlet 2.3), second-stage separator 3 (feed inlet 3.1, second carbon powder discharge outlet 3.2, air outlet 3.3), first branch 4.1, second branch 4.2.
Detailed Description
The invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and to specific examples.
The carbonization and pulverization integrated system for the carbonaceous biomass materials shown in figures 1-3 comprises a carbonization and pulverization device 1, a first-stage separator 2 and a second-stage separator 3. In this embodiment, the first stage separator 2 is a cyclone separator, and the second stage separator 3 is a dust collector. The middle part of the carbonization powder making device 1 is provided with a biomass feed inlet 1.1 for feeding biomass materials, the bottom of the carbonization powder making device 1 is provided with an air inlet 1.2 for feeding heat carrier gas along the tangential direction of the outer wall, and the top of the carbonization powder making device 1 is provided with a mixture outlet 1.3 for feeding carbon powder and outputting mixed gas along the tangential direction of the outer wall; the mixture outlet 1.3 of carbonization powder making device 1 is connected with the mixture inlet 2.1 of first-stage separator 2, and the discharge gate 2.2 of first-stage separator 2 is connected with the feed inlet 3.1 of second-stage separator 3, still is provided with the first carbon powder discharge port 2.3 that is used for supplying coarse grain carbon powder to discharge on the first-stage separator 2, still is provided with the second carbon powder discharge port 3.2 that is used for supplying fine grain carbon powder to discharge on the second-stage separator 3 and is used for supplying gas mixture to discharge's gas vent 3.3, and the gas vent 3.3 of second-stage separator 3 is connected with the air inlet 1.2 of carbonization powder making device 1. A first branch 4.1 is arranged on a pipeline between a discharge port 2.2 of the first-stage separator 2 and a feed port 3.1 of the second-stage separator 3, a second branch 4.2 is arranged on a pipeline between an exhaust port 3.3 of the second-stage separator 3 and an air inlet 1.2 of the carbonization powder preparation device 1, and the first branch 4.1 and the second branch 4.2 are connected with an external conveying pipeline after being converged.
Among the above-mentioned technical scheme, carbomorphism powder process unit 1 includes casing 1.4 and sets up the whirl board 1.5 in casing 1.4 inner chamber lower part, and the top of whirl board 1.5 is provided with the crushing cutter 1.6 that can high-speed rotation, and carbomorphism powder process unit 1's bottom is provided with the driving motor 1.7 that is used for driving crushing cutter 1.6 rotatory. The biomass feed inlet 1.1 is positioned above the crushing cutter 1.6, and the air inlet 1.2 is positioned below the cyclone plate 1.5. The swirl plate 1.5 comprises an annular sloping plate 1.51 fixed with the inner wall of the shell 1.4 and a solid flat plate 1.52 arranged on the inner ring of the annular sloping plate 1.51, and a plurality of through holes 1.53 for jetting heat supply carrier gas are formed in the annular sloping plate 1.51 along the circumferential direction of the annular sloping plate.
The method for utilizing the carbonization and pulverization integrated system for the carbonaceous biomass material takes forestry timber with the water content of 20% as biomass material as an example, and comprises the following steps:
1) Carbonizing materials: under the condition of high temperature and oxygen deficiency, biomass materials (the particle size is 50-200 mm) are sent into the middle part of the carbonization powder making device 1, and firstly, hot carrier gas (the hot carrier gas is one or more of carbon dioxide, water vapor and nitrogen) with high temperature from bottom to top is sprayed into the bottom of the carbonization powder making device 1 to form material turbulence, the biomass materials and the hot carrier gas undergo strong gas-solid mixing heat exchange to carry out carbonization reaction, and the source of the hot carrier gas can be waste heat of an external system, or can adopt various forms such as combustion heat of pyrolysis gas circulation, combustion heat of carbon powder circulation, electric heating, electromagnetic heating, plasma heating, biomass combustion heat, biomass gasification heat and the like. Preferably, the hot carrier gas is pyrolysis gas from step 5) after the second stage gas-solid separation treatment. Because biomass has the characteristic of being easily decomposed by heat, particularly in the interval of the device, biomass materials are quickly heated to a higher reaction temperature under the condition of lack of oxygen, so that the decomposition of macromolecules is initiated, and pyrolysis gas (combustible gas of small molecules, condensable volatile matters, such as mixed gas containing one or more of carbon monoxide, hydrogen, methane, ethane and tar gas) and biomass charcoal are generated. Biomass materials are pyrolyzed at a heating rate of 100-200 ℃/s to obtain two products, namely biomass charcoal and pyrolysis gas, the yield of the biomass charcoal is slightly different according to the content of fixed carbon in the industrial analysis of the biomass materials, the pyrolysis yield of the biomass charcoal in the embodiment is 20-35%, the calorific value of the biomass charcoal is 4000-5500 kcal/kg, the porosity is 60-90%, the reactivity is 60-90%, and the biomass charcoal is very good activated charcoal and chemical reaction raw materials.
2) Pulverizing biomass charcoal: biomass charcoal enters the lower part of the carbonization pulverizing device 1 under the action of dead weight, high-temperature hot carrier gas with the temperature higher than 500 ℃ is sprayed out of through holes of a cyclone plate in a cyclone zone at the lower part of the carbonization pulverizing device 1 at high speed, the through holes are obliquely arranged in a circumferential direction, the high-speed spraying of air flow is realized to push the biomass charcoal to flow in the bottom zone, the outlet speed of the hot carrier gas is between 30 and 100m/s, forward material cyclone flow is formed, the pyrolyzed biomass charcoal is pushed to form a cyclone field at the bottom, meanwhile, a crushing cutter with multi-layer dip angle arrangement is arranged at the bottom cyclone section, the crushing cutter can be connected with an external driving motor through a rotating shaft, the crushing cutter is driven to rotate at high speed through the driving motor, the rotating speed of the crushing cutter is 800-20000 revolutions per minute, the speed of the biomass charcoal impact cyclone is 30-100 m/s, the biomass charcoal pushed by the cyclone is cut and impacted by the crushing cutter rotating at high speed in a reverse direction to crush the charcoal powder with the particle size less than or equal to 2mm (preferably, the charcoal powder with the particle size less than 1mm accounts for 90-95%, more preferably, the charcoal powder with the particle size less than 0.5mm accounts for 50-80%). The direction of the rotational flow formed by the hot carrier gas entering the carbonization powder making device 1 is opposite to the rotating direction of the rotating blade, the attraction force generated by the rotational flow formed by the high-speed air flow is used for forcedly adsorbing the biomass charcoal to be positioned at the bottom area of the carbonization powder making device 1, a high-concentration material gathering field is formed, a crushing field which is convenient for the rotational cutting and impact of the biomass charcoal can be formed at the bottom area, compared with the biomass material, the biomass material contains a large amount of cellulose components and is not easy to directly prepare powder, the formed biomass charcoal has very good crushing characteristics after the biomass pyrolysis carbonization, the biomass charcoal is very fragile in texture in the temperature range, the crushing is easy, repeated impact, rolling and other crushing forms are not needed, so the abrasion to a crushing cutter is less during the crushing, and the energy consumption is lower.
3) Heat exchange of carbon powder: the broken carbon powder with the grain diameter less than or equal to 2mm escapes from the lower part of the carbonization powder making device 1 and rises along with the air flow, and as the air flow speed is greater than the critical carrying speed of the grains, the carbon powder enters the reaction zone in the middle part of the carbonization powder making device 1 again along with the rising of the air flow to form turbulent flow, and the carbon powder can carry out intense heat and mass transfer exchange again in the turbulent flow zone, so that on one hand, biomass materials which are newly fed into the furnace are dried and carbonized, on the other hand, the carbon powder can carry out intense heat and mass transfer exchange with the turbulent flow of the materials, and part of the carbon powder can carry out secondary carbonization reaction in a high-steam environment, thereby further improving the high microporosity of the surface of the grains and improving the reactivity of the carbon powder to more than 90%. The mixed gas containing the carbon powder after heat exchange flows out of the turbulent flow interval of the material and enters the upper part of the carbonization powder making device 1, a tangential airflow outlet is arranged at the upper part of the device, the tangential airflow is guided to perform tangential cyclone movement by the airflow through the outlet, and the carbon powder after heat exchange continuously rises to the upper part of the carbonization powder making device 1 along with the airflow to form carbon powder cyclone, so that heat exchange further occurs; simultaneously, the carbon powder with the particle size larger than 2mm carried in the air flow is subjected to simple gas-solid separation in the device under the action of rotational flow and gravity, and large-particle-size particles can be trapped in the device under the dual action of rotational flow and gravity, so that the carrying-out of large-particle-size particles which are not crushed is reduced, biomass materials enter the carbonization powder making device 1 and are carbonized, pulverized and heat-exchanged until finally escape along with the air flow, and the residence time in the carbonization powder making device 1 is 30-60 s. .
4) First-stage gas-solid separation: the carbon powder escaping from the top of the carbonization powder making device 1 enters a first-stage separator 2 along with air flow to carry out first-stage gas-solid separation treatment, the particle materials with the particle size smaller than the set particle size carried by the mixed gas are subjected to gas-solid separation in the first-stage separator 2, coarse-particle carbon powder (with the particle size of 1-2 mm) is separated, the coarse-particle carbon powder is led out and collected from the bottom of the first-stage separator 2, and the mixed gas containing fine-particle carbon powder (with the particle size smaller than 1 mm) is discharged from the top of the first-stage separator 2.
5) Second-stage gas-solid separation: the mixed gas containing fine granular carbon powder is divided into two parts, the first part of mixed gas containing fine granular carbon powder is sent to a second-stage separator 3 (preferably a dust remover, the aperture of a filter element is 0.01-0.1 mm), the second-stage gas-solid separation treatment is carried out, the fine granular carbon powder and the mixed gas are separated, the fine granular carbon powder is collected and can be used as printer powder or water purification, air purification, sea oil leakage sea water purification and other various application occasions, the clean mixed gas can also be divided into two parts, the first part of mixed gas is pressurized and conveyed by a pressurizing pump, the first part of mixed gas is circularly sent to the step 1) for carbonization reaction, and the mixed gas of the second part of mixed gas and the second part of mixed gas containing the fine granular carbon powder is converged and then applied to processes of hydrogenation liquefaction, gasification or combustion power generation, or chemical production of carbon-containing raw materials, direct preparation of liquid fuel and the like.
The foregoing is merely exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and it should be noted that any changes and substitutions that can be easily understood by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention should be covered in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. An integrated carbonization and pulverization method for carbonaceous biomass materials is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
1) Carbonizing materials: under the high-temperature anoxic condition, the biomass material is sent into the middle part of the carbonization powder making device, forms material turbulence with hot carrier gas sprayed from the bottom of the carbonization powder making device, carries out carbonization reaction, generates pyrolysis gas and simultaneously obtains biomass carbon; wherein the temperature of the carbonization reaction is 200-800 ℃;
2) Pulverizing biomass charcoal: biomass charcoal enters the lower part of the carbonization powder making device under the action of dead weight, forms material rotational flow with hot carrier gas sprayed from the bottom of the carbonization powder making device, and simultaneously carries out crushing and impact treatment on the biomass charcoal to prepare charcoal powder; wherein, the biomass charcoal is crushed and impacted by a rotary crushing cutter, the rotation speed of the crushing cutter is 800-20000 revolutions per minute, and the grain diameter of the prepared charcoal powder is less than or equal to 2mm;
3) Heat exchange of carbon powder: the carbon powder escaping from the lower part of the carbonization powder making device is subjected to heat exchange with turbulent flow of the material in the step 1) in the process of rising along with the air flow, and the carbon powder after heat exchange continuously rises to the upper part of the carbonization powder making device along with the air flow to form carbon powder cyclone flow, so that heat exchange is further performed;
4) First-stage gas-solid separation: the carbon powder escaping from the top of the carbonization powder making device enters a first-stage separator along with air flow to carry out first-stage gas-solid separation treatment, and coarse-particle carbon powder and mixed gas containing fine-particle carbon powder are separated; the mixed gas containing the fine-particle carbon powder is divided into two parts, wherein the first part of mixed gas containing the fine-particle carbon powder is sent into the step 5) for gas-solid separation, and the second part of mixed gas containing the fine-particle carbon powder is directly discharged and applied to hydroliquefaction, gasification or combustion power generation; the particle size of the coarse particle carbon powder is 1-2 mm, and the particle size of the fine particle carbon powder is less than 1mm;
5) Second-stage gas-solid separation: sending the mixed gas containing the fine granular carbon powder into a second-stage separator for second-stage gas-solid separation treatment to separate fine granular carbon powder and the mixed gas; the mixed gas is divided into two parts, the first part of mixed gas is sent into the step 1) for carbonization reaction, and the second part of mixed gas is converged with the second part of mixed gas containing fine particle carbon powder in the step 4) and then is applied to hydroliquefaction, gasification or combustion power generation.
2. The integrated carbonization and pulverization method for carbonaceous biomass materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step 4) and the step 5), the mixed gas is a mixed gas of hot carrier gas and pyrolysis gas; the hot carrier gas is one or more of carbon dioxide, water vapor and nitrogen; the pyrolysis gas is a mixed gas containing one or more of carbon monoxide, hydrogen, methane, ethane and tar gas.
3. An integrated carbonization and pulverization system for carbonaceous biomass materials designed for realizing the method as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the device comprises a carbonization powder preparation device (1), a first-stage separator (2) and a second-stage separator (3), wherein a biomass feed inlet (1.1) for feeding biomass materials is formed in the middle of the carbonization powder preparation device (1), an air inlet (1.2) for feeding heat supply carrier gas is formed in the bottom of the carbonization powder preparation device (1) along the tangential direction of the outer wall, and a mixture outlet (1.3) for feeding carbon powder and outputting mixed gas is formed in the top of the carbonization powder preparation device (1) along the tangential direction of the outer wall;
the carbonization powder making device is characterized in that a mixture outlet (1.3) of the carbonization powder making device (1) is connected with a mixture inlet (2.1) of a first-stage separator (2), a discharge outlet (2.2) of the first-stage separator (2) is connected with a feed inlet (3.1) of a second-stage separator (3), a first carbon powder discharge outlet (2.3) for discharging coarse-grain carbon powder is further arranged on the first-stage separator (2), a second carbon powder discharge outlet (3.2) for discharging fine-grain carbon powder and an exhaust outlet (3.3) for discharging mixed gas are further arranged on the second-stage separator (3), and the exhaust outlet (3.3) of the second-stage separator (3) is connected with an air inlet (1.2) of the carbonization powder making device (1).
4. The carbonaceous biomass material carbonization milling integrated system as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the novel carbonization powder preparation device is characterized in that a first branch (4.1) is arranged on a pipeline between a discharge port (2.2) of the first-stage separator (2) and a feed port (3.1) of the second-stage separator (3), a second branch (4.2) is arranged on a pipeline between an exhaust port (3.3) of the second-stage separator (3) and an air inlet (1.2) of the carbonization powder preparation device (1), and the first branch (4.1) and the second branch (4.2) are connected with an external conveying pipeline after being converged.
5. The carbonization and pulverization integrated system for carbonaceous biomass materials according to claim 3 or 4, wherein: the carbonization pulverizing device (1) comprises a shell (1.4) and a cyclone plate (1.5) arranged at the lower part of an inner cavity of the shell (1.4), a crushing cutter (1.6) capable of rotating at a high speed is arranged above the cyclone plate (1.5), a biomass feeding port (1.1) is arranged above the crushing cutter (1.6), and an air inlet (1.2) is arranged below the cyclone plate (1.5).
6. The carbonization and pulverization integrated system for carbonaceous biomass materials according to claim 5, wherein: the cyclone plate (1.5) comprises an annular inclined plate (1.51) fixed with the inner wall of the shell (1.4) and a solid flat plate (1.52) arranged on the inner ring of the annular inclined plate (1.51), wherein a plurality of through holes (1.53) for spraying heat supply carrier gas are formed in the annular inclined plate (1.51) along the circumferential direction of the annular inclined plate.
7. The carbonization and pulverization integrated system for carbonaceous biomass materials as set forth in claim 6, wherein: the bottom of the carbonization powder making device (1) is provided with a driving motor (1.7) for driving the crushing cutter (1.6) to rotate.
8. The carbonization and pulverization integrated system for carbonaceous biomass materials according to claim 3 or 4, wherein: the first-stage separator (2) is a cyclone separator, and the second-stage separator (3) is a dust remover.
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| CN113893934A (en) * | 2021-09-23 | 2022-01-07 | 王相春 | Mechanical impact mill |
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