CN108176703B - Harmless treatment method and system for multi-element waste - Google Patents
Harmless treatment method and system for multi-element waste Download PDFInfo
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- CN108176703B CN108176703B CN201810140436.9A CN201810140436A CN108176703B CN 108176703 B CN108176703 B CN 108176703B CN 201810140436 A CN201810140436 A CN 201810140436A CN 108176703 B CN108176703 B CN 108176703B
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- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 25
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- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 claims description 7
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- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 5
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- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims description 3
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- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
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- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
- B09B3/40—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless involving thermal treatment, e.g. evaporation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE
- B09B5/00—Operations not covered by a single other subclass or by a single other group in this subclass
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE
- B09B2101/00—Type of solid waste
- B09B2101/02—Gases or liquids enclosed in discarded articles, e.g. aerosol cans or cooling systems of refrigerators
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/20—Waste processing or separation
Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a system for harmless treatment of multiple wastes, wherein the method comprises the following steps: 1) Pretreatment; 2) Drying and pulverizing: drying the filter cake and the hot carrier gas under the condition of negative pressure by combining turbulent flow heating and cyclone drying, wherein the drying temperature is 40-500 ℃, and simultaneously, reversely cutting and impacting the filter cake along the opposite direction of the hot carrier gas flow by utilizing a rotary cutter, so that the filter cake is quickly dried and crushed into powder waste; 3) Gas-solid separation; 4) Gasifying and carrying out harmless treatment on waste residues; 5) Recovering heat and performing harmless treatment on the synthesis gas; 6) Performing harmless treatment on tail gas; 7) And (5) wastewater treatment. The invention adopts low-temperature negative pressure drying technology to carry out quick drying treatment on waste materials such as organic waste liquid, and can quickly prepare fluid waste into powder waste materials, so that the powder waste materials can be used as a raw material of a slag gasifier, the synergistic gasification combustion of multiple materials can be realized, and the pollution-free treatment of waste materials can be realized efficiently.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a solid waste recycling treatment technology, in particular to a method and a system for harmless treatment of multiple wastes.
Background
In the running process of a sewage treatment plant, the sludge yield is huge, and meanwhile, most harmful substances in the sewage remain in the sludge, so that the pollution caused by the sludge is thoroughly solved. The traditional sludge treatment methods mainly comprise landfill, incineration, sea discharge, agriculture and the like, but the traditional treatment methods have a plurality of defects: the sludge is buried, a large amount of land is occupied, and toxic substances contained in the sludge exude to affect water and soil resources; incineration of sludge, which contains a large amount of harmful substances, inevitably generates a large amount of harmful substances during the combustion process, such as: nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, dioxin and other substances, thereby causing secondary pollution to the ecological environment and seriously affecting the public health; the sludge is discharged from the sea, if the sludge is improperly treated and directly discharged from the sea, serious pollution is caused to biological resources such as fishes in the sea, and the marine ecological environment is destroyed; the sludge is agricultural, the sludge is prepared into organic fertilizer and is sold as a product, but the sludge contains more toxic and harmful substances, and the product can pollute crops, so that the industrial popularization is difficult.
In addition, compared with sludge incineration, the existing sludge pyrolysis technology heats sludge under anaerobic environment conditions, so that organic matters in the sludge are subjected to thermal cracking and thermochemical decomposition reaction to generate pyrolysis gas, pyrolysis liquid and pyrolysis carbon, and no pollution gas is discharged due to the heating under closed anaerobic conditions; most heavy metal particles remain in pyrolytic carbon, so that the pollution to the environment is reduced, pyrolysis liquid and pyrolysis gas can be used as energy sources for pyrolysis, the pyrolytic carbon can be used as an adsorbent for sewage and waste gas treatment, the operation cost is obviously lower than that of incineration, tar can be generated in the pyrolysis process, great harm can be generated to production and human health, carbon black is easily generated when the tar is combusted, and equipment is seriously damaged, such as: the pyrolysis process of the sludge rotary kiln has the advantages that the yield of tar is high, pipelines, corrosion equipment and the like are easy to block, the shutdown and maintenance are frequent, and a complex oil-water separation and purification device is needed at the rear end, so that the investment is greatly increased. The existing sludge pyrolysis gasification equipment mainly comprises an external heat horizontal reactor and a fluidized bed process, however, because the water content of the sludge is very high, the water content of the wet sludge dehydrated from a sewage treatment plant is as high as 80%, so that the sludge treatment process with higher water content has a plurality of defects in the operation process, the wet sludge is directly used as a raw material, the phenomena of hardening, wall sticking and the like easily occur in the reactor, the equipment is difficult to continuously operate, and the sludge conversion efficiency is low; and dry sludge is used as a raw material, so that a large amount of energy is consumed for the early sludge drying pretreatment.
Therefore, the existing sludge treatment method can not meet the technical requirements of sludge treatment or solve the problem that sludge is harmful to the environment and human beings, so that the method has important practical significance for the research and development of a novel technology for sludge treatment.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method and a system for harmless treatment of multi-element waste, wherein the method can be used for converting the waste into gasification raw materials after quick drying treatment, so as to realize harmless utilization.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a harmless treatment method of a multi-element waste comprises the following steps:
1) Pretreatment: pretreating organic fluid waste to prepare a preliminary dried filter cake;
2) Drying and pulverizing: drying the filter cake and the hot carrier gas under the condition of negative pressure by combining turbulent flow heating and cyclone drying, wherein the drying temperature is 40-500 ℃, and simultaneously, reversely cutting and impacting the filter cake along the opposite direction of the hot carrier gas flow by utilizing a rotary cutter, so that the filter cake is quickly dried and crushed into powder waste;
3) Gas-solid separation: performing gas-solid separation treatment to separate out the powder waste and tail gas;
4) Gasifying and carrying out innocent treatment on waste residues: carrying out co-gasification treatment on the powder waste and other solid waste, quickly converting the powder waste and organic matters in the solid waste into synthesis gas in a high-temperature and oxidation environment, and simultaneously, quickly melting harmful ash in gasified slag together to realize harmless treatment of the waste slag;
5) And (3) recycling heat and performing harmless treatment on the synthesis gas: the synthesis gas is fully combusted to recover heat, harmful components in the synthesis gas are removed by combustion, and flue gas generated after the combustion of the synthesis gas is purified and then discharged after reaching standards;
6) And (3) tail gas innocent treatment: the tail gas generated in the step 3) is used as hot carrier gas to be recycled in the step 2) after being subjected to dust removal treatment, so that zero emission of the tail gas is realized; or directly burning the tail gas to convert the tail gas into harmless smoke;
7) Wastewater treatment: purifying the wastewater generated in the step 6), applying the obtained purified water to the step 4) to perform chilling treatment on gasified slag, and sending the generated sludge to the step 1) for recycling treatment.
Further, in the step 1), the organic fluid waste is one or more of sludge, kitchen waste, livestock and poultry manure and algae in water body; the water content of the filter cake is 40% -60%.
Further, in the step 2), the drying temperature is 40-90 ℃, the drying pressure is-0.01 to-0.08 MPa, and the drying time is less than or equal to 20s; the particle size of the dried powder waste is 0.5-2 mm, and the water content is 5-15%.
Further, in the step 2), the drying temperature is 50-80 ℃, and the drying pressure is-0.04 to-0.06 MPa.
Further, when the drying temperature in the step 2) is 90-500 ℃, the tail gas is directly combusted and converted into harmless smoke in the step 5).
Further, in the step 2), the circulating gas is heated by using the heat recovered in the step 6) as a heat carrier gas; in the step 2), external waste heat, combustion heat, electric heating, electromagnetic heating, solar energy or geothermal energy are used for heating circulating gas as heat carrier gas, and the temperature of the heated circulating gas is 200-400 ℃.
In step 4), the powder waste is granulated to form granular waste, and then the granular waste and the other solid waste are subjected to co-gasification treatment; the solid waste is one or more of municipal waste, waste wood, straw and biomass particles.
Further, in the step 5), part of the purified flue gas is taken and used as a hot carrier gas to be recycled in the step 2).
A harmless treatment system for multiple wastes comprises a drying powder making device, a gas-solid separation device, a slag gasification device, a slag removal device, a combustion furnace, a spray washing device, a waste heat recovery device, a purification device and a wastewater treatment device; the drying and pulverizing device is provided with a feed inlet for entering a filter cake prepared after pretreatment, a gas inlet for entering a heat supply carrier gas and a mixture outlet for outputting a mixture of powder waste and the heat carrier gas, the mixture outlet of the drying and pulverizing device is connected with the mixture inlet of the gas-solid separation device, and the gas-solid separation device is also provided with a powder outlet for outputting the powder waste and a tail gas outlet for discharging tail gas; the powder outlet of the gas-solid separation device is connected with the first inlet of the slag-type gasification device, and the slag-type gasification device is also provided with a second inlet for solid waste to enter, a slag discharge port for slag to be discharged and an exhaust port for synthetic gas to be discharged; the slag discharging port of the slag type gasification device is connected with the slag inlet of the slag removing device, and the slag removing device is provided with a slag outlet for discharging slag, a water inlet for feeding cold water and a water outlet for outputting hot water; the exhaust port of the slag gasification device is connected with the combustion furnace, the combustion furnace is connected with the high-temperature air inlet of the waste heat recovery device, the low-temperature air outlet of the waste heat recovery device is connected with the air inlet of the purification device, the purified air outlet of the purification device is connected with an external conveying pipeline, the waste water outlet of the purification device is connected with the first waste water inlet of the waste water treatment device, the purified water outlet of the waste water treatment device is connected with the water inlet of the slag removal device, and the sludge liquid outlet of the waste water treatment device is connected with the feed inlet of the drying pulverizing device; the tail gas outlet is connected with the spray washing device, the gas outlet of the spray washing device is connected with the low-temperature gas inlet of the waste heat recovery device, and the high-temperature gas outlet of the waste heat recovery device is connected with the gas inlet of the drying powder making device.
Further, the dust-containing wastewater outlet of the spraying device is connected with the second wastewater inlet of the wastewater treatment device.
Further, a conveying device for conveying powder waste is arranged on a pipeline between the powder outlet of the gas-solid separation device and the first inlet of the slag-type gasification device, and a feeding device for conveying solid waste is arranged at the second inlet of the slag-type gasification device.
Further, a granulating device for granulating the powder waste is arranged on a pipeline between the powder outlet of the gas-solid separation device and the first inlet of the slag type gasification device.
Further, the drying powder making device comprises a shell and a cyclone plate arranged at the lower part of the inner cavity of the shell, a crushing cutter capable of rotating at a high speed is arranged above the cyclone plate, the feeding port is positioned above the crushing cutter, and the gas inlet is positioned below the cyclone plate.
Further, the swirl plate comprises an annular sloping plate fixed with the inner wall of the shell and a solid flat plate arranged on the inner ring of the annular sloping plate, and a plurality of through holes for spraying heat supply carrier gas are formed in the annular sloping plate along the circumferential direction of the annular sloping plate.
Further, the gas inlet is tangentially arranged with the circumference of the outer wall of the bottom of the drying powder making device, and the mixture outlet is tangentially arranged with the circumference of the outer wall of the top of the drying powder making device.
As a modification of the above-mentioned multiple waste innocent treatment system, another multiple waste innocent treatment system comprises a drying powder making device, a gas-solid separation device, a slag gasification device, a slag removal device, a combustion furnace, a waste heat recovery device, a purification device and a wastewater treatment device; the drying and pulverizing device is provided with a feed inlet for entering a filter cake prepared after pretreatment, a gas inlet for entering a heat supply carrier gas and a mixture outlet for outputting a mixture of powder waste and the heat carrier gas, the mixture outlet of the drying and pulverizing device is connected with the mixture inlet of the gas-solid separation device, and the gas-solid separation device is also provided with a powder outlet for outputting the powder waste and a tail gas outlet for discharging tail gas; the powder outlet of the gas-solid separation device is connected with the first inlet of the slag-type gasification device, and the slag-type gasification device is also provided with a second inlet for solid waste to enter, a slag discharge port for slag to be discharged and an exhaust port for synthetic gas to be discharged; the slag discharging port of the slag type gasification device is connected with the slag inlet of the slag removing device, and the slag removing device is provided with a slag outlet for discharging slag, a water inlet for feeding cold water and a water outlet for outputting hot water; the exhaust port of the slag gasification device is connected with the combustion furnace, the combustion furnace is connected with the high-temperature air inlet of the waste heat recovery device, the low-temperature air outlet of the waste heat recovery device is connected with the air inlet of the purification device, the purified air outlet of the purification device is connected with an external conveying pipeline, the waste water outlet of the purification device is connected with the first waste water inlet of the waste water treatment device, the purified water outlet of the waste water treatment device is connected with the water inlet of the slag removal device, and the sludge liquid outlet of the waste water treatment device is connected with the feed inlet of the drying pulverizing device; the tail gas outlet is connected with the combustion furnace, the purifying gas outlet of the purifying device is connected with the low-temperature air inlet of the waste heat recovery device, and the high-temperature air outlet of the waste heat recovery device is connected with the gas inlet of the drying powder making device.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
firstly, the invention adopts low-temperature negative pressure drying technology to carry out quick drying treatment on waste materials such as organic waste liquid, and can quickly prepare fluid waste into powder waste materials, so that the powder waste materials can be used as a raw material of a slag gasifier, the collaborative gasification combustion of multiple materials can be realized, and the pollution-free treatment of waste materials can be realized efficiently.
Secondly, the system adopts a treatment mode of combining high-temperature slag type gasification and direct combustion of synthesis gas on multiple materials, can ensure that all harmful ash is completely melted and harmless, can reduce the generation of harmful substances from the source by adopting the treatment mode of combining gasification combustion, can fully burn and react various harmful components, and completely does not contain harmful components in smoke, thereby avoiding a very complex smoke purification process of the traditional waste incineration process and greatly reducing the smoke purification difficulty.
Thirdly, the system can realize the intensive treatment of the multi-element waste, and the harmful metal substances can be melted at high temperature, so that the harmless treatment of the multi-element waste is thoroughly realized.
Fourth, the system of the invention uses the low-temperature waste heat of the treatment process itself as the heat source of the low-temperature negative pressure drying process, can realize the combination of high and low grade of energy sources and self-sufficiency, and the residual heat energy can provide peripheral heat users, thus being very suitable for the on-site treatment and on-site digestion of urban garbage, sludge and agricultural and forestry waste, and also being very suitable for the utilization of small-scale distributed system business modes.
Fifthly, the invention adopts distributed intensification, the wastewater, the waste residue and the waste mud can be integrally treated intensively, the distributed arrangement of the system is realized, the local material taking and the local digestion of the waste are realized, no secondary pollutant is generated, and the environmental protection of the system is greatly improved; the invention comprehensively considers the factors of environmental protection, sanitation, safety, economic benefit and the like, provides a technical scheme for perfectly combining waste treatment and waste energy, and has wide application prospect.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the system for innocent treatment of multiple wastes in example 1.
Fig. 2 is a schematic workflow diagram of example 1.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the system for innocent treatment of multiple wastes in example 2.
Fig. 4 is a schematic workflow diagram of example 2.
Fig. 5 is a schematic workflow diagram of example 3.
Fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of the dry powder process apparatus of fig. 1.
Fig. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view of fig. 6 taken along the direction A-A.
Fig. 8 is a schematic sectional view of the structure of fig. 6 along the direction B-B.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described in detail with reference to the drawings and specific examples, which are given to facilitate a clearer understanding of the invention, but are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
Example 1
The system for harmless treatment of the multi-element waste shown in fig. 1 comprises a drying powder making device 1, a gas-solid separation device 2, a slag gasification device 3, a slag removal device 4, a combustion furnace 12, a spray washing device 11, a waste heat recovery device 5, a purification device 6 and a waste water treatment device 7; the drying powder making device 1 is provided with a feed inlet 1.1 for a filter cake prepared after pretreatment to enter, a gas inlet 1.2 for supplying heat carrier gas to enter, and a mixture outlet 1.3 for outputting a mixture of powder waste and the heat carrier gas, wherein the mixture outlet 1.3 of the drying powder making device 1 is connected with the mixture inlet 2.1 of the gas-solid separation device 2, and the gas-solid separation device 2 is also provided with a powder outlet 2.2 for outputting the powder waste and a tail gas outlet 2.3 for discharging tail gas; the powder outlet 2.2 of the gas-solid separation device 2 is connected with the first inlet 3.1 of the slag-type gasification device 3, and the slag-type gasification device 3 is also provided with a second inlet 3.2 for solid waste to enter, a slag discharging port 3.3 for slag to be discharged and an exhaust port 3.4 for synthetic gas to be discharged; the slag discharging port 3.3 of the slag gasifier 3 is connected with the slag inlet 4.1 of the slag removing device 4, and the slag removing device 4 is provided with a slag outlet 4.2 for discharging slag, a water inlet 4.3 for entering cold water and a water outlet 4.4 for outputting hot water; the exhaust port 3.4 of the slag gasifier 3 is connected with the combustion furnace 12, the combustion furnace 12 is connected with the high-temperature air inlet 5.1 of the waste heat recovery device 5, the low-temperature air outlet 5.2 of the waste heat recovery device 5 is connected with the air inlet 6.1 of the purification device 6, the purified air outlet 6.2 of the purification device 6 is connected with an external conveying pipe system, the waste water outlet 6.3 of the purification device 6 is connected with the first waste water inlet 7.1 of the waste water treatment device 7, the purified water outlet 7.2 of the waste water treatment device 7 is connected with the water inlet 4.3 of the slag remover 4, and the sludge liquid outlet 7.3 of the waste water treatment device 7 is connected with the feed inlet 1.1 of the drying powder making device 1; the tail gas outlet 2.3 is connected with the spray washing device 11, the gas outlet of the spray washing device 11 is connected with the low-temperature gas inlet 5.3 of the waste heat recovery device 5, and the high-temperature gas outlet 5.4 of the waste heat recovery device 5 is connected with the gas inlet 1.2 of the drying powder making device 1; the dust-laden wastewater outlet 11.3 of the spray washing device 11 is connected to the second wastewater inlet 7.4 of the wastewater treatment device 7. A conveying device 13 for conveying powder waste is arranged on a pipeline between the powder outlet 2.2 of the gas-solid separation device 2 and the first inlet 3.1 of the slag-type gasification device 3, and a feeding device 14 for conveying solid waste is arranged at the second inlet 3.2 of the slag-type gasification device 3. A granulating device for granulating the powder waste is arranged on a pipeline between the powder outlet 2.2 of the gas-solid separation device 2 and the first inlet 3.1 of the slag-type gasification device 3.
In the above scheme, referring to fig. 6 to 8, the drying powder making device 1 includes a housing 1.4 and a cyclone plate 1.5 disposed at the lower portion of the inner cavity of the housing 1.4, a crushing cutter 1.6 capable of rotating at a high speed is disposed above the cyclone plate 1.5, a feed inlet 1.1 is disposed above the crushing cutter 1.6, and a gas inlet 1.2 is disposed below the cyclone plate 1.5. The swirl plate 1.5 comprises an annular sloping plate 1.51 fixed with the inner wall of the shell 1.4 and a solid flat plate 1.52 arranged on the inner ring of the annular sloping plate 1.51, and a plurality of through holes 1.53 for jetting heat supply carrier gas are formed in the annular sloping plate 1.51 along the circumferential direction of the annular sloping plate. The gas inlet 1.2 is tangentially arranged with the circumference of the outer wall of the bottom of the drying powder making device 1, and the mixture outlet 1.3 is tangentially arranged with the circumference of the outer wall of the top of the drying powder making device 1. The bottom of the drying powder making device 1 is provided with a driving motor 1.7 for driving the crushing cutter 1.6 to rotate.
The working process of the drying powder making device 1 is as follows: 1) The method comprises the steps of feeding the water-containing filter cake into a drying powder making device 1, heating the filter cake by hot air from top to bottom in a turbulent flow manner, then feeding the filter cake into a bottom cyclone section of the drying powder making device 1, pushing the filter cake by air flow in the bottom cyclone section to form forward material cyclone, meanwhile, cutting and impacting the filter cake by a reversely high-speed rotary crushing cutter 1.6 to crush the filter cake into powder waste with the particle size less than or equal to 2mm, rising the powder waste along with the hot air flow to form turbulent flow, carrying out severe heat transfer exchange in the turbulent flow section, controlling the negative pressure of the whole system to be-0.001 to-0.08 Mpa, preferably-0.04 to-0.06 Mpa (gauge pressure), reducing the evaporation partial pressure of cellular water in the powder waste, enabling the internal water to rapidly escape from the powder waste to be gradually dried, and forming dry powder waste particles in 30 s. Wherein, the rotational flow direction of the circulating gas entering the drying powder making device 1 is opposite to the rotation direction of the crushing cutter 1.6; 2) The dry powder waste particles then enter the top cyclone section of the drying powder making device 1, the powder waste is subjected to cyclone drying along with air flow, can stay in the top space and further undergo heat exchange drying to finish the powder waste drying process, and the top cyclone section of the drying powder making device 1 can carry out preliminary material separation on the powder particles, so that large-particle materials directly fall into the cyclone section at the bottom of the drying powder making device 1 and are crushed again by the crushing cutter 1.6, and the particle materials with the particle size smaller than the set particle size (2 mm) directly escape from the drying powder making device 1 to enter the subsequent gas-solid separation device 2.
The method for innocent treatment of multi-element waste (organic fluid waste and solid waste) by using the system shown in fig. 1 comprises the following specific steps:
1) Pretreatment: organic waste filtrate (water-containing sludge) with the water content of 97-98% is subjected to sludge conditioning and deep dehydration treatment to form a filter cake with the water content of 40-60%; besides the organic waste filtrate, one or more mixtures of kitchen waste, livestock and poultry manure and algae in water are also suitable.
2) Drying and pulverizing: the filter cake then enters a drying powder making device 1 to carry out a low-temperature negative pressure drying process, the low-temperature negative pressure drying is a drying mode combining turbulent flow heating and cyclone drying, high-temperature circulating waste gas at 200-400 ℃ is used as a heat source, high-speed cyclone gas is formed in the drying powder making device 1, a crushing cutter 1.6 (a rotary blade) is adopted to form turbulence in a reverse cutting mode, the filter cake material with water content of 40-60% can be rapidly reduced to powder waste with water content of below 15%, the temperature of a working interval with the drying temperature of 50-80 ℃ is within-0.001-0.08 MPa (gauge pressure), the negative pressure of a regulating system is matched, intracellular water can be effectively destroyed, the material with high heat sensitivity and intracellular water content of 20-80% and difficult to be dehydrated is rapidly dried to the water content of 5-15% within 20 seconds, and the drying efficiency is very high. The particle size of the dried powder waste is 0.5-2 mm.
3) Gas-solid separation: the gas-solid separation device 2 is used for carrying out gas-solid separation to separate powder waste and tail gas (waste gas), after the powder waste containing organic matters produced by low-temperature negative pressure drying is separated from the tail gas, the powder waste is sent into a powder pressurizing and conveying unit, the powder waste is sent into a gasification furnace after being pressurized and conveyed, and the tail gas enters a spray washing device for dust removal treatment, and as the low-temperature drying is carried out in the working range temperature of 50-80 ℃, harmful gas components in organic waste filtrate such as sludge are not separated out, solid dust in the waste gas is sprayed and cooled through spray washing, and the solid dust enters a sewage treatment system together with sewage.
4) Gasifying and carrying out innocent treatment on waste residues: the method comprises the steps of directly feeding combustible solid wastes such as municipal waste, waste wood, straw, biomass particles and the like into a slag gasifier inlet, feeding the solid wastes into the gasifier from the upper part of the gasifier through a gasifier feeding system, carrying out high-temperature gasification, spraying powder wastes into a slag zone of the gasifier from a burner through a powder conveying system, carrying out gasification reaction in the high-temperature slag zone, directly spraying the powder wastes into a high-temperature melting zone, carrying out strong turbulent mixing with slag, quickly converting organic matters in the powder particles under high-temperature and oxidation environments, quickly melting harmful ash in the slag, and then discharging the slag into a slag pool for chilling treatment to obtain glassy slag, thereby realizing harmless treatment of the harmful slag. Meanwhile, the powder waste can be made into fuel particles through a granulator, and the fuel particles have the characteristic of uniformity and are very suitable for conveying of a particle material feeding system. In the application process, whether the powder waste is directly sprayed into the gasification furnace by powder materials or made into dried particles depends on the distance between the sludge and organic waste filtrate treatment process and a subsequent raw material utilization system, the distance is long, and the granulation is convenient for conveying, transferring, storing and the like.
The high-temperature slag gasification technology of the process avoids the production condition of dioxin pollutants, the high temperature of the system is the gram of odor and bacteria, hydrogen sulfide and ammonia substances can be thoroughly decomposed, harmful bacteria are completely killed, and particularly, heavy metals in wastes are stabilized, so the gasification technology has natural advantages, the heavy metals in the wastes are firmly locked in the fluidized silicate crystal structure at the high temperature of the system, the crystal is abnormally stable, no overflow can occur in an acid-base environment during tests, and organic matters are gasified into combustible gases such as carbon monoxide, hydrogen, alkanes and the like under the high-temperature lean oxygen.
5) And (3) recycling heat and performing harmless treatment on the synthesis gas: the gasified synthetic gas is then burnt in a combustion furnace to fully release the heat of the synthetic gas, harmful components in the synthetic gas are burnt at high temperature, the smoke does not contain phenol, dioxin and the like, waste heat recovery and smoke purification are carried out, and the smoke reaching the standard can be directly discharged to the outside, so that pollution-free treatment of fixed wastes is realized.
6) And (3) tail gas innocent treatment: the heat energy recovered in the step 5) can be used for heating the tail gas after dust removal to be used as a heat carrier gas for recycling in the low-temperature negative-pressure drying process in the step 2), so that the self-circulation of the system is realized; the tail gas can be sent into a combustion furnace such as a coal-fired boiler, so that waste heat recovery is realized. In addition, the purified flue gas can be directly discharged, part of the flue gas can also be extracted and recycled into the waste heat recovery unit to recover heat energy, and the heat energy of the system is used for the low-temperature negative pressure drying treatment of the organic filtrate through the recycling of the flue gas.
7) Wastewater treatment: the sewage generated in the flue gas purification treatment process is collected into a sewage treatment device, and is sent into the sewage treatment device along with the sewage containing particles generated in the low-temperature negative pressure drying process, the sludge generated after treatment can be dried again by the low-temperature negative pressure, and the sewage is treated into reclaimed water in the sewage treatment device, so that the reclaimed water can be used for chilling water of slag generated by a slag gasifier.
In the step 2), a low-temperature negative pressure drying process is adopted, wherein the low-temperature negative pressure drying is a drying mode combining turbulent flow heating and cyclone drying, and the temperature range of the low-temperature negative pressure drying is 40-90 ℃, preferably 50-80 ℃; the negative pressure ranges from-0.01 MPa to-0.08 MPa, and is preferably from-0.04 MPa to-0.06 MPa; the drying heat source of the low-temperature negative pressure drying process can also adopt solar energy, geothermal energy, power plant waste heat energy and the like.
In the step 4), the high-temperature gasification can carry out passivation treatment on the harmful ash, and the slag gasifier can adopt a plurality of slag gasification modes such as fixed bed slag gasification, fluidized bed slag gasification, plasma slag gasification, entrained flow gasification and the like. In this embodiment, a fixed bed slag gasification method is preferably used.
In the step 6), the flue gas is recycled to serve as a heat carrier gas for low-temperature negative pressure drying, the self-balance of energy can be realized by fully utilizing the self-waste heat of the system, even the pure organic waste filtrate containing 98% of water can be used for realizing the self-balance of energy, and the requirement of a distributed energy system is fully met.
Example 2
The system for harmless treatment of the multi-component waste shown in fig. 3 is different from the system in embodiment 1 in that a spray washing device is omitted, the tail gas outlet 2.3 is connected with the combustion furnace 12, the purified gas outlet 6.2 of the purifying device 6 is connected with the low-temperature air inlet 5.3 of the waste heat recovery device 5, and the high-temperature air outlet 5.4 of the waste heat recovery device 5 is connected with the air inlet 1.2 of the drying powder making device 1.
Compared with the embodiment 1, as shown in fig. 4, the method for innocuous treatment of the multi-element waste by adopting the system in fig. 3 is different in that in the embodiment, the drying temperature range of the low-temperature negative pressure drying process is between 90 ℃ and 500 ℃, and the temperature range is used for improving the drying temperature to the maximum extent, improving the drying efficiency, and greatly improving the drying production efficiency in mass production.
In the implementation, after the powder waste containing organic matters produced by negative pressure drying at 90-500 ℃ is separated from tail gas, the powder waste is sent to a powder pressurizing and conveying unit, the powder waste is sent to a gasification furnace after being pressurized and conveyed, and the tail gas has higher drying temperature, so that although the drying temperature improves the drying rate, unstable organic matters in the organic waste filtrate are partially decomposed and harmful components such as NH in the organic waste filtrate are inevitably caused in the drying process 3 、H 2 S, alcohols and other substances are separated out in large quantity, so that the extremely difficult waste gas treatment problem is brought to the traditional drying process, the invention fully combines the advantages of the whole process system, directly feeds the tail gas containing harmful substances into the subsequent combustion furnace system for combustion,the harmful waste gas is converted into harmless smoke through high-temperature combustion in the combustion furnace.
Example 3
The construction of the system for innocent treatment of multiple wastes in example 3 was the same as that in example 1.
Compared with the working process of the embodiment 3 in the embodiment 1, as shown in fig. 5, the difference is that the combustion furnace in the embodiment can be a traditional coal-fired boiler of a power station, the organic waste filtrate is dried and then is sent into the gasification furnace for gasification, the synthesis gas generated after gasification is sent into the coal-fired boiler of the power station for combustion together with coal (powder), harmless flue gas is generated at high temperature, the heat energy emitted by the dried waste can be converted into high-temperature (more than 540 ℃) high-parameter steam in the coal-fired boiler for steam power generation, the power generation efficiency of the combustion heat energy of the organic waste can be greatly improved by the mode of coupling power generation with the coal-fired boiler, the power generation efficiency of general coupling power generation can reach more than 40%, and the power generation efficiency of waste incineration can only reach 20% -30% due to low steam parameters.
Claims (11)
1. A method for innocent treatment of multiple wastes is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
1) Pretreatment: pretreating organic fluid waste to prepare a preliminary dried filter cake;
2) Drying and pulverizing: drying the filter cake and the hot carrier gas under the condition of negative pressure by combining turbulent flow heating and cyclone drying, wherein the drying temperature is 40-500 ℃, and simultaneously, reversely cutting and impacting the filter cake along the opposite direction of the hot carrier gas flow by utilizing a rotary cutter, so that the filter cake is quickly dried and crushed into powder waste;
3) Gas-solid separation: performing gas-solid separation treatment to separate out the powder waste and tail gas;
4) Gasifying and carrying out innocent treatment on waste residues: carrying out co-gasification treatment on the powder waste and other solid waste, quickly converting the powder waste and organic matters in the solid waste into synthesis gas in a high-temperature and oxidation environment, and simultaneously, quickly melting harmful ash in gasified slag together to realize harmless treatment of the waste slag;
5) And (3) recycling heat and performing harmless treatment on the synthesis gas: the synthesis gas is fully combusted to recover heat, harmful components in the synthesis gas are removed by combustion, and flue gas generated after the combustion of the synthesis gas is purified and then discharged after reaching standards;
6) And (3) tail gas innocent treatment: the tail gas generated in the step 3) is used as hot carrier gas to be recycled in the step 2) after being subjected to dust removal treatment, so that zero emission of the tail gas is realized; or directly burning the tail gas to convert the tail gas into harmless smoke;
7) Wastewater treatment: purifying the wastewater generated in the step 6), applying the obtained purified water to the step 4) to perform chilling treatment on gasified slag, and sending the generated sludge to the step 1) for cyclic treatment;
in the step 2), the drying temperature is 40-90 ℃, the drying pressure is minus 0.01-minus 0.08MPa, and the drying time is less than or equal to 20s; the particle size of the dried powder waste is 0.5-2 mm, and the water content is 5-15%;
in the step 4), the powder waste is granulated to prepare granular waste, and then the granular waste and other solid waste are subjected to co-gasification treatment; the solid waste is one or more of municipal waste, waste wood, straw and biomass particles.
2. The method for innocent treatment of multiple wastes according to claim 1, wherein: in the step 1), the organic fluid waste is one or more of sludge, kitchen waste, livestock and poultry manure and algae in water; the water content of the filter cake is 40% -60%.
3. The method for innocent treatment of multi-element waste according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by comprising the steps of: in the step 2), the drying temperature is 50-80 ℃, and the drying pressure is-0.04-0.06 MPa.
4. The method for innocent treatment of multi-element waste according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by comprising the steps of: and when the drying temperature in the step 2) is 90-500 ℃, directly burning the tail gas in the step 5) to convert the tail gas into harmless smoke.
5. The method for innocent treatment of multi-element waste according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by comprising the steps of: in the step 2), the heat recovered in the step 6) is utilized to heat the circulating gas as a heat carrier gas; in the step 2), the circulating gas is heated by using external waste heat, combustion heat, electric heating, electromagnetic heating, solar energy or geothermal energy as heat carrier gas, and the temperature of the heated circulating gas is 200-400 ℃.
6. The method for innocent treatment of multiple wastes according to claim 1, wherein: in the step 5), part of the purified flue gas is taken and used as hot carrier gas to be recycled in the step 2).
7. A multi-element waste harmless treatment system is characterized in that: comprises a drying powder making device (1), a gas-solid separation device (2), a slag gasifier (3), a deslagging device (4), a combustion furnace (12), a spray washing device (11), a waste heat recovery device (5), a purification device (6) and a wastewater treatment device (7); the drying and pulverizing device (1) is provided with a feed inlet (1.1) for a filter cake produced after pretreatment to enter, a gas inlet (1.2) for supplying heat carrier gas to enter, and a mixture outlet (1.3) for outputting a mixture of powder waste and hot carrier gas, the mixture outlet (1.3) of the drying and pulverizing device (1) is connected with a mixture inlet (2.1) of a gas-solid separation device (2), and the gas-solid separation device (2) is also provided with a powder outlet (2.2) for supplying powder waste to output and a tail gas outlet (2.3) for exhausting tail gas; the powder outlet (2.2) of the gas-solid separation device (2) is connected with the first inlet (3.1) of the slag-type gasification device (3), and the slag-type gasification device (3) is also provided with a second inlet (3.2) for solid waste to enter, a slag discharging port (3.3) for slag to be discharged and an exhaust port (3.4) for synthetic gas to be discharged; the slag removing device is characterized in that a slag removing opening (3.3) of the slag-type gasification device (3) is connected with a slag inlet (4.1) of a slag removing device (4), and the slag removing device (4) is provided with a slag outlet (4.2) for discharging slag, a water inlet (4.3) for feeding cold water and a water outlet (4.4) for outputting hot water;
the waste water treatment device is characterized in that an exhaust port (3.4) of the slag type gasification device (3) is connected with the combustion furnace (12), the combustion furnace (12) is connected with a high-temperature air inlet (5.1) of the waste heat recovery device (5), a low-temperature air outlet (5.2) of the waste heat recovery device (5) is connected with an air inlet (6.1) of a purification device (6), a purified air outlet (6.2) of the purification device (6) is connected with an external conveying pipeline, a waste water outlet (6.3) of the purification device (6) is connected with a first waste water inlet (7.1) of the waste water treatment device (7), a purified water outlet (7.2) of the waste water treatment device (7) is connected with a water inlet (4.3) of the waste water treatment device (4), and a sludge outlet (7.3) of the waste water treatment device (7) is connected with a feed inlet (1.1) of the drying powder preparation device (1).
The tail gas outlet (2.3) is connected with the spray washing device (11), the gas outlet of the spray washing device (11) is connected with the low-temperature gas inlet (5.3) of the waste heat recovery device (5), and the high-temperature gas outlet (5.4) of the waste heat recovery device (5) is connected with the gas inlet (1.2) of the drying powder making device (1);
a pipeline between a powder outlet (2.2) of the gas-solid separation device (2) and a first inlet (3.1) of the slag type gasification device (3) is provided with a granulating device for granulating powder wastes; the drying powder making device (1) comprises a shell (1.4) and a cyclone plate (1.5) arranged at the lower part of an inner cavity of the shell (1.4), wherein a crushing cutter (1.6) capable of rotating at a high speed is arranged above the cyclone plate (1.5), the feeding port (1.1) is positioned above the crushing cutter (1.6), and the gas inlet (1.2) is positioned below the cyclone plate (1.5).
8. The system for innocent treatment of multiple wastes according to claim 7, wherein: the dust-containing waste water outlet (11.3) of the spray washing device (11) is connected with the second waste water inlet (7.4) of the waste water treatment device (7).
9. The system for innocent treatment of multiple wastes according to claim 7, wherein: a conveying device (13) for conveying powder waste is arranged on a pipeline between a powder outlet (2.2) of the gas-solid separation device (2) and a first inlet (3.1) of the slag-type gasification device (3), and a feeding device (14) for conveying solid waste is arranged at a second inlet (3.2) of the slag-type gasification device (3).
10. The system for innocent treatment of multiple wastes according to claim 7, wherein: the cyclone plate (1.5) comprises an annular inclined plate (1.51) fixed with the inner wall of the shell (1.4) and a solid flat plate (1.52) arranged on the inner ring of the annular inclined plate (1.51), wherein a plurality of through holes (1.53) for spraying heat supply carrier gas are formed in the annular inclined plate (1.51) along the circumferential direction of the annular inclined plate.
11. The multi-waste innocent treatment system according to claim 7, 8 or 9, wherein: the gas inlet (1.2) is tangentially arranged with the circumference of the outer wall of the bottom of the drying powder making device (1), and the mixture outlet (1.3) is tangentially arranged with the circumference of the outer wall of the top of the drying powder making device (1).
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