CN108314620B - 异序乌桕素i和j及其药物组合物和其应用 - Google Patents
异序乌桕素i和j及其药物组合物和其应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供结构式(I)所示的两个新的对映‑贝壳杉烷型二萜,异序乌桕素I和J(1和2),含有化合物1和2及可药用载体的药物组合物,化合物1和2的制备方法,以及化合物1和2在制药中的应用,特别是在制备α‑葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂药物中的应用,和在制备治疗或改善糖尿病及其相关疾病的药物中的应用。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于药物化学和医药技术领域,具体地说,涉及两个新的对映-贝壳杉烷型二萜,异序乌桕素I和J(1和2),含有化合物1和2及可药用载体的药物组合物,化合物1和2的制备方法,以及化合物1和2在制药中的应用,特别是在制备α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂药物中的应用,和在制备治疗或改善糖尿病及其相关疾病的药物中的应用。
背景技术
糖尿病是由于胰岛素分泌相对不足或绝对不足而引起,以高血糖为主要特征并伴有多种并发症的代谢性疾病,是内分泌科的常见疾病。糖尿病分为I型糖尿病、Ⅱ型糖尿病和妊娠期糖尿病,其中Ⅱ型糖尿病约占糖尿病发病总数的95%以上,其危害程度也最大,可以引起包括神经系统病变、循环系统病变、肾病、眼病和足病等多种急性和慢性并发症。糖尿病本身及其并发症严重危害人类健康,糖尿病的治疗已成为全球性的重大公共卫生问题。Ⅱ型糖尿病常用治疗药物有:二甲双胍,磺脲类药物,格列奈类,噻唑烷二酮类,α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂,GLP-1(胰高血糖素样多肽-1)类似物,DPP-4(二肽基肽酶4)抑制剂,SGLT(钠-葡萄糖协同转运蛋白)抑制剂。其中,α-糖苷酶抑制剂可逆地竞争性抑制小肠黏膜刷上缘的葡萄糖苷酶,延缓多糖、双糖转化为可吸收的葡萄糖,降低餐后血糖,减少血糖水平波动,对空腹血糖、血脂(胆固醇、LDL、甘油三酯)和血浆胰岛素浓度的降低也有影响。α-糖苷酶抑制剂可减少近段小肠碳水化合物的吸收,增加分泌GLP-1较多的远端小肠的碳水化合物负荷,导致餐后GLP-1分泌增加。临床常用的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂有阿卡波糖和米格列醇。目前,α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂主要通过化学合成或从天然产物中分离得到,从天然产物制备α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂较合成制品价格低廉且毒副作用小。因此对天然产物来源的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂的开发利用已成为研究热点。目前已有文献报道从杜仲、甘草、山楂、菊科植物、加拿大蓬、芦荟、玫瑰花、栗子皮等植物中分离得到α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂。植物中抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶活性成分主要有多糖类、生物碱、黄酮类、鞣质等。
异序乌桕Sapium insigne是大戟科乌桕属植物,该属植物在中国南方地区,马来西亚,非洲,玻利维亚等地区被广泛用作民间药材,叶子可以用来治疗皮肤相关疾病如湿疹,皮炎疱疹等;枝干和种子可以用来治疗消化道相关疾病,如便秘,腹水等;根皮可治毒蛇咬伤。该属植物的化学成分主要有黄酮类,萜类,甾体类以及酚类化合物等。二萜类成分为主要成分,其结构类型丰富多样,包括佛波酯类,半日花烷型二萜,对映-贝壳杉烷型二萜,以及海松烷型二萜等。该属植物药理活性方面的报道包括抗氧化,抗菌,抗炎,细胞毒活性以及抗肿瘤活性,但α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性及糖尿病治疗方面未见报道。
迄今,现有技术无异序乌桕素I和J的报道,也没有异序乌桕素I和J作为有效成分的药物组合物的报道,也没有异序乌桕素I和J及其药物组合物作为α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂,及治疗或改善糖尿病及其相关疾病的药物中的应用报道。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一类具有药用价值的式(I)所示的两个新的对映-贝壳杉烷型二萜,异序乌桕素I和J(1和2),有效剂量的异序乌桕素I和J作为α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂,异序乌桕素I和J及其药物组合物在制备治疗或改善糖尿病及其相关疾病的药物中的应用。
为了实现本发明的上述目的,本发明提供了如下技术方案:
结构式(I)所示的化合物异序乌桕素I和J(1和2),
所述的式(I)中化合物1和2在制备α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂中的应用。
所述的式(I)中化合物1和2在制备治疗或改善糖尿病及其相关疾病的药物中的应用。
如所述的应用,其中所述的疾病是与α-葡萄糖苷酶相关的糖尿病。
本发明同时还提供了含有治疗有效量的式(I)化合物1和2和药学上可接受的载体的药物组合物。
所述的药物组合物在制备α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂中的应用。
所述的药物组合物在制备治疗或改善糖尿病及其相关疾病的药物中的应用。
如所述的应用,其中所述的疾病是与α-葡萄糖苷酶相关的糖尿病。
制备所述的式(I)化合物1和2的方法,取异序乌桕Sapium insigne的干燥枝干,粉碎,用90%乙醇室温浸提3次,每次48小时,合并乙醇提液,减压回收乙醇得浸膏。浸膏用甲醇溶解,吸附于硅胶上,室温放置挥干溶剂,利用硅胶柱层析,石油醚-乙酸乙酯(0:100~100:0)洗脱,得到7个流分Frs.1~7。其中流分Fr.3和Fr.6继续经MCI中压柱制备,硅胶柱层析,凝胶柱色谱及高效液相色谱制备得到目标化合物1和2。
制备含化合物1和2的药物组合物的方法是,以化合物1和2为原料,加入可药用载体或赋形剂。所述的药用载体或赋形剂是一种或多种固体、半固体和液体稀释剂、填料以及药物制品辅剂。
本发明化合物1和2用作α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂或药物时,可以直接使用,或者以药物组合物的形式使用。该药物组合物含有0.1~99.9%,优选为0.5~90%的化合物1和2,其余为药物学上可接受的,对人和动物无毒和惰性的可药用载体和/或赋形剂。将本发明的药物组合物以单位体重服用量的形式使用。本发明的药物是临床上能够使用的各种剂型,如胶囊、颗粒剂、丸剂、片剂、注射剂、膏剂、酊剂、口服液;或已有的保健食品剂型,如胶囊、颗粒剂、片剂、饮料等。
附图说明:
图1为化合物异序乌桕素I和J(1和2)的结构示意图。
具体实施方式:
为了更好地理解本发明的实质,下面结合附图,用本发明的试验例和实施例来进一步说明本发明化合物1和2的制备方法、结构鉴定、药理作用,以及本发明的制备方法及药物组成,但不以此试验例和实施例来限定本发明。
实施例1:
化合物1和2的制备方法:
取异序乌桕Sapium insigne的干燥枝干,粉碎,用90%乙醇室温浸提3次,每次48小时,合并乙醇提液,减压回收乙醇得浸膏。浸膏用甲醇溶解,吸附于硅胶上,室温放置挥干溶剂,利用硅胶柱层析,石油醚-乙酸乙酯(0:100~100:0)洗脱,得到7个流分Frs.1~7。其中流分Fr.3和Fr.6继续经MCI中压柱制备,硅胶柱层析,凝胶柱色谱及高效液相色谱制备得到目标化合物1和2。
化合物1和2的结构鉴定数据:
紫外图谱是用UV2401PC(Shimadzu,Kyoto,Japan)测定。红外图谱用Bio-Rad FTS-135(Hercules,California,USA)测定(KBr压片)。旋光数据采用旋光仪Jasco P-1020(Horiba,Tokyo,Japan)测定。核磁共振图谱用Bruker Avance III-600或800超导核磁共振仪(Bruker,Bremerhaven,Germany)测定,TMS(四甲基硅烷)作内标。薄层色谱硅胶板购买自青岛海洋化工有限公司(Qingdao Haiyang,Qingdao,China);柱色谱硅胶(200~300目)购买自青岛美高化工有限公司(Makall,Qingdao,China);凝胶Sephadex LH-20(20~50μm)购买自Pharmacia Fine Chemical Co.,Ltd.(Pharmacia,Uppsala,Sweden)。显色剂为H2SO4(10%)的乙醇溶液。高效液相色谱仪为岛津公司生产的,泵型号是LC-20AR,检测器型号为SPD-M20A,控制器型号是CBM-20A,柱温箱型号为AT-350,使用的色谱柱型号为YMC-Pack Ph(5μm,10×250mm)或者Agilent-ZORBAX SB-C18(5μm,10×250mm)。色谱甲醇和乙腈购买自默克公司。高分辨质谱用LC-MS-IT-TOF(Shimadzu,Kyoto,Japan)质谱仪测定。
化合物1
分子式:C21H32O4;分子量:348;性状:白色粉末;HRESIMS(+)m/z 349.2310[M+H]+(计算值为349.2373);IR(KBr)vmax:3488,3454,3438,2973,2941,2863,1727,1452,1437,1392,1368,1195,1164,1113,1060,1024,947cm-1;UV/Vis(甲醇)λmax(logε):202(3.41)nm;1H-NMR和13C-NMR数据见表1。
化合物2
分子式:C23H34O4;分子量:374;性状:白色粉末;HRESIMS(+)m/z 375.2532[M+H]+(计算值为375.2530);IR(KBr)vmax:3428,2937,2874,1668,1649,1402,1228,1054,1014,911cm-1;UV/Vis(甲醇)λmax(logε):271(4.14),201(3.92)nm;1H-NMR和13C-NMR数据见表1。
表1.化合物1和2的1H-NMR(600MHz)和13C-NMR(150MHz)数据(CDCl3)
实施例2:
化合物1和2体外α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制率实验:
称取实施例1所述的化合物1和2适量,用500μL磷酸盐缓冲液:甲醇(1:1)溶解,得到浓度为1.5mM的样品待测液。再根据情况稀释,得到不同浓度的待测样品溶液。
(1)配制磷酸盐缓冲液:0.1M Na2HPO4溶液与0.1M NaH2PO4溶液各取适量,混合至pH 7.40,过0.45μm滤膜,待用。(2)α-葡萄糖苷酶溶液:精密称取α-葡萄糖苷酶(SigmaAldrich,来源于酿酒酵母Saccharomyces cerevisiae)适量,加磷酸钾缓冲液配成浓度为0.2U/mL的溶液,过0.45μm滤膜,待用。(3)pNPG底物溶液:称取适量,加磷酸钾缓冲液配成浓度为2.5mM的溶液,过0.45μm滤膜,待用。(4)Na2CO3终止液:精密称取Na2CO3适量,加水配成浓度为0.1M的溶液,过0.45μm滤膜,待用。取化合物待测液30μL,加入到96孔板中;加入20μL0.2U/mL的酶溶液,震摇1min,37℃下孵育5min;加入20μL2.5mM的pNPG底物溶液,震摇1min,37℃下反应15min;加入40μL 0.1M的Na2CO3溶液,震摇1min,37℃孵育5min终止反应,405nm处测定吸光度值。本实验设置阳性对照组,阳性对照药为阿卡波糖。α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制率计算公式:抑制率(%)=[(OD空白–OD空白背景)–(OD样品–OD样品背景)]/(OD空白–OD空白背景)×100%。
实验结果表明,化合物1和2均对α-葡萄糖苷酶表现出一定的激动活性,在浓度为1.5mM时,激动率分别为99.7%和9.5%。进一步研究表明,化合物1对α-葡萄糖苷酶具有较好的抑制作用,其IC50值为527μM(阳性阿卡波糖IC50为149μM)。
实施例3
按实施例1的方式先获得化合物1和2,按它们与赋形剂重量比4:1的比例混合均匀,制粒,压片。治疗Ⅱ型糖尿病1~4片/次,3次/日。
实施例4:
按实施例1的方式先获得化合物1和2,按它们与赋形剂重量比8:1的比例混合均匀,制粒,压片。治疗Ⅱ型糖尿病1~3片/次,3次/日。
实施例5:
按实施例1的方式先获得化合物1和2,按它们与赋形剂重量比3:1的比例混合均匀,制粒,制成胶囊剂。治疗Ⅱ型糖尿病1~3粒/次,3次/日。
实施例6:
按实施例1的方式先获得化合物1和2,按它们与赋形剂重量比6:1的比例混合均匀,制粒,制成胶囊剂。治疗Ⅱ型糖尿病,1~3粒/次,3次/日。
实施例7:
按实施例1的方式先获得化合物1和2,按常规口服液的制法制成口服液。治疗Ⅱ型糖尿病,20~30mL瓶/次,3次/日。
Claims (8)
2.权利要求1所述的化合物异序乌桕素1和2在制备α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂中的应用。
3.权利要求1所述的化合物异序乌桕素1和2在制备治疗或改善糖尿病及其相关疾病的药物中的应用。
4.制备权利要求1所述的化合物异序乌桕素1和2的方法,取异序乌桕Sapiuminsigne的干燥枝干,粉碎,用90%乙醇室温浸提3次,每次48小时,合并乙醇提液,减压回收乙醇得浸膏,浸膏用甲醇溶解,吸附于硅胶上,室温放置挥干溶剂,利用硅胶柱层析,石油醚-乙酸乙酯0:100~100:0洗脱,得到7个流分Frs.1~7,其中流分Fr.3和Fr.6继续经MCI中压柱制备,硅胶柱层析,凝胶柱色谱及高效液相色谱制备得到目标化合物1和2。
5.含有治疗有效量的权利要求1所述的化合物异序乌桕素1和2及药学上可接受的载体的药物组合物。
6.权利要求5所述的药物组合物在制备α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂药物中的应用。
7.权利要求5所述的药物组合物在制备治疗或改善糖尿病及其相关疾病的药物中的应用。
8.制备权利要求5所述的药物组合物的方法,取异序乌桕Sapiuminsigne的干燥枝干,粉碎,用90%乙醇室温浸提3次,每次48小时,合并乙醇提液,减压回收乙醇得浸膏,浸膏用甲醇溶解,吸附于硅胶上,室温放置挥干溶剂,利用硅胶柱层析,石油醚-乙酸乙酯0:100~100:0洗脱,得到7个流分Frs.1~7,其中流分Fr.3和Fr.6继续经MCI中压柱制备,硅胶柱层析,凝胶柱色谱及高效液相色谱制备得到目标化合物1和2,再以化合物1和2单独或混合作为原料加入可药用载体或赋形剂。
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