CN108311111A - 一种含酸含铅污水高效吸附剂 - Google Patents

一种含酸含铅污水高效吸附剂 Download PDF

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CN108311111A
CN108311111A CN201810210612.1A CN201810210612A CN108311111A CN 108311111 A CN108311111 A CN 108311111A CN 201810210612 A CN201810210612 A CN 201810210612A CN 108311111 A CN108311111 A CN 108311111A
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adsorbent
acid
montmorillonite
trimethylammonium bromide
lead
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朱小平
马立修
姜长青
郝伟
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YANTAI GOLDENTIDE UNIKODI BATTERY CO Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
    • B01J20/10—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising silica or silicate
    • B01J20/12—Naturally occurring clays or bleaching earth
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/22—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising organic material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
    • C02F1/281—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using inorganic sorbents
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2220/00—Aspects relating to sorbent materials
    • B01J2220/40—Aspects relating to the composition of sorbent or filter aid materials
    • B01J2220/46—Materials comprising a mixture of inorganic and organic materials
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
    • C02F2101/20—Heavy metals or heavy metal compounds

Abstract

一种含酸含铅污水高效吸附剂，属于污水处理技术领域。其特征在于：成份为十六烷基三甲基溴化铵改性的钠化蒙脱石。本吸附剂的提出能够使得原来的中水处理系统停运，避免产生高盐废水，减少高额高盐污水处理费用，减少二次污染，本吸附剂对铅、酸的处理效果更好，水处理的单位处理费用降低，取消的工业片碱、PAC等的使用，环保效益明显提高。使用的蒙脱石原料本身具备资源丰富、价格低廉、加工容易等优点。

Description

一种含酸含铅污水高效吸附剂
技术领域
一种含酸含铅污水高效吸附剂，属于污水处理技术领域。
背景技术
目前含酸含铅废水的处理方法主要归纳为三种：化学法，物理法和生物法。然而，化学法是目前污水处理中最常用的方法，这种方法处理完的污水还需进行中水处理，中水处理后形成纯水和高盐废水，高盐废水处理困难，容易形成二次污染，而吸附剂在这过程中扮演重要角色，不同吸附剂，对重金属离子的吸附效果相差很大。目前常用的吸附剂如活性炭、沸石、硅胶树脂、 螯合树脂等已经得到很好应用。现有技术的吸附剂对铅、酸的处理效果不理想，导致水处理的单位处理费用增加和工业片碱的使用，具有一定的环境危害。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是：克服现有技术的不足，提供一种对铅、酸的处理效果更好的含酸含铅污水高效吸附剂。
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是：该含酸含铅污水高效吸附剂，其特征在于：成份为十六烷基三甲基溴化铵改性的钠化蒙脱石，原料重量份组成为100目筛的钠化蒙脱石200份、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵8~9份。
本发明是一种能够对含酸含铅废水进行高效的物理吸附的吸附剂，成本低，无二次污染的问题。取消的工业片碱、PAC等的使用，环保效益明显提高。蒙脱石是由纳米级颗粒组成的粘土矿物，又称微晶高岭石，因其良好的离子膨胀性和交换性能常被首选用作制备多孔层柱粘土催化材料的基体材料：蒙脱石是一种2:1型层状铝硅酸盐矿物，具有二维网格状延展的硅氧四面体骨架，具有吸附阳离子和极性有机分子的能力。
优选的，原料重量份组成为100目筛的钠化蒙脱石200份、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵8.3~8.5份。用优选量的十六烷基三甲基溴化铵对钠化蒙脱石进行改性能夠明显的提高吸附剂的吸附能力。
优选的，结构为一种由上层、中层和下层组成的八面体蒙脱石。本吸附剂具有独特的立体结构，是形成对铅、酸高吸附力的基础，含量越高，吸附剂表现的吸附能力越好。
具体的，本吸附剂再对含酸含铅废水进行处理时，对铅的吸附率为99%~99.7%。
具体的，一种可行制备方法为：将钠化蒙脱石加入十六烷基三甲基溴化铵，固液比为1:9.5~10.5，pH=5.4~5.7，温度为55℃~65℃下恒温搅拌0.7h ~1.3h，离心后在78℃~83℃烘箱下干燥后研磨即得。本发明提供一种上述吸附剂的制备方法，通过特定的固液比和pH等参数调整，制得吸附剂，满足上述结构的比例更高，吸附剂的整体吸附能力越好。
与现有技术相比，本发明的一种含酸含铅污水高效吸附剂所具有的有益效果是：本吸附剂的提出能够使得原来的中水处理系统停运，避免产生高盐废水，减少高额高盐污水处理费用，减少二次污染，本吸附剂对铅、酸的处理效果更好，水处理的单位处理费用降低，取消的工业片碱、PAC等的使用，环保效益明显提高。使用的蒙脱石原料本身具备资源丰富、价格低廉、加工容易等优点。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明做进一步说明，其中实施例1为最佳实施。
实施例1
取20g钠化蒙脱石，称取0.844g剂量的十六烷基三甲基溴化铵加入水，固液比为1:10，pH=5.5，水浴恒温60℃，搅拌1h后加入200ml含螯合剂四乙烯五胺TEPA溶液。继续水浴恒温60℃，搅拌1.5h，经离心后将沉淀用去离子水洗涤多次，直到洗出溶液用AgNO3检测无Br -存在为止，将沉淀于80℃下烘干、研磨，过100目筛，在室温下置于干燥器中备用。检测所得吸附剂成份为十六烷基三甲基溴化铵改性的钠化蒙脱石，主要结构组成为一种由上层、中层和下层组成的八面体蒙脱石。称取两种改性后的蒙脱石0.4g，与铅溶液反应后经仪器测量得出吸附率，对铅的吸附率为99.7%。
实施例2
取20g钠化蒙脱石，称取0.830g剂量的十六烷基三甲基溴化铵加入水，固液比为1:9.8，pH=5.6，水浴恒温57℃，搅拌1.2h后加入200ml含螯合剂四乙烯五胺TEPA溶液。继续水浴恒温60℃，搅拌1.5h，经离心后将沉淀用去离子水洗涤多次，直到洗出溶液用AgNO3检测无Br -存在为止，将沉淀于81℃下烘干、研磨，过100目筛，在室温下置于干燥器中备用。检测所得吸附剂成份为十六烷基三甲基溴化铵改性的钠化蒙脱石，主要结构组成为一种由上层、中层和下层组成的八面体蒙脱石。称取两种改性后的蒙脱石0.4g，与铅溶液反应后经仪器测量得出吸附率，对铅的吸附率为99.5%。
实施例3
取20g钠化蒙脱石，称取0.850g剂量的十六烷基三甲基溴化铵加入水，固液比为1:10.2，pH=5.4，水浴恒温62℃，搅拌0.9h后加入200ml含螯合剂四乙烯五胺TEPA溶液。继续水浴恒温60℃，搅拌1.5h，经离心后将沉淀用去离子水洗涤多次，直到洗出溶液用AgNO3检测无Br -存在为止，将沉淀于79℃下烘干、研磨，过100目筛，在室温下置于干燥器中备用。检测所得吸附剂成份为十六烷基三甲基溴化铵改性的钠化蒙脱石，主要结构组成为一种由上层、中层和下层组成的八面体蒙脱石。称取两种改性后的蒙脱石0.4g，与铅溶液反应后经仪器测量得出吸附率，对铅的吸附率为99.5%。
实施例4
取20g钠化蒙脱石，称取0.80g剂量的十六烷基三甲基溴化铵加入水，固液比为1:9.5，pH=5.4，水浴恒温55℃，搅拌1.3h后加入200ml含螯合剂四乙烯五胺TEPA溶液。继续水浴恒温60℃，搅拌1.5h，经离心后将沉淀用去离子水洗涤多次，直到洗出溶液用AgNO3检测无Br -存在为止，将沉淀于83℃下烘干、研磨，过100目筛，在室温下置于干燥器中备用。检测所得吸附剂成份为十六烷基三甲基溴化铵改性的钠化蒙脱石，主要结构组成为一种由上层、中层和下层组成的八面体蒙脱石。称取两种改性后的蒙脱石0.4g，与铅溶液反应后经仪器测量得出吸附率，对铅的吸附率为99.1%。
实施例5
取20g钠化蒙脱石，称取0.90g剂量的十六烷基三甲基溴化铵加入水，固液比为1:10.5，pH=5.7，水浴恒温65℃，搅拌0.7h后加入200ml含螯合剂EDTA溶液。继续水浴恒温60℃，搅拌1.5h，经离心后将沉淀用去离子水洗涤多次，直到洗出溶液用AgNO3检测无Br -存在为止，将沉淀于78℃下烘干、研磨，过100目筛，在室温下置于干燥器中备用。检测所得吸附剂成份为十六烷基三甲基溴化铵改性的钠化蒙脱石，主要结构组成为一种由上层、中层和下层组成的八面体蒙脱石。称取两种改性后的蒙脱石0.4g，与铅溶液反应后经仪器测量得出吸附率，对铅的吸附率为99.0%。
实施例6
取20g钠化蒙脱石，称取0.448g剂量的十六烷基三甲基溴化铵加入水，固液比为1:10，pH=5.5，水浴恒温60℃，搅拌1.后加入200ml含螯合剂四乙烯五胺TEPA溶液。继续水浴恒温60℃，搅拌1.5h，经离心后将沉淀用去离子水洗涤多次，直到洗出溶液用AgNO3检测无Br -存在为止，将沉淀于80℃下烘干、研磨，过100目筛，在室温下置于干燥器中备用。检测所得吸附剂成份为十六烷基三甲基溴化铵改性的钠化蒙脱石，主要结构组成为一种由上层、中层和下层组成的八面体蒙脱石。分别称取两种改性后的蒙脱石，各1份，每份0.4g，与铅溶液反应后经仪器测量得出吸附率，对铅的吸附率为85%。
实施例7
取20g钠化蒙脱石，称取0.844g剂量的十六烷基三甲基溴化铵加入水，固液比为1:20，pH=5.9，水浴恒温75℃，搅拌1h后加入200ml含螯合剂四乙烯五胺TEPA和乙二胺四乙酸EDTA溶液。继续水浴恒温60℃，搅拌1.5h，经离心后将沉淀用去离子水洗涤多次，直到洗出溶液用AgNO3检测无Br -存在为止，将沉淀于80℃下烘干、研磨，过100目筛，在室温下置于干燥器中备用。检测所得吸附剂成份为十六烷基三甲基溴化铵改性的钠化蒙脱石，主要结构组成为一种由上层、中层和下层组成的八面体蒙脱石。称取两种改性后的蒙脱石0.4g，与铅溶液反应后经仪器测量得出吸附率，对铅的吸附率为92%。
对比例1
取20g钠化蒙脱石，称取0.844g剂量的十二烷基三甲基溴化铵加入水，固液比为1:10，pH=5.5，水浴恒温60℃，搅拌1h后加入200ml含螯合剂四乙烯五胺TEPA溶液。继续水浴恒温60℃，搅拌1.5h，经离心后将沉淀用去离子水洗涤多次，直到洗出溶液用AgNO3检测无Br -存在为止，将沉淀于80℃下烘干、研磨，过100目筛，在室温下置于干燥器中备用。检测所得吸附剂的结构组成不具备上层、中层和下层组成的八面体蒙脱石结构。称取两种改性后的蒙脱石0.4g，与铅溶液反应后经仪器测量得出吸附率，对铅的吸附率为59.7%。
以上所述，仅是本发明的较佳实施例而已，并非是对本发明作其它形式的限制，任何熟悉本专业的技术人员可能利用上述揭示的技术内容加以变更或改型为等同变化的等效实施例。但是凡是未脱离本发明技术方案内容，依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何简单修改、等同变化与改型，仍属于本发明技术方案的保护范围。

Claims (4)

1.一种含酸含铅污水高效吸附剂，其特征在于：成份为十六烷基三甲基溴化铵改性的钠化蒙脱石，原料重量份组成为100目筛的钠化蒙脱石200份、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵8~9份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种含酸含铅污水高效吸附剂，其特征在于：原料重量份组成为100目筛的钠化蒙脱石200份、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵8.3~8.5份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种含酸含铅污水高效吸附剂，其特征在于：结构为一种由上层、中层和下层组成的八面体蒙脱石。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种含酸含铅污水高效吸附剂，其特征在于：对铅的吸附率为99%~99.7%。
CN201810210612.1A 2018-03-14 2018-03-14 一种含酸含铅污水高效吸附剂 Withdrawn CN108311111A (zh)

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Application publication date: 20180724