CN108304967A - The method that rainfall-flow-water level coupling interpolation solves mountain flood Critical Rainfall - Google Patents
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Abstract
The present invention provides the methods that rainfall flow water level coupling interpolation solves mountain flood Critical Rainfall, include the following steps：Data assessment, model construction, index calculate, rainfall flow water level couples interpolation and solves the method for mountain flood Critical Rainfall according to the water level that causes disaster of mountain flood field investigation evaluation object, the flow that causes disaster is converted to through hydraulic method, influence the coupled relation of rainfall play crest discharge corresponding to being formed by the case of rainfall early period based on different basins in certain period, interpolation inquires into the mountain flood Critical Rainfall influenced different basin early periods in the case of rainfall, to provide technical support for the prevention of mountain flood forecasting and warning.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to mountain flood field more particularly to rainfall-flow-water level coupling interpolation solution mountain flood are critical
The method of rainfall.
Background technology
China has a vast territory, and geology and geomorphology complexity is various, based on the plateau of mountainous region, is mostly in Over East Asia Monsoon Area, by force
Rainfall takes place frequently, and extreme weather increases, and mountain flood occurs frequent.Mountain flood is the main disasters of China's flood causing death
Kind, sudden strong, destructive power is big, and it is difficult that forecasting and warning prevents, and mostly occurs in remote mountain areas, has inconvenient traffic, communicates unsmooth, is
The difficult point and weak link of China's work of flood prevention.Mountain flood warning index is generally divided into rainfall warning index and water level early warning refers to
Two classes are marked, wherein rainfall warning index element includes two elements of period and its corresponding rainfall, by analyzing the different early warning periods
Critical Rainfall obtain.
When Critical Rainfall guidance causes a basin or region that mountain stream flood occurs may to cause calamity, that is, reach when causing disaster water level,
The minimum level and intensity that rainfall is met or exceeded.The accuracy of Critical Rainfall depends on converging mountain flood formation mechenism, production
The in-depth degree for flowing law study occurs background complexity due to mountain flood and recognizes formation mechanism of disaster and production confluence rule
Knowledge is not deep, tries the application stage all in discussion greatly to the research of Critical Rainfall both at home and abroad at present.
In general, Critical Rainfall is influenced by rainfall, basin soil moisture content and three big factor of land-surface characteristics.Rainfall item
Part is by play rainfall, the play accumulation indexs such as rainfall and rainfall intensity description；Soil layer aqueous conditions include soil moisture content
Or prophase programming；Watershed system feature includes the factors such as landform, channel features, basin geometric properties, vegetation, soil, by
The effect of human activity.
The determination method type of mountain flood Critical Rainfall is various at present, and empirical method and theory side can be divided by being summed up
Method two major classes.Empirical method is not concerned with the physical mechanism of mountain flood generating process, directly according to rainfall data series and mountain torrents
Disaster data series inquires into Critical Rainfall, and the demand to data is relatively fewer, and method is simple, using convenient.As there is actual measurement in the country
Rainfall statistic law, the anti-pushing manipulation of water level-flow, heavy rain critical curve method, analogy method, Japanese soil pluvial index method, actual effect rain
Amount method, concentration time and rainfall intensity method, multiple discriminant analysis statistic law etc..Theoretical method is also known as hydrology hydraulic method, with
Hydrology that mountain flood is formed based on hydraulics process, has stronger physical mechanism, higher to data-requirements.Such as me
Hydrodynamics and calculation method, the distributed model calculating method of state, Flash Flood Guidance (FFG) method in the U.S. etc..
2015《Mountain torrents Critical Rainfall based on rainfall runoff relation curve interpolation method calculates》Considering the case where early period influences rainfall
Under, according to rainfall in certain period and formed flood crest discharge correlativity curve, the corresponding flow of early warning water level is existed
Interpolation on curve, obtains corresponding Critical Rainfall value, and the method is to indicate that early period influences rainfall Pa, Pa with soil moisture content<
0.5Wm, soil are more dry；0.5Wm≤Pa≤0.8Wm, soil are general；Pa>0.8Wm, soil are wetter.Different early periods influence in basin
It is basin tool that rainfall has the premise of the correlation of height with formed flood crest discharge in certain period under the conditions of rainfall
Having good rainfall runoff relation, (general drainage area is less than 200km2), and peb process is mountain stream, unimodal flood, and be somebody's turn to do
The applicable precondition of the unlisted method of document.
Existing empirical method is few to data-requirements, is based on statistical analysis, lacks theoretical foundation, it is difficult to be widely applied
Other areas.Though theoretical method has a physical mechanism, data-requirements are high, because of the requirement of data, technical merit, parameter etc.,
It is difficult to use on a large scale.
Invention content
It is an object of the invention in view of the above shortcomings of the prior art, provide rainfall-flow-water level coupling interpolation to ask
The method for solving mountain flood Critical Rainfall, this method without the complete hydrological data of demand, and with certain Physical Mechanism and
Universality, to solve the above problem present in existing computational methods.
To achieve the above object, present invention employs following technical solutions：
The present invention provides rainfall-flow-water levels to couple the method that interpolation solves mountain flood Critical Rainfall, including following
Step：
S1, data assessment
It is less than 200km to calculating drainage area2Small watershed influence the rainfall runoff relation under the conditions of rainfall different early period
It is assessed；
S2, model construction
The design storm lasted according to small watershed difference is calculated considers that different basin early periods influence the typical scene of rainfall,
According to rainfall, production stream, confluence, the link of evolution, the mountain flood field investigation evaluation object typical frequency of control section nearby is calculated
Rate design flood, according to heavy rain and corresponding play crest discharge data, drawing influences rainfall-flow of rainfall different basin early periods
Relation curve builds curve model；
S3, index calculate
1) water level that, causes disaster corresponds to flow rate calculation：Control section number near the evaluation object measured according to mountain flood investigation
It according to achievement, converts and calculates through hydraulic method, obtain water level-discharge relation of evaluation object and the flow that causes disaster；
2), calculation interval determines：It is typical according to National Technical requirement, existing heavy rain isogram, mountain flood early warning
It is period, small watershed concentration time, comprehensive to determine calculation interval；
3), design storm calculates：Calculate design rainfall value and the rainstorm duration under each storm frequency；
4), net rainfall is analyzed：Consider that three kinds of typically different basin early periods influence rainfall situation and rainfall intensity, basin soil
Type, vegetation state land surface condition calculate the rainfall button damage during Flood of small drainage area, obtain net rainfall time distribution；
5), Design Flood Calculation：Rainfall situation is influenced according to three kinds of typically different basin early periods, calculates each storm frequency allusion quotation
The peb process that type calculation interval rainfall is formed includes mainly crest discharge, rise lasts and the duration of flood；
6), rainfall-flow-water level coupled relation Drawing of Curve：According to the water level-flow for the evaluation object that step 1) calculates
Relationship, different basins influence the design rainfall value of rainfall situation typical calculation period, corresponding play crest discharge early period, paint respectively
The rainfall magnitudes of different periods processed, crest discharge value, water level value point are away from analyzing its correlativity, be fitted to rainfall-stream
Amount-water level coupled relation curve finally obtains rainfall-stream in the case of each typical calculation period difference basin influence early period rainfall
Amount-water level coupled relation curve graph；
7) reading Critical Rainfall, is looked into：According to the evaluation object of mountain flood field investigation cause disaster water level, the typical calculation period letter
Breath, in rainfall-flow-water level coupled relation curve graph that typical calculation period difference basin influences rainfall early period,
It looks into and is read as calamity flow, further according to influencing basin early period rainfall situation and look into read corresponding rainfall to get to Critical Rainfall.
Further, in step 2), the existing heavy rain isogram has 10min, 1h, 6h, for 24 hours.
Further, in step 2), the small watershed concentration time is 7.9h.
Further, in step 2), the mountain flood early warning typical period of time is 1h, 3h, 6h, 12h, for 24 hours.
Further, in step 2), the comprehensive determining calculation interval is 1h, 3h, 6h, 12h.
Further, in step 5), three kinds of typically different basin early periods influence rainfall situation and are respectively：The more dry Pa of soil
The general Pa=0.5Wm of=0.2Wm, soil, the wetter Pa=0.8Wm of soil.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are：Rainfall-flow-water level coupling interpolation solves the method root of mountain flood Critical Rainfall
According to the water level that causes disaster of mountain flood field investigation evaluation object, the flow that causes disaster is converted to through hydraulic method, is based on certain period
Interior difference basin influences the coupled relation of rainfall play crest discharge corresponding to being formed by the case of rainfall early period, and interpolation pushes away
Ask influence the mountain flood Critical Rainfall in the case of rainfall different basin early periods, to be provided for the prevention of mountain flood forecasting and warning
Technical support.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is certain small watershed 12h rainfall-flow-water level coupled relation curve graphs；
Fig. 2 is the flood hydrograph figure that basin influences rainfall Pa=0.8Wm early periods；
Fig. 3 is the flood hydrograph figure that basin influences rainfall Pa=0.5Wm early periods；
Fig. 4 is the flood hydrograph figure that basin influences rainfall Pa=0.2Wm early periods；
Fig. 5 is one small watershed 1h rainfall-flow-water level coupled relation curve graphs of embodiment；
Fig. 6 is one small watershed 3h rainfall-flow-water level coupled relation curve graphs of embodiment；
Fig. 7 is one small watershed 6h rainfall-flow-water level coupled relation curve graphs of embodiment；
Wherein, Pa, which is basin, influences rainfall early period；Wm is basin reservoir capacity.
Specific implementation mode
In order to make the purpose , technical scheme and advantage of the present invention be clearer, with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, right
The present invention is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that described herein, specific examples are only used to explain the present invention, not
For limiting the present invention.
According to correlation analysis method, mass data verification result shows when watershed system condition is constant, rainfall,
Basin influences rainfall with depth of runoff there are certain correlativity early period, and can establish rainfall-early period of experience influences rainfall-diameter
Related figure (P~the P of streama~R correlations figure), related figure reflects the production stream rule in basin.
By production confluence principle it is found that during watershed concentration, interflow subsurface drainage and interflow, the diameter that net rainfall is formed are not considered
Flow depth and magnanimity are there are correlativity, and the mountain stream flood caused by heavy showers generally lasts for shorter, and flood peak is larger, and magnanimity is main
It is to be influenced by crest discharge, there are certain correlativities with crest discharge for magnanimity, and then in certain period before different basins
There are correlativities for rainfall play crest discharge corresponding to being formed by the case of phase influences rainfall.
For certain small watershed, according to evaluation object water level-discharge relation, different basins influence rainfall early period in certain period
In the case of rainfall play crest discharge correlativity corresponding to being formed by, obtain rainfall-flow-water level connecting curve, will
Interpolation on the curves of water level that causes disaster of mountain flood field investigation evaluation object obtains corresponding rainfall, i.e. Critical Rainfall value.
The method that rainfall-flow-water level coupling interpolation solves mountain flood Critical Rainfall, includes the following steps：
S1, data assessment
By runoff principle it is found that the method that rainfall-flow-water level coupling interpolation solves mountain flood Critical Rainfall
In the small watershed with more reliable rainfall runoff relation curve, (drainage area is less than 200km2) use, effect is more preferable.Cause
This, need to assess the rainfall runoff relation under the conditions of the different influence early period rainfall of calculating small watershed；
S2, model construction
The design storm lasted according to small watershed difference is calculated considers that different basin early periods influence the typical scene of rainfall,
According to rainfall, production stream, confluence, the link of evolution, the mountain flood field investigation evaluation object typical frequency of control section nearby is calculated
Rate design flood, according to heavy rain and corresponding play crest discharge data, drawing influences rainfall-stream of rainfall different basin early periods
Amount-water level coupled relation curve builds curve model；
S3, index calculate
1) water level that, causes disaster corresponds to flow rate calculation：Control section number near the evaluation object measured according to mountain flood investigation
It according to achievement, converts and calculates through hydraulic method, obtain water level-discharge relation of evaluation object and the flow that causes disaster；
2), calculation interval determines：It is typical according to National Technical requirement, existing heavy rain isogram, mountain flood early warning
It is period, small watershed concentration time, comprehensive to determine calculation interval；
3), design storm calculates：Calculate 10min, 1h under each storm frequency (a-hundred-year, fifty year return period ... etc.),
3h, 6h, 12h, design rainfall value for 24 hours and rainstorm duration；
4), net rainfall is analyzed：Consider that three kinds of typically different basin early periods influence rainfall situation and rainfall intensity, basin soil
Type, vegetation state land surface condition calculate the rainfall button damage during Flood of small drainage area, obtain net rainfall time distribution；
5), Design Flood Calculation：Rainfall situation is influenced according to three kinds of typically different basin early periods, calculates each storm frequency allusion quotation
The peb process that type calculation interval rainfall is formed includes mainly crest discharge, rise lasts and the duration of flood；
6), rainfall-flow-water level coupled relation Drawing of Curve：According to the water level-flow for the evaluation object that step 1) calculates
Relationship, different basins influence the design rainfall value of rainfall situation typical calculation period, corresponding play crest discharge early period, paint respectively
The rainfall magnitudes of different periods processed, crest discharge value, water level value point are away from analyzing its correlativity, be fitted to rainfall-stream
Amount-water level coupled relation curve finally obtains rainfall-stream in the case of each typical calculation period difference basin influence early period rainfall
Amount-water level coupled relation curve graph；Such as Fig. 1.
7) reading Critical Rainfall, is looked into：According to the evaluation object of mountain flood field investigation cause disaster water level, the typical calculation period letter
Breath, in rainfall-flow-water level coupled relation curve graph that typical calculation period difference basin influences rainfall early period,
It looks into and is read as calamity flow, further according to influencing basin early period rainfall situation and look into read corresponding rainfall to get to Critical Rainfall.Such as Fig. 1 institutes
Show, certain small watershed evaluation object causes disaster water level for 371.8m, and it is 182m that the flow that causes disaster is checked according to water level-discharge relation3/ s, then
Rainfall-flow-water level coupled relation the curve graph for reading basin 12h is looked into, the Critical Rainfall of basin 12h is obtained, such as table 1.
Certain the small watershed evaluation object Critical Rainfall outcome table of table 1
In step 2), the existing heavy rain isogram has 10min, 1h, 6h, for 24 hours.
In step 2), the small watershed concentration time is 7.9h.
In step 2), the mountain flood early warning typical period of time is 1h, 3h, 6h, 12h, for 24 hours.
In step 2), the comprehensive determining calculation interval is 1h, 3h, 6h, 12h.
Embodiment one
Selecting Huangmei County great river town, village is example along the river, and Yuan Shanhe wears village and mistake, in history repeatedly by mountain flood
It threatens.1 river vertical section and 3 are measured according to village house distribution and river situation according to mountain flood Investigation requirements
Cross section, water collection basin area more than control section are 30.9km2, the long 12.4km in river, than drop about 14.96 ‰.
(1) data is assessed
The moneys such as rainfall-runoff correlation figure, rainfall isopleth, storm flood handbook are influenced according to the rainfall being collected into-early period
Material analysis is it is found that small watershed difference influences the rainfall runoff relation good relationship under the conditions of rainfall early period.
(2) water level that causes disaster corresponds to flow rate calculation
The control section data measured according to village's mountain flood investigation calculate the water level-in the village using Manning formula method
Discharge relation must cause disaster flow for 189m according to the water level 31.87m that causes disaster of investigation3/s。
(3) calculation interval determines
It is required according to National Technical, mountain flood early warning typical period of time is 1h, 3h, 6h, 12h, for 24 hours, Hubei Province's heavy rain etc.
The value line chart period is 10min, 1h, 6h, for 24 hours, and the concentration time of the small watershed is 5.2h, it is comprehensive determine calculation interval be 1h, 3h,
6h。
(4) design storm calculates
Calculate 10min, 1h under each storm frequency of the small watershed (a-hundred-year, fifty year return period ... etc.), 3h, 6h,
The design rainfall value and rainstorm duration value of 12h, the calculation intervals such as 24 hours.Such as table 2 and table 3.
The design rainfall value of each storm frequency of 2 small watershed of table
3 rainstorm duration value (only listing 6h) of table
(5) net rainfall is analyzed
Consider that 3 kinds of typically different basin early periods influence rainfall situation and rainfall intensity, basin soil types, vegetation state
Equal land surface conditions calculate the rainfall button damage during Flood of small drainage area, obtain net rainfall time distribution (only listing 6h).As table 4,
Table 5 and table 6.
4 basin of table influences the net rainfall outcome table of rainfall Pa=0.8Wm early period
5 basin of table influences the net rainfall outcome table of rainfall Pa=0.5Wm early period
Net rainfall outcome table when 6 basin influence early period rainfall Pa=0.2Wm of table
(6) Design Flood Calculation
Influence rainfall situations according to 3 kinds of typically different basin early periods, calculate each storm frequency (it is a-hundred-year, 50 years one
Meet ... etc.) typical calculation hourly precipitation formed peb process (only listing 6h).Such as Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4.
(7) rainfall-flow-water level coupled relation Drawing of Curve
Influence the design of rainfall situation typical calculation period early period according to the small watershed water level-discharge relation, different basins
Rainfall value, corresponding play crest discharge, the rainfall magnitude of drafting different periods, crest discharge value, water level value point are away from analysis respectively
Its correlativity is fitted to rainfall-flow-water level coupled relation curve.Such as Fig. 5, Fig. 6, Fig. 7.
(8) reading Critical Rainfall is looked into
According to the flow 189m that causes disaster3/ s influences rainfall-stream of rainfall early period in typical calculation period difference basin
It in amount-water level coupled relation curve graph, looks into and is read as calamity flow, looked into further according to basin influence early period rainfall situation and read corresponding rain
Amount is to get to Critical Rainfall.Such as Fig. 6, Fig. 7 and table 7.
7 Critical Rainfall outcome table of table
Embodiments of the present invention above described embodiment only expresses, the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but can not
Therefore it is interpreted as the limitation to the scope of the claims of the present invention.It should be pointed out that for those of ordinary skill in the art,
Without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, various modifications and improvements can be made, these belong to the protection model of the present invention
It encloses.Therefore, the protection domain of patent of the present invention should be determined by the appended claims.
Claims (6)
1. the method that rainfall-flow-water level coupling interpolation solves mountain flood Critical Rainfall, which is characterized in that including following step
Suddenly：
S1, data assessment
It is less than 200km to calculating drainage area2Small watershed influence the rainfall runoff relation under the conditions of rainfall different early period and commented
Estimate；
S2, model construction
The design storm lasted according to small watershed difference is calculated considers that different basin early periods influence the typical scene of rainfall, according to
Rainfall, production stream, confluence, the link of evolution, calculating mountain flood field investigation evaluation object, nearby control section typical frequencies are set
Flood is counted, according to heavy rain and corresponding play crest discharge data, drawing influences rainfall-discharge relation of rainfall different basin early periods
Curve builds curve model；
S3, index calculate
1) water level that, causes disaster corresponds to flow rate calculation：According to mountain flood investigation measure evaluation object near control section data at
Fruit converts through hydraulic method and calculates, and obtains water level-discharge relation of evaluation object and the flow that causes disaster；
2), calculation interval determines：According to National Technical requirement, existing heavy rain isogram, mountain flood early warning typical period of time,
It is the small watershed concentration time, comprehensive to determine calculation interval；
3), design storm calculates：Calculate design rainfall value and the rainstorm duration under each storm frequency；
4), net rainfall is analyzed：Consider to influence three kinds of typically different basin early periods rainfall situations and rainfall intensity, basin soil types,
Vegetation state land surface condition calculates the rainfall button damage during Flood of small drainage area, obtains net rainfall time distribution；
5), Design Flood Calculation：Rainfall situation is influenced according to three kinds of typically different basin early periods, calculates each storm frequency typical case meter
The peb process that hourly precipitation is formed is calculated, includes mainly corresponding play crest discharge, rise lasts and the duration of flood；
6), rainfall-flow-water level coupled relation Drawing of Curve：Water level-flow of the evaluation object calculated according to step 1) closes
System, different basins influence the design rainfall value of rainfall situation typical calculation period, corresponding play crest discharge early period, draw respectively
The rainfall magnitudes of different periods, crest discharge value, water level value point are away from analyzing its correlativity, be fitted to rainfall-flow-
Water level coupled relation curve finally obtains rainfall-flow-water in the case of different basins influence early period rainfall under each calculation interval
Position coupled relation curve graph；
7) reading Critical Rainfall, is looked into：It is caused disaster water level, typical calculation period information according to the evaluation object of mountain flood field investigation,
In rainfall-flow-water level coupled relation curve graph that typical calculation period difference basin influences rainfall early period, reading is looked into
Cause disaster flow, further according to influencing basin early period rainfall situation and look into read corresponding rainfall to get to Critical Rainfall.
2. the method that rainfall-flow according to claim 1-water level coupling interpolation solves mountain flood Critical Rainfall,
It is characterized in that：In step 2), the existing heavy rain isogram has 10min, 1h, 6h, for 24 hours.
3. the method that rainfall-flow according to claim 1-water level coupling interpolation solves mountain flood Critical Rainfall,
It is characterized in that：In step 2), the small watershed concentration time is 7.9h.
4. the method that rainfall-flow according to claim 1-water level coupling interpolation solves mountain flood Critical Rainfall,
It is characterized in that：In step 2), the mountain flood early warning typical period of time is 1h, 3h, 6h, 12h, for 24 hours.
5. the method that rainfall-flow according to claim 1-water level coupling interpolation solves mountain flood Critical Rainfall,
It is characterized in that：In step 2), the comprehensive determining calculation interval is 1h, 3h, 6h, 12h.
6. the method that rainfall-flow according to claim 1-water level coupling interpolation solves mountain flood Critical Rainfall,
It is characterized in that：In step 5), three kinds of typically different basin early periods influence rainfall situation and are respectively：The more dry Pa=of soil
The general Pa=0.5Wm of 0.2Wm, soil, the wetter Pa=0.8Wm of soil.
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| CN109118721A (en) * | 2018-10-31 | 2019-01-01 | 河海大学 | The method, apparatus and method for early warning of compound warning index are inquired into based on Critical Rainfall |
| CN109190263A (en) * | 2018-09-10 | 2019-01-11 | 柳创新 | Method based on full Basin Rainfall runoff and hydrodynamic model prediction precipitation flow |
| CN109242336A (en) * | 2018-09-28 | 2019-01-18 | 郑州大学 | Mountain flood Critical Rainfall method for early warning under Scenario mode |
| CN109671248A (en) * | 2018-12-12 | 2019-04-23 | 河北省水利水电勘测设计研究院 | Mountain flood method for early warning based on object of taking precautions against natural calamities |
| CN109785979A (en) * | 2019-01-07 | 2019-05-21 | 三峡大学 | A kind of play flood rainfall-runoff process confining method |
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| CN117291061A (en) * | 2023-11-24 | 2023-12-26 | 福建省水利水电勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Embankment safety and stability analysis and early warning method under variable water flow environment |
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