CN108304681A - Farm model polymerization based on 3 kinds of operation areas of Wind turbines - Google Patents
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Abstract
The present invention proposes a kind of farm model polymerization based on 3 kinds of operation areas of Wind turbines.The specific steps are：The traffic coverage of wind turbine is determined according to the distribution of middle wind speed of each wind power plant of required modeling and the operation characteristic of wind turbine, related Wind turbines are polymerize according to the control strategy of different wind speed intervals, the Wind turbines in same section are polymerized to single unit by K means algorithms, while calculating the equivalent parameters of Wind turbines and its leading-out terminal transformer.According to the mode of connection of system, impedance of the single unit in each section to point of common coupling is calculated；The equivalent impedance of collector system after polymerizeing is calculated on the basis of the equivalent impedance calculated；According to the Wind turbines equivalent parameters of calculating, transformer equivalent parameters and collector system equivalent parameters establish its simplified model.The invention is applied in the subsynchronous equivalent modeling analysis of wind power plant, when being analyzed using Equivalent Model, can reduce the calculation amount of time-domain-simulation, shorten simulation time, improve analysis efficiency.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of power systems, are related to a kind of wind power plant mould based on 3 kinds of operation areas of Wind turbines
Type polymerization.
Background technology
The characteristics of contrary distribution is presented due to the wind energy in China, and be to improve big rule using series capacitor compensation technology of transmission of electricity
The effective measures of mould, remote wind-powered electricity generation conveying capacity.But large-scale wind electricity base passes through the presence time of series capacitance multi-line power transmission
Synchronized oscillation threatens.In face of complicated large-scale electrical power system, establishes the detailed electrical-magnetic model of total system and carry out Practical Project
Research, undoubtedly theoretically method the most accurate.Since the detail mathematic model of wind turbine is the differential equation group of multivariable,
Its solution procedure is complicated.And tens of or even hundreds Wind turbines are generally comprised in actual wind power plant, this makes wind power plant
Detailed modeling lead to the appearance of ' dimension calamity ', influence to calculate analyze speed and efficiency.
According to document《Probabilistic Stability Analysis of Subsynchronous Resonance
for Series- Compensated DFIG-based Wind Farms》, when the wind turbine of the interior different location of wind power plant
It is right since the control strategy of Wind turbines in different wind speed intervals differs when group is under different wind speed service conditions
The oscillation damping characteristic shown outside is also not exactly the same, and damping characteristic cannot be indicated with a unified expression formula, i.e., not
Unit in same control interval cannot preferably polymerize.
According to existing bibliography《Equivalencing the collector system of a large wind
power plant》The thought for proposing collector system power equivalence is consumed active and idle by solution collector system
Equivalence goes out the internal driving of collector system.But the Equivalent Model that the document proposes only only accounts for every Wind turbines leading-out terminal
The identical situation of electric current, is not counted and its current amplitude or the different situation of phase, lacks the explanation of deeper degree.Document
《Method of equivalencing for a large wind power plant with multiple turbine
representation》And the impedance value of its collector system is solved by the thinking of power equivalence, but assuming that Wind turbines
In the case of outlet voltage all same, derive that line current does not meet reality, there are problems.
Currently, a kind of method can be counted and current amplitude and while phase not yet, different wind speed interval wind turbines are considered
The different polymerization methods of control strategy.
Invention content
In order to solve the above deficiency, the present invention will propose a kind of farm model based on 3 kinds of operation areas of Wind turbines
Polymerization.The present invention proposes one kind and being suitable for different wind speed operation control interval, while considering unit leading-out terminal electric current width
The wind power plant equivalence polymerization for being suitable for subsynchronous research under different wind conditions of value and phase.Wind power plant is determined first
The wind speed captured per Fans in the operation characteristic and wind power plant of inner blower.Then K- is used in different blast velocity control sections
The wind turbine that Means clustering methods number different location polymerize, and determines the grouping of every unit.Each different grouping it
It is interior, corresponding equivalent unit parameter is calculated, the equivalent impedance parameter for solving collector system is calculated by power equivalence method.Most
The simplification Equivalent Model of entire wind power base is established according to the equivalent relevant parameter and unit equivalent parameters that are solved afterwards, and
Simultaneously by the model and modal damping and sub-synchronous oscillation frequency of the practical detailed model under sub-synchronous oscillation, demonstrate
It is worth the validity of model and the efficiency of analysis emulation.
To achieve the goals above, technical scheme is as follows：
A kind of wind-powered electricity generation station equivalent modeling method suitable for subsynchronous research includes the following steps：
Step 1, the operation characteristic of Wind turbines in selected wind power plant, i.e. power-rotary speed property etc. are determined, it is such as attached
Shown in Fig. 2-3.By its operation characteristic, different polymerization sections is set.
Step 2, in the polymerization section of a certain determination, the number of units of required polymerization wind turbine in the section is set, with K-
Unit in the section polymerize by means clustering methods.
Step 3, according to the number of units n of the Wind turbines in each grouping, according to the Wind turbines parameter aggregation etc. of every 5MW
Wind turbines relevant parameter S after valueeq, Veq, Xls_eq, Xlr_eq, XM_eq, Rs_eq, Rr_eq：The impedance of generator terminal step-up transformer is joined
Number Zeq_WF。
Step 4, according to identified machine group #, every unit is calculated relative to public by the method for power equivalence
The series equivalent approach impedance of Coupling point, then it is to polymerize unit collection to solve the equivalent impedance value in parallel of this group of unit after equivalence
The impedance value of electric system.
Step 5, the equivalent generating set relevant parameter solved according to calculating, equivalent transformer relevant parameter and equivalent collection
Electric system relevant parameter establishes wind power plant Equivalent Simplification model.Simultaneously according to generating set relevant parameter, transformer in wind power plant
Relevant parameter and collector system relevant parameter establish the detailed model of wind power plant.
Further, in step 1, the incision wind speed of the wind turbine of the type is 3m/s, and rated wind speed 11.3m/s is cut out
Wind speed is 25m/s.Annex Fig. 2-4 give its wind speed-rotating speed, rotating speed-changed power range and wind speed-damping change
Areal map.As it can be seen that the maximum wind velocity tracking of the low speed Heng Zhuansuqu of section 1-[3,5] m/s, section 2-[5,11.3] m/s
(MPPT) the permanent rotating speed invariable power area in area and section 3-[11.3,25] m/s.Each control interval is according to required equivalent demand
Certainty equivalents number of units.There are nonlinear switchings between different operational modes, and corresponding control law and parameter also have obviously
Difference, polymerization in different control areas often effect unobvious.
Further, in step 2, K-means polymerizations are embodied as：(1) from the wind speed interval data D of required classification
In take k element at random, the respective center as k cluster.(2) remaining element is calculated separately to the different of k cluster center
Degree, incorporates these elements into distinctiveness ratio minimum cluster respectively.Distinctiveness ratio is generally transported with Euclidean distance or mahalanobis distance
It calculates, apart from smaller, illustrate between the two more similar.(3) according to cluster result, the respective center of k cluster is recalculated, is calculated
Method is to take the arithmetic average of the respective dimension of all elements in cluster.(4) by whole element in air speed data D according in new
The heart clusters again.(5) the 4th step is repeated, until cluster result no longer changes.It exports each clustering as a result, as every cluster
The number of grouping.In the wind turbine number of units in determining each grouping with after number, pass through formulaCalculate each grouping
Equivalent wind speed, wherein viFor the actual wind speed size of i-th unit, veqTo reorganize the equivalent wind speed of equivalent unit after equivalence.
Further, in step 3, the parametric solution calculating side of the equivalent parameters of Wind turbines and each generator terminal step-up transformer
Method is：Veq=V；Xls_eq=Xls；XM_eq=XM；Xlr_eq=Xlr；Rs_eq=Rs；Rr_eq=Rr； Zeq_WF=
ZT_WTG/n。
In formula：N is Wind turbines number of units, Si, SeqRespectively generator rating power before and after equivalence；V, VeqRespectively etc.
The front and back rated voltage of value；Xls, Xls_eqAnd Xlr, Xlr_eqGenerator unit stator leakage reactance and rotor leakage respectively before and after equivalence
It is anti-；XM, XM_eqRespectively generator excitation reactance before and after equivalence；Rs, Rs_eqAnd Rr, Rr_eqRespectively generator is fixed before and after equivalence
Sub- resistance and rotor resistance.ZT_WTG, Zeq_WFRespectively generator terminal step-up transformer impedance value before and after equivalence.
Further, in step 4, collector system series equivalent approach impedanceWithCalculating.
By attached drawing 4 it is found that the power consumption for every section of electric line of collection of then connecting can be expressed as：
According to the principle of the power equivalence proposed, the power that collector system consumes before and after equivalence should be equal.
The then impedance of series equivalent approach collector system is：
In formula：It is the power of i-th section of circuit of part in series consumption,It is i-th
The resistance and reactance value of section circuit, IiFor the peak value of i-th unit leading-out terminal electric current,For electric current pair
The phase answered.
By attached drawing 5 it is found that then the power consumption of every section of electric line of collection in parallel can be expressed as：
According to the principle of the power equivalence proposed, the power that collector system consumes before and after equivalence should be equal.Parallel connection etc.
The impedance of value collector system is：
In formula：It is the power of i-th section of circuit of parallel connection part consumption,It is
The resistance and reactance value of i sections of circuits, IniFor series connection etc.
The peak value of i-th group of equivalence unit leading-out terminal electric current after value,For the corresponding phase of electric current.
Further, in step 4, practical mode when going out wind power plant sub-synchronous oscillation according to the detailed model of system and resistance
Buddhist nun compares proposed Equivalent Simplification model, verifies the reasonability and validity of model.
Advantageous effect
1, the method for polymerizeing equivalent modeling based on wind speed proposed is suitable for different wind speed wind turbines in large-scale wind electricity base
Modeling, it is contemplated that the influence of different control strategies, modeling it is more accurate.
2, the wind power plant simplification Equivalent Model established can replace actual wind power plant detailed model, to simplify emulation
The system model of analysis.Realize the effect that complication system is studied by naive model.
When 3, carrying out the subsynchronous specificity analysis of wind power plant with the simplified model established, calculation scale can be greatly reduced.
The time for reducing the analysis of total system electromagnetic transient simulation, improve assessment efficiency.
4, when the subsynchronous specificity analysis analysis of established simplified model and detailed model progress wind power plant used compares, energy
The preferable damping mode for meeting detailed model.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 assumes that the wind turbine arrangement mode in the required wind power plant modeled, wherein 4 row units are set with, each column 5.
Fig. 2 is wind speed-rotating speed corresponding diagram of wind turbine.
Fig. 3 is rotating speed-changed power areal map of wind turbine.
Fig. 4 is the detailed model and simplification Equivalent Model after each column series equivalent approach.
Fig. 5 is detailed model and the simplification Equivalent Model before and after parallel connection is equivalent.
Fig. 6 is the structure chart of Wind turbines after equivalence.
Fig. 7 is each frequency component in non-equivalent time leading-out terminal electric current
Fig. 8 is each frequency component in leading-out terminal electric current after equivalence.
Active power when Fig. 9 is steady-state operation before and after equivalence.
Reactive power when Figure 10 is steady-state operation before and after equivalence.
Specific implementation mode
It is specifically described in conjunction with the above figure.
Step 1：Determine the operation characteristic of Wind turbines in selected wind power plant, i.e. power-rotary speed property etc..Pass through
Its operation characteristic sets different polymerization sections.
According in step 1, Fig. 2-3 gives the performance curve of 5MW Wind turbines in wind power plant.It is special according to its operation
Wind turbines in entire wind power plant are divided into 3 classes by property, i.e.,：Section 1：The low speed Heng Zhuansuqu of [3,5] m/s, section 2： [5,
11.3] the maximum wind velocity tracking area (MPPT) and section 3 of m/s：[11.3,25] the permanent rotating speed invariable power area of m/s.Each control
Section processed is according to required equivalent demand certainty equivalents number of units.
Step 2：In the polymerization section of a certain determination, the number of units of required polymerization wind turbine in the section is set, with K-
Unit in the section polymerize by means clustering methods.
According in step 2, Fig. 1 gives unit distribution situation in set wind power plant, shares 4 row, 5 machines of each column
Group amounts to the Wind turbines of 20 5MW.Table 1 then gives the air speed data of every unit, poly- according to the K-means of selection
Wind turbine in MPPT control intervals is aggregated into 4 classes by class method, and the results are shown in Table 2 after polymerization.
Step 3：The number of units of Wind turbines in wind power plant is set as n platforms, according to the Wind turbines parameter aggregation etc. of every 5MW
Wind turbines relevant parameter S after valueeq, Veq, Xls_eq, Xlr_eq, XM_eq, Rs_eq, Rr_eq：The parameter of generator terminal step-up transformer
Zeq_WF；Wherein：SeqIt is equivalent generator rating power；VeqIt is equivalent rated voltage；Xls_eqAnd Xlr_eqRespectively etc.
It is worth generator unit stator leakage reactance and rotor leakage reactance；XM_eqFor equivalent generator excitation reactance；Rs_eqAnd Rr_eqRespectively equivalent generator
Stator resistance and rotor resistance, Zeq_WFFor the impedance of equivalent transformer；
According in step 3, the parametric solution computational methods of the equivalent parameters of Wind turbines and each generator terminal step-up transformer are：
N=20；Veq=V；Xls_eq=Xls；XM_eq=XM；Xlr_eq=Xlr；Rs_eq=Rs；Rr_eq=Rr； Zeq_WF=
ZT_WTG/n.Table 3 gives the relevant parameter of 5MW Wind turbines in wind power plant, and table 4 then gives the boosting transformation of every unit
Device impedance parameter (is indicated) with perunit value.Table 5 is the associated impedances parameter of every kilometer of circuit (under 60HZ frequencies).
Step 4：According to the number of identified unit, every unit is calculated relative to public affairs by the method for power equivalence
The series equivalent approach impedance of Coupling point altogether, then it is to polymerize unit collector system to solve the equivalent impedance value in parallel of this group of unit
Impedance value；
According in step 4, by the grouping after the polymerization of wind power plant equivalence, the impedance of series equivalent approach collector system is：The impedance of equivalence collector system in parallel is： Thus it is as shown in table 6 to calculate equivalent impedance.
Each unit wind speed in one, wind power plants of table
Computer-assisted classification and wind speed after table two, polymerizations
Three .5MW Wind turbines parameters of table
Four, single motor step-up transformer impedance group parameters of table
The impedance parameter of five every kilometer of circuit of table
Impedance parameter after the polymerization of table six
Step 5：According to the equivalent generating set relevant parameter that calculating solves, equivalent transformer relevant parameter and equivalent collection
Electric system relevant parameter establishes wind power plant Equivalent Simplification model, while according to generating set relevant parameter, transformer in wind power plant
Relevant parameter and collector system relevant parameter establish the detailed model of wind power plant.
Embodiment
Wind power plant detailed model and simplification Equivalent Model are built in PSCAD/EMTDC softwares, carry out simulation analysis.Comparison
Active and reactive power is exported under different normal operation situations, active and reactive power and mode when sub-synchronous oscillation occur for comparison
Damping.The detailed model and simplification Equivalent Model of example are as shown in Figure 6.Transmission line of electricity serial compensation capacitance is 110 microfarads, series compensation degrees
It is the 30% of circuit.The specific situation of active reactive Oscillatory mode shape such as following table before and after equivalence.As can be seen from the table and before and after equivalence
The damping of sub-synchronous oscillation dominant mode can preferably meet very much.After carrying out fft analysis to the electric current of leading-out terminal simultaneously, such as
Fig. 7, shown in 8, dominant frequency also can preferably meet, and be 16HZ, be matched with the 44HZ frequencies in oscillation of power, this is all
Illustrate the equivalent validity of polymerization.Active and reactive power such as Fig. 9 when steady-state operation simultaneously, shown in 10.
Table seven：Active Oscillatory mode shape before and after equivalence
Table eight：Reactive power oscillation mode before and after equivalence
To sum up, the present invention will propose a kind of farm model polymerization based on 3 kinds of operation areas of Wind turbines.Specifically
Step is：According to the fortune of the distribution situation and wind turbine of the middle wind speed of each wind power plant in the practical wind power base of required modeling
Row characteristic determines the different traffic coverages of wind turbine, polymerize to related Wind turbines further according to the control strategy of different wind speed intervals.
By K-means clustering algorithms by the Wind turbines equivalence of same wind speed interval be single unit, while calculate Wind turbines and
The equivalent parameters of its leading-out terminal transformer.Then it according to the mode of connection of system, calculates the separate unit in each grouping section first
Impedance parameter of the unit to point of common coupling；The collector system after polymerization is calculated on the basis of its each equivalent impedance parameter
Equivalent impedance；According to calculated generating set equivalent parameters, transformer equivalent parameters and collector system equivalent parameters are established
The simplification Equivalent Model of wind power plant.The invention is applied in the subsynchronous equivalent modeling analysis of wind power plant.Using the Equivalent Model into
When the subsynchronous specificity analysis of sector-style electric field, the calculation amount of time-domain-simulation can be reduced under the precision for reaching detailed model, shortened imitative
True analysis time.The subsynchronous equivalence method of efficiency wind power plant proposed by the present invention of the subsynchronous specificity analysis of wind power plant is improved,
The case where when considering each Wind turbines leading-out terminal current amplitude and not exactly the same phase, power equivalence can be preferable
Suitable for subsynchronous model analysis.Power simplification Equivalent Model realizes simplified operation and puies forward efficient purpose.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of farm model polymerization based on 3 kinds of operation areas of Wind turbines, which is characterized in that including walking as follows
Suddenly：
Step 1：It determines the operation characteristic of Wind turbines in selected wind power plant, i.e. power-rotary speed property, passes through its operation
Characteristic sets different polymerization sections；
Step 2：In the polymerization section of a certain determination, the number of units of required polymerization wind turbine in the section is set, it is poly- with K-means
Unit in the section polymerize by class method；
Step 3：The number of units of Wind turbines in wind power plant is set as n platforms, after the Wind turbines parameter aggregation equivalence of every 5MW
Wind turbines relevant parameter Seq, Veq, Xls_eq, Xlr_eq, XM_eq, Rs_eq, Rr_eq, the parameter Z of generator terminal step-up transformereq_WF；
Wherein：SeqIt is equivalent generator rating power；VeqIt is equivalent rated voltage；Xls_eqAnd Xlr_eqIt is respectively equivalent
Generator unit stator leakage reactance and rotor leakage reactance；XM_eqFor equivalent generator excitation reactance；Rs_eqAnd Rr_eqRespectively equivalent generator is fixed
Sub- resistance and rotor resistance, Zeq_WFFor the impedance of equivalent transformer；
Step 4：According to the number of identified unit, every unit is calculated relative to public coupling by the method for power equivalence
The series equivalent approach impedance of chalaza, then it is to polymerize the impedance of unit collector system to solve the equivalent impedance value in parallel of this group of unit
Value；
Step 5：According to the equivalent generating set relevant parameter that calculating solves, equivalent transformer relevant parameter and equivalent current collection system
System relevant parameter establishes wind power plant Equivalent Simplification model, while according to generating set relevant parameter in wind power plant, and transformer is related
Parameter and collector system relevant parameter establish the detailed model of wind power plant.
2. a kind of farm model polymerization based on 3 kinds of operation areas of Wind turbines according to claim 1, special
Sign is：In the step 1, the Wind turbines in entire wind power plant are divided by 3 classes according to its operation characteristic, i.e.,：Section 1：[3,
5] the low speed Heng Zhuansuqu of m/s, section 2：[5,11.3] the maximum wind velocity tracking area (MPPT) and section 3 of m/s：[11.3,25]
The permanent rotating speed invariable power area of m/s, each control interval is according to required equivalent demand certainty equivalents number of units.
3. a kind of farm model polymerization based on 3 kinds of operation areas of Wind turbines according to claim 1, special
Sign is：In the step 2, K-means polymerizations are embodied as：
Step 2.1) takes k element at random from the wind speed interval data D of required classification, the respective center as k cluster；
Step 2.2) calculates separately remaining element to the distinctiveness ratio at k cluster center, incorporates these elements into distinctiveness ratio respectively
Minimum cluster, distinctiveness ratio is generally with Euclidean distance or mahalanobis distance come operation, apart from smaller, illustrates more similar therebetween；
Step 2.3) recalculates the respective center of k cluster according to cluster result, and computational methods are to take in cluster all elements respectively
The arithmetic average of dimension；
Step 2.4) clusters whole elements in air speed data D according to new center again；
Step 2.5) repeats the 2.4th step, until cluster result no longer changes, exports each clustering as a result, as every cluster
The number of grouping；
Step 2.6), with after number, passes through formula in the wind turbine number of units in determining each groupingCalculate each grouping
Equivalent wind speed, wherein viFor the actual wind speed size of i-th unit, veqTo reorganize the equivalent wind speed of equivalent unit after equivalence.
4. a kind of farm model polymerization based on 3 kinds of operation areas of Wind turbines according to claim 1, special
Sign is, in the step 3, the parametric solution computational methods of Wind turbines relevant parameter and each generator terminal step-up transformer are：Veq=V；Xls_eq=Xls；XM_eq=XM；Xlr_eq=Xlr；Rs_eq=Rs；Rr_eq=Rr；Zeq_WF=ZT_WTG/n；
In formula：N is Wind turbines number of units, Si, SeqRespectively generator rating power before and after equivalence；V, VeqRespectively before and after equivalence
Rated voltage；Xls, Xls_eqAnd Xlr, Xlr_eqGenerator unit stator leakage reactance and rotor leakage reactance respectively before and after equivalence；XM,
XM_eqRespectively generator excitation reactance before and after equivalence；Rs, Rs_eqAnd Rr, Rr_eqBefore and after respectively equivalent generator unit stator resistance and
Rotor resistance；ZT_WTG, Zeq_WFRespectively generator terminal step-up transformer impedance value before and after equivalence.
5. a kind of farm model polymerization based on 3 kinds of operation areas of Wind turbines according to claim 1, special
Sign is：In the step 4, the series equivalent approach impedance relative to point of common couplingWithCalculating：
The power consumption of series connection every section of electric line of collection can be expressed as：
According to the principle of the power equivalence proposed, the power that collector system consumes before and after equivalence should be equal；
The then impedance of series equivalent approach collector system is：
In formula：It is the power of i-th section of circuit of part in series consumption,It is i-th section of circuit
Resistance and reactance value, IiFor the peak value of i-th unit leading-out terminal electric current,It is corresponded to for electric current
Phase；
The power consumption of parallel connection every section of electric line of collection can be expressed as：
According to the principle of the power equivalence proposed, the power that collector system consumes before and after equivalence should be equal, equivalent collection in parallel
The impedance of electric system is：
In formula：It is the power of i-th section of circuit of parallel connection part consumption,It is i-th section of circuit
Resistance and reactance value, IniIt is equivalent for i-th group after series equivalent approach
The peak value of unit leading-out terminal electric current,For the corresponding phase of electric current；
In formula：For the peak value of each section of electric current of current through line；Ri(i=1,2...n), XLi(i=1,2...n) it is
Line impedance value；Ini(i=1,2...m) it is the peak value of leading-out terminal electric current after every section of series equivalent approach；Rni(i=1,2...m),For line impedance value after series equivalent approach.
6. a kind of farm model polymerization based on 3 kinds of operation areas of Wind turbines according to claim 1, special
Sign is：In the step 5, show that practical mode when wind power plant sub-synchronous oscillation is closed with damping according to the detailed model of system
The relationship of system and leading-out terminal current oscillation frequency and frequency of power oscillation compares proposed Equivalent Simplification model, verifies model
Reasonability and validity.
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109873436A (en) * | 2019-02-20 | 2019-06-11 | 清华大学 | Impedance network polymerization and device based on oscillation mode ornamental |
| CN110210170A (en) * | 2019-06-19 | 2019-09-06 | 河北工业大学 | A kind of large-scale wind power group of planes equivalence small-signal model modeling method |
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| CN117313293A (en) * | 2023-11-30 | 2023-12-29 | 山东大学 | Small signal equivalent modeling method, system, terminal and medium for direct-drive wind farm |
| CN117313293B (en) * | 2023-11-30 | 2024-02-27 | 山东大学 | Small signal equivalent modeling method, system, terminal and medium for direct-drive wind farm |
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