CN117313293A - Small signal equivalent modeling method, system, terminal and medium for direct-drive wind farm - Google Patents
Small signal equivalent modeling method, system, terminal and medium for direct-drive wind farm Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of equivalent modeling of wind power plants, and particularly discloses a small-signal equivalent modeling method, a system, a terminal and a medium for a direct-drive wind power plant, wherein the equivalent impedance model of a wind power plant is obtained by performing aggregate approximate calculation on the impedance of the wind power plant; calculating the sensitivity of the detailed impedance of the equivalent front branch of the wind turbine generator to each parameter in the full frequency band, dividing the full frequency band into a plurality of frequency bands, and selecting at least one parameter with the maximum sensitivity in each frequency band as a dominant factor parameter of the current frequency band; identifying dominant factor parameters of the current frequency band for each frequency band to correct errors formed by aggregate approximate calculation; and obtaining a final equivalent impedance model of the wind turbine generator by aggregating the approximate calculated equivalent impedance model of the wind turbine generator and the dominant factor parameter identification result. The equivalent impedance model has better accuracy in both time domain and frequency domain, and can maintain the accuracy of impedance characteristics under the condition of changing the operating point.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of wind farm equivalent modeling, in particular to a direct-drive wind farm small signal equivalent modeling method, system, terminal and medium.
Background
The detailed impedance model of the large-scale wind power plant has high order, and numerical analysis faces the problem of dimension disaster. In order to reduce the order of the impedance model and improve the small disturbance stability analysis efficiency, a wind farm equivalent method can be adopted for simplifying.
At present, the wind farm equivalence method can be mainly divided into a capacity weighted average method and a parameter identification method. The capacity weighted average method obtains equivalent wind turbine parameters by aggregating physical parameters of wind turbines in the wind farm. And the parameter identification method identifies the equivalent wind turbine generator parameters according to the actual measurement or simulation data of the wind farm grid-connected point dynamic response.
However, the above equivalence method is more from the research of large signal analysis, the equivalence target is mostly corresponding to the time domain waveform before and after the equivalence, the consistency of the frequency domain characteristics before and after the equivalence is not concerned, and the equivalence method is not suitable for small signal analysis. The frequency domain characteristic consistency of the equivalent model is improved through comparing frequency domain indexes such as dominant modes before and after the equivalent and synchronous oscillation frequency bands. However, the method only focuses on the equivalent accuracy in a specific frequency band, the equivalent model cannot reflect the dynamic characteristics of the full frequency band, and the accuracy of the original equivalent model is often reduced after the working condition of the wind power plant is changed, so that the analysis requirement cannot be met.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a small-signal equivalent modeling method, a system, a terminal and a medium for a direct-drive wind power plant, which combines aggregation calculation equivalent with parameter identification correction, can quickly obtain an equivalent model, has better accuracy in both time domain and frequency domain, and can be applied to time domain analysis, impedance characteristic analysis and the like.
In a first aspect, the present issued technical solution provides a direct-drive wind farm small signal equivalent modeling method, including the following steps:
adopting a multi-motor equivalent modeling principle, and enabling the equivalent of the wind turbine on each branch to be an expansion wind turbine;
performing aggregate approximate calculation on the wind turbine generator impedance of the capacity-expansion wind turbine generator to obtain a wind turbine generator equivalent impedance model, wherein the wind turbine generator equivalent impedance model is a function of circuit parameters and control parameters;
calculating the sensitivity of the detailed impedance of the equivalent front branch of the wind turbine generator to each parameter in the full frequency band, dividing the full frequency band into a plurality of frequency bands, and selecting at least one parameter with the maximum sensitivity in each frequency band as a dominant factor parameter of the current frequency band;
identifying dominant factor parameters of the current frequency band for each frequency band to correct errors formed by aggregate approximate calculation;
and obtaining a final equivalent impedance model of the wind turbine generator by aggregating the approximate calculated equivalent impedance model of the wind turbine generator and the dominant factor parameter identification result.
In an optional implementation manner, the aggregation approximation calculation is performed on the wind turbine impedance of the capacity-expansion wind turbine to obtain a wind turbine equivalent impedance model, which specifically comprises the following steps:
(a) Neglecting the influence of a current collecting circuit, taking a plurality of wind turbines of the same branch as a pure parallel relation, considering that the running working points, circuit parameters and control parameters of the wind turbines of the same branch are the same, and assuming that the impedance of each wind turbine is the same, N wind turbines on the branch are directly connected in parallel, the aggregate impedance of the wind turbines is expressed as:
（1）
wherein,Z g in order for the filter impedance to be a function of,Z gsc for the grid-side converter impedance,Z ig 、Z ug for the phase-locked loop impedance to be,Eis a unit matrix;
(b) Obtaining the impedance quantity relation of each part of the equivalent front and rear fan units according to a parallel connection principle, wherein the formula is expressed as follows:
（2）。
in an optional implementation manner, the sensitivity of the detailed impedance of the equivalent front branch of the wind turbine generator to each parameter is calculated in the full frequency band, the full frequency band is divided into a plurality of frequency bands, and at least one parameter with the maximum sensitivity in each frequency band is selected as a dominant factor parameter of the current frequency band, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
(a) Defining a control parameter and a circuit parameter set of the wind turbine, wherein the control parameter and the circuit parameter set are expressed as follows:
x WT_para ={x 1 ，x 2 ， …… ，x D }（3）
wherein D represents the number of parameters;
(b) In the full frequency band [ H1, H2 ]]In the Hertz range, the sensitivity is calculated once for all parameters per hour of Hertz step lengthK s The calculation formula is expressed as:
K si =（4）
K si indicating the sensitivity of the ith parameter;
(c) Dividing the full frequency band into M frequency bands, calculating the average value of the sensitivity of each parameter in each frequency band, and selecting at least one parameter with the maximum average value of the sensitivity in each frequency band as the dominant factor parameter of the current frequency band.
In an alternative embodiment, for each frequency band, the dominant factor parameter of the current frequency band is identified to correct the error formed by the aggregate approximation calculation, which specifically includes:
for each frequency band, a particle swarm algorithm is adopted to identify dominant factor parameters of the current frequency band, and the fitness function of the particle swarm algorithm is as follows:
（5）
wherein Z is br Representing detailed impedance, Z of equivalent front branches of wind turbine generator br eq Representing the equivalent impedance of the branch;
s is the frequency domain operator and,s m，min ，s m，max represents the boundary point of the mth band interval,is the j-th dominant factor parameter of the m-th frequency band.
In an optional implementation manner, the final equivalent impedance model of the wind turbine generator is obtained by aggregating the approximated equivalent impedance model of the wind turbine generator and the dominant factor parameter identification result, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
obtaining a final equivalent impedance model of the wind turbine generator set through a formula (1) and a formula (5), wherein the expression is as follows:
（7）
where d represents the d-axis component in the dq coordinate system, and q represents the q-axis component in the dq coordinate system.
In an optional implementation manner, when the wind turbine impedance of the capacity-expansion wind turbine is subjected to aggregate approximate calculation to obtain the equivalent impedance model of the wind turbine, the method further comprises the following steps:
performing aggregation approximation calculation on the current collecting line impedance of the capacity-expansion wind turbine generator to obtain a current collecting line equivalent impedance model;
and performing aggregate approximate calculation on the transformer impedance of the capacity-expansion wind turbine generator to obtain a transformer equivalent impedance model.
In an optional embodiment, performing a polymerization approximation calculation on the collector line impedance of the capacity-expansion wind turbine generator to obtain a collector line equivalent impedance model, which specifically includes:
the constant power loss method is adopted for equivalence, the power loss on the current collecting lines before and after the equivalence is considered inconvenient, the current collecting lines are equivalent to an aggregation impedance, and then the current collecting line equivalent impedance model expression is:
（8）
wherein,Z Li is the firstiLine impedance of the station set branch;P Li for flowing through impedanceZ Li Is a loss of (2);
performing aggregate approximate calculation on transformer impedance of the capacity-expansion wind turbine generator to obtain a transformer equivalent impedance model, wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps of:
the method comprises the steps that the equivalent of a machine-end transformer of a wind turbine generator is a capacity-expanding transformer positioned at the machine end of the equivalent wind turbine generator, the impedance of the capacity-expanding transformer is the parallel connection of the impedance of all the machine-end transformers of the wind turbine generator, and then the calculation formulas of the equivalent capacity and the equivalent impedance of the capacity-expanding transformer are expressed as follows:
（9）
wherein,S T_eq 、Z T_eq respectively the equivalent capacity and the equivalent impedance of the capacity expansion transformer,S Ti 、Z Ti is the first in the original wind power plant i Capacity and impedance of the transformers at the motor ends of the wind turbine generator.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a direct-drive wind farm small signal equivalent modeling system, comprising,
the equivalent impedance model aggregation calculation module: adopting a multi-motor equivalent modeling principle, and enabling the equivalent of the wind turbine on each branch to be an expansion wind turbine; performing aggregate approximate calculation on the wind turbine generator impedance of the capacity-expansion wind turbine generator to obtain a wind turbine generator equivalent impedance model, wherein the wind turbine generator equivalent impedance model is a function of circuit parameters and control parameters;
the dominant factor parameter selection module: calculating the sensitivity of the detailed impedance of the equivalent front branch of the wind turbine generator to each parameter in the full frequency band, dividing the full frequency band into a plurality of frequency bands, and selecting at least one parameter with the maximum sensitivity in each frequency band as a dominant factor parameter of the current frequency band;
dominant factor parameter identification module: identifying dominant factor parameters of the current frequency band for each frequency band to correct errors formed by aggregate approximate calculation;
the equivalent impedance model correction module: and obtaining a final equivalent impedance model of the wind turbine generator by aggregating the approximate calculated equivalent impedance model of the wind turbine generator and the dominant factor parameter identification result.
In a third aspect, a technical solution of the present invention provides a terminal, including:
the storage is used for storing a direct-drive wind farm small signal equivalent modeling program;
and the processor is used for realizing the step of the direct-drive wind farm small signal equivalent modeling method according to any one of the above steps when executing the direct-drive wind farm small signal equivalent modeling program.
In a fourth aspect, the present invention provides a computer readable storage medium, where a direct-drive wind farm small signal equivalent modeling program is stored, where the direct-drive wind farm small signal equivalent modeling program when executed by a processor implements the steps of the direct-drive wind farm small signal equivalent modeling method according to any one of the above embodiments.
Compared with the prior art, the method, the system, the terminal and the medium for modeling the small signal equivalent of the direct-drive wind power plant have the following beneficial effects: according to the method, firstly, impedance aggregation approximation calculation is carried out according to an impedance series-parallel connection principle, then frequency division identification is carried out on key parameters in an aggregation impedance calculation model based on measured impedance data, errors caused by the impedance aggregation approximation calculation are corrected through parameter identification, an equivalent model can be obtained quickly, and frequency division identification is carried out on the key parameters, so that the equivalent impedance model has good accuracy in time domain and frequency domain, can be applied to time domain analysis, impedance characteristic analysis and the like, and can keep the impedance characteristic accuracy under the condition of change of operating points, so that the method is suitable for grid-connected stability analysis and stable domain evolution of a wind power plant.
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For a clearer description of embodiments of the invention or of the prior art, the drawings that are used in the description of the embodiments or of the prior art will be briefly described, it being apparent that the drawings in the description below are only some embodiments of the invention, and that other drawings can be obtained from them without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a direct drive wind farm.
Fig. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a direct-drive wind farm small signal equivalent modeling method provided by the embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of detailed model, calculated parameter equivalent model and identified parameter equivalent model impedance at the same operating point.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of detailed model, calculated parameter equivalent model and identified parameter equivalent model impedance at different operating points.
Fig. 5 is a schematic block diagram of a direct-drive wind power plant small-signal equivalent modeling system provided by the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a terminal according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to better understand the aspects of the present invention, the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description. It will be apparent that the described embodiments are only some, but not all, embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used herein in the description of the invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention.
The following explains key terms appearing in the present invention.
PMSG: permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator, direct-drive permanent magnet synchronous wind turbine generator.
Grid: and (3) a power grid.
SVG: static Var Generator, static var generator.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a direct-drive wind farm, and impedance Z of a direct-drive wind turbine generator WT Is higher order. The wind farm generally comprises hundreds of wind motor groups and a plurality of current collecting circuits, the impedance order of the wind farm is up to thousands of orders, and the computational complexity is obviously increased. In order to facilitate the small disturbance stability domain of an online analysis system, the chapter provides an equivalent method for wind farm impedance aggregation calculation and key parameter identification. Firstly, according to the impedance series-parallel connection principle, an impedance aggregation approximation calculation method is provided. Secondly, based on the measured impedance data, an identification method for the key parameters of the aggregate impedance is provided. By means of parameter identification, errors caused by impedance aggregation approximation calculation can be corrected.
Fig. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a direct-drive wind farm small signal equivalent modeling method provided by the embodiment of the invention. The execution subject of fig. 2 may be a direct-drive wind farm small-signal equivalent modeling system. The direct-drive wind farm small signal equivalent modeling method provided by the embodiment of the invention is executed by computer equipment, and correspondingly, the direct-drive wind farm small signal equivalent modeling system is operated in the computer equipment. The order of the steps in the flow chart may be changed and some may be omitted according to different needs.
As shown in fig. 2, the method includes the following steps.
S1, adopting a multi-machine equivalent modeling principle, and enabling the equivalent of the wind turbine on each branch to be an expansion wind turbine.
S2, performing aggregate approximate calculation on the wind turbine generator impedance of the capacity-expansion wind turbine generator to obtain a wind turbine generator equivalent impedance model, wherein the wind turbine generator equivalent impedance model is a function of circuit parameters and control parameters.
S3, calculating the sensitivity of the detailed impedance of the equivalent front branch of the wind turbine generator to each parameter in the full frequency band, dividing the full frequency band into a plurality of frequency bands, and selecting at least one parameter with the maximum sensitivity in each frequency band as a dominant factor parameter of the current frequency band.
S4, identifying dominant factor parameters of the current frequency band for each frequency band to correct errors formed by aggregation approximation calculation.
S5, obtaining a final equivalent impedance model of the wind turbine through aggregating the approximately calculated equivalent impedance model of the wind turbine and the dominant factor parameter identification result.
According to the wind farm time domain large signal modeling guidelines established by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) and the American western electric Council (WECC), a wind farm composed of homotype wind turbines can be equivalently a capacity-expanding wind turbine. However, the impedance frequency domain model presents strong coupling characteristics in a wide frequency band range, and the accuracy of a single equivalent unit is difficult to ensure. The multi-machine equivalent modeling principle is adopted, so that accuracy and calculation efficiency can be considered. Because the model numbers and the electrical parameters of the wind turbine generator sets on the same branch are generally the same, the wind turbine generator set on each branch can be equivalent to one capacity-expansion wind turbine generator set.
The following describes the aggregate approximate calculation of the impedance equivalent model of the embodiment, and the general calculation of the impedance equivalent model of the wind power plant includes model calculation of three aspects of wind turbine generator set impedance, collector line impedance and transformer impedance. Because the impedance of the wind turbine generator is far greater than the sum of the impedance of the collecting line and the impedance of the transformer, the object identified by the subsequent parameters in the embodiment is selected as the impedance of the wind turbine generator, namely, the dominant factor parameters of the equivalent impedance model of the wind turbine generator are identified, and the error of the aggregate approximate calculation of the equivalent impedance model of the wind turbine generator is corrected.
Aggregation approximation calculation of equivalent impedance model of wind turbine generator set
Because the impedance of the direct-drive fan is usually far greater than the sum of the impedance of the current collecting circuit and the impedance of the transformer, it can be assumed that N units on the branch of the wind power plant are directly connected in parallel. In the direct-drive wind power plant, the impedance of the wind turbine generator is far greater than the impedance of the collecting line, so that the influence of the collecting line can be ignored in an equivalent deduction part, and the wind turbine generator is considered to be in a pure parallel connection relationship. Meanwhile, the operation working points, circuit parameters and control parameters of the wind turbine generators of the same branch are considered to be the same. Therefore, the impedance of each wind turbine generator is also considered to be the same, and the aggregate impedance of the wind turbine generator in the direct-drive wind power plant in this embodiment is approximately expressed as:
（1）
wherein,Z g in order for the filter impedance to be a function of,Z gsc for the grid-side converter impedance,Z ig 、Z ug for the phase-locked loop impedance to be,Eis an identity matrix.
Obtaining the impedance quantity relation of each part of the equivalent front and rear fan units according to a parallel connection principle, wherein the formula is expressed as follows:
（2）
(II) aggregation approximation calculation of equivalent impedance module of current collection line
The current collecting circuit adopts a constant power loss method to carry out equivalence, namely, the power loss on the current collecting circuit is considered to be unchanged before and after the equivalence, and the wind power plant current collecting network is equivalent to an aggregation impedance. In this embodiment, the equivalent impedance model expression of the collector line is:
（3）
wherein,Z Li is the firstiLine impedance of the station set branch;P Li for flowing through impedanceZ Li Is a loss of (2).
(III) approximate calculation of equivalent impedance model aggregation of transformer
And (3) the transformer at the machine end of the wind turbine in the wind power plant is equivalent to a capacity expansion transformer at the machine end of the equivalent wind turbine. The capacity of the capacity-expanding transformer is the sum of the capacities of all wind turbine generator system side transformers in the original wind power plant. The capacity expansion transformer impedance is the parallel connection of the transformer impedance of all wind turbine generator terminals, and the calculation formulas of the equivalent capacity and the equivalent impedance of the capacity expansion transformer in the embodiment are expressed as follows:
（4）
wherein,S T_eq 、Z T_eq respectively the equivalent capacity and the equivalent impedance of the capacity expansion transformer,S Ti 、Z Ti is the first in the original wind power plant i Capacity and impedance of the transformers at the motor ends of the wind turbine generator.
The impedance aggregation approximation calculation of the previous section has errors, and the accuracy of the equivalent impedance of the wind power plant branch can be improved by correcting part of key parameters. Traditional equivalent parameter identification is mostly aimed at a time domain equivalent model under large disturbance. If the method is applied to the equivalence of a small signal model, the accuracy of the equivalent impedance in the full frequency band is difficult to ensure. Since the impedance exhibits strong nonlinearity in a wide frequency band, the present embodiment proposes a method of correcting the dominant parameter of the frequency division.
First, the parameter sensitivity of the broadband impedance is analyzed. Because the impedance of the direct-drive fan is usually far greater than the sum of the impedance of the current collecting line and the impedance of the transformer, the object identified by the parameters is selected as an equivalent wind turbine generator. The approximate calculated impedance Z in equation (1) br Is a function of the circuit parameters and the control parameters. The partial control parameters and electrical parameters of the equivalent model are shown in the following table, and dominant factor parameters are selected from the parameters.
Table 1: partial parameter table of direct-drive fan
In the embodiment, the sensitivity of the detailed impedance of the equivalent front branch of the wind turbine generator to each parameter is calculated in the full frequency band, then the full frequency band is divided into a plurality of frequency bands, and at least one parameter with the maximum sensitivity in each frequency band is selected as a dominant factor parameter of the current frequency band.
Defining a control parameter and a circuit parameter set of the wind turbine, wherein the control parameter and the circuit parameter set are expressed as follows:
x WT_para ={x 1 ，x 2 ， …… ，x D } （5）
wherein D represents the number of parameters
To obtain the dominant factor parameters of the impedance characteristics, impedance sensitivity analysis is performed. In the embodiment, the sensitivity of the detailed impedance of the equivalent front branch of the wind turbine generator to each parameter and the sensitivity are calculated in the full frequency bandK s The calculation formula is expressed as:
K si =（6）
K si indicating the sensitivity of the i-th parameter.
Sensitivity of equation (6)K s As a function of the frequency domain operator s, the sensitivity exhibits a nonlinear characteristic over a wide frequency band due to the strong nonlinear characteristic of the impedance. The embodiment is in a wide frequency band [ H1, H2 ]]The sensitivity represented by equation (6) is calculated once for all parameters every h Hz step size in the Hz rangeK s The sensitivity is calculated for all parameters, for example, once every 1Hz step in the range of 0-1000 Hz.
After calculating several sensitivities for all parameters, dominant factor parameters are found according to the sensitivities of the individual parameters. In the embodiment, the full frequency band is divided into M frequency bands, and dominant factor parameters of the current frequency band are found in each frequency band. Specifically, the average value of the sensitivity of each parameter is calculated in each frequency band, and at least one parameter with the maximum average value of the sensitivity in each frequency band is selected as the dominant factor parameter of the current frequency band.
The sensitivity of the proportional and integral coefficients of the direct-drive fan current inner loop, the proportional and integral coefficients of the phase-locked loop, the resistance and inductance of the filter are higher than that of other parameters in each frequency band through calculation. These parameters are taken as dominant factor parameters.
Deducing control parameters and circuit parameters of the equivalent wind turbine generator by using an impedance expression of the direct-driven fan to obtain a control parameter equivalent calculation method of the direct-driven wind turbine generator under the condition of small current collection line impedance, wherein the control parameter equivalent calculation method is expressed as follows:
（7）
wherein,k p 、k i is the proportional and integral coefficient of the current inner loop of the direct-drive fan,k p-PLL 、k i-PLL is the proportional-integral coefficient of the phase-locked loop,L g 、R g the subscript eq represents the equivalent corresponding parameter for the resistance and inductance of the filter.
And finally, correcting the dominant factor parameters. And selecting the impedance of the target branch before the equivalence as an equivalent target, comparing the impedance before and after the equivalence, selecting dominant factor parameters of each frequency band as identification objects, carrying out sectional identification, and correcting and calculating errors formed by the equivalent parts for each frequency band.
In the embodiment, a particle swarm algorithm is adopted to identify the equivalent parameters of the small signals in frequency bands. The particle swarm algorithm is a self-adaptive iterative algorithm based on population global search, and has the advantages of low requirement on an optimization function, high convergence speed and the like. Training a particle swarm algorithm in advance, and training by adopting measured impedance data, wherein the measured impedance data can be the impedance characteristic of an actual direct-drive wind turbine generator set obtained by using RTLab sweep frequency measurement. RT-LAB is a set of industrial-scale system real-time simulation platforms developed by Opal-RT Technologies, canada. The frequency sweep method can measure the impedance characteristics of the unit by injecting perturbations at the unit end.
For parameter identification in the mth partition, the fitness function of the PSO algorithm can be written as:
（8）
wherein Z is br Representing detailed impedance, Z of equivalent front branches of wind turbine generator br eq Representing the branch equivalent impedance.
s is the frequency domain operator and,s m，min ，s m，max boundary points representing the mth band interval，M=1, 2, …, M, which is the j-th dominant factor parameter of the M-th frequency band.
The branch equivalent impedance expression can be obtained by the impedance aggregation approximation calculation of the formula (1) and the dominant parameter identification of the formula (8):
（9）
where d represents the d-axis component in the dq coordinate system, and q represents the q-axis component in the dq coordinate system.
The dq coordinate system is a mathematical model based on three-phase current or voltage that can be analyzed and calculated by converting a three-phase circuit into a two-phase circuit. The dq_coordinate system consists of two mutually perpendicular axes, the d-axis is consistent with the phase of the three-phase voltage or current, and the q-axis is perpendicular to the d-axis. The dq coordinate system can convert three-phase voltages or currents into two orthogonal dq axis components, simplifying computational and analytical complexity, commonly used for vector control.
Eight fans under the same branch are selected for verification of equivalent effect. In order to attach the actual running condition of the wind power plant as much as possible, the calculation example sets that the active power emitted by eight fans under the same branch is different. Firstly, calculating equivalent model parameters by using an equivalent calculation method, then analyzing the sensitivity of key parameters of the calculated equivalent impedance model, and finally, identifying impedance characteristic parameters based on a particle swarm algorithm.
The detailed impedance model, the calculated parameter equivalent impedance model and the identified parameter equivalent impedance model at the same operating point are shown in fig. 3. As can be seen from fig. 3, the impedance characteristics of the equivalent model formed by calculating the equivalent value only have a larger difference from the impedance characteristics of the original branch model, and cannot meet the requirement of small interference analysis. Therefore, the particle swarm algorithm is required to be adopted for parameter identification, and equivalent errors are corrected and calculated. As can be seen from fig. 3, after the parameter identification based on the particle swarm algorithm is performed, the impedance characteristics of the identified parameter equivalent impedance model and the original branch model are basically consistent, and the equivalent accuracy is greatly improved. Specifically, the error of each impedance is within 0.5%.
In order to verify the accuracy of the equivalent model at different working points. The detailed impedance model and the identification parameter equivalent impedance model of the branch power 10 MW,15 MW,20 MW are compared, and the result is shown in fig. 4. The impedance values of Zdd, zqd are unchanged at different active powers and are not affected by the power operating point. While the magnitude of Zdq, zqq increases with increasing power. The equivalent model provided by the method can be obtained to have high accuracy under different working points. Therefore, the equivalent model can be suitable for stability analysis under different working conditions.
The embodiment of the direct-drive wind farm small signal equivalent modeling method is described in detail above, and based on the direct-drive wind farm small signal equivalent modeling method described in the above embodiment, the embodiment of the invention also provides a direct-drive wind farm small signal equivalent modeling system corresponding to the method.
Fig. 5 is a schematic block diagram of a direct-drive wind farm small-signal equivalent modeling system according to an embodiment of the present invention, where the direct-drive wind farm small-signal equivalent modeling system 500 may be divided into a plurality of functional modules according to the functions performed by the direct-drive wind farm small-signal equivalent modeling system, as shown in fig. 5. The functional module may include: the system comprises an equivalent impedance model aggregation calculation module 510, a dominant factor parameter selection module 520, a dominant factor parameter identification module 530 and an equivalent impedance model correction module 540. The module referred to in the present invention refers to a series of computer program segments capable of being executed by at least one processor and of performing a fixed function, stored in a memory.
Equivalent impedance model aggregation calculation module 510: adopting a multi-motor equivalent modeling principle, and enabling the equivalent of the wind turbine on each branch to be an expansion wind turbine; and performing aggregate approximate calculation on the wind turbine generator impedance of the capacity-expansion wind turbine generator to obtain a wind turbine generator equivalent impedance model, wherein the wind turbine generator equivalent impedance model is a function of circuit parameters and control parameters.
Dominant factor parameter selection module 520: the sensitivity of the detailed impedance of the equivalent front branch of the wind turbine generator to each parameter is calculated in the full frequency band, the full frequency band is divided into a plurality of frequency bands, and at least one parameter with the maximum sensitivity in each frequency band is selected as a dominant factor parameter of the current frequency band.
Dominant factor parameter identification module 530: for each frequency band, the dominant factor parameters of the current frequency band are identified to correct errors formed by the aggregate approximation calculation.
Equivalent impedance model correction module 540: and obtaining a final equivalent impedance model of the wind turbine generator by aggregating the approximate calculated equivalent impedance model of the wind turbine generator and the dominant factor parameter identification result.
The direct-drive wind farm small signal equivalent modeling system of the embodiment is used for realizing the direct-drive wind farm small signal equivalent modeling method, so that the specific implementation of the system can be seen from the foregoing example part of the direct-drive wind farm small signal equivalent modeling method, and therefore, the specific implementation of the system can be referred to the description of the corresponding examples of each part and will not be further described herein.
In addition, since the direct-drive wind farm small signal equivalent modeling system of the embodiment is used for implementing the direct-drive wind farm small signal equivalent modeling method, the actions thereof correspond to those of the method, and the details are not repeated here.
Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a terminal 600 according to an embodiment of the present invention, including: processor 610, memory 620, and communication unit 630. The processor 610 is configured to implement the following steps when implementing the direct-drive wind farm small signal equivalent modeling program stored in the memory 620:
adopting a multi-motor equivalent modeling principle, and enabling the equivalent of the wind turbine on each branch to be an expansion wind turbine;
performing aggregate approximate calculation on the wind turbine generator impedance of the capacity-expansion wind turbine generator to obtain a wind turbine generator equivalent impedance model, wherein the wind turbine generator equivalent impedance model is a function of circuit parameters and control parameters;
calculating the sensitivity of the detailed impedance of the equivalent front branch of the wind turbine generator to each parameter in the full frequency band, dividing the full frequency band into a plurality of frequency bands, and selecting at least one parameter with the maximum sensitivity in each frequency band as a dominant factor parameter of the current frequency band;
identifying dominant factor parameters of the current frequency band for each frequency band to correct errors formed by aggregate approximate calculation;
and obtaining a final equivalent impedance model of the wind turbine generator by aggregating the approximate calculated equivalent impedance model of the wind turbine generator and the dominant factor parameter identification result.
The terminal 600 includes a processor 610, a memory 620, and a communication unit 630. The components may communicate via one or more buses, and it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the configuration of the server as shown in the drawings is not limiting of the invention, as it may be a bus-like structure, a star-like structure, or include more or fewer components than shown, or may be a combination of certain components or a different arrangement of components.
The memory 620 may be used to store instructions for execution by the processor 610, and the memory 620 may be implemented by any type of volatile or non-volatile memory terminal or combination thereof, such as Static Random Access Memory (SRAM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), programmable read-only memory (PROM), read-only memory (ROM), magnetic memory, flash memory, magnetic disk, or optical disk. The execution of the instructions in memory 620, when executed by processor 610, enables terminal 600 to perform some or all of the steps in the method embodiments described below.
The processor 610 is a control center of the storage terminal, connects various parts of the entire electronic terminal using various interfaces and lines, and performs various functions of the electronic terminal and/or processes data by running or executing software programs and/or modules stored in the memory 620, and invoking data stored in the memory. The processor may be comprised of an integrated circuit (Integrated Circuit, simply referred to as an IC), for example, a single packaged IC, or may be comprised of a plurality of packaged ICs connected to the same function or different functions. For example, the processor 610 may include only a central processing unit (Central Processing Unit, simply CPU). In the embodiment of the invention, the CPU can be a single operation core or can comprise multiple operation cores.
A communication unit 630, configured to establish a communication channel, so that the storage terminal can communicate with other terminals. Receiving user data sent by other terminals or sending the user data to other terminals.
The invention also provides a computer storage medium, which can be a magnetic disk, an optical disk, a read-only memory (ROM) or a random access memory (random access memory, RAM) and the like.
The computer storage medium stores a direct-drive wind farm small signal equivalent modeling program, and the direct-drive wind farm small signal equivalent modeling program realizes the following steps when being executed by a processor:
adopting a multi-motor equivalent modeling principle, and enabling the equivalent of the wind turbine on each branch to be an expansion wind turbine;
performing aggregate approximate calculation on the wind turbine generator impedance of the capacity-expansion wind turbine generator to obtain a wind turbine generator equivalent impedance model, wherein the wind turbine generator equivalent impedance model is a function of circuit parameters and control parameters;
calculating the sensitivity of the detailed impedance of the equivalent front branch of the wind turbine generator to each parameter in the full frequency band, dividing the full frequency band into a plurality of frequency bands, and selecting at least one parameter with the maximum sensitivity in each frequency band as a dominant factor parameter of the current frequency band;
identifying dominant factor parameters of the current frequency band for each frequency band to correct errors formed by aggregate approximate calculation;
and obtaining a final equivalent impedance model of the wind turbine generator by aggregating the approximate calculated equivalent impedance model of the wind turbine generator and the dominant factor parameter identification result.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the techniques of embodiments of the present invention may be implemented in software plus a necessary general purpose hardware platform. Based on such understanding, the technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention may be embodied essentially or in a part contributing to the prior art in the form of a software product stored in a storage medium such as a U-disc, a mobile hard disc, a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a random access Memory (RAM, random Access Memory), a magnetic disk or an optical disk, etc. various media capable of storing program codes, including several instructions for causing a computer terminal (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a second terminal, a network terminal, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the method described in the embodiments of the present invention.
In the several embodiments provided by the present invention, it should be understood that the disclosed systems, devices, and methods may be implemented in other manners. For example, the apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative, e.g., the division of the units is merely a logical function division, and there may be additional divisions when actually implemented, e.g., multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be omitted or not performed. Alternatively, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed with each other may be an indirect coupling or communication connection via some interfaces, devices or units, which may be in electrical, mechanical or other form.
The units described as separate units may or may not be physically separate, and units shown as units may or may not be physical units, may be located in one place, or may be distributed on a plurality of network units. Some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment.
In addition, each functional unit in the embodiments of the present invention may be integrated in one processing unit, or each unit may exist alone physically, or two or more units may be integrated in one unit.
The foregoing disclosure is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the invention and the invention is not limited thereto, since modifications and variations may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principles of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The direct-drive wind farm small signal equivalent modeling method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
adopting a multi-motor equivalent modeling principle, and enabling the equivalent of the wind turbine on each branch to be an expansion wind turbine;
performing aggregate approximate calculation on the wind turbine generator impedance of the capacity-expansion wind turbine generator to obtain a wind turbine generator equivalent impedance model, wherein the wind turbine generator equivalent impedance model is a function of circuit parameters and control parameters;
calculating the sensitivity of the detailed impedance of the equivalent front branch of the wind turbine generator to each parameter in the full frequency band, dividing the full frequency band into a plurality of frequency bands, and selecting at least one parameter with the maximum sensitivity in each frequency band as a dominant factor parameter of the current frequency band;
identifying dominant factor parameters of the current frequency band for each frequency band to correct errors formed by aggregate approximate calculation;
and obtaining a final equivalent impedance model of the wind turbine generator by aggregating the approximate calculated equivalent impedance model of the wind turbine generator and the dominant factor parameter identification result.
2. The direct-drive wind farm small signal equivalent modeling method according to claim 1, wherein the aggregation approximation calculation is performed on the wind turbine generator impedance of the capacity-expansion wind turbine generator to obtain a wind turbine generator equivalent impedance model, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
(a) Neglecting the influence of a current collecting circuit, taking a plurality of wind turbines of the same branch as a pure parallel relation, considering that the running working points, circuit parameters and control parameters of the wind turbines of the same branch are the same, and assuming that the impedance of each wind turbine is the same, N wind turbines on the branch are directly connected in parallel, the aggregate impedance of the wind turbines is expressed as:
（1）
wherein,Z g in order for the filter impedance to be a function of,Z gsc for the side converter of the networkThe resistance to the chemical,Z ig 、Z ug for the phase-locked loop impedance to be,Eis a unit matrix;
(b) Obtaining the impedance quantity relation of each part of the equivalent front and rear fan units according to a parallel connection principle, wherein the formula is expressed as follows:
（2）。
3. the direct-drive wind farm small signal equivalent modeling method according to claim 2, wherein the method is characterized in that the sensitivity of detailed impedance of a wind turbine generator equivalent front branch to each parameter is calculated in a full frequency band, the full frequency band is divided into a plurality of frequency bands, and at least one parameter with the maximum sensitivity in each frequency band is selected as a dominant factor parameter of the current frequency band, and specifically comprises the following steps:
(a) Defining a control parameter and a circuit parameter set of the wind turbine, wherein the control parameter and the circuit parameter set are expressed as follows:
x WT_para ={x 1 ，x 2 ， …… ，x D }（3）
wherein D represents the number of parameters;
(b) In the full frequency band [ H1, H2 ]]In the Hertz range, the sensitivity is calculated once for all parameters per hour of Hertz step lengthK s The calculation formula is expressed as:
K si =（4）
K si indicating the sensitivity of the ith parameter;
(c) Dividing the full frequency band into M frequency bands, calculating the average value of the sensitivity of each parameter in each frequency band, and selecting at least one parameter with the maximum average value of the sensitivity in each frequency band as the dominant factor parameter of the current frequency band.
4. The direct-drive wind farm small signal equivalent modeling method according to claim 3, wherein for each frequency band, identifying dominant factor parameters of the current frequency band to correct errors formed by aggregate approximate calculation, specifically comprising:
for each frequency band, a particle swarm algorithm is adopted to identify dominant factor parameters of the current frequency band, and the fitness function of the particle swarm algorithm is as follows:
（5）
wherein Z is br Representing detailed impedance, Z of equivalent front branches of wind turbine generator br eq Representing the equivalent impedance of the branch;
s is the frequency domain operator and,s m，min ，s m，max represents the boundary point of the mth band interval,is the j-th dominant factor parameter of the m-th frequency band.
5. The direct-drive wind farm small signal equivalent modeling method according to claim 4, wherein the final wind turbine equivalent impedance model is obtained by aggregating the approximate calculated wind turbine equivalent impedance model and the dominant factor parameter identification result, and specifically comprises the following steps:
obtaining a final equivalent impedance model of the wind turbine generator set through a formula (1) and a formula (5), wherein the expression is as follows:
（7）
where d represents the d-axis component in the dq coordinate system, and q represents the q-axis component in the dq coordinate system.
6. The direct-drive wind farm small signal equivalent modeling method according to claim 5, wherein when the wind turbine generator impedance of the capacity-expansion wind turbine generator is subjected to aggregate approximate calculation to obtain a wind turbine generator equivalent impedance model, the method further comprises the following steps:
performing aggregation approximation calculation on the current collecting line impedance of the capacity-expansion wind turbine generator to obtain a current collecting line equivalent impedance model;
and performing aggregate approximate calculation on the transformer impedance of the capacity-expansion wind turbine generator to obtain a transformer equivalent impedance model.
7. The direct-drive wind farm small signal equivalent modeling method according to claim 6, wherein the method is characterized in that the collecting line equivalent impedance model is obtained by performing aggregate approximate calculation on the collecting line impedance of the capacity-expansion wind turbine generator, and specifically comprises the following steps:
the constant power loss method is adopted for equivalence, the power loss on the current collecting lines before and after the equivalence is considered inconvenient, the current collecting lines are equivalent to an aggregation impedance, and then the current collecting line equivalent impedance model expression is:
（8）
wherein,Z Li is the firstiLine impedance of the station set branch;P Li for flowing through impedanceZ Li Is a loss of (2);
performing aggregate approximate calculation on transformer impedance of the capacity-expansion wind turbine generator to obtain a transformer equivalent impedance model, wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps of:
the method comprises the steps that the equivalent of a machine-end transformer of a wind turbine generator is a capacity-expanding transformer positioned at the machine end of the equivalent wind turbine generator, the impedance of the capacity-expanding transformer is the parallel connection of the impedance of all the machine-end transformers of the wind turbine generator, and then the calculation formulas of the equivalent capacity and the equivalent impedance of the capacity-expanding transformer are expressed as follows:
（9）
wherein,S T_eq 、Z T_eq respectively the equivalent capacity and the equivalent impedance of the capacity expansion transformer,S Ti 、Z Ti is the original wind farmInner first i Capacity and impedance of the transformers at the motor ends of the wind turbine generator.
8. A direct-drive wind power plant small signal equivalent modeling system is characterized by comprising,
the equivalent impedance model aggregation calculation module: adopting a multi-motor equivalent modeling principle, and enabling the equivalent of the wind turbine on each branch to be an expansion wind turbine; performing aggregate approximate calculation on the wind turbine generator impedance of the capacity-expansion wind turbine generator to obtain a wind turbine generator equivalent impedance model, wherein the wind turbine generator equivalent impedance model is a function of circuit parameters and control parameters;
the dominant factor parameter selection module: calculating the sensitivity of the detailed impedance of the equivalent front branch of the wind turbine generator to each parameter in the full frequency band, dividing the full frequency band into a plurality of frequency bands, and selecting at least one parameter with the maximum sensitivity in each frequency band as a dominant factor parameter of the current frequency band;
dominant factor parameter identification module: identifying dominant factor parameters of the current frequency band for each frequency band to correct errors formed by aggregate approximate calculation;
the equivalent impedance model correction module: and obtaining a final equivalent impedance model of the wind turbine generator by aggregating the approximate calculated equivalent impedance model of the wind turbine generator and the dominant factor parameter identification result.
9. A terminal, comprising:
the storage is used for storing a direct-drive wind farm small signal equivalent modeling program;
the processor is used for realizing the steps of the direct-drive wind farm small signal equivalent modeling method according to any one of claims 1-7 when the direct-drive wind farm small signal equivalent modeling program is executed.
10. A computer readable storage medium, characterized in that the readable storage medium has stored thereon a direct drive wind farm small signal equivalent modeling program, which when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the direct drive wind farm small signal equivalent modeling method according to any of claims 1-7.
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