CN108303522B - A kind of short fiber reinforced composite fiber length distribution quantitative evaluating method - Google Patents
A kind of short fiber reinforced composite fiber length distribution quantitative evaluating method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of short fiber reinforced composite fiber length distribution quantitative evaluating methods, this method is realized based on skeleton piecewise combination, the following steps are included: isolating the fiber in short fiber reinforced composite sample and being dispersed randomly on glass slide, acquisition is dispersed in the micro-image of fiber and incoming computer on glass slide, image segmentation and micronization processes are carried out to micro-image, the skeleton of the expression fiber shape of acquisition is interrupted by crosspoint to be grouped again after skeleton segment, all skeleton segments correspond to same root fiber in each grouping, straight line fitting is carried out to each grouping, obtain indicating the line segment of fibre length, true measurement is finally converted for the length in pixels of fiber according to micro-image scale and is counted.The present invention is a kind of accurate optical imaging measurement method, can promote measurement efficiency, reduces working strength.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to short fiber reinforced composite assessment technology fields, and in particular to one kind is based on skeleton piecewise combination
Short fiber reinforced composite fiber length distribution quantitative evaluating method.
Background technique
Short fiber reinforced composite is the most wide a kind of composite material of purposes, the big, molding with specific strength and specific modulus
Simple process, can secondary operation many advantages, such as.Due in composite material shaping process between fiber and fiber, fiber and matrix
Between, there is complicated reciprocation between fiber and molding machine, some fibre is broken by larger external force,
Therefore fiber is different in size in fibre reinforced composites or product, there are a distribution of lengths, wherein being only more than critical length
The fiber of degree can just give full play to humidification.
When investigation of materials personnel are explained using theoretical model and predict composite materials property, need by empirically building
Vertical fiber length distribution model describes the distribution of material internal fibre length, therefore result of study is vulnerable to being formed on model foundation
And the accuracy and reasonability of correlation experience.So the qualitative assessment of short fiber reinforced composite fiber length distribution, can use
In verifying experience and theoretical model about fiber length distribution, promote relationship between composite materials property and fibre length
Research, provides basic data for the mechanical properties prediction and assessment of composite material, so as to shorten researcher's full appreciation material
Process and accelerate development and the development cycle of new material.As it can be seen that short fiber reinforced composite fibre length point is quantitatively evaluated
Cloth is of great significance.
Document " Fu S Y, Lauke B,E,et al.Tensile properties of short-glass-
fiber-and short-carbon-fiber-reinforced polypropylene composites[J]
.Composites Part A Applied Science&Manufacturing, 2000,31 (10): 1117-1125 " will be micro-
The fiber distributed image generation of mirror acquisition is transmitted to computer, is then divided with mouse in fiber in the mating image processing software of microscope
Scattered image submits the endpoint for mutually choosing each fiber, obtains the length in pixels of fiber and is converted into actual (tube) length according to image scale
Degree, to calculate fibre length and its distribution.The above method is simple, easy, is current qualitative assessment fibre reinforced composites
The conventional method of fiber length distribution.But the quantity of fiber to be measured is generally at hundreds of or more, with mouse one by one in fiber
The endpoint of each fiber of manual markings in distributed image generation operates complicated, great work intensity, while will not draw during being difficult to ensure
Enter human error.In addition, document " Shen H, Nutt S, Hull D.Direct observation and measurement
of fiber architecture in short fiber-polymer composite foam through micro-CT
Imaging [J] .Composites Science&Technology, 2004,64 (13-14): 2113-2120 " has reported one kind
Using the method for CT three-dimensional reconstruction quantitative evaluation Fiber In Composite Material distribution of lengths, this method passes through to composite material one
The computer disposal of serial continuous two dimensional image and analysis, directly reappear the three-dimensional structure of composite inner fiber, in addition to keeping away
Exempt from theoretically can also obtain the measurement result of higher precision outside complicated manual markings fibrous end point.But this method is further
Using still seriously being restricted, in addition to equipment is expensive, more important is CT system, there are spatial resolutions and imaging depth of focus to contradict
The problem of.Such as existing Micro CT system thickness can be imaged up to several millimeters of sample, but its spatial resolution is generally in micron
Magnitude；Spatial resolution is promoted to ten nanometers of level by existing Nano CT system, however is only capable of being up to tens to thickness micro-
The sample imaging of rice.And carbon fiber, glass fibre draw ratio are very big, for general diameter at several to more than ten microns, length is then general
It is hundreds of microns to several millimeters, therefore is difficult to accurately obtain the length point of sufficient amount of fiber using CT three-dimensional reconstruction
Cloth.In addition, CT system is imaged X-ray absorption degree difference based on different material.Therefore CT three-dimensional reconstruction is also uncomfortable
The composite material close for matrix and fibrous unsaturated polyester density, such as carbon fiber reinforced polymer-based composite material.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to solve drawbacks described above in the prior art, provide a kind of short fiber reinforced composite
Fiber length distribution quantitative evaluating method.
The purpose of the present invention can be reached by adopting the following technical scheme that:
A kind of short fiber reinforced composite fiber length distribution quantitative evaluating method, the appraisal procedure are based on skeleton
Piecewise combination is realized, comprising the following steps:
S1, fiber is separated from short fiber reinforced composite sample, fiber is dispersed randomly on glass slide；
S2, it is dispersed in the image of fiber on glass slide using microscope acquisition, and is passed to computer；
S3, image segmentation is carried out to fiber distributed image generation, obtains the bianry image for indicating fiber pixel, and by described two
It is worth image and carries out image thinning processing, obtains the skeleton for indicating fiber shape；
S4, fiber skeleton is interrupted by bifurcation as skeleton segment, straight line fitting is carried out to each skeleton segment；
S5, all skeleton segments are grouped again according to fitting a straight line, whole skeleton segments correspond to same root fibre in each grouping
Dimension, and straight line fitting is carried out to each grouping, obtain straight line where each fiber；
The line segment for the expression fibre length that S6, straight line and bianry image where fiber obtain, according to fiber distributed image generation
On scale convert fibre length true measurement for the length in pixels of the line segment, unite to all fibres length
Meter.
Further, it includes molten for separating the method for fiber in the step S1 from short fiber reinforced composite sample
Agent dissolves matrix and burns out the mode of matrix.
Further, that fiber is dispersed randomly to process on glass slide in the step S1 is as follows:
Few fibers are toppled on glass slide at random；
By a small amount of dehydrated alcohol drop on glass slide；
Vert glass slide back and forth, disperses fiber substantially；
Glass slide is placed in shady place, is volatilized naturally to dehydrated alcohol.
Further, the judgement of the bifurcation of fiber skeleton is based on following rule in the step S4: if the 8 of skeletal point
In neighborhood, i.e., then it is determined as bifurcation there are more than two skeletal point in 8 pixels of surrounding.
Further, the rule that the step S5 middle skeleton section is grouped are as follows:
Two skeleton segments are fitted to straight line respectively, if the absolute value of the difference of fitting a straight line slope is less than preset threshold T1, and
And the distance of one of skeleton segment center of gravity to another skeleton segment fitting a straight line is less than preset threshold T2, while the two center of gravity spacing
From less than preset threshold T3When, the two skeleton segments are grouped into the same group, wherein the threshold value T1Size be tan4 ° extremely
Tan6 °, the threshold value T2Size is 0.6 times to 0.8 times of fibre diameter, the threshold value T3Size is longest fiber length
Further, the rule that the step S5 middle skeleton section is grouped further include: length is less than preset threshold T4
Skeleton segment and be not involved in grouping, the threshold value T4Size is 3 times of fibre diameter.
Further, indicate that the acquisition process of the line segment of fibre length is as follows in the step S6:
Only retain in bianry image and be located at fiber institute pixel on straight line, if these pixels composition main section；
If in the main section, choosing midpoint and fiber skeleton section being grouped the immediate line of overall position of centre of gravity
Section, to indicate fibre length.
The present invention has the following advantages and effects with respect to the prior art:
The present invention realizes the automation, big of fibre length by computer disposal to fiber distributed image generation and analysis
Scale measurement avoids in fiber distributed image generation human-computer interaction one by one and chooses fibrous end point, greatly improves working efficiency, drop
While low working strength, the error of manual operation introducing is avoided.Further it is proposed that method also have it is at low cost
The advantages of honest and clean, strong applicability.If applying the present invention to short fiber reinforced composite microstructure quantitative study, it can shorten and grind
Study carefully the process of personnel's full appreciation material and accelerate development and the development cycle of new material, promotes composite materials property and fibre
The research of relationship, has the function of the development of composite material very positive between dimension length.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the fiber scatter diagram of acquisition；
Fig. 2 is the binary map of fiber distributed image generation；
Fig. 3 is the skeleton schematic diagram for the single pixel for indicating fiber shape；
Fig. 4 is fiber skeleton bifurcation schematic diagram；
Fig. 5 is the skeleton and bifurcation schematic diagram of three decussating fibers；
Fig. 6 is to interrupt the skeleton of three decussating fibers for several skeleton segment schematic diagrames by bifurcation；
Fig. 7 is that the single fiber drawn in bianry image corresponds to straight line schematic diagram；
Fig. 8 is that single fiber corresponds to several connected regions signal of the straight line by the line segment shape formed when bianry image
Figure；
Fig. 9 is the real connected region schematic diagram for indicating fibre length；
Figure 10 is the line segment schematic diagram repainted according to fibre length measurement result；
Figure 11 is the statistical Butut of the fibre length of manual method measurement；
Figure 12 is the statistical Butut using the fibre length of the method for the present invention measurement.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the object, technical scheme and advantages of the embodiment of the invention clearer, below in conjunction with the embodiment of the present invention
In attached drawing, technical scheme in the embodiment of the invention is clearly and completely described, it is clear that described embodiment is
A part of the embodiment of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.Based on the embodiments of the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art
Every other embodiment obtained without making creative work, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment
The present embodiment is specifically introduced a kind of based on skeleton segmentation group so that chopped carbon fiber enhances lactic acid composite material as an example
The short fiber reinforced composite fiber length distribution quantitative evaluating method of conjunction realizes that process is as follows:
Any one position of composite sample to be measured is intercepted first, is placed it in crucible, and crucible is put into Muffle furnace,
It is burned 4 hours at 500 DEG C, burns out polylactic acid matrix, only surplus carbon fiber.
It is later that the carbon fiber separated is cooling, part is poured out at random on glass slide.Then by a small amount of dehydrated alcohol
Drop is on glass slide, and tilt rotation, makes the carbon fiber on glass slide substantially spread out, then by glass slide as calm back and forth
Place's sunning.After ethyl alcohol volatilizees naturally, it is long that glass slide is placed on acquisition fiber under 3DFAMILY VMC250S image measurer
Distributed image is spent, fiber has a large amount of the case where intersecting in figure, as shown in Figure 1.
Binary conversion treatment is carried out to the fiber distributed image generation using Ostu image segmentation, pixel, which is divided into, in figure belongs to
The region and background area of fiber, as shown in Figure 2.
Micronization processes are carried out to bianry image shown in Fig. 2 using refinement method is tabled look-up, obtain the single picture for indicating fiber shape
Plain lines, i.e. fiber skeleton, as shown in Figure 3.
Fiber skeleton is single pixel lines, and non-crossing 8 neighborhood of position Skeleton pixel is interior, and there is only 2 Skeleton pixels.If bone
In 8 neighborhood of frame pixel, i.e., 8 pixel internal storages are marked as bifurcation, such as Fig. 4 in more than two Skeleton pixel around the pixel
Shown, bifurcation is marked with black circles.Whole fiber skeletons are interrupted as skeleton segment according to the bifurcation.In the middle part of Fig. 4
It is divided to X word decussating fibers crossover location there are two skeleton bifurcations, skeleton segment is referred to as skeleton common segment between the two bifurcations, is
Avoiding subsequent processing by skeleton burr and skeleton common segment error detection is fiber, and length is less than preset threshold T4Skeleton segment simultaneously
It is not involved in grouping, T43 times of fibre diameter are traditionally arranged to be, this example fibre diameter is about 18 pixels, T4It is arranged to 50 pixels.
The rule of classification of fiber skeleton section are as follows: two skeleton segments are fitted to straight line respectively, if the difference of fitting a straight line slope
Absolute value is less than preset threshold T1(size is tan4 ° to tan6 °), and one of skeleton segment center of gravity is quasi- to another skeleton segment
The distance for closing straight line is less than preset threshold T20.6 times to 0.8 times of fibre diameter (size be), while distance is small between the two center of gravity
In preset threshold T3When (size is longest fiber length), the two skeleton segments are divided into same group.Above-mentioned rule of classification base
Straight rod-shaped, threshold value T is generally in chopped strand1With threshold value T2It is required that the skeleton segment that can be grouped into the same group is located along the same line,
Preset threshold T3It will not be accidentally grouped into the same group it is required that belonging to and being located approximately at the skeleton segments of the different fibers of straight line.
Fig. 5 show the fiber of partial intersection in Fig. 4, is divided into 7 sections by skeleton bifurcation, as shown in Figure 6.T is arranged in this example1
=tan6 °, T2=15 pixels, then this 7 sections of skeleton segments are divided into (s by above-mentioned rule1, s7)、(s2, s3, s5) and (s4, s6) three groups,
Each group corresponds to a fiber.
After skeleton segment grouping finishes, whole skeleton segments correspond to same root fiber in each grouping.Each skeleton segment is grouped
Straight line fitting is carried out, straight line where each fiber is obtained, the calculating process of subsequent every fibre length is as shown in Figure 7 to 9:
(1) it is straight line where certain root fiber that the straight line across entire image is indulged in Fig. 7；
(2) pixel being located on the straight line in bianry image is retained, if bianry image only remains the connection of main section shape
Region, as shown in Figure 8.This minimum rule of distance that overall position of centre of gravity is grouped by line segment center to fiber skeleton section is from above-mentioned
If a line segment is selected in main section, to calculate fibre length.
(3) using the pixel distance between the connected region endpoint as fibre length, finally according in fiber distributed image generation
Scale converts the pixel distance of the connected region to the true measurement of fibre length.
Fibre-diagram picture shown in Fig. 1 is handled using the method for the present invention, according to fibre length calculated result
The line segment repainted is as shown in Figure 10.For the length for avoiding counting the endless Whole fiber for crossing image boundary, as a result middle removal
The fiber on contact image boundary.Each fiber is not only precisely separating and comes in image as seen from Figure 10, while each fiber
Shape is also very complete, illustrates the separation of plurality of fibers in the case of context of methods can be very good realization complex cross.
Fibre length is obtained by way of mouse interactive markup fibrous end point in image processing software with conventional
And the method for distribution is compared, method proposed by the present invention can obtain almost the same with this method as a result, the result handled Fig. 1
Maximum relative error is 5.2%, and the fibre length statistical Butut made according to result is also quite similar, respectively such as Figure 11 and figure
Shown in 12.Illustrate that method proposed by the present invention is avoided that in conventional method that manual interaction marks each fibrous end point this operation numerous
Trivial, great work intensity artificial process remains that conventional method is low in cost, result is accurately excellent while promoting working efficiency
Point, to more efficiently assess composite inner fiber distribution of lengths.
Compared with the method for application CT three-dimensional reconstruction quantitative evaluation Fiber In Composite Material distribution of lengths, the present invention is mentioned
The problem of method applicability out is stronger, contradicts there is no resolution ratio with Depth of field and fiber and basis material atom
Density can directly apply to and multiclass short fiber reinforced composite fibre length is quantitatively evaluated close to the problem of influence into image contrast
Distribution.
The above embodiment is a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but embodiments of the present invention are not by above-described embodiment
Limitation, other any changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, simplifications made without departing from the spirit and principles of the present invention,
It should be equivalent substitute mode, be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of short fiber reinforced composite fiber length distribution quantitative evaluating method, which is characterized in that the assessment side
Method is realized based on skeleton piecewise combination, comprising the following steps:
S1, fiber is separated from short fiber reinforced composite sample, fiber is dispersed randomly on glass slide；
S2, it is dispersed in the image of fiber on glass slide using microscope acquisition, and is passed to computer；
S3, image segmentation is carried out to fiber distributed image generation, obtains the bianry image for indicating fiber pixel, and by the binary map
As carrying out image thinning processing, the skeleton for indicating fiber shape is obtained；
S4, fiber skeleton is interrupted by bifurcation as skeleton segment, straight line fitting is carried out to each skeleton segment；
S5, all skeleton segments being grouped again according to fitting a straight line, whole skeleton segments correspond to same root fiber in each grouping, and
Straight line fitting is carried out to each grouping, obtains straight line where each fiber；
The rule that the step S5 middle skeleton section is grouped are as follows:
Two skeleton segments are fitted to straight line respectively, if the absolute value of the difference of fitting a straight line slope is less than preset threshold T1, and wherein
The distance of one skeleton segment center of gravity to another skeleton segment fitting a straight line is less than preset threshold T2, while distance is less than between the two center of gravity
Preset threshold T3When, the two skeleton segments are grouped into the same group, wherein the threshold value T1Size is tan4 ° to tan6 °, described
Threshold value T2Size is 0.6 times to 0.8 times of fibre diameter, the threshold value T3Size is longest fiber length；
The line segment for the expression fibre length that S6, straight line and bianry image where fiber obtain, according in fiber distributed image generation
The length in pixels of the line segment is converted fibre length true measurement by scale, counts to all fibres length.
2. a kind of short fiber reinforced composite fiber length distribution quantitative evaluating method according to claim 1, special
Sign is that the method for separating fiber in the step S1 from short fiber reinforced composite sample includes solvent dissolution matrix
With the mode for burning out matrix.
3. a kind of short fiber reinforced composite fiber length distribution quantitative evaluating method according to claim 1, special
Sign is, it is as follows that fiber is dispersed randomly to process on glass slide in the step S1:
Few fibers are toppled on glass slide at random；
By a small amount of dehydrated alcohol drop on glass slide；
Vert glass slide back and forth, disperses fiber substantially；
Glass slide is placed in shady place, is volatilized naturally to dehydrated alcohol.
4. a kind of short fiber reinforced composite fiber length distribution quantitative evaluating method according to claim 1, special
Sign is that the judgement of the bifurcation of fiber skeleton is based on following rule in the step S4: if in 8 neighborhoods of skeletal point, i.e.,
There are more than two skeletal point in 8 pixels of surrounding, then it is determined as bifurcation.
5. a kind of short fiber reinforced composite fiber length distribution quantitative evaluating method according to claim 1, special
Sign is, the rule that the step S5 middle skeleton section is grouped further include: length is less than preset threshold T4Skeleton segment simultaneously
It is not involved in grouping, the threshold value T4Size is 3 times of fibre diameter.
6. a kind of short fiber reinforced composite fiber length distribution quantitative evaluating method according to claim 1, special
Sign is, indicates that the acquisition process of the line segment of fibre length is as follows in the step S6:
Only retain in bianry image and be located at fiber institute pixel on straight line, if these pixels composition main section；
If in the main section, selecting midpoint and fiber skeleton section to be grouped the immediate line segment of overall position of centre of gravity, using
To indicate fibre length.
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| WO2008033789A2 (en) * | 2006-09-11 | 2008-03-20 | Ticona Llc | Method of measuring fiber length for long fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites |
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| CN101963491B (en) * | 2010-09-10 | 2012-10-31 | 珠海华伦造纸科技有限公司 | Papermaking fiber image measuring method |
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