CN108303359B - Atmospheric particulate matter single sampling channel double-parameter monitor and monitoring method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses an atmospheric particulate matter single sampling channel double-parameter monitor and a monitoring method, the monitor comprises a sample gas channel, a light scattering measurement module, a beta ray measurement module and a data processing unit, wherein the light scattering measurement module and the beta ray measurement module are sequentially arranged on the sample gas channel, the light scattering measurement module is used for measuring the ratio of PM10 to PM2.5 by adopting a light scattering method, the beta measurement module is used for measuring the concentration of PM10 by adopting a beta ray method, and the data processing unit is used for calculating the concentration of PM2.5 according to the ratio provided by the light scattering measurement module and the concentration of PM10 measured by the beta measurement module. The method uses one device to measure the concentration of two particle sizes, highly combines the advantages of a beta method and a light scattering method and a bridge, and realizes a product with low cost, low complexity, simple device and simple maintenance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of monitoring of PM2.5 and PM10 in atmospheric environment, in particular to an atmospheric particulate matter single sampling channel double-parameter monitor and a monitoring method.
Background
PM2.5 is also called fine particulate matter, fine grain, fine particle, refers to the aerodynamic equivalent diameter is less than or equal to 2.5 micron particle. It can be suspended in air for a long time, and the higher the content concentration in the air, the more serious the air pollution is. PM10 is also called inhalable particles, which refers to particles with aerodynamic equivalent diameter less than or equal to 10 microns.
Common measurement methods for PM2.5 concentration are: gravimetric methods, beta-ray absorption methods, and micro-oscillation balance methods, until now, no instrument or apparatus has been available to accurately determine the mass concentration of PM2.5 in the atmosphere because of errors in any measurement. Such as a vibration balance method, a beta-ray method and a high-flow or medium-flow filter membrane method can only be used for monitoring the mass concentration of the PM2.5 in the atmosphere conditionally, so that the improvement on the aspect of instruments is needed.
Common measurement methods for PM10 concentration include: gravimetric method, micro-oscillation balance method, beta-ray apparatus method, laser scattering method. At present, most of environment-friendly base stations in China adopt a beta ray method.
The light scattering measurement method is characterized in that an optical sensor measures scattered light generated when particles pass through a light path with a wavelength of 880nm, the response of the optical sensor is in a linear relation with the concentration of the particles, and the second-level scattered light flux can be continuously calculated so as to obtain the concentration value of the particles. The particulate matter may then deposit on the glass fiber filter belt.
The β -ray method based on the offset method is a measurement method in which an offset mechanism is used instead of a differential mechanism, and overcomes the disadvantages of the differential method, in which the atmospheric air of a constant flow rate is continuously taken as a sample gas into a sampling tube, PM in the sample gas is continuously collected by a collection device such as a filter belt for a collection area provided downstream of the sampling tube, and β -rays are irradiated to the collected PM by a β -ray source (typically, a C14 radiation source), and when the β -rays emitted from the C14 radiation source are incident on the PM, the β -rays are absorbed by the PM to cause attenuation of the β -ray intensity, and the attenuated β -ray intensity corresponds to the relative density of the PM, so that when the energy of the β -rays emitted from the C14 radiation source is constant, the concentration of the collected PM is finally measured by the β -ray absorption method using the β -ray intensity of the detector transmitted through the PM.
Professional environmental monitoring needs to give concentration values of PM2.5 and PM10 at the same time, and currently, two-channel detectors with two sampling channels or two devices for measuring the concentrations of two particulate matters are used more frequently. A situation may arise in actual measurements where the 1 hour average mass concentration of PM2.5 is higher than PM10, causing "PM2.5 and PM10 hang up".
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an atmospheric particulate matter single-sampling-channel double-parameter monitor, which can realize simultaneous monitoring of two particulate matter concentrations by a single device and a single sample gas channel so as to solve the problem of 'PM 2.5 and PM10 hanging upside down'.
The invention also aims to provide a single-channel double-concentration monitoring method for atmospheric particulates, which realizes that a single device and a single sample gas channel can monitor the concentrations of two particulates simultaneously so as to solve the problem of 'PM 2.5 and PM10 hang upside down'.
Therefore, the invention provides an atmospheric particulate matter single-sampling-channel double-parameter monitor which comprises a sample gas channel, a light scattering measurement module, a beta ray measurement module and a data processing unit, wherein the light scattering measurement module and the beta ray measurement module are sequentially arranged on the sample gas channel, the light scattering measurement module is used for measuring the ratio of PM10 to PM2.5 by adopting a light scattering method, the beta measurement module is used for measuring the concentration of PM10 by adopting a beta ray method, and the data processing unit is used for calculating the concentration of PM2.5 according to the ratio provided by the light scattering measurement module and the concentration of PM10 measured by the beta measurement module.
Further, in the measuring period when the beta measuring module measures the concentration of PM10 next time, the data processing unit corrects the real-time ratio measured by the light scattering module, and uses the corrected ratio for the concentration calculation of PM 2.5.
According to another aspect of the invention, the atmospheric particulate matter single-sampling-channel dual-parameter monitor comprises a sample gas channel, a light scattering measurement module, a beta ray measurement module and a data processing unit, wherein the light scattering measurement module, the beta ray measurement module and the data processing unit are sequentially arranged on the sample gas channel, the light scattering measurement module is used for measuring the ratio of PM10 to PM2.5 by adopting a light scattering method, the beta measurement module is used for measuring the concentration of PM2.5 by adopting a beta ray method, and the data processing unit is used for calculating the concentration of PM10 according to the ratio provided by the light scattering measurement module and the concentration of PM2.5 measured by the beta measurement module.
Further, in a measurement period when the beta measurement module measures the concentration of PM2.5 next time, the data processing unit is used for correcting the real-time ratio measured by the light scattering module, and the corrected ratio is used for calculating the concentration of PM 10.
The invention also provides a single sampling channel double-parameter monitoring method for atmospheric particulates, which comprises the following steps: measuring the real-time ratio of PM2.5 to PM10 by a light scattering method in the same sample gas channel, and then measuring the concentration of one of PM10 and PM2.5 by a beta ray method; correcting the real-time ratio during a measurement period when the beta ray method measures the concentration of PM10 or PM2.5, and using the corrected ratio for the concentration calculation of PM2.5 or PM 10; from the corrected ratio and the measured concentration of one of PM10 and PM2.5, the concentration of the other of PM10 and PM2.5 is calculated.
The invention uses one device to measure the concentration of two particle sizes by one sample gas channel, highly combines the advantages of a beta method and a light scattering method, realizes the comprehensive requirements of low cost, high measurement precision and reliable result of products, and effectively avoids the inverse hanging of PM2.5 and PM 10.
In addition to the objects, features and advantages described above, other objects, features and advantages of the present invention are also provided. The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the drawings.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a single sampling channel dual parameter monitor for atmospheric particulates according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the light scattering module of the single-channel double-concentration detector for atmospheric particulates according to the present invention; and
fig. 3 shows a schematic diagram of the principle of the atmospheric particulates single-channel dual-concentration monitoring method according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings.
The invention combines a beta ray method and a light scattering method, adopts a single sample gas channel and the same equipment, simultaneously monitors two concentrations of monitored particulate matters in ambient air, namely the concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10, achieves the monitoring standard of a national standard method, avoids the inverse hanging of PM2.5 and PM10, and has the advantages of two methods.
The monitor is mainly applied to the fields of urban functional areas, industrial enterprise plant boundaries, construction field boundaries and social life raise dust monitoring, the raise dust concentration is monitored, products face environmental protection monitoring departments, the periphery of high-pollution enterprises and departments such as remote sensing, meteorology and climate change, and detection means are provided for ground raise dust concentration data in the fields such as climate change, environmental monitoring and remote sensing application.
In an embodiment, referring to fig. 1 and 3 in combination, the atmospheric particulate single-sampling-channel dual-parameter monitor includes a sample gas channel 20, a sampler 10 disposed at the top of the sample gas channel 20, a light scattering module 30 connected in series to the sample gas channel, and a host 40, wherein a beta ray measurement module 50 and a data processing unit 60 are disposed in the host, and the light scattering module is connected to the host through a communication bus to implement real-time data transmission.
As shown in fig. 2, the light scattering module 30 has an inlet 31 at the upper end and an outlet 32 at the lower end, and is connected in series in the sample gas channel, the internal gas channel 33 is used for light scattering measurement, and the sample gas enters the subsequent beta ray measurement module after passing through the sampler and the light scattering module 30.
In the working process, sample gas is filtered by the sampler 10, enters the sample gas channel, enters the light scattering module from the upper end inlet, enters the internal gas path to realize the nondestructive measurement by the light scattering method, and then enters the host machine to be measured by the beta ray measuring module 50.
The light scattering module 30 is used for measuring the ratio of PM10 to PM2.5 by using a light scattering method, the beta ray measuring module in the host is used for measuring the concentration of PM10 by using a beta ray method, and the data processing unit is used for calculating the concentration of PM2.5 according to the ratio and the concentration.
As shown in fig. 3, the monitoring method of the atmospheric particulate matter single-sampling-channel double-parameter monitor of the invention is as follows:
after the sample gas passes through the sampler, the sample gas enters the light scattering module, the proportional relation K between PM10 and PM2.5 is measured by the light scattering module, the measuring period is short, for example, once in 1 minute, then the concentration of PM10 is measured by the beta ray measuring module, the measuring period is long, for example, once in 1 hour, and then the data processing unit 60 calculates the concentration of PM2.5 according to the concentration of PM10 obtained by the beta ray measuring module and the proportional relation K obtained in the measuring period.
Preferably, the method for correcting the proportional relation K is as follows:
A. measurement of Standard method PM10 concentration value PM10beta；
B. The light scattering module measures the 1 minute PM10/PM2.5 concentration relative value k1, the light scattering module measures the 2 minute PM10/PM2.5 concentration relative value k2, and the light scattering module measures the n minute PM10/PM2.5 concentration relative value kn;
C. measuring n concentration ratios within 60min, and finally calculating K ═ (K1+ K2+. said.)/n, or calculating Kn ═ (Kn-1+ Kn)/2 in an iterative manner, wherein n is more than or equal to 2; and
D. calculate PM2.5 ═ PM10betaK or PM2.5 ═ PM10beta*Kn。
The method fully utilizes the principles and advantages of a beta method and a light scattering method to measure the concentrations of two particulate matters. The method breaks through the traditional thinking mode, two particulate matter concentrations are not directly measured, one particulate matter concentration is directly measured at high precision, the other particulate matter concentration is measured, the other particulate matter concentration is calculated, the proportional relation is a relative ratio, the real-time relation of the two is fully reflected by field gas at the moment, the influences of other factors such as field environment, measuring equipment and air convection on PM10 and PM2.5 are eliminated, the measuring precision and reliability are improved, and the reverse hanging is prevented.
According to the monitor, the light scattering module is added into the pipeline at the gas path part, the normal use of a beta method is not influenced, and the PM10 is measured through beta rays, so that the data are accurate.
Preferably, in the beta measuring module, by adding an attenuation mechanism in front of the radioactive source, the reading of the GM counter of the blank filter paper and the reading of the GM counter of the measured dust filter paper are adjusted to reach the same corresponding count value through an adaptive algorithm according to the count value of the counter. The particulate matter concentration was obtained from the decrement in both the case of the blank filter paper and the case of the dust-containing filter paper.
In another embodiment, the light scattering module is configured to measure a ratio of PM10 to PM2.5 using a light scattering method, the beta measurement module is configured to measure a concentration of PM2.5 using a beta ray method, and the data processing unit is configured to calculate a concentration of PM10 based on the ratio and the concentration.
Preferably, in a measurement period when the beta measurement module measures the concentration of PM2.5 next time, the data processing unit corrects and outputs the concentration of PM2.5 and the concentration of PM10 in real time according to the real-time ratio measured by the light scattering module.
The two-channel atmospheric particulate matter monitoring method has the following technical effects:
1, the calculation method is novel and unique; 2. the concentrations of two particulate matters are not required to be directly measured, indirect calculation is carried out, the method is more effective, and hardware components are reduced; 3. sampling links are reduced, and error risks of links such as calibration, operation and maintenance are reduced; 4. the advantages of the beta ray method and the light scattering method are combined, and the defects of the beta ray method and the light scattering method are overcome.
(II) 1, the cost of the equipment is greatly reduced, and the two pieces of equipment are changed into one piece of hardware, so that the cost is reduced by 50%; 2. the operation and maintenance are simple, the installation cost is simplified, and the labor cost is reduced; the continuous cost of daily worn parts (paper tapes and the like) is reduced and avoided; 3. the software development of the platform system is simplified, and the file establishment is not complicated; 4. the management department is easier to manage, and the management cost is reduced. 5. More local air quality is monitored more easily, conveniently, and more channels are provided for environment quality monitoring and improvement.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. The atmospheric particulate single-sampling-channel double-parameter monitor is characterized by comprising a sample gas channel, a light scattering measurement module, a beta ray measurement module and a data processing unit, wherein the light scattering measurement module, the beta ray measurement module and the data processing unit are sequentially arranged on the sample gas channel, and the atmospheric particulate single-sampling-channel double-parameter monitor is characterized in that the atmospheric particulate single-sampling-channel double-parameter monitor comprises a sample gas channel
The light scattering measurement module is used for measuring the ratio of PM10 to PM2.5 by adopting a light scattering method, the beta ray measurement module is used for measuring the concentration of PM10 by adopting a beta ray method, the data processing unit is used for calculating the concentration of PM2.5 according to the ratio provided by the light scattering measurement module and the concentration of PM10 measured by the beta ray measurement module,
and in the measurement period when the beta ray measurement module measures the concentration of PM10 next time, the data processing unit corrects the real-time ratio measured by the light scattering measurement module, and uses the corrected ratio for the concentration calculation of PM 2.5.
2. The atmospheric particulate matter single-sampling channel double-parameter monitor is characterized by comprising a sample gas channel, a light scattering measurement module, a beta ray measurement module and a data processing unit which are sequentially arranged on the sample gas channel, wherein the sample gas channel is provided with the light scattering measurement module, the beta ray measurement module and the data processing unit
The light scattering measurement module is used for measuring the ratio of PM10 to PM2.5 by adopting a light scattering method, the beta ray measurement module is used for measuring the concentration of PM2.5 by adopting a beta ray method, the data processing unit is used for calculating the concentration of PM10 according to the ratio provided by the light scattering measurement module and the concentration of PM2.5 measured by the beta ray measurement module,
and in the measurement period when the beta ray measurement module measures the concentration of PM2.5 next time, the data processing unit is used for correcting the real-time ratio measured by the light scattering measurement module and using the corrected ratio for the concentration calculation of the PM 10.
3. A single sampling channel double-parameter monitoring method for atmospheric particulates is characterized by comprising the following steps:
measuring the real-time ratio of PM2.5 to PM10 by a light scattering method in the same sample gas channel, and then measuring the concentration of one of PM10 and PM2.5 by a beta ray method;
correcting the real-time ratio during a measurement period when the beta ray method measures the concentration of PM10 or PM2.5, and using the corrected ratio for the concentration calculation of PM2.5 or PM 10; and
the concentration of the other of PM10 and PM2.5 is calculated based on the corrected ratio PM2.5/PM10 and the measured concentration of one of PM10 and PM 2.5.
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