CN104359815A - Particulate matter mass concentration detector with self-purification system - Google Patents
Particulate matter mass concentration detector with self-purification system Download PDFInfo
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- CN104359815A CN104359815A CN201410638314.4A CN201410638314A CN104359815A CN 104359815 A CN104359815 A CN 104359815A CN 201410638314 A CN201410638314 A CN 201410638314A CN 104359815 A CN104359815 A CN 104359815A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a particulate matter mass concentration detector with a self-purification system, belonging to the technical field of environmental detection. The particulate matter mass concentration detector comprises a photoelectric sensing system, a signal acquiring and processing system and a self-purification system, wherein the photoelectric sensing system comprises a laser illumination system, a sampling gas path and a scattered light collecting system, and the scattered light collecting system is used for collecting scattered light in a photosensitive area, converting light signals into an electric signal and transmitting the electric signal to the signal acquiring and processing system; and the self-purification system is characterized in that an air blowing pump is communicated with the sampling gas path by virtue of an HEPA pipe. The particulate matter mass concentration detector disclosed by the invention mainly comprises a self-purification device so as to prevent dust particles left in the photoelectric sensing system from polluting an optical system to improve the working stability of the optical system and prolong the service life of the optical system; moreover, the detector can be used for calibrating and calculating the mass concentration of the dust particles which are collected in a normal working state.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to environmental protection tests technical field, be specifically related to a kind of particle quality concentration detector.
Background technology
Bug dust concentration refers to the quality of finely ground particles in unit volume, usually uses mg/m
3or ug/m
3represent.The measuring method of bug dust concentration is divided into sampling analysis method and the straight survey method of induction.Sampling analysis method mainly comprises: filter membrane weight method; Respond to straight survey method mainly to comprise: β rays method, oscillating balance method, piezoelectric crystal check fee and light scattering method.
Filter membrane weight method:
The ultimate principle of filter membrane weight method is: utilize the long-time sample drawn gas of the air pump of firm discharge by its filter membrane by constant weight, filter membrane can filter the dust granules of the fixing particle diameter more than 95%, the dust granules that then in sample gas, major part is greater than fixing particle diameter will be delayed on filter membrane, and the quality increased by weighing filter membrane just can calculate bug dust concentration.The advantage of filter membrane weight method is that it can the bug dust concentration of the most direct reflected sample gas; and the concentration value surveyed also not to study point by dust granulating, the impact of particle diameter shape, degree of scatter, electric property and optical property, particularly there is significant advantage to measurement high concentrate dust particle environment.Main shortcoming is that measuring period is long, cannot provide the data of real-time continuous, and its degree of accuracy measured is subject to the restriction of balance used, and the volume metering of sample gas also exists error to a certain degree simultaneously.
β attenuation sensors:
The real a kind of lump zone charged particle group for discharging when β decay occurs atom of β ray, the penetration capacity of β particle is stronger.When β ray is through sample, its intensity and thickness and dust quality are just like lower aprons relation:
(in formula, I
0for Beta-ray initial strength, I is Beta-ray intensity after penetrating sample, μ
mfor mass absorption coefficient, unit is cm
2/ g; t
mfor mass thickness, unit is g/cm
3.For different materials, μ
mslowly can increase along with the increase of atomic series; For same material, μ
malso relevant with Beta-ray intensity.
The principle that β attenuation sensors measures dust concentration is: by crossing current air pump suction sample gas by filter paper, the Beta-ray intensity of detector real time record, just can converse bug dust concentration by computing formula.The advantage of β rays method is can reliable, the simple installation of continuous coverage, system works and standing fast at without the need to personnel.But the quality coefficient showed for different material due to β ray is different, and relatively high cost makes its range of application limited.
Oscillating balance method:
Oscillating balance method is developed based on the conical component trace oscillating balance principle of spationautics, this conical component is the hollow tubular be made up of a rubber, class glass substance, hollow tube base is connected to main basal base, the other end supports filter membrane and electronic feedback system, causes and keeps hollow tubular to vibrate.The oscillation frequency being collected dust granules quality on filter membrane and conical component also exists corresponding relation:
(in formula, Δ m is the dust granules material amount of collecting, f
afor the oscillation frequency before hollow tubular collection, f
bfor the oscillation frequency after collection, K
0elastic constant for tapered hollow tube).The oscillation frequency of oscillating balance hollow core barrel only depends on and the quality being deposited on dust granules thing on filter membrane, therefore can think that oscillating balance method is a kind of weight method, but oscillating balance method and traditional filter membrane weight method have again the difference of essence, topmost difference shows the property monitored in real time, and oscillating balance method precision is very high, quartzy balance range 10
-5~ 10
-11g.Shortcoming is that it measures the deviation also also existed to a certain degree, is mainly manifested in: first elastic constant K
0calibration and the impact of dust size scope, be secondly that dust granules thing can come off when filter membrane transships, also may block filter membrane, the volatility that last volatility sample has also has impact to measurement result simultaneously.
Piezoelectric crystal detection method:
Piezoelectric crystal detection method is attached to piezoelectric (piezoelectric type quartz crystal) based on powder dust particle thus changes the oscillation frequency of piezoelectric to measure dust concentration.Measuring principle is: when sample to be tested gas passes through the filter bag of piezoelectric, due to the suction-operated of piezoelectric, the quality of filter bag is changed, thus cause the change of piezoelectric oscillation frequency, as long as record the oscillation frequency of piezoelectric, just obtain the bug dust concentration of sample gas by computing formula.Its major advantage is: have higher sensitivity and accuracy; Bug dust concentration can be obtained in real time.But highlight two problems in actual applications: one is need to increase piezoelectric to the absorption affinity of dust granules; Two is the particles wanting periodic cleaning piezoelectric material surface is adhered to.
Light scattering method:
When sample gas is by photosensitive area, dust granules thing is irradiated with a laser and Mie scattering occurs, and is scattered light collecting system and collects, wherein the scattered light intensity of dust granules and its mass concentration linear.It is contactless that light scattering method detects dust granules, and measuring process can not affect the physico-chemical property of powder dust particle.The major advantage that light scattering method is measured: fast conversion, monitors in real time.But require high to cleanliness, need regularly to carry out parameter calibration by other detecting instrument.
Summary of the invention
For above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art, the invention provides the particle quality concentration detector that a kind of structure is simple, carry cleaning system.
Technical solution of the present invention is as follows:
With a particle quality concentration detector for self-purifying system, it is characterized in that:
Comprise photoelectric sensor system and signal acquiring processing system,
Described photoelectric sensor system comprises laser illumination system, sampling gas circuit, scattered light collection system, and described sampling gas circuit comprises air intake opening, photosensitive area, gas outlet according to gas path, and described gas outlet is communicated with aspiration pump,
Also comprise self-cleaning system, described self-cleaning system is that blower pump is communicated with sampling gas circuit by HEPA pipe,
Described scattered light collection system is collected the scattered light in photosensitive area and light signal is converted to electric signal and flows to signal acquiring processing system.
Described sampling gas circuit preferably comprised cutting head before air intake opening.
Described cutting head is preferably communicated with threeway, and the other two ends of described threeway are communicated with the HEPA pipe of gas to be detected and self-cleaning system respectively.
Preferred described signal acquiring processing system comprises signal amplification circuit, signal integration circuit, AD sample circuit and microprocessor, and described signal amplification circuit accessible site is in photoelectric sensor system inside or be arranged in independently signal acquiring processing system.
Described laser illumination system preferably comprises laser diode and lens combination.
Entrance port and the exit portal of the illumination path of described laser illumination system preferably comprise diaphragm.
The whole optical cavity of described laser illumination system preferably does blackening process.
Also can comprise flowmeter in described sampling gas circuit, filter filter membrane, described flowmeter is positioned at the entrance of air blowing delivery side of pump and aspiration pump, before described filtration filter membrane is positioned at cutting head.
Described scattered light collection system preferably comprises photosensitive area (laser finally gathers in the cavity of photosensitive area by directly spreading and reflecting, and also can be referred to as laser pump cavity), lens combination and photodetector.
Preferred described photodetector is forward light scattering structure or 90 ° of light scattering structures relative to sampling gas circuit, described forward light scattering structure be laser beam and photodetector at same straight line, also comprise the extinction groove before being positioned at photodetector and convex lens group; Described 90 ° of light scattering structures are that laser beam, photodetector and sampling gas circuit are in 90 ° mutually, also comprise the laser reflection oblique angle assembly staggered relatively with laser beam, laser reflection oblique angle assembly to reflect the laser light in laser pump cavity and is collected by photodetector, and the reflection angle of reflected light is more than 30 °.
Technique effect of the present invention:
Overall work principle of the present invention is as follows: first with constant traffic sampling sample gas, when dust granules in sample gas to be detected is by photosensitive area, under the effect of laser illuminator light beam, produce scattered light, some scattered light is collected by scattered light collection system and is converted to electric signal by photodetector.Electric signal after photodetector conversion is amplifying through pre-amplification circuit, and amplifying circuit accessible site is inner in photoelectric sensor system, also can be positioned among signal acquiring processing system.The voltage signal arrival integrating circuit amplified through amplifying circuit adds up, numerical value corresponding to current voltage is conversed finally by AD circuit, within the set time, the numerical value obtained is added up, then be multiplied by the dust granules mass concentration value that fixed coefficient just obtains current environment.The present invention mainly adds self-purifying device, do not need regularly and miscellaneous equipment (equipment as β ray or oscillating balance) demarcate, the numerical value of cleaned air can be detected by self-purifying device, after closing self-purifying device, detect numerical value to compare in real time with detection numerical value during cleaned air, namely obtain the mass concentration of existing air; In addition, the equipment of existing light scattering technique is general all huger, and the present invention is optimized design to this technology, is tested by reality, and the mass concentration that the air quality concentration of acquisition can obtain with β ray or oscillating balance is suitable with accuracy of detection.
In particle quality concentration detector of the present invention, the basic structure of light scattering method dust instrument photoelectric sensor system mainly comprises: laser illumination system, sampling gas circuit, scattered light collection system, particularly also comprise self-cleaning system.
Laser illumination system:
For ensureing intensity and the homogeneity of photosensitive area laser, the laser that laser instrument and laser diode send needs the shaping of scioptics group, and when sample gas is by photosensitive area, scattering occurs laser beam irradiation to dust granules, some scattered light is detected device and receives.For improving the signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) of optical sensor, the entrance port of illumination path and exit portal can increase diaphragm, can reduce parasitic light and count photosensitive area, and whole optical cavity preferably does blackening process simultaneously, reduce cavity inner wall to the reflections affect of laser illuminator.
Sampling gas circuit:
Gas to be sampled is mainly introduced photosensitive area by sampling gas circuit, and it directly acts on the motion state of sample gas, can by air pump, mechanical gas circuit, cut first-class composition.Its groundwork process is as follows: first sample gas can pass through cutting head, cuts away the dust granules that particle diameter is excessive; Then by draft tube, sample gas is sent into photosensitive area, scattering effect occurs inside; Gas, again through escape pipe, is extracted out by aspiration pump by sample gas.Preferably can also comprise flowmeter and filter filter membrane, flowmeter is connected on blower pump and aspiration pump position, and for testing air pump flow, what ensure blower pump place in actual test process goes out the charge flow rate that airshed is greater than aspiration pump place; Before filtration filter membrane is connected on cutting head position, also can omit.
Scattered light collection system:
Scattered light collection system forms by being positioned at the laser pump cavity of photosensitive area, lens combination and photodetector.By there is scattering during photosensitive area in dust granules, a part of scattered light is directly received by photodetector, and another part scattered light to be reflexed in lens combination by laser pump cavity and scioptics group converges on the test surface of photodetector.
Photodetector is mainly divided into two kinds: forward light scattering method and 90 ° of light scattering methods.Forward scattering refers to laser beam and photodetector on the same line, and laser and photoelectric sensor are staggered relatively, is absorbed by laser main beam, and collected by scattered light by lens combination integrated in photosensor structure by extinction groove; 90 ° of light scattering methods refer to that laser beam, photodetector and sampling gas circuit are in 90 ° mutually, scattered light to reflect the laser light in laser pump cavity mainly through laser reflection oblique angle assembly and is collected by photodetector, the reflection angle of reflected light should more than 30 °, to ensure the sensitivity detected.Also can be placed with catoptron at the relative position of photodetector, owing to reducing costs demand and actual test effect, this part also can be omitted.Laser beam is mainly carried out secondary reflection, the scattered light of the fraction particle of photoelectric detector once irradiating and most of particle of secondary reflection by reflection oblique angle by scattered light, can meet the demand that particulate in air mass concentration detects.
Self-cleaning (self-calibration) system:
In order to prevent the dust granules remaining in photoelectric sensor system to the pollution of optical system, improve its job stability, extend its mission life, in photoelectric sensor system, be provided with optical system self-cleaning system, optical system self-cleaning system is totally exported by the pure qi (oxygen) entrance (such as being connected by threeway) being located at thief hatch side, the pure qi (oxygen) that is located at gas outlet, HEPA strainer tube and aspiration pump, blower pump form jointly.Blower pump by air after HEPA strainer tube, discharged by gas outlet by photosensitive area again to air intake opening through passage, finally by aspiration pump, gas is discharged, the air now entering optics cavity can be considered pure air, through this kind of special modality, the dust granules remained in photosensitive chamber is progressively purified, and self-cleaning is carried out to optical channel, mechanical pipeline etc., the particle concentration now collected by photodetector be can be considered " null value ", for demarcating the dust granules mass concentration gathered under normal operating conditions and calculate.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the workflow diagram of a kind of particle quality concentration detector with self-purifying system of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the sampling process of gas path figure of photoelectric sensor system of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is self-cleaning system process flow diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the system architecture schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the photoelectric sensor system assembling schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is the photosensitive area diagrammatic cross-section of the embodiment of the present invention.
In figure, each label lists as follows:
1-blower pump, 2-HEPA manages, 3-threeway, 4-cutting head, 5-air intake opening assembly, 6-laser diode module, 7-photosensitive area, 8-gas outlet assembly, 9-photodetector assembly, 10-laser reflection oblique angle assembly, 11-aspiration pump.
Embodiment
In order to better explain the present invention, be clearly and completely described the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, obviously, described embodiment is only the present invention's part embodiment, instead of whole embodiments.Based on the embodiment in the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art, not making the every other embodiment obtained under creative work prerequisite, belong to the scope of protection of the invention.
Embodiment 1
Be an exemplary embodiments of the present invention as Figure 4-Figure 6, concrete structure mainly comprises blower pump 1, HEPA pipe 2, threeway 3, be positioned at the air intake opening assembly 5 of air intake opening, cutting head 4, laser diode module 6, photodetector assembly 9, be positioned at the gas outlet assembly 8 of gas outlet, laser reflection oblique angle assembly 10, aspiration pump 11, the compositions such as photosensitive area 7 and corresponding mechanical pipeline, wherein air intake opening assembly 5, cutting head 4, laser diode module 6, photodetector assembly 9, gas outlet assembly 8, laser reflection oblique angle assembly 10, photosensitive area 7 forms photoelectric sensor system jointly.Sample gas forms sampling gas circuit by the escape pipe of threeway 3, cutting head 4, the draft tube of air intake opening assembly 5, photosensitive area 7 and gas outlet assembly 8, flowmeter can also be comprised and filter filter membrane (not shown), flowmeter is connected on blower pump 1 and exports and aspiration pump 11 entrance location, for testing air pump flow, what ensure blower pump place in actual test process goes out the charge flow rate that airshed is greater than aspiration pump place; Before filtration filter membrane is connected on cutting head 4 position, also can omit.
When blower pump 1 works, as shown in Figure 3, system is in purification state, the air that blower pump 1 blows out becomes pure air after HEPA pipe 2, under the acting in conjunction of aspiration pump 11, photoelectric sensor system and ambient atmos is entered isolated and to air intake opening assembly 5 by threeway 3, cutting head 4, gas outlet assembly 8, laser reflection oblique angle assembly 10, photosensitive area 7, aspiration pump 11 purifies, now photodetector assembly 9 outputs to signal acquiring processing system using detectable concentration value as " null value ", under can be used for normal operating conditions, the dust granules mass concentration gathered is demarcated and calculated.
When blower pump 1 does not work, as shown in Figure 2, namely ambient atmos first passes through cutting head 4 through threeway 3 by sampling gas circuit, cuts away the dust granules that particle diameter is excessive; Then photosensitive area 7 is entered by air intake opening assembly 5, there is scattering effect inside, gas is discharged by aspiration pump 11 through gas outlet assembly 8 again, now there is scattering effect in photosensitive area 7 under the effect of laser diode module 6, and what photodetector assembly 9 exported is particle quality concentration data information.The above course of work can be further explained principle by Fig. 1, namely the present embodiment is made up of photoelectric sensor system and signal acquiring processing system two parts, wherein photoelectric sensor system comprises laser instrument (laser diode module 6), photosensitive area 7 and photodetector assembly 9, when sample gas is by photosensitive area 7, dust granules thing is irradiated with a laser and Mie scattering occurs, and is collected by photodetector; Signal acquiring processing system is made up of signal amplification, signal integration, AD sample circuit and microprocessor, receive the scattered light intensity voltage signal that photoelectric sensor system is sent, AD sampling is sent into after adding up through amplification, integration, microprocessor calculates AD sampled data, analyzes, final analysis result is carried out display translation, obtains the particle concentration information of detected gas; Wherein said signal amplification circuit can be integrated in separately photoelectric sensor system inside, can certainly be arranged in independently signal acquiring processing system entirety.
In addition in the laser diode module 6 of Fig. 5 and photoelectric detector assembly 9, lens combination (not shown) is all installed, the former lens mainly carry out shaping to the laser that laser diode sends, to ensure intensity and the homogeneity of photosensitive area 7 laser, the lens of the latter mainly send after the reflected light line focus of the some scattered light in laser irradiation process and laser reflection oblique angle assembly 10 into electrooptical device, and light signal is converted to voltage signal.
Can find out further from the photosensitive area of the present invention diagrammatic cross-section of Fig. 6, laser diode module 6 makes laser diode energy accumulating on the binding site of laser diode module 6, air intake opening assembly 5 and laser reflection oblique angle assembly 4 three structure after lens focus, the scattered light that the gas that the former irradiates both passages rear produces reflexes to photoelectric detector 9 by photosensitive area 7, for the detection of particle mass concentration.
Embodiment 2
Basic structure and the embodiment of the present embodiment are similar, and just described photodetector is forward light scattering structure relative to sampling gas circuit, and namely laser beam and photodetector are at same straight line.In order to better accept scattered light, also comprising the extinction groove before being positioned at photodetector and convex lens group, by extinction groove, laser main beam being absorbed, and by the convex lens group being integrated in photodetector, scattered light being collected.
The above; be only the present invention's preferably embodiment; but the protection domain of invention is not limited thereto; anyly be familiar with those skilled in the art in the technical scope that the present invention discloses; the change that can expect easily or replacement; such as lens select the details conversion etc. with the concrete structure of the angle of arrangement mode, catoptron and each assembly, all should be encompassed within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. the particle quality concentration detector with self-purifying system, is characterized in that:
Comprise photoelectric sensor system and signal acquiring processing system,
Described photoelectric sensor system comprises laser illumination system, sampling gas circuit, scattered light collection system,
Described sampling gas circuit comprises air intake opening, photosensitive area, gas outlet according to gas path, and described gas outlet is communicated with aspiration pump,
Described scattered light collection system is collected the scattered light in photosensitive area and light signal is converted to electric signal and flows to signal acquiring processing system,
Also comprise self-cleaning system, described self-cleaning system is that blower pump is communicated with sampling gas circuit by HEPA pipe.
2. a kind of particle quality concentration detector with self-purifying system according to claim 1, is characterized in that described sampling gas circuit comprised cutting head before air intake opening.
3. a kind of particle quality concentration detector with self-purifying system according to claim 2, is characterized in that described cutting head is communicated with threeway, and the other two ends of described threeway are communicated with the HEPA pipe of gas to be detected and self-cleaning system respectively.
4. a kind of particle quality concentration detector with self-purifying system according to claim 2, it is characterized in that also comprising flowmeter in described sampling gas circuit, filtering filter membrane, described flowmeter is positioned at the entrance of air blowing delivery side of pump and aspiration pump, before described filtration filter membrane is positioned at cutting head.
5. a kind of particle quality concentration detector with self-purifying system according to claim 1, is characterized in that described signal acquiring processing system comprises signal amplification circuit, signal integration circuit, AD sample circuit and microprocessor.
6. a kind of particle quality concentration detector with self-purifying system according to claim 1, is characterized in that described laser illumination system comprises laser diode and lens combination.
7. a kind of particle quality concentration detector with self-purifying system according to claim 1, is characterized in that the entrance port of the illumination path of described laser illumination system and exit portal comprise diaphragm.
8. a kind of particle quality concentration detector with self-purifying system according to claim 1, is characterized in that the whole optical cavity of described laser illumination system does blackening process.
9. a kind of particle quality concentration detector with self-purifying system according to claim 1, is characterized in that described scattered light collection system comprises photosensitive area, lens combination and photodetector.
10. a kind of particle quality concentration detector with self-purifying system according to claim 9, it is characterized in that described photodetector is forward light scattering structure or 90 ° of light scattering structures relative to sampling gas circuit, described forward light scattering structure be laser beam and photodetector at same straight line, also comprise the extinction groove before being positioned at photodetector and convex lens group; Described 90 ° of light scattering structures are that laser beam, photodetector and sampling gas circuit are in 90 ° mutually, also comprise the laser reflection oblique angle assembly staggered relatively with laser beam, laser reflection oblique angle assembly to reflect the laser light in photosensitive area and is collected by photodetector, and the reflection angle of reflected light is more than 30 °.
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