CN107560988B - Online detection system and method for particulate matters applicable to urban rail transit places - Google Patents
Online detection system and method for particulate matters applicable to urban rail transit places Download PDFInfo
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- CN107560988B CN107560988B CN201710851260.3A CN201710851260A CN107560988B CN 107560988 B CN107560988 B CN 107560988B CN 201710851260 A CN201710851260 A CN 201710851260A CN 107560988 B CN107560988 B CN 107560988B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 26
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 178
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 93
- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
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Abstract
The invention discloses a particulate matter online detection system suitable for urban rail transit places, which comprises a dust concentration detection instrument, an air pump, a flowmeter and an external filter, wherein the dust concentration detection instrument is provided with an internal filter membrane device, the external filter is connected with the internal filter membrane device in parallel, the air inlet side of the external filter and the air inlet side of the internal filter membrane device are communicated with an air inlet pipeline, the air outlet side of the external filter and the air outlet side of the internal filter membrane device are communicated with an air pumping port of the air pump through an air outlet pipeline, the air outlet port of the air pump is connected with an air outlet pipeline, the flowmeter is arranged on the air outlet pipeline, a lens protection pipeline is communicated between the air pump and the dust concentration detection instrument, one end of the lens protection pipeline is connected with the air outlet pipeline, the other end of the lens protection pipeline is a purging port and is communicated with a detection cavity, the position of the purging port is matched with the position of the lens surface of the dust concentration detection instrument, and the online detection system can calibrate on site, ensure the accuracy of detection results and can effectively protect the lens of the dust concentration detection instrument, and prevent dust adhesion.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a particulate matter on-line detection system and method suitable for urban rail transit places.
Background
The dust concentration detection system is used for measuring the concentration of dust or particles in an open space, and can be widely applied to online real-time dust concentration monitoring of workshops, working environments, working spaces, offices, outdoor spaces and the like in various industries, and dust concentration monitoring of special industrial working environments such as mines, underground coal mines and the like.
However, the concentration of the particles in the urban rail transit place also needs to be detected online, because the urban rail transit place has large flow of people, dust on the ground can be raised, the subway operation can also generate some metal particles, and the too high concentration of the particles can cause harm to human bodies. The main principle of the current dust concentration on-line detection is to detect by adopting a light scattering principle, a light source is shot into a detection cavity through a light inlet lens (lens), reflection occurs when dust is encountered, a light outlet lens is arranged at the other angle, light is received by a receiver after passing through the light outlet lens, and an optical signal is converted into an electric signal so as to reflect the dust concentration.
The currently used particulate matter online detection system has the following problems: firstly, dust particles are easy to adhere to a lens in a dust concentration detection instrument used at present after long-time use, so that on one hand, the accuracy of a detection result is influenced, and on the other hand, the lens of a convex lens is easy to scratch by metal dust particles, so that the service life of the convex lens is seriously influenced; 2. the concentration of the particulate matters in urban rail transit places at different points is different due to the fact that the concentration and the category of the particulate matters are different due to the fact that the flow rate of people is different and the running amount of locomotives is different, although the dust concentration detection instrument is calibrated in an experimental environment, on-site calibration cannot be carried out, and therefore concentration deviation in detection is likely to occur; 3. at present, the flow route of gas in a dust concentration detection instrument is unreasonable, so that dust can be attached in the dust concentration detection instrument, dust loss is caused, and the detection result is inaccurate.
Disclosure of Invention
The first technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the online particulate matter detection system suitable for the urban rail transit places can be calibrated on site, the accuracy of detection results is ensured, meanwhile, the lens of a dust concentration detection instrument can be effectively protected, dust adhesion is avoided, and the problems of inaccurate detection results and shorter service life of the conventional detection system are solved.
The second technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the method is characterized in that dust is filtered through the built-in filter membrane device and the external filter, the air pump is effectively protected, the service life is long, on the other hand, the filtered gas is purged on the surface of the lens through the lens protection pipeline, the dust is prevented from adhering to the lens, and the accuracy of the detection result is ensured.
In order to solve the first technical problem, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the utility model provides a particulate matter on-line measuring system suitable for urban rail transit place, includes dust concentration detecting instrument, aspiration pump and flowmeter, on-line measuring system still includes the external filter that can switch, and dust concentration detecting instrument is provided with built-in filter membrane device, and built-in filter membrane device sets up in the low reaches of dust concentration detecting instrument's detection cavity and communicates with the detection cavity through the admission line, external filter is parallelly connected with dust concentration detecting instrument's built-in filter membrane device, and external filter and built-in filter membrane device's inlet side and admission line communicate, and external filter and built-in filter membrane device's the air outlet side and aspiration pump's air outlet port communicate through the air outlet pipeline, and the air outlet port of aspiration pump is connected with the exhaust pipeline, and the flowmeter sets up in the blast pipe way, the intercommunication has the lens protection pipeline between aspiration pump and the dust concentration detecting instrument, and this lens protection pipeline one end is connected in the blast pipe way, and the other end is purge port and communicates with the detection cavity, this position of purge port and dust concentration detecting instrument's lens surface position adaptation.
As a preferable scheme, the lens protection pipeline is also provided with a zero-gas filter film for guaranteeing that gas in the pipeline is free of dust.
As a preferred embodiment, the flowmeter is an orifice plate flowmeter.
As a preferred scheme, on-line measuring system still includes the zeroing system, the zeroing system includes zeroing air pump, zeroing filter and zeroing pipeline, the one end of zeroing pipeline communicates with the gas outlet of zeroing air pump, and the induction port and the external environment intercommunication of zeroing air pump, the zeroing filter sets up on the zeroing pipeline, the other end and the air inlet channel intercommunication of dust concentration detecting instrument's inlet seat of zeroing pipeline, the air output of this zeroing pipeline of zeroing is greater than the extraction air quantity of aspiration pump.
As a preferred scheme, external filter includes the casing, one side of casing is provided with air inlet nozzle and air outlet nozzle, the opposite side demountable installation of casing has the outer apron, and the inside of casing is provided with the fixed frame that is used for fixed filter membrane, filter membrane demountable installation is on fixed frame, filter membrane divide into the casing and wait to filter chamber and net gas chamber, the air inlet nozzle runs through the filter membrane and is linked together with waiting to filter chamber, the air outlet nozzle is linked together with net gas chamber, air inlet nozzle and air outlet nozzle respectively with air inlet pipeline and air outlet pipeline intercommunication.
As a preferable scheme, a manual adjusting device for adjusting the air inlet nozzle switch is arranged on the outer cover plate.
As a preferred scheme, manual adjusting device includes manual adjusting bolt, and manual adjusting bolt sets up in the outside of outer apron, and the inboard of outer apron is provided with the shutoff head that cooperatees with the air inlet nozzle and use, shutoff head and manual adjusting bolt fixed connection to be provided with the sealing washer between shutoff head and the manual adjusting bolt.
After the first technical scheme is adopted, the invention has the following effects: because the online particulate matter detection system suitable for urban rail transit places comprises a dust concentration detection instrument, an air pump and a flowmeter, the online particulate matter detection system also comprises an external filter which can be switched on and off, the dust concentration detection instrument is provided with an internal filter membrane device, the internal filter membrane device is arranged at the downstream of a detection cavity of the dust concentration detection instrument and is communicated with the detection cavity through an air inlet pipeline, the external filter is connected with the internal filter membrane device of the dust concentration detection instrument in parallel, the air inlet sides of the external filter and the internal filter membrane device are communicated with the air inlet pipeline, the air outlet sides of the external filter and the internal filter membrane device are communicated with an air outlet port of the air pump through the air outlet pipeline, the air outlet port of the air pump is connected with an air outlet pipeline, the flowmeter is arranged on the air outlet pipeline, a lens protection pipeline is communicated between the air pump and the dust concentration detection instrument, the lens protection pipeline has one end connected to the exhaust pipeline and the other end connected to the detection cavity, the position of the purge port is matched with the lens surface position of the dust concentration detection instrument, when the dust is detected in urban rail transit places, the external filter is closed, dust is filtered by the built-in filter membrane device, the on-site calibration is carried out by using a weighing method, the on-line detection system can be calibrated on site to ensure the accuracy of the detection result, the problem of inaccurate detection result of the traditional detection system is solved, when the detection system is used normally, gas can be filtered through the built-in filter membrane device and also can be filtered through the external filter, the built-in filter membrane device is usually smaller and easy to block, the external filter membrane is larger, the filtering effect is better, when the built-in filter membrane device is blocked, the external filter can be adopted to continue filtering, so that the replacement of the built-in filter membrane device is facilitated, and the lens of the dust concentration detection instrument can be effectively protected through the lens protection pipeline, so that dust adhesion is avoided, and the service life of the lens is short.
And because the lens protection pipeline is also provided with the zero-gas filter film for guaranteeing that the gas in the pipeline is free from dust, the zero-gas filter film guarantees that the gas flowing into the dust concentration detection instrument from the lens protection pipeline is absolutely free from dust particles, thereby being beneficial to protecting the lens and prolonging the service life of the lens.
And because the flowmeter is an orifice plate flowmeter, the orifice plate flowmeter can regulate the flow of gas in the lens protection pipeline while controlling the flow of the orifice plate flowmeter, thereby being beneficial to protecting the lens.
Because the external filter comprises a shell, one side of the shell is provided with the air inlet nozzle and the air outlet nozzle, the other side of the shell is detachably provided with the outer cover plate, the inside of the shell is provided with the fixed frame for fixing the filter membrane, the filter membrane is detachably arranged on the fixed frame, the filter membrane is divided into a filter cavity and an air purifying cavity by the shell, the air inlet nozzle penetrates through the filter membrane and is communicated with the filter cavity, the air outlet nozzle is communicated with the air purifying cavity, the air inlet nozzle and the air outlet nozzle are respectively communicated with the air inlet pipeline and the air outlet pipeline, when the external filter is blocked, the outer cover plate can be detached, the filter membrane of the external filter can be blown by the high-pressure air pipe to clean particulate matters on the filter membrane of the external filter, when the filter membrane is broken, the filter membrane is detached, and then the filter membrane is detached and replaced.
And because be provided with the manual adjusting device who is used for adjusting the air inlet nozzle switch on the outer apron, manual adjusting device includes manual adjusting bolt, and manual adjusting bolt sets up in the outside of outer apron, and the inboard of outer apron is provided with the shutoff head that cooperatees with the air inlet nozzle and use, shutoff head and manual adjusting bolt fixed connection to be provided with the sealing washer between shutoff head and the manual adjusting bolt, on-the-spot calibration is during, can be through the manual adjusting bolt of direction regulation to being close to the air inlet nozzle, utilizes the shutoff head to close the air inlet nozzle, thereby the calibration is accomplished the back rethread is opened the air inlet nozzle to the direction adjustment manual adjusting bolt that keeps away from the air inlet nozzle, and this manual adjusting bolt simple structure, convenient to use is favorable to this on-the-spot calibration of on-line measuring system.
Because the on-line detection system still includes the zeroing system, the zeroing system includes zeroing air pump, zeroing filter and zeroing pipeline, the one end of zeroing pipeline communicates with the gas outlet of zeroing air pump, and the induction port and the external environment intercommunication of zeroing air pump, the zeroing filter sets up on the zeroing pipeline, the other end of zeroing pipeline communicates with the inlet channel of the inlet seat of dust concentration detecting instrument, and the air output of this zeroing pipeline is greater than the extraction air quantity of aspiration pump, can realize the on-line zeroing of this particulate matter on-line detection system through this zeroing system, only need open the zeroing air pump, and the gas suction in the environment obtains clean zero gas after the zeroing air pump is got into in the inlet channel, then zero gas enters into in this moment, and the air output of zeroing pipeline is greater than the external environment volume of aspiration pump, just so makes the inlet channel produce the malleation, and the air of the other part of the zero gas of the leading-in of zeroing pipeline just is taken out by the pump, and the air of other part is followed the inlet channel upper end of aspiration channel, just so has avoided the air from the inlet to get into from the external interference of aspiration chamber of aspiration pump, so the detection, thereby the external interference that the detection is avoided entering to the external air is more accurate, the detection result of the aspiration chamber has been reduced.
In order to solve the second technical problem, a second technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the on-line detection method for particulate matter in urban rail transit place uses air pump as flowing power of dust-containing gas, and the dust-containing gas is passed through the detection cavity, then passed through internal filter membrane device and external filter and filtered, and a portion of gas is used as protecting gas, and is returned into dust concentration detection instrument along lens protection pipeline to make blowing and cleaning treatment on lens surface of dust detection instrument, and another portion is passed through flowmeter and discharged.
As a preferable scheme, the online detection method also has the function of on-site calibration of the dust concentration detection instrument; the calibration method comprises the following steps: firstly, closing an external filter, wherein an internal filter membrane device is a clean filter membrane device, starting an air pump to continuously work for a set time, detecting dust-containing gas through a detection chamber by a dust concentration detection instrument, and filtering dust through the internal filter membrane device; after the continuous working setting time, the air pump is closed, the filter membrane with the filter membrane device is taken out, the weight of the filtered dust in the setting time is obtained by a weighing method, the calibrated dust concentration value in the setting time is obtained by conversion, then the calibrated dust concentration value is compared with the average dust concentration value detected by the dust concentration detection instrument, and the detection value of the dust concentration detection instrument is calibrated by adjusting the compensation coefficient.
As a preferable scheme, the built-in filter membrane device is positioned right below the detection chamber, and the dust-containing gas vertically passes through the detection chamber and the built-in filter membrane device.
As a preferred scheme, the on-line detection method further comprises a zero calibration method for carrying out on-line zero calibration on the dust concentration detection instrument, wherein the zero calibration method uses a zero calibration air pump as an air source, the zero calibration air is filtered by a zero calibration filter to form zero calibration air and is sent into an air inlet channel of the dust concentration detection instrument, the flow rate of the zero calibration air is larger than the positive pressure formed by an air suction channel of the air suction pump relative to the outside of an air inlet when the air suction pump is used for calibrating zero, so that part of the zero calibration air is pumped out by the air suction pump, the other part of the zero calibration air flows out from the air inlet of the air inlet channel, and after the zero calibration air pump and the air suction pump continuously work for a specified time, dust is clean and no dust exists in a detection cavity of the dust concentration detection instrument, and the reading of the dust concentration detection instrument is adjusted to be zero.
As a preferred scheme, the on-line detection method can detect the PM2.5 particulate matter concentration or the PM10 particulate matter concentration or the total suspended particulate matter concentration; when the PM2.5 particulate matter concentration is detected, a PM2.5 cutter is arranged at the inlet of a detection chamber of the dust concentration detection instrument; when detecting the concentration of PM10 particles, installing a PM10 cutter at the inlet of a detection chamber of the dust concentration detection instrument; when the concentration of the total suspended particles is detected, the inlet of the detection chamber of the dust concentration detection instrument is directly communicated with the external detection environment.
After the second technical scheme is adopted, the invention has the following effects: the on-line detection method for the particles is suitable for urban rail transit places, and utilizes the air pump as the flowing power of dust-containing gas, the dust-containing gas is filtered through the built-in filter membrane device and the external filter after being detected by the detection chamber, one part of the gas is used as protective gas to flow back to the dust concentration detection instrument along the lens protection pipeline to purge the lens surface of the dust detection instrument, and the other part of the gas is discharged after passing through the flowmeter.
The online detection method also has the function of on-site calibration of the dust concentration detection instrument; the calibration method comprises the following steps: firstly, closing an external filter, wherein an internal filter membrane device is a clean filter membrane device, starting an air pump to continuously work for a set time, detecting dust-containing gas through a detection chamber by a dust concentration detection instrument, and filtering dust through the internal filter membrane device; after the continuous working setting time, the air pump is closed, the filter membrane of the built-in filter membrane device is taken out, the weight of the filtered dust in the setting time is obtained by a weighing method, the calibrated dust concentration value in the setting time is obtained through conversion, then the calibrated dust concentration value is compared with the average dust concentration value detected by the dust concentration detection instrument, the detection value of the dust concentration detection instrument is calibrated by adjusting the compensation coefficient, and the calibration function enables the online detection method to be applied to various different detection environments and the detection result to be more accurate.
Because the built-in filter membrane device is positioned under the detection chamber, the dust-containing gas vertically passes through the detection chamber and the built-in filter membrane device, the built-in filter membrane device and the detection chamber are in a vertical state, the distance between the built-in filter membrane device and the detection chamber is relatively short, the error of dust content can be effectively reduced, and the detection result is more accurate.
The on-line detection method further comprises a zero calibration method for performing on-line zero calibration on the dust concentration detection instrument, wherein the zero calibration method uses a zero calibration air pump as an air source, the zero calibration air is filtered by a zero calibration filter and then is sent into an air inlet channel of the dust concentration detection instrument, the flow of the zero calibration air is larger than the positive pressure formed by an air suction pump at the air suction inlet of the air suction pump relative to the outside of an air inlet, so that part of zero calibration air is pumped out by the air suction pump, the other part of zero calibration air flows out from the air inlet of the air inlet channel, the zero calibration air pump and the air suction pump continuously work for a specified time, the dust concentration detection instrument is clean and free of dust in a detection cavity, the reading of the dust concentration detection instrument is adjusted to be zero at the moment, and the on-line detection method can realize on-line zero calibration and is more accurate in zero calibration result.
The on-line detection method can detect PM2.5 particle concentration or PM10 particle concentration or total suspended particle concentration; when the PM2.5 particulate matter concentration is detected, a PM2.5 cutter is arranged at the inlet of a detection chamber of the dust concentration detection instrument; when detecting the concentration of PM10 particles, installing a PM10 cutter at the inlet of a detection chamber of the dust concentration detection instrument; when the concentration of the total suspended particles is detected, the inlet of the detection chamber of the dust concentration detection instrument is directly communicated with the external detection environment, and the online detection method is suitable for various different detection environments, has a wide application range and can be comprehensively popularized.
Drawings
The invention will be further described with reference to the drawings and examples.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of a gas circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a dust concentration detection instrument and an external filter according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a front view of an external filter according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the external filter according to the embodiment of the present invention with the cover plate removed;
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a dust concentration detecting instrument according to an embodiment of the present invention;
In the accompanying drawings: 1. a dust concentration detection instrument; 101. an air inlet seat; 102. a detection chamber; 103. an air intake passage; 104. a connecting seat; 105. a cutter; 2. an external filter; 21. a housing; 22. an air inlet nozzle; 23. an air outlet nozzle; 24. an outer cover plate; 25. a fixed frame; 26. a filter membrane; 27. a cavity to be filtered; 28. a clean air cavity; 29. a blocking head; 291. a mounting part; 292. a blocking part; 210. manually adjusting the bolt; 211. a seal ring; 3. an air extracting pump; 4. a flow meter; 5. an air intake line; 6. an air outlet pipeline; 7. a lens protection pipeline; 8. zero gas filtration membrane; 9. an exhaust line; 10. a filter membrane device is arranged in the filter membrane device; 11. zeroing the air pump; 12. a zeroing filter; 13. and (5) calibrating the pipeline.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following examples.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the drawings are merely for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the apparatus or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1 to 5, a particulate matter on-line detection system suitable for urban rail transit places comprises a dust concentration detection instrument 1, an air pump 3 and a flowmeter 4, the on-line detection system further comprises an external filter 2, the dust concentration detection instrument 1 is provided with an internal filter membrane device 11, the internal filter membrane device 11 is arranged at the downstream of a detection cavity 102 of the dust concentration detection instrument 1 and is communicated with the detection cavity 102 through an air inlet pipeline 5, the external filter 2 is connected with the internal filter membrane device 11 of the dust concentration detection instrument 1 in parallel, the air inlet sides of the external filter 2 and the internal filter membrane device 11 are communicated with the air inlet pipeline 5, the air outlet sides of the external filter 2 and the internal filter membrane device 11 are communicated with the air outlet port of the air pump 3 through an air outlet pipeline 6, the air outlet port of the air pump 3 is connected with an air outlet pipeline 9, the flowmeter 4 is arranged on the air outlet pipeline 9, a lens protection pipeline 7 is communicated between the air pump 3 and the dust concentration detection instrument 1, one end of the lens protection pipeline 7 is connected with the air outlet pipeline 9, the other end of the lens protection pipeline is communicated with the detection cavity 102, the position of the air pump is matched with the surface position of the dust concentration detection instrument 1.
For the sake of more visual presentation, the built-in filter device 11 in the dust concentration detecting instrument 1 is schematically indicated in fig. 1 alone in the present embodiment, and the built-in filter device 11 is actually located inside the dust concentration detecting instrument 1. The dust concentration detection instrument 1 adopts the light scattering principle to detect, and comprises a detection chamber 102, wherein a light source, a light inlet lens, a receiver and a light outlet lens are arranged on the detection chamber 102, the upper end of the detection chamber 102 is provided with an air inlet seat 101, the air inlet seat 101 is provided with an air inlet channel 103, the upper end of the air inlet seat 101 is provided with a connecting seat 105, and the connecting seat 105 is connected with a cutter 105. The on-line detection system further comprises a zeroing system, the zeroing system comprises a zeroing air pump 11, a zeroing filter 12 and a zeroing pipeline 13, one end of the zeroing pipeline 13 is communicated with an air outlet of the zeroing air pump 11, an air suction port of the zeroing air pump 11 is communicated with the external environment, the zeroing filter 12 is arranged on the zeroing pipeline 13, the other end of the zeroing pipeline 13 is communicated with an air inlet channel 103 of an air inlet seat 101 of the dust concentration detection instrument, the air outlet of the zeroing pipeline 13 is larger than the air pumping quantity of the air pumping pump, at the moment, the zeroing air pump 11 can be started by reducing the air pumping quantity of the air pumping pump at the same time, so that the air outlet quantity of the zeroing air pump 11 is larger than the air pumping quantity of the air pumping pump, the air inlet channel 103 can be ensured to be positive pressure, external dust is prevented from entering a detection cavity 102, and interference of the external dust is reduced as much as possible.
In this embodiment, the built-in filter device 11 is located right below the detection chamber 102, and the dust-containing gas vertically passes through the detection chamber 102 and the built-in filter device 11. The lens protection pipeline 7 is further provided with a zero gas filter membrane 268 for guaranteeing no dust in gas in the pipeline, the pipe diameter of the lens protection pipeline 7 is smaller than the pipeline between the sampling pump and the flowmeter 4, the used flowmeter 4 is the orifice plate flowmeter 4, when the orifice plate flowmeter 4 is used, the complex procedure of installing a valve can be omitted, and the gas flow of the lens protection pipeline 7 can be directly regulated through the orifice plate flowmeter 4. Of course, the flow meter 4 may be other common flow meters 4, and only a three-way valve is needed to control the communication between the net gas protection pipeline and the pipeline where the flow meter 4 is located. In addition, the lens protection pipeline 7 sprays the convex lens of the dust concentration detection instrument 1 through the gas without dust, so that dust on the lens can be treated completely in time, the convex lens of the dust concentration detection instrument 1 is effectively protected, and the problem that the service life of the convex lens of the dust concentration detection instrument 1 is shorter in the past is solved.
In this embodiment, the external filter 2 includes a housing 21, one side of the housing 21 is provided with an air inlet nozzle 22 and an air outlet nozzle 23, the opposite side of the housing 21 is detachably provided with an outer cover plate 24, the inside of the housing 21 is provided with a fixing frame 25 for fixing a filter membrane 26, the filter membrane 26 is detachably mounted on the fixing frame 25, the filter membrane 26 divides the housing 21 into a to-be-filtered cavity 27 and a clean air cavity 28, the air inlet nozzle 22 penetrates the filter membrane 26 and is communicated with the to-be-filtered cavity 27, the air outlet nozzle 23 is communicated with the clean air cavity 28, the air inlet nozzle 22 and the air outlet nozzle 23 are respectively communicated with an air inlet pipeline 5 and an air outlet pipeline 6, and in this embodiment, the air inlet nozzle 22 is positioned above the air outlet nozzle 23, so that a more sufficient filtering effect can be played on dust particles. Of course, the air inlet nozzle 22 and the air outlet nozzle 23 may also be respectively disposed on the housing 21 and the outer cover plate 24, the air inlet nozzle 22 is directly communicated with the cavity 27 to be filtered, the filter membrane 26 is not required to be penetrated, and the air outlet nozzle 23 is communicated with the air purifying cavity 28.
The outer cover plate 24 is provided with a manual adjusting device for adjusting the switch of the air inlet nozzle 22, in this embodiment, the manual adjusting device comprises a manual adjusting bolt 210, the manual adjusting bolt 210 is arranged on the outer side of the outer cover plate 24, the inner side of the outer cover plate 24 is provided with a plugging head 29 matched with the air inlet nozzle 22, the plugging head 29 is fixedly connected with the manual adjusting bolt 210, and a sealing ring 211 is arranged between the plugging head 29 and the manual adjusting bolt 210. In this embodiment, the blocking head 29 includes a mounting portion 291 and a blocking portion 292, the mounting portion 291 is cylindrical, one end of the manual adjustment bolt 210 contacts with one end of the blocking portion 292 and is fixed in the mounting portion 291, and the other end of the blocking portion 292 is used in cooperation with the air inlet nozzle 22.
The external filter 2 is opened and closed as follows: when the external filter 2 needs to be closed, the air inlet nozzle 22 is closed by the blocking part 292 of the blocking head 29 by adjusting the manual adjusting bolt 210 towards the direction approaching the air inlet nozzle 22; when the external filter 2 needs to be opened, the manual adjusting bolt 210 is adjusted in a direction away from the air inlet nozzle 22 so as to open the air inlet nozzle 22, and the sealing ring 211 is in contact with the outer cover plate 24 for sealing, so that the external filter 2 can be continuously used for filtering dust particles.
The specific detection method of the detection system is as follows: the air pump 3 is used as flowing power of dust-containing gas, the dust-containing gas is filtered through the built-in filter membrane device 11 and the external filter 2 after being detected by the detection chamber 102, one part of the gas is used as shielding gas to flow back into the dust concentration detection instrument 1 along the lens protection pipeline 7 to sweep the lens surface of the dust detection instrument, and the other part of the gas is discharged after passing through the flowmeter 4.
The on-line detection method has the on-site calibration function of the dust concentration detection instrument 1; the calibration method comprises the following steps: firstly, closing an external filter 2, wherein an internal filter membrane device 11 is a clean filter membrane 26 device, then starting an air pump 3 to continuously work for a set time, detecting dust-containing gas by a dust concentration detection instrument 1 through a detection chamber 102, and then filtering dust through the internal filter membrane device 11; after the continuous operation is carried out for a set time, the air pump 3 is turned off, the filter membrane 26 with the filter membrane device 11 arranged therein is taken out, the weight of the dust filtered in the set time is obtained by a weighing method, the calibrated dust concentration value in the set time is obtained by conversion, then the calibrated dust concentration value is compared with the average dust concentration value detected by the dust concentration detection instrument 1, and the detection value of the dust concentration detection instrument 1 is calibrated by adjusting the compensation coefficient.
When the on-line detection is carried out in urban rail transit places, the external filter 2 is closed by adjusting the manual adjusting bolt 210, and dust is filtered by using the clean built-in filter membrane device 11, and the on-line detection system can be calibrated on site by utilizing the weighing method.
After the calibration is finished, the external filter 2 is opened by adjusting the manual adjusting bolt 210, gas can be filtered through the internal filter device 11 and can be filtered through the external filter 2 during subsequent normal use, the internal filter device 11 is usually smaller and easy to block, the external filter 26 is larger, the filtering effect is better, when the internal filter device 11 is blocked, the external filter 2 can be adopted to continue to filter, the internal filter device 11 is convenient to replace, in the online detection process, when the internal filter device 11 is blocked, the external filter 2 can be adopted to continue to filter dust particles, when the filter 26 of the external filter 2 is blocked, the external cover plate 24 can be detached, and the high-pressure gas pipe is used for blowing the filter 26 to clean the particles on the filter 26, so that dust removal is continued. Of course, the filter membrane 26 of the external filter 2 can be detached and replaced, and of course, when the filter membrane 26 is damaged, the filter membrane 26 can be detached and replaced according to the operation, and the structure of the manual adjusting device is beneficial to the replacement of the filter membrane 26 of the external filter 2 and the on-site calibration function of the dust concentration detection instrument 1 in the use process.
The online detection method can detect PM2.5 particle concentration or PM10 particle concentration or total suspended particle concentration; when detecting the PM2.5 particulate matter concentration, the PM2.5 cutter 105 is installed at the inlet of the detection chamber 102 of the dust concentration detection instrument 1; when detecting the PM10 particulate matter concentration, the inlet of the detection chamber 102 of the dust concentration detection instrument 1 is fitted with a PM10 cutter 105; when the concentration of the total suspended particles is detected, the inlet of the detection chamber 102 of the dust concentration detection instrument 1 is directly communicated with the external detection environment, and the online detection method is suitable for various detection environments, has a wide application range and can be comprehensively popularized.
The invention discloses a particle online detection system and a particle online detection method suitable for urban rail transit places, which can be used for carrying out field calibration in different environments, ensuring the accuracy of detection results, effectively protecting the lens of a dust concentration detection instrument 1, avoiding dust adhesion, and solving the problems of inaccurate detection results and shorter service life of the traditional detection system.
The on-line detection method further comprises a zero calibration method for carrying out on-line zero calibration on the dust concentration detection instrument, wherein the zero calibration method uses a zero calibration air pump 11 as an air source, the zero calibration air is filtered by a zero calibration filter 12 and then is sent into an air inlet channel 103 of the dust concentration detection instrument, the flow of the zero calibration air is larger than the positive pressure formed by the air suction channel 103 of the air suction pump at the time of zero calibration relative to the outside of an air inlet, so that part of zero calibration air is pumped out by the air suction pump, the other part of zero calibration air flows out from the air inlet of the air inlet channel 103, and after the zero calibration air pump 11 and the air suction pump continuously work for a specified time, dust is clean and free in a detection chamber 102 of the dust concentration detection instrument, and the reading of the dust concentration detection instrument is adjusted to be zero at the moment.
In the present invention, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, a first feature "above" or "below" a second feature may include both the first and second features being in direct contact, as well as the first and second features not being in direct contact but being in contact with each other through additional features therebetween. Moreover, a first feature being "above," "over" and "on" a second feature includes the first feature being directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or simply indicating that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. The first feature being "under", "below" and "beneath" the second feature includes the first feature being directly under and obliquely below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is less level than the second feature.
The above examples are merely descriptions of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention, but various modifications and adaptations of the technical solution of the present invention should and are intended to fall within the scope of protection defined by the claims of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. The utility model provides a particulate matter on-line measuring system suitable for urban rail transit place, includes dust concentration detecting instrument, aspiration pump and flowmeter, its characterized in that: the on-line detection system further comprises an external filter, the dust concentration detection instrument is provided with an internal filter membrane device, the internal filter membrane device is arranged at the downstream of a detection cavity of the dust concentration detection instrument and is communicated with the detection cavity through an air inlet pipeline, the external filter is connected with the internal filter membrane device of the dust concentration detection instrument in parallel, the air inlet sides of the external filter and the internal filter membrane device are communicated with the air inlet pipeline, the air outlet sides of the external filter and the internal filter membrane device are communicated with an air suction port of an air suction pump through an air outlet pipeline, the air outlet port of the air suction pump is connected with an air exhaust pipeline, a flowmeter is arranged on the air exhaust pipeline, a lens protection pipeline is communicated between the air suction pump and the dust concentration detection instrument, one end of the lens protection pipeline is connected to the air exhaust pipeline, the other end of the lens protection pipeline is a purging port and is communicated with the detection cavity, and the position of the purging port is adapted to the lens surface position of the dust concentration detection instrument; the external filter comprises a shell, one side of the shell is provided with an air inlet nozzle and an air outlet nozzle, the other side of the shell is detachably provided with an outer cover plate, a fixed frame for fixing a filter membrane is arranged in the shell, the filter membrane is detachably arranged on the fixed frame, the filter membrane divides the shell into a to-be-filtered cavity and a clean air cavity, the air inlet nozzle penetrates through the filter membrane and is communicated with the to-be-filtered cavity, the air outlet nozzle is communicated with the clean air cavity, the air inlet nozzle and the air outlet nozzle are respectively communicated with an air inlet pipeline and an air outlet pipeline, and a manual adjusting device for adjusting the switch of the air inlet nozzle is arranged on the outer cover plate; the manual adjusting device comprises a manual adjusting bolt, the manual adjusting bolt is arranged on the outer side of the outer cover plate, a plugging head matched with the air inlet nozzle is arranged on the inner side of the outer cover plate, the plugging head is fixedly connected with the manual adjusting bolt, and a sealing ring is arranged between the plugging head and the manual adjusting bolt.
2. An online particulate matter detection system for use in urban rail transit sites as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and a zero-gas filter film for guaranteeing no dust of gas in the pipeline is further arranged on the lens protection pipeline.
3. An online particulate matter detection system for use in urban rail transit sites as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the flowmeter is an orifice plate flowmeter.
4. A particulate matter on-line detection system suitable for use in urban rail transit sites as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: the on-line detection system further comprises a zeroing system, the zeroing system comprises a zeroing air pump, a zeroing filter and a zeroing pipeline, one end of the zeroing pipeline is communicated with an air outlet of the zeroing air pump, an air suction port of the zeroing air pump is communicated with the external environment, the zeroing filter is arranged on the zeroing pipeline, the other end of the zeroing pipeline is communicated with an air inlet channel of an air inlet seat of the dust concentration detection instrument, and the air outlet of the zeroing pipeline is larger than the air pumping quantity of the air pumping pump.
5. The online detection method of the particulate matters suitable for the urban rail transit places is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the online detection method utilizes the particulate matter online detection system according to any one of claims 1 to 4; the online detection method uses an air pump as flowing power of dust-containing gas, the dust-containing gas is filtered by an internal filter membrane device and an external filter after being detected by a detection cavity, one part of the gas is used as protective gas and flows back to a dust concentration detection instrument along a lens protection pipeline to sweep the lens surface of the dust detection instrument, and the other part of the gas is discharged after passing through a flowmeter; the online detection method also has the function of on-site calibration of the dust concentration detection instrument; the calibration method comprises the following steps: firstly, closing an external filter, wherein an internal filter membrane device is a clean filter membrane device, starting an air pump to continuously work for a set time, detecting dust-containing gas through a detection chamber by a dust concentration detection instrument, and filtering dust through the internal filter membrane device; after the continuous working setting time, the air pump is closed, the filter membrane with the filter membrane device is taken out, the weight of the filtered dust in the setting time is obtained by a weighing method, the calibrated dust concentration value in the setting time is obtained by conversion, then the calibrated dust concentration value is compared with the average dust concentration value detected by the dust concentration detection instrument, and the detection value of the dust concentration detection instrument is calibrated by adjusting the compensation coefficient.
6. The online detection method of particulate matters applicable to urban rail transit sites as claimed in claim 5, wherein: the on-line detection method further comprises a zero calibration method for carrying out on-line zero calibration on the dust concentration detection instrument, wherein the zero calibration method uses a zero calibration air pump as an air source, zero calibration air is formed after the zero calibration air pump is filtered by a zero calibration filter and is sent into an air inlet channel of the dust concentration detection instrument, the flow of the zero calibration air is larger than the air extraction quantity of the air pump in zero calibration, positive pressure is formed outside the air inlet channel relative to the air inlet, a part of zero calibration air is pumped out by the air pump, the other part of zero calibration air flows out from the air inlet of the air inlet channel, and after the zero calibration air pump and the air pump continuously work for a specified time, the dust concentration detection instrument is clean and has no dust in a detection cavity, and the reading of the dust concentration detection instrument is adjusted to be zero at the moment.
7. The online detection method of particulate matters applicable to urban rail transit sites as claimed in claim 6, wherein: the online detection method can detect PM2.5 particle concentration or PM10 particle concentration or total suspended particle concentration; when the PM2.5 particulate matter concentration is detected, a PM2.5 cutter is arranged at the inlet of a detection chamber of the dust concentration detection instrument; when detecting the concentration of PM10 particles, installing a PM10 cutter at the inlet of a detection chamber of the dust concentration detection instrument; when the concentration of the total suspended particles is detected, the inlet of the detection chamber of the dust concentration detection instrument is directly communicated with the external detection environment.
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| CN108961168B (en) * | 2018-07-27 | 2021-08-06 | 奔腾激光(温州)有限公司 | Laser processing field graph display method |
| CN110132802B (en) * | 2019-05-07 | 2024-01-12 | 张家港谱析传感科技有限公司 | Online detection device and online detection method for particle size and particle concentration |
| CN110174370A (en) * | 2019-06-19 | 2019-08-27 | 宁波市环境监测中心 | A kind of multi-functional carbon monoxide detection system |
| CN113959891B (en) * | 2021-10-23 | 2024-04-12 | 浙江必利夫检测科技有限公司 | Be applied to occupational health short-term test instrument |
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