CN108507893B - Erosion device and sample erosion wear rate measuring apparatus - Google Patents
Erosion device and sample erosion wear rate measuring apparatus Download PDFInfo
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- CN108507893B CN108507893B CN201810261430.7A CN201810261430A CN108507893B CN 108507893 B CN108507893 B CN 108507893B CN 201810261430 A CN201810261430 A CN 201810261430A CN 108507893 B CN108507893 B CN 108507893B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/56—Investigating resistance to wear or abrasion
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
- G01N3/06—Special adaptations of indicating or recording means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
- G01N3/06—Special adaptations of indicating or recording means
- G01N3/068—Special adaptations of indicating or recording means with optical indicating or recording means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/56—Investigating resistance to wear or abrasion
- G01N3/567—Investigating resistance to wear or abrasion by submitting the specimen to the action of a fluid or of a fluidised material, e.g. cavitation, jet abrasion
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/067—Parameter measured for estimating the property
- G01N2203/0676—Force, weight, load, energy, speed or acceleration
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/067—Parameter measured for estimating the property
- G01N2203/0682—Spatial dimension, e.g. length, area, angle
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Abstract
The embodiment of the invention discloses an erosion device, which comprises: the shell, rack and nozzle, the inside erosion chamber that is formed with of shell, the rack sets up in the shell, with shell telescopic connection, cut apart into first erosion chamber and second erosion chamber with the erosion chamber, be provided with the centre gripping groove in first erosion chamber of intercommunication and second erosion chamber on the rack, the centre gripping inslot sets up the sample, be provided with the first drain outlet in the first erosion chamber of intercommunication and the second drain outlet in the second erosion chamber of intercommunication on the shell, the nozzle passes shell one end, its delivery port is located the shell and towards the rack. The sample erosion wear rate measuring device not only can simulate two erosion conditions of jet flow impact and hole seam erosion, but also can test the relationship between the erosion rate and the variables such as gravel speed, fluid property, gravel size, gravel content, erosion angle and the like on the set of device, simulate different production conditions and have wider and comprehensive application performance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of experimental devices of oil well completion evaluation equipment, in particular to an erosion device and sample erosion wear rate measuring equipment.
Background
Erosive wear is a type of wear in which the surface of a material is damaged when impacted by loose particles. The screen pipe is an important downhole component in sand control completion, and the screen pipe can be locally corroded and damaged due to the action of sand-containing fluid in the long-term use process, so that the sand control function of the screen pipe fails. Actual production shows that erosion wear is an important reason for the failure of screen sand control. Therefore, the method has important significance for researching the erosion and wear of the sand control screen pipe, estimating the service life of the screen pipe by measuring the wear rate of the screen pipe, and preventing or reducing the loss caused by the sand production due to the failure of the screen pipe in the actual production.
In the perforation completion operation, the fluid carrying sand passes through the borehole and erodes the screen. Erosion damage to the screen mainly occurs in two forms: firstly, when a sand layer is not formed outside the sieve tube, the high-speed fluid carries sand grains to be directly sprayed to the surface of the sieve tube from a blast hole, and the sieve tube is broken, namely jet impact; and secondly, after a sand bridge sand layer is formed outside the sieve tube, part of the filtering units are blocked, and fluid carrying fine sand passes through the pore gaps of the unblocked filtering units at a high speed to erode and wear the inner walls of the pore gaps, so that the pore gaps are enlarged, namely the pore gaps are eroded. In the actual working process, the two erosion modes exist simultaneously, so that an erosion device needs to be designed to measure the erosion performance of the sample. And require the ability to vary the different erosion conditions. The erosion rate of a sample in actual production is related to factors such as grit velocity, fluid properties, grit size, grit content, erosion angle, etc. At present, the design research on the screen pipe erosion device is insufficient, and most of the existing erosion devices are designed aiming at erosion experiments under certain specific material conditions; and cannot simulate both jet impingement and crevice erosion simultaneously.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the technical defects, provides an erosion device and sample erosion wear rate measuring equipment, and solves the technical problem that experimental equipment in the prior art cannot simultaneously simulate jet impact and hole seam erosion.
In order to achieve the above technical object, an embodiment of the present invention provides an erosion apparatus and a sample erosion wear rate measurement device, the erosion apparatus including: the rack is arranged in the shell and divides an erosion cavity in the shell into a first erosion cavity and a second erosion cavity, a clamping groove for mounting a sample is formed in the rack, a first liquid discharge port and a second liquid discharge port which are respectively communicated with the first erosion cavity and the second erosion cavity are formed in the shell, the nozzle is connected with a liquid inlet of the shell, and a liquid outlet end of the nozzle is opposite to the clamping groove; wherein, the rack is movably connected with the shell and can adjust the distance between the rack and the nozzle.
The sample erosive wear rate measurement apparatus includes:
an oil storage tank;
the erosion device of any one of claims 1-4;
the inlet of the pump is communicated with the oil storage tank, and the outlet of the pump is communicated with the water inlet of the nozzle;
the sand storage tank is communicated with a pipeline between the pump and the nozzle;
and the collecting device comprises a first collecting device and a second collecting device, the first collecting device is communicated with the first liquid discharge port, the second collecting device is communicated with the second liquid discharge port, and the upper parts of the first collecting device and the second collecting device are at least partially transparent in structure.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the sample erosion wear rate measuring device not only can simulate two erosion conditions of jet flow impact and hole seam erosion, but also can test the relationship between the erosion rate and the variables such as gravel speed, fluid property, gravel size, gravel content, erosion angle and the like on the set of device, simulate different production conditions and have wider and comprehensive application performance.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a sample erosive wear rate measurement apparatus provided by the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the erosion apparatus of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged partial view of the gantry of FIG. 2;
fig. 4 is a block diagram of the connection between the calculation module and the detection module of the sample erosive wear rate measurement apparatus provided by the invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a sample erosive wear rate measurement apparatus provided by the present invention.
The sample erosive wear rate measurement apparatus includes: the device comprises an oil storage tank 1, a pump 2, an erosion device 3, a sand storage tank 4, a collecting device 5, an oil-sand separation device 6, a detection module (not shown) and a calculation module 9.
The oil storage tank 1 is filled with different kinds of fluid according to different requirements of experiments.
The inlet of the pump 2 is communicated with the oil storage tank 1, and the outlet of the pump is communicated with the erosion device 3.
Referring to fig. 2 and 3, fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the erosion apparatus of fig. 1; fig. 3 is a partially enlarged view of the stage of fig. 2.
The erosion device 3 comprises a housing body 31, a nozzle 32, a base 33, a flange 34, a stand 35, a sealing ring 36, a viewing window 37 and an annular spotlight 38.
The shell body 31 is of a tubular structure, a liquid inlet is formed in one end of the shell body, the other end of the shell body is open, the open end of the shell body is fixedly connected with the flange plate 34 to form a mounting opening, the base 33 is partially embedded in the shell body 31 and detachably connected with the flange plate 34 to form an erosion cavity, and the diameter of the erosion cavity is uniformly increased towards the direction of the base 33. The nozzle 32 penetrates through the liquid inlet, the liquid outlet end of the nozzle is opposite to the clamping groove on the rack 35, the liquid inlet end of the nozzle is positioned outside the erosion cavity and is communicated with the outlet of the pump 2, and the nozzle 32 is in sealing connection with the liquid inlet through a sealing ring 36. The nozzle 32 is a single port nozzle that can be replaced with erosion nozzles of different sizes or opening shapes to simulate blastholes in a casing downhole and blastholes in which the casing deforms under uneven stress. The base 33 includes a base body 331, a connecting portion 332, and a transparent plate 333. The base body 331 is of an annular structure, and the periphery of the base body is detachably connected with the flange 34. The connecting portion 332 is a cylindrical structure, and one end of the connecting portion is coaxially and vertically connected to the base body 331 and is inserted into the erosion cavity. The transmission plate 333 is detachably and hermetically connected with the inner ring of the base body 331, and is used for replacing the sample 100 during the experiment. The platform 35 includes a telescopic cylinder 351, a ring body 352, a clamping body 353 and a clip 354, wherein the telescopic cylinder 351, the ring body 352 and the clamping body 353 are an integrally formed structure. The telescopic cylinder 351 is cylindrical, one end of the telescopic cylinder is movably connected with the connecting part 352, the connecting mode of the telescopic cylinder includes but is not limited to threaded engagement connection and sliding groove fit connection, and the telescopic cylinder 351 can move along the axial direction. The ring body 352 is annular, has an inner diameter smaller than that of the telescopic cylinder 351, and is coaxially connected to the other end of the telescopic cylinder 351. The holder 353 is also annular and has an inner diameter smaller than that of the ring body 352 to coaxially couple one end of the ring body 352. One end of the clip 354 is connected to the ring body 353, the other end of the clip 354 is connected to the ring body 352, the clamping body 353 and the clip 354 cooperate to form a clamping groove, the sample 100 is placed in the clamping groove, and the other end of the clip 354 cooperates with the clamping body 353 to clamp the sample 100. The stage 35 divides the erosion chamber into a first erosion chamber and a second erosion chamber, which are communicated through a clamping groove. The housing body 31 is provided with a first liquid discharge port 311 communicated with the first erosion cavity, and the first liquid discharge port 311 is provided with a one-way switch 312. The connecting portion 332 is provided with a second drain port 331 communicating with the second erosion chamber. The observation window 37 is provided in the middle of the case body 31, and an experimenter can observe the erosion of the sample 100 through the observation window 37 during the experiment. An annular spotlight 38 is built into the erosion chamber and shines towards the gantry 35 to make the view more clear to the observer.
Store up the pipeline between sand jar 4 intercommunication pump 2 and the nozzle 32, different materials, not unidimensional gravel are placed to inside according to the experiment needs.
The collecting device 5 comprises a first collecting device 51 and a second collecting device 52. The first collection device 51 communicates with the first drain port 311, and the second collection device 52 communicates with the second drain port 331. The upper parts of the first collecting device 51 and the second collecting device 52 are at least partially transparent, and in this embodiment, the collecting device 5 is preferably made of a completely transparent material such as plexiglass, so that the laboratory personnel can observe the gravel condition in the first collecting device 51 and the second collecting device 52, and the laboratory instrument can acquire the images in the first collecting device 51 and the second collecting device 52.
The inlet ends of the oil sand separation device 6 are respectively communicated with the first collection device 51 and the second collection device 52, the oil path outlet is communicated with the oil storage tank 1, and the sand path outlet is communicated with the sand storage tank 4 to form a closed loop, so that fluid and gravel can be repeatedly used in the experimental equipment.
Referring to fig. 4, fig. 4 is a connection block diagram of a calculation module and a detection module of the sample erosive wear rate measurement apparatus provided by the present invention.
The detection module includes a first flow meter 81, a second flow meter 82, a pressure monitoring device 83, a mass sensor 84, a laser particle sizer 85, an image sensor 86, a range finder 87, and a distance sensor 88.
The first flowmeter 81 is disposed on a pipeline between the pump 2 and the nozzle 32, and located in front of a branch communicated with the sand storage tank 4, and is used for collecting the flow rate of fluid pumped by the pump 2, and when the flow rate reaches an experimental required value, a valve on the sand storage tank 4 is opened, and gravel in the sand storage tank 4 is sucked into the fluid by using negative pressure generated by fluid flow. The second flow meter 82 is disposed on the pipeline between the second collection device 52 and the second drain port 331, and is configured to collect the flow rate of the sand-containing fluid flowing into the second collection device 52. The pressure monitoring device 83 is a pressure gauge, a pressure control valve or a combination of the pressure gauge and the pressure control valve, is arranged on a pipeline between the first flowmeter 81 and the nozzle 32, is positioned behind a branch communicated with the sand storage tank 4, and is used for collecting the pressure value of the sand-containing fluid.
A mass sensor 84 is disposed at the bottom of the second collection device 52 for measuring real-time changes in the mass of the second collection device 52. The first collecting device 51 and the second collecting device 52 are provided with a laser particle sizer 85 and an image sensor 86 outside each, and are directed toward the transparent portions of the first collecting device 51 and the second collecting device 52, and images of the inner grits are taken through the transparent portions. The laser particle size analyzer 85 can estimate the particle size of the grit particles from the distribution of the scattered light, and the image sensor 86 can observe the dispersion condition of the grit, the approximate particle size range of the sample, and whether a low content of large particles or small particles is present. A distance meter 87 is provided in the case body 31 at an end close to the nozzle 32, and distance sensors 88 are provided on the nozzle 32 and the stage 35, respectively, for more precisely adjusting the relative positions of the nozzle 32 and the stage 35.
The calculation module 9 collects the data collected in the detection module and calculates by the following method:
the first evaluation method adopts the average sand concentration eta of the fluid passing through the sample 100 as a sand-blocking performance evaluation parameter of the sieve tube sample 100, and is used for representing the erosion wear condition of the sample:
wherein, V is Qi+1-Qi；m＝MGeneral assembly-ρLiquid for treating urinary tract infectionV, namely: eta ═ MGeneral assembly/(Qi+1-Qi)]-ρLiquid for treating urinary tract infection. Where M is the total sand output through the sample 100 and MGeneral assemblyIs the total mass of the sand-laden fluid in the second collection device 52, as measured directly by the mass sensor 84, pLiquid for treating urinary tract infectionIs the density of the fluid, is a known quantity, V is the total fluid volume passing through the screen sample 100, Qi+1The flow through the screen sample 100 at time i +1 is measured directly by the second flow meter 82, QiThe flow rate was measured for the test time at time i.
In the second evaluation method, the laser particle size measuring instrument 85 and the image sensor 86 measure the sand grain size α of the first collection device 51 respectively1Sand grain size alpha with second collection device 522Recording alpha at different times after data acquisition1And alpha2By calculating the relative change between them, i.e. λ ═ α1/α2As an index of erosion and wear of the sample;
and thirdly, after the experiment is finished, washing and airing the sample, recording and comparing the mass m of the sieve tube sample 100 before the erosion1Mass m of the screen pipe sample piece 100 after erosion2Calculating the mass percent reduction theta of the sieve tube sample sheet 100 to be 1-m2/m1This was used as an index for evaluating the erosion wear of the sample 100.
In actual operation, according to the actual conditions simulated as required, the corresponding proper fluid and gravel are selected, the fluid is filled in the oil storage tank 1, and the gravel is placed in the sand storage tank 4. The appropriate nozzle 32 is then selected based on the desired simulated nozzle opening shape and pitch angle. The through-plate 333 is opened, the sample 100 is mounted through the through-hole, and the sample 100 is clamped by the clip 36. The stage 35 is adjusted so that the distance between the sample 100 and the nozzle 32 meets the experimental requirements. And finally, connecting the components according to the connection relation.
In the experimental process, the power of the pump 2 is adjusted to change the speed of the fluid to meet the experimental requirements, when the flow rate monitored by the first flowmeter 81 meets the requirements, the valve of the sand storage tank 4 is opened, and the sand content of the fluid is controlled to meet the experimental requirements through the opening and closing size of the valve. Then, the erosion of the sample 100 was judged comprehensively by the above three evaluation methods.
When jet impact is simulated, the one-way switch 312 is opened, the pump 2 is directly adjusted to the power required by the experiment, the sand-containing fluid is directly sprayed onto the sample 100, and the erosion condition of the sample is tested.
When the erosion of the hole seams is simulated, the one-way switch 312 is closed, the pump 2 is adjusted to a safe power, the sand-containing fluid is sprayed onto the sample 100 at a safe speed which does not wear the sample 100, after a sand bridge sand layer is formed on the sample 100, the one-way switch 312 is opened, the pump 2 is adjusted to the power required by the experiment, the sand-containing fluid is sprayed onto the sample 100 at a high speed required by the experiment, and the erosion condition of the sample is tested.
The embodiment of the invention has the following beneficial effects: the sample erosion wear rate measuring device not only can simulate two erosion conditions of jet flow impact and hole seam erosion, but also can test the relationship between the erosion rate and the variables such as gravel speed, fluid property, gravel size, gravel content, erosion angle and the like on the set of device, simulate different production conditions and have wider and comprehensive application performance.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (1)
1. A specimen erosive wear rate measurement apparatus, the specimen erosive wear rate measurement apparatus comprising:
an oil storage tank;
an erosion device;
the inlet of the pump is communicated with the oil storage tank, and the outlet of the pump is communicated with the water inlet of the nozzle;
the sand storage tank is communicated with a pipeline between the pump and the nozzle;
the collecting device comprises a first collecting device and a second collecting device, the first collecting device is communicated with the first liquid discharging port, a one-way switch is arranged on the first liquid discharging port, and the second collecting device is communicated with the second liquid discharging port;
the erosion device comprises a shell, a rack and a nozzle, wherein the rack is arranged in the shell and divides an erosion cavity in the shell into a first erosion cavity and a second erosion cavity, a clamping groove for mounting a sample is formed in the rack, the first erosion cavity and the second erosion cavity are communicated through the clamping groove, a first liquid discharge port and a second liquid discharge port which are respectively communicated with the first erosion cavity and the second erosion cavity are formed in the shell, the nozzle is connected to a liquid inlet of the shell, and a liquid outlet end of the nozzle is opposite to the clamping groove; wherein the rack is movably connected to the shell and can adjust the distance between the rack and the nozzle;
the shell comprises a shell body and a base, wherein one end of the shell body is provided with a liquid inlet, the other end of the shell body is provided with an installation port, the base is detachably connected to one end of the shell body, which is opposite to the installation port, and the rack is connected with the base; the cross section area of the shell body is gradually increased from the liquid inlet end to the mounting end, and a transparent observation window is embedded in the side wall of the shell body;
the base comprises a connecting part which is annular and is partially inserted in the mounting port, a base body formed by extending the outer edge of one end of the base body away from the liquid inlet outwards and a through plate which is hermetically connected with the inner edge of one end of the connecting part away from the liquid inlet, and the connecting part is detachably connected with the shell body;
the sample erosion wear rate measuring equipment also comprises an oil-sand separation device, wherein the inlet end of the oil-sand separation device is respectively communicated with the first collecting device and the second collecting device, the oil path outlet of the oil-sand separation device is communicated with the oil storage tank, and the sand path outlet of the oil-sand separation device is communicated with the sand storage tank;
the sample erosion wear rate measuring equipment further comprises a detection module and a calculation module, wherein the detection module comprises a first flowmeter used for collecting the flow rate of fluid pumped out by the pump, a second flowmeter used for collecting the flow rate of fluid in a second liquid outlet, a pressure monitoring device used for collecting the pressure of sand-containing fluid entering the nozzle, and a second receiving device used for measuring the second receiving pressureThe quality sensor of collection device quality is used for gathering grit granularity's laser survey particle size appearance and image sensor in the collection device, is used for measuring the rack with laser range finder and distance sensor of distance between the nozzle, calculation module is used for collecting the data of gathering in the detection module and calculation obtain the average sand content eta of fluid in the second collection device and the grit grain size alpha that goes out of first collection device1Sand grain size alpha of second collecting device2The ratio λ of (A);
the calculation formula of the eta is as follows: eta ═ MGeneral assembly/(Qi+1-Qi)]-ρLiquid for treating urinary tract infection(ii) a Wherein M isGeneral assemblyIs the total mass of the sand-containing fluid in the second collection device, directly measured by the mass sensor, rhoLiquid for treating urinary tract infectionIs the density of the fluid, a known quantity, Qi+1Flow rate of the sample through the sieve tube at time i +1, QiMeasuring the flow for the test time at the ith moment, and directly measuring the flow through the second flowmeter;
the calculation formula of the lambda is as follows: λ ═ α1/α2Wherein alpha is1And alpha2The granularity of the gravel in the first collecting device and the second collecting device is directly measured by the laser particle size measuring instrument and the image sensor;
when jet flow impact is simulated, a one-way switch is turned on, the pump is directly adjusted to the power required by the experiment, the sand-containing fluid is directly sprayed onto the sample, and the erosion condition of the sample is tested;
when the erosion of the hole seams is simulated, the one-way switch is closed, the pump is adjusted to safe power, the sand-containing fluid is sprayed onto the sample at a safe speed without abrasion of the sample, after a sand bridge sand layer is formed on the sample, the one-way switch is opened, the pump is adjusted to power required by an experiment, the sand-containing fluid is sprayed onto the sample at a high speed required by the experiment, and the erosion condition of the sample is tested.
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| CN109682707A (en) * | 2019-01-30 | 2019-04-26 | 中国海洋石油集团有限公司 | Sand control screen Anti-erosion experimental provision |
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| CN112945703B (en) * | 2021-02-04 | 2022-03-11 | 西南石油大学 | Liquid-solid two-phase flow visual erosion simulation device |
| CN113252521B (en) * | 2021-05-08 | 2023-06-27 | 浙江理工大学 | Gas-solid two-phase flow deposition characteristic experimental device with particle size automatic screening function |
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