CN108300993A - Silicon nitride-hard alloy gradient coating cutter and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Silicon nitride-hard alloy gradient coating cutter and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/515—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics
- C04B35/58—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on borides, nitrides, i.e. nitrides, oxynitrides, carbonitrides or oxycarbonitrides or silicides
- C04B35/584—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on borides, nitrides, i.e. nitrides, oxynitrides, carbonitrides or oxycarbonitrides or silicides based on silicon nitride
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C29/00—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides
- C22C29/02—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides
- C22C29/06—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides based on carbides, but not containing other metal compounds
- C22C29/08—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides based on carbides, but not containing other metal compounds based on tungsten carbide
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
- C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
- C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3205—Alkaline earth oxides or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. beryllium oxide
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- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3224—Rare earth oxide or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. scandium oxide
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/38—Non-oxide ceramic constituents or additives
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/40—Metallic constituents or additives not added as binding phase
- C04B2235/405—Iron group metals
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of silicon nitride hard alloy gradient coating cutters and preparation method thereof.The tool matrix material is high-speed steel, and it is silicon-nitride-based ceramic layer and the alternate gradient multiple coating of hard alloy layer that tool matrix surface, which has laminated coating, the coating,.The coating of the present invention is prepared using laser cladding method, and preparation process is：(1) pre-treatment；(2) cladding hard alloy layer；(3) cladding silicon-nitride-based ceramic layer；(4) alternating cladding hard alloy layer and silicon-nitride-based ceramic layer；(5) it post-processes.Compared with prior art, the gradient coating of the tool surface takes into account the characteristics of silicon-nitride-based ceramic and hard alloy, not only has good toughness, but also have higher hardness and wear-resisting property.The coated cutting tool can be widely applied to the machining of dry cutting and difficult-to-machine material.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to mechanical cutting tool more particularly to silicon nitride-hard alloy gradient coating cutter and its preparation sides
Method.
Background technology
Since cutting fluid is costly, and environmental pollution is caused, dry machining technology has become a research of green processing
Hot spot.But when high-speed dry cutting, the friction between rake face upper slitter and bits is extremely violent, produces a large amount of heat, results in knife
The Fast Wearing of tool.Therefore there is an urgent need to research and develop Novel cutter pollution-free, efficient and with high rigidity, high-wear resistance
Tool, to reduce friction to improve cutter life.Widely used cutter material mainly has high-speed steel, hard both at home and abroad at present
Matter alloy, ceramics and diamond cutter etc..Wherein high-speed steel heat conductivility is poor, hardness is low and wear-resisting property is poor, is not suitable for
Process difficult-to-machine material；Hard alloy and sintex etc. are susceptible to since the brittleness of material itself is larger in manufacturing process
Cutting edge is broken the service life reduction for leading to cutter；And the manufacturing costs such as diamond cutter are higher.Therefore coating treatment is carried out to cutter
It is the important channel for improving cutting performance, with the development of Machining Technology for Cutting, single coating has been unable to meet process requirements, more
First gradient coating has become the important development direction of coated cutting tool.
Application No. is 201110214393.2 Chinese invention patents to disclose a kind of laminated coating cutter and its preparation side
Method, coating of the invention are prepared using electric arc plating method, and coated cutting tool takes into account the spy of ZrN, ZrTiN and gradient laminated construction
Point improves the hardness, intensity and impact resistance of coating, extends cutter life；But by this method prepares coating thickness by
Limitation is arrived, and it is relatively low to apply interfacial bonding strength.In addition, the Chinese invention patent application No. is 200910014460.9 discloses
A kind of silicon nitride based nano complex gradient function ceramic tool material and preparation method thereof, the ceramic cutting tool material have five layers it is right
Claim gradient hierarchical structure, so that the mechanical property of cutter material is changed in gradient, residual thermal stress can be effectively relieved；But sintex
Itself have the shortcomings that brittleness is larger.
Invention content
Goal of the invention：The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of silicon nitride-hard alloy gradient coating cutter and its preparation sides
Method, which not only has good toughness, but also has higher hardness and wear-resisting property, while it is higher to apply interfacial bonding strength.
Technical solution：The basis material of gradient coating cutter of the present invention is high-speed steel, and tool matrix surface is applied with multilayer
Layer, tool matrix material surface coating are silicon-nitride-based ceramic layer and the alternate gradient multiple coating of hard alloy layer.
Silicon-nitride-based ceramic layer predominant quantity percentage is：α-siliconnitride 60-80%, beta-silicon nitride 3-10%,
Titanium carbide 10-30%, yttrium oxide 1-4%, magnesia 1-4% and cobalt 1-3%.
Hard alloy layer predominant quantity percentage is：Tungsten carbide 70-90%, titanium carbide 5-15%, cobalt 3-15%,
Ramet 1-5%.
The thickness range of silicon-nitride-based ceramic layer and hard alloy layer is 100-400 μm.
Silicon-nitride-based ceramic layer and the alternate gradient multiple coating thickness range of hard alloy layer are 200-2400 μm.
In the preparation method of silicon nitride-hard alloy gradient coating cutter, coating is prepared using laser cladding method, tool
Preparation step is：
(1) pre-treatment：Cutter is successively placed in alcohol and acetone soln and is cleaned by ultrasonic 20-30min, is carried out at degreasing
Reason；
(2) cladding hard alloy layer：Prepared hard alloy mixed powder is fitted into powder feeder, using carbon dioxide
Laser is by the cladding of hard alloy mixed powder in cutter rake face；
(3) cladding silicon-nitride-based ceramic layer：Prepared silicon-nitride-based ceramic mixed powder is fitted into powder feeder, is used
Carbon dioxide laser is by the cladding of silicon-nitride-based ceramic mixed powder in cutter rake face；
(4) alternating cladding hard alloy layer and silicon-nitride-based ceramic layer：Step (2) and step (3) are repeated, alternately cladding is hard
Matter alloy-layer and silicon-nitride-based ceramic layer；
(5) it post-processes：Tool surface is modified after the completion of cladding.
In step (2) and (3), the powder feeding rate of powder feeder is 20-60g/cm3。
In step (2) and (3), laser melting coating is all made of synchronous powder feeding system mode and carries out, and powder feeding gas is all made of argon with protection gas
Gas；Laser power ranging from 300-1500W, sweep speed 5-50mm/s, overlapping rate Φ are 30-60%.
Advantageous effect：Compared with prior art, the present invention has the following advantages：(1) gradient coating of the tool surface is simultaneous
The characteristics of caring for silicon-nitride-based ceramic and hard alloy has high hardness, good toughness and wearability performance；It can effectively carry
High cutting performance reduces tool wear, to improve cutter life.(2) coated cutting tool can be widely applied to dry cutting and difficulty
The machining of rapidoprint, has broad application prospects.
Specific implementation mode
Embodiment 1：Gradient coating tool matrix material is high-speed steel, and tool matrix surface has laminated coating, cutter base
Body material surface coating is silicon-nitride-based ceramic layer and the alternate gradient multiple coating of hard alloy layer.
Gradient coating cutter is prepared using the method for laser melting coating in cutter rake face, and specific preparation process is：
(1) pre-treatment：Cutter is successively placed in alcohol and acetone soln and is cleaned by ultrasonic 20min, carries out degreasing processing；
(2) cladding hard alloy layer：Hard alloy powder is configured, predominant quantity percentage is：Tungsten carbide
90%, titanium carbide 6%, cobalt 3%, ramet 1%；Prepared hard alloy mixed powder is fitted into powder feeder, adjustment is sent
Powder device powder feeding rate is 30g/cm3；Use wavelength that hard alloy mixed powder cladding exists for 10.6 μm of carbon dioxide laser
Cutter rake face, laser melting coating are carried out using synchronous powder feeding system mode, and powder feeding gas is all made of argon gas with protection gas；Laser processing parameter
It is as follows：Laser power is 400W, sweep speed 20mm/s, overlapping rate Φ=40%；Its coating layer thickness is 100 μm；
(3) cladding silicon-nitride-based ceramic layer：Configure silicon-nitride-based ceramic mixed powder, predominant quantity percentage
For：α-siliconnitride 80%, beta-silicon nitride 3%, titanium carbide 14%, yttrium oxide 1%, magnesia 1% and cobalt 1%；It will be prepared
Mixed powder is fitted into powder feeder, and adjustment powder feeder powder feeding rate is 30g/cm3；Wavelength is used to swash for 10.6 μm of carbon dioxide
Light is by the cladding of silicon-nitride-based ceramic mixed powder in cutter rake face, and laser melting coating is carried out using synchronous powder feeding system mode, powder feeding gas
It is all made of argon gas with protection gas；Laser power is 500W, sweep speed 20mm/s, overlapping rate Φ=40%；Its coating layer thickness is
100μm；
(4) alternating cladding hard alloy layer and silicon-nitride-based ceramic layer：Step (2) and step (3) are repeated, alternately cladding is hard
Matter alloy-layer and silicon-nitride-based ceramic layer, gradient coating thickness are 200 μm；
(5) it post-processes：Tool surface is modified after the completion of cladding.
Embodiment 2：In this embodiment the preparation method of gradient coating cutter using laser melting coating method before cutter knife
Prepared by face, difference from Example 1 is, step (2), (3) material composition weight percent, coating layer thickness and laser
Machined parameters are different from embodiment 1, and gradient coating thickness is different from embodiment 1 in step (4).The specific preparation process of cutter is such as
Under：
Gradient coating cutter of the present invention is prepared using the method for laser melting coating in cutter rake face, specific preparation process
For：
(1) pre-treatment：Cutter is successively placed in alcohol and acetone soln and is cleaned by ultrasonic 30min, carries out degreasing processing；
(2) cladding hard alloy layer：Hard alloy powder is configured, predominant quantity percentage is：Tungsten carbide
70%, titanium carbide 15%, cobalt 10%, ramet 5%；Prepared hard alloy mixed powder is fitted into powder feeder, is adjusted
Powder feeder powder feeding rate is 50g/cm3；It is 10.6 μm of carbon dioxide laser by hard alloy mixed powder cladding to use wavelength
In cutter rake face, laser melting coating is carried out using synchronous powder feeding system mode, and powder feeding gas is all made of argon gas with protection gas；Laser processing ginseng
Number is as follows：Laser power is 1000W, sweep speed 40mm/s, overlapping rate Φ=50%；Its coating layer thickness is 400 μm；
(3) cladding silicon-nitride-based ceramic layer：Configure silicon-nitride-based ceramic mixed powder, predominant quantity percentage
For：α-siliconnitride 60%, beta-silicon nitride 10%, titanium carbide 19%, yttrium oxide 4%, magnesia 4% and cobalt 3%；It will be prepared
Mixed powder is fitted into powder feeder, and adjustment powder feeder powder feeding rate is 50g/cm3；Wavelength is used to swash for 10.6 μm of carbon dioxide
Light is by the cladding of silicon-nitride-based ceramic mixed powder in cutter rake face, and laser melting coating is carried out using synchronous powder feeding system mode, powder feeding gas
It is all made of argon gas with protection gas；Laser power is 1000W, sweep speed 40mm/s, overlapping rate Φ=50%；Its coating layer thickness is
400μm；
(4) alternating cladding hard alloy layer and silicon-nitride-based ceramic layer：Step (2) and step (3) are repeated, alternately cladding is hard
Matter alloy-layer and silicon-nitride-based ceramic layer, gradient coating thickness are 2400 μm；
(5) it post-processes：Tool surface is modified after the completion of cladding.
Embodiment 3：In this embodiment the preparation method of gradient coating cutter using laser melting coating method before cutter knife
Face prepare, with embodiment 1,2 the difference is that, step (2), the weight percent of (3) material composition, coating layer thickness and swash
Light machined parameters are different from embodiment 1,2, and gradient coating thickness is different from embodiment 1,2 in step (4).Cutter specifically prepares step
It is rapid as follows：
Gradient coating cutter of the present invention is prepared using the method for laser melting coating in cutter rake face, specific preparation process
For：
(1) pre-treatment：Cutter is successively placed in alcohol and acetone soln and is cleaned by ultrasonic 30min, carries out degreasing processing；
(2) cladding hard alloy layer：Hard alloy powder is configured, predominant quantity percentage is：Tungsten carbide
82%, titanium carbide 5%, cobalt 10%, ramet 3%；Prepared hard alloy mixed powder is fitted into powder feeder, adjustment is sent
Powder device powder feeding rate is 50g/cm3；Use wavelength that hard alloy mixed powder cladding exists for 10.6 μm of carbon dioxide laser
Cutter rake face, laser melting coating are carried out using synchronous powder feeding system mode, and powder feeding gas is all made of argon gas with protection gas；Laser processing parameter
It is as follows：Laser power is 1000W, sweep speed 40mm/s, overlapping rate Φ=50%；Its coating layer thickness is 200 μm；
(3) cladding silicon-nitride-based ceramic layer：Configure silicon-nitride-based ceramic mixed powder, predominant quantity percentage
For：α-siliconnitride 62%, beta-silicon nitride 4%, titanium carbide 30%, yttrium oxide 1%, magnesia 1% and cobalt 2%；It will be prepared
Mixed powder is fitted into powder feeder, and adjustment powder feeder powder feeding rate is 50g/cm3；Wavelength is used to swash for 10.6 μm of carbon dioxide
Light is by the cladding of silicon-nitride-based ceramic mixed powder in cutter rake face, and laser melting coating is carried out using synchronous powder feeding system mode, powder feeding gas
It is all made of argon gas with protection gas；Laser power is 1000W, sweep speed 40mm/s, overlapping rate Φ=50%；Its coating layer thickness is
200μm；
(4) alternating cladding hard alloy layer and silicon-nitride-based ceramic layer：Step (2) and step (3) are repeated, alternately cladding is hard
Matter alloy-layer and silicon-nitride-based ceramic layer, gradient coating thickness are 1200 μm；
(5) it post-processes：Tool surface is modified after the completion of cladding.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of silicon nitride-hard alloy gradient coating cutter, tool matrix material is high-speed steel, and tool matrix surface has more
Layer coating, it is characterised in that：The tool matrix material surface coating is that silicon-nitride-based ceramic layer and hard alloy layer are alternate
Gradient multiple coating.
2. silicon nitride according to claim 1-hard alloy gradient coating cutter, it is characterised in that：The nitridation silicon substrate
Ceramic layer predominant quantity percentage is：α-siliconnitride 60-80%, beta-silicon nitride 3-10%, titanium carbide 10-30%, oxygen
Change yttrium 1-4%, magnesia 1-4% and cobalt 1-3%.
3. silicon nitride according to claim 1-hard alloy gradient coating cutter, it is characterised in that：The hard alloy
Layer predominant quantity percentage be：Tungsten carbide 70-90%, titanium carbide 5-15%, cobalt 3-15%, ramet 1-5%.
4. silicon nitride according to claim 1-hard alloy gradient coating cutter, it is characterised in that：The nitridation silicon substrate
The thickness range of ceramic layer and hard alloy layer is 100-400 μm.
5. silicon nitride according to claim 1-hard alloy gradient coating cutter, it is characterised in that：The nitridation silicon substrate
Ceramic layer and the alternate gradient multiple coating thickness range of hard alloy layer are 200-2400 μm.
6. a kind of preparation method using silicon nitride as described in claim 1-hard alloy gradient coating cutter, feature exists
In：The coating is prepared using laser cladding method, and specific preparation process is：
(1) pre-treatment：Cutter is successively placed in alcohol and acetone soln and is cleaned by ultrasonic 20-30min, carries out degreasing processing；
(2) cladding hard alloy layer：Prepared hard alloy mixed powder is fitted into powder feeder, using carbon dioxide laser
By the cladding of hard alloy mixed powder in cutter rake face；
(3) cladding silicon-nitride-based ceramic layer：Prepared silicon-nitride-based ceramic mixed powder is fitted into powder feeder, using dioxy
Change carbon laser by the cladding of silicon-nitride-based ceramic mixed powder in cutter rake face；
(4) alternating cladding hard alloy layer and silicon-nitride-based ceramic layer：Step (2) and step (3) are repeated, alternately cladding hard closes
Layer gold and silicon-nitride-based ceramic layer；
(5) it post-processes：Tool surface is modified after the completion of cladding.
7. the preparation method of silicon nitride according to claim 6-hard alloy gradient coating cutter, it is characterised in that：Step
Suddenly in (2) and (3), the powder feeding rate of the powder feeder is 20-60g/cm3。
8. the preparation method of silicon nitride according to claim 6-hard alloy gradient coating cutter, it is characterised in that：Step
Suddenly in (2) and (3), the laser melting coating is all made of synchronous powder feeding system mode and carries out, and powder feeding gas is all made of argon gas with protection gas；Laser
Power bracket is 300-1500W, and sweep speed 5-50mm/s, overlapping rate Φ are 30-60%.
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Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110129741A (en) * | 2019-05-13 | 2019-08-16 | 东南大学 | A kind of polynary nanometer laminated coating cutter and preparation method thereof |
| CN110205578A (en) * | 2019-06-13 | 2019-09-06 | 东南大学 | A kind of plasma spray coating gradient hard conating self-lubricating knife tool and preparation method thereof |
| CN110241347A (en) * | 2019-06-13 | 2019-09-17 | 东南大学 | A kind of super-hard self-lubricating coated cutting tool and preparation method thereof |
| CN110306190A (en) * | 2019-06-13 | 2019-10-08 | 东南大学 | A kind of polynary nanometer gradient coating cutter and preparation method thereof |
| CN110343991A (en) * | 2019-06-13 | 2019-10-18 | 东南大学 | A kind of antifriction antiwear self-lubricating coat in use bearing and preparation method thereof |
| CN110541102A (en) * | 2019-08-30 | 2019-12-06 | 广东技术师范大学 | coating gradient hard alloy cutter directly coated with CBN coating and preparation method thereof |
| WO2020133511A1 (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2020-07-02 | 深圳市金洲精工科技股份有限公司 | Cutter having hard coating and superhard coating, and manufacturing method therefor |
| WO2020133512A1 (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2020-07-02 | 深圳市金洲精工科技股份有限公司 | Cutter with hard coating and manufacturing method therefor |
| CN112080677A (en) * | 2019-06-12 | 2020-12-15 | C4有限公司 | Carbide material for cutting device and related manufacturing method |
| CN114351137A (en) * | 2021-12-17 | 2022-04-15 | 江苏大学 | Nacre-like layered steel-bonded hard alloy formed by laser induction and preparation method thereof |
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