CN108165988B - Gradient coating cutter and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Gradient coating cutter and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108165988B
CN108165988B CN201810076691.1A CN201810076691A CN108165988B CN 108165988 B CN108165988 B CN 108165988B CN 201810076691 A CN201810076691 A CN 201810076691A CN 108165988 B CN108165988 B CN 108165988B
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cladding
powder
hard alloy
cutter
coating
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CN108165988A (en
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邢佑强
王孟雅
李想
胡若愚
黄开靓
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Southeast University
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Southeast University
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
    • C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
    • C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
    • C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of gradient coating cutter and preparation method thereof, which is high-speed steel, and matrix surface has laminated coating, and coating is addition MoS2, BN and LaF3Hard alloy layer and Al2O3The alternate gradient multiple coating of base ceramic layer.Cutter coat is prepared using laser cladding method, preparation step are as follows: (1) pre-treatment；(2) cladding hard alloy layer；(3) cladding Al2O3Base ceramic layer；(4) alternating cladding hard alloy layer and Al2O3Base ceramic layer；(5) it post-processes.Compared with prior art, which takes into account Al2O3The characteristics of base ceramics and hard alloy, hardness with higher and good toughness；MoS2, BN and LaF3Addition so that the cutter all has good self-lubricating effect within the scope of larger cutting temperature.The coated cutting tool can be applied to the machining of dry cutting and difficult-to-machine material.

Description

Gradient coating cutter and preparation method thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to mechanical cutting tool manufacturing fields more particularly to gradient coating cutter and preparation method thereof.
Background technique
Since cutting fluid is costly, and environmental pollution is caused, therefore dry machining technology has become one of green processing Research hotspot.But in high-speed dry cutting, the friction between rake face upper slitter and bits is extremely violent, produces a large amount of heat, leads The Fast Wearing of cutter is caused.Therefore there is an urgent need to research and develop it is pollution-free, efficiently and with high rigidity, high-wear resistance it is new Type cutter, to reduce friction to improve cutter life.
Widely used cutter material mainly has high-speed steel, hard alloy, ceramics and diamond tool both at home and abroad at present Tool etc..Wherein high-speed steel heating conduction is poor, hardness is low and wear-resisting property is poor, is not suitable for processing material more difficult to process；Firmly Matter alloy and sintex etc. are easy to appear cutting edge fracture since the brittleness of material itself is larger in manufacturing process, and then cause The service life reduction of cutter；And the manufacturing cost of diamond cutter is higher.Currently, carrying out coating treatment to cutter is to improve cutter The important channel of energy, with the development of Machining Technology for Cutting, single coating has been unable to meet process requirements, and polynary gradient coating is Important development direction as coated cutting tool.
Application No. is 201110214393.2 Chinese invention patents to disclose a kind of laminated coating cutter and its preparation side The characteristics of method, coating are prepared using electric arc plating method, and coated cutting tool takes into account ZrN, ZrTiN and gradient laminated construction, into And the hardness, intensity and impact resistance of coating are improved, extend cutter life.Application No. is 201310089381.0 China Patent of invention discloses a kind of AlZrCrN Composite Double gradient coating cutter and preparation method thereof, prepares double ladders using magnetron sputtering Composite coating is spent, coated cutting tool is followed successively by Cr transition zone, gradient CrN transition zone, ladder from inner along vertical matrix surface direction outward AlZrCrN transition zone and AlZrCrN layers are spent, which can reduce the remnants that coated cutting tool applies interlayer in use Thermal stress.But it is restricted by coating layer thickness prepared by above method, and it is lower to apply interfacial bonding strength.Application No. is 03112232.9 Chinese invention patent discloses a kind of gradient function ceramic tool material and preparation method thereof, the gradient function Ceramic cutting tool material has the two-way composition distributed architecture of symmetry, but sintex itself haves the shortcomings that brittleness is larger.Application Number for 201710541381.8 Chinese invention patent disclose a kind of laser melting coating graphene-ceramics self-lubricating coat in use cutter and Preparation method, the cutter rake face are graphene-ceramics self-lubricating coat in use, and the self-lubricating of cutter in cutting process may be implemented Function, but cutter coat toughness needs to be further improved.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention: it is an object of the invention to overcome above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art, a kind of gradient coating cutter is provided And preparation method thereof, which has good toughness, high hardness, good thermal stability and antiwear property, together When to apply interfacial bonding strength higher and coating has effects that self-lubricating.When dry cutting, gradient coating can reduce tool wear, from And improve cutter life.
Technical solution: gradient coating cutter, tool matrix material are high-speed steel, and tool matrix surface has laminated coating, Its coating is addition MoS2, BN and LaF3Hard alloy layer and Al2O3The alternate gradient multiple coating of base ceramic layer.
In the hard alloy layer mixed powder of configuration, predominant quantity percentage are as follows: 65-80%WC, 6-15% TiC, 5-10%Co, 1-2%TaC, 2-3%MoS2, 0.5-2%BN, 1-4%LaF3.The Al of configuration2O3Base ceramic layer mixed powder In material, predominant quantity percentage are as follows: 40-60%Al2O3, 30-45%TiC, 3-6%MoS2, 1-4%BN, 1-4% LaF3, 0.5-1%Ni and 0.5-1%Mo.
The preparation method of gradient coating cutter is prepared using the method for laser melting coating in cutter rake face, specific to prepare Step are as follows:
(1) pre-treatment: cutter being successively placed in alcohol and acetone soln and is cleaned by ultrasonic 20-30min, is carried out at degreasing Reason；
(2) cladding hard alloy layer: by MoS2, BN and LaF3Powder, which is added in cemented carbide powder, configures mixed powder, Prepared hard alloy mixed powder is fitted into powder feeder；Using laser by hard alloy mixed powder cladding before cutter Knife face；
(3) cladding Al2O3Base ceramic layer: by MoS2, BN and LaF3Powder is added to Al2O3Based ceramic powder configures mixing in end Powder, by prepared Al2O3Base ceramics mixed powder is fitted into powder feeder；Using laser by Al2O3Base ceramics mixed powder is molten Overlay on cutter rake face；
(4) alternating cladding hard alloy layer and Al2O3Base ceramic layer: step (2) and step (3) are repeated, alternately cladding hard Alloy-layer and Al2O3Base ceramic layer；
(5) it post-processes: tool surface being modified after the completion of cladding.
In step (2) and (3), cladding hard alloy layer and cladding Al2O3The range of coat thicknesses of base ceramic layer is 100- 300μm。
In step (2) and (3), using CO2Laser melting coating synchronous powder feeding system mode, laser power range are 200-1000W, are swept Retouching velocity interval is 5-40mm/s, and overlapping rate Φ range is 30-60%.
In step (2) and (3), the powder feeding rate range of powder feeder is 10-50g/cm3。
In step (4), alternating cladding hard alloy layer and Al2O3The range of coat thicknesses of base ceramic layer is 500-2000 μm.
Working principle: tool surface coating of the invention is addition MoS2, BN and LaF3Al2O3Base ceramic layer and hard The alternate gradient multiple coating of alloy-layer, the gradient coating take into account Al2O3The characteristics of base ceramics and hard alloy, with high hard Degree and good toughness, while MoS2, BN and LaF3Addition improve the thermal stability of coating, make cutter in larger cutting Good self-lubricating effect is all had in temperature range.Painting interfacial bonding strength is higher and coating has effects that self-lubricating；It is dry to cut When cutting, gradient coating can reduce tool wear, to improve cutter life.
The utility model has the advantages that compared with prior art, the invention has the following advantages that (1) cutter has good toughness, pole High hardness, good thermal stability and antiwear property；(2) cutter all has self-lubricating within the scope of larger cutting temperature Effect extends cutter life；(3) it can be applied to the machining of dry cutting and difficult-to-machine material, there is wide answer Use prospect.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of gradient coating cutter.
Specific embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, gradient coating cutter includes tool matrix 1, hard alloy coating 2 and Al2O3Base ceramic coating 3, The material of middle tool matrix 1 is high-speed steel, and tool matrix material surface coating is addition MoS2, BN and LaF3Hard alloy layer 2 And Al2O3The alternate gradient multiple coating of base ceramic layer 3.
Embodiment 1: the method that gradient coating cutter uses laser melting coating is prepared in cutter rake face, specific preparation step Suddenly are as follows:
(1) pre-treatment: cutter being successively placed in alcohol and acetone soln and is cleaned by ultrasonic 30min, carries out degreasing processing；
(2) cladding hard alloy layer: by MoS2, BN and LaF3Powder, which is added in hard alloy mixed-powder, configures mixing Powder, predominant quantity percentage are as follows: 80%WC, 8%TiC, 6%Co, 1%TaC, 2%MoS2, 1%BN, 2% LaF3, the sum of weight percent of each material is 100%；Prepared hard alloy mixed powder is fitted into powder feeder, is adjusted Whole powder feeder powder feeding rate is 20g/cm3；Use wavelength for 10.6 μm of CO2Laser is by hard alloy mixed powder cladding in knife Has rake face, laser melting coating is carried out using synchronous powder feeding system mode, and powder feeding gas and protection gas are all made of argon gas；Laser processing parameter is such as Under: laser power 400W, scanning speed 8mm/s, overlapping rate Φ are 40%；Its coating layer thickness is 150 μm；
(3) cladding Al2O3Base ceramic layer: by MoS2、BN、LaF3Powder is added to Al2O3It is configured in base ceramics mixed-powder Mixed powder, predominant quantity percentage are as follows: 60%Al2O3, 30%TiC, 4%MoS2, 2%BN, 3%LaF3, 0.5%Ni and 0.5%Mo, the sum of weight percent of each material are 100%；By prepared Al2O3Base ceramics mixed powder dress Enter in powder feeder, adjustment powder feeder powder feeding rate is 20g/cm3；Use wavelength for 10.6 μm of CO2Laser will be configured Al2O3Base ceramics mixed powder cladding is carried out in cutter rake face, laser melting coating using synchronous powder feeding system mode, powder feeding gas and protection Gas is all made of argon gas；Laser processing parameter is as follows: laser power 400W, scanning speed 8mm/s, and overlapping rate Φ is 40%；Its Coating layer thickness is 150 μm；
(4) alternating cladding hard alloy layer and Al2O3Base ceramic layer: step (2) and step (3) are repeated, alternately cladding hard Alloy-layer and Al2O3Base ceramic layer, gradient coating is with a thickness of 1500 μm；
(5) it post-processes: tool surface being modified after the completion of cladding.
Embodiment 2: the preparation method of gradient coating cutter uses the method for laser melting coating knife before cutter in this embodiment Wheat flour is standby, and difference from Example 1 is, weight percent, coating layer thickness and the laser of step (2), (3) material composition Machined parameters are different from embodiment 1, and gradient coating thickness is different from embodiment 1 in step (4).The specific preparation step of cutter is such as Under:
(1) pre-treatment: cutter being successively placed in alcohol and acetone soln and is cleaned by ultrasonic 30min, carries out degreasing processing；
(2) cladding hard alloy layer: by MoS2, BN and LaF3Powder, which is added in hard alloy mixed-powder, configures mixing Powder, predominant quantity percentage are as follows: 65%WC, 15%TiC, 10%Co, 2%TaC, 3%MoS2, 2%BN, 3% LaF3, the sum of weight percent of each material is 100%；Prepared hard alloy mixed powder is fitted into powder feeder, is adjusted Whole powder feeder powder feeding rate is 30g/cm3；Use wavelength for 10.6 μm of CO2Laser is by hard alloy mixed powder cladding in knife Has rake face, laser melting coating is carried out using synchronous powder feeding system mode, and powder feeding gas and protection gas are all made of argon gas；Laser processing parameter is such as Under: laser power 800W, scanning speed 30mm/s, overlapping rate Φ are 55%；Its coating layer thickness is 200 μm；
(3) cladding Al2O3Base ceramic layer: by MoS2, BN and LaF3Powder is added to Al2O3It is configured in base ceramics mixed-powder Mixed powder, predominant quantity percentage are as follows: 40%Al2O3, 45%TiC, 5%MoS2, 4%BN, 4%LaF3, 1% Ni and 1%Mo, the sum of weight percent of each material are 100%；By prepared Al2O3Base ceramics mixed powder is packed into powder feeding In device, adjustment powder feeder powder feeding rate is 30g/cm3；Use wavelength for 10.6 μm of CO2Laser is by configured Al2O3Base pottery The cladding of porcelain mixed powder is carried out in cutter rake face, laser melting coating using synchronous powder feeding system mode, and powder feeding gas is all made of with protection gas Argon gas；Laser processing parameter is as follows: laser power 800W, scanning speed 30mm/s, and overlapping rate Φ is 55%；Its coating layer thickness It is 200 μm；
(4) alternating cladding hard alloy layer and Al2O3Base ceramic layer: step (2) and step (3) are repeated, alternately cladding hard Alloy-layer and Al2O3Base ceramic layer, gradient coating is with a thickness of 2000 μm；
(5) it post-processes: tool surface being modified after the completion of cladding.

Claims (7)

1. a kind of gradient coating cutter, tool matrix material is high-speed steel, and tool matrix surface has laminated coating, and feature exists In: the tool matrix material surface coating is addition MoS2, BN and LaF3Hard alloy layer and Al2O3Base ceramic layer alternating Gradient multiple coating；In the hard alloy layer mixed powder, predominant quantity percentage are as follows: 65-80%WC, 6- 15%TiC, 5-10%Co, 1-2%TaC, 2-3%MoS2, 0.5-2%BN, 1-4%LaF3。
2. gradient coating cutter according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the Al2O3In base ceramic layer mixed powder, Predominant quantity percentage are as follows: 40-60%Al2O3, 30-45%TiC, 3-6%MoS2, 1-4%BN, 1-4%LaF3, 0.5-1%Ni and 0.5-1%Mo.
3. a kind of preparation method using gradient coating cutter as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: the painting of the cutter Layer is prepared using laser cladding method, specific preparation step are as follows:
(1) pre-treatment: cutter being successively placed in alcohol and acetone soln and is cleaned by ultrasonic 20-30min, carries out degreasing processing；
(2) cladding hard alloy layer: by MoS2, BN and LaF3Powder, which is added in cemented carbide powder, configures mixed powder, will match The hard alloy mixed powder made is fitted into powder feeder；Using laser by hard alloy mixed powder cladding knife before cutter Face；
(3) cladding Al2O3Base ceramic layer: by MoS2, BN and LaF3Powder is added to Al2O3Based ceramic powder configures mixed powder in end Material, by prepared Al2O3Base ceramics mixed powder is fitted into powder feeder；Using laser by Al2O3Base ceramics mixed powder cladding In cutter rake face；
(4) alternating cladding hard alloy layer and Al2O3Base ceramic layer: step (2) and step (3) are repeated, alternately cladding hard alloy Layer and Al2O3Base ceramic layer；
(5) it post-processes: tool surface being modified after the completion of cladding.
4. the preparation method of gradient coating cutter according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: in step (2) and (3), institute State cladding hard alloy layer and cladding Al2O3The range of coat thicknesses of base ceramic layer is 100-300 μm.
5. the preparation method of gradient coating cutter according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: in step (2) and (3), adopt Use CO2Laser synchronization automatic powder feeding system carries out cladding, and powder feeding gas and protection gas are all made of argon gas；Laser processing parameter is as follows: laser Power is 200-1000W, and scanning speed 5-40mm/s, overlapping rate Φ are 30-60%.
6. the preparation method of gradient coating cutter according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: in step (2) and (3), institute The powder feeding rate range for stating powder feeder is 10-50g/cm3。
7. the preparation method of gradient coating cutter according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: in step (4), the alternating Cladding hard alloy layer and Al2O3The gradient coating thickness range of base ceramic layer is 500-2000 μm.
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GB2621281A (en) * 2019-06-12 2024-02-07 C4 Carbides Ltd Carbide material for cutting devices and associated method of manufacture

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CN109023361B (en) * 2018-07-02 2021-05-11 东南大学 Gradient coating cutter and preparation method thereof
CN109721361B (en) * 2019-01-29 2021-09-07 齐鲁工业大学 Self-lubricating ceramic cutter material added with metal-coated nano solid lubricant composite powder and preparation method thereof
CN110004441A (en) * 2019-04-12 2019-07-12 水利部杭州机械设计研究所 A kind of Fe based alloy WC/TiC/TaC/Re composite powder formula, coating and its preparation process
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