CN108297454B - A kind of polymer matrix composites, preparation method and vacuum bag used - Google Patents
A kind of polymer matrix composites, preparation method and vacuum bag used Download PDFInfo
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- CN108297454B CN108297454B CN201710277246.7A CN201710277246A CN108297454B CN 108297454 B CN108297454 B CN 108297454B CN 201710277246 A CN201710277246 A CN 201710277246A CN 108297454 B CN108297454 B CN 108297454B
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
- B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
- B29C70/30—Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core
- B29C70/34—Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core and shaping or impregnating by compression, i.e. combined with compressing after the lay-up operation
- B29C70/342—Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core and shaping or impregnating by compression, i.e. combined with compressing after the lay-up operation using isostatic pressure
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
- B29C70/06—Fibrous reinforcements only
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
- B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
- B29C70/54—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations, e.g. feeding or storage of prepregs or SMC after impregnation or during ageing
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of polymer matrix composites, preparation method and vacuum bag used, propose the concept of " stratiform manufacture ", by big thickness product using low melting point plastic film in the multiple minute cells layers of thickness higher slice, using heating, pressurizeing after vacuum immersion, the internal flaw of product is reduced, shaping speed is improved, after low melting point plastic melting, it is mixed with thermosetting resin, forms the stratiform toughening layer on microcosmic, improve the interlaminal toughness of product.The concept of this " stratiform manufacture " will propose a new approaches for the manufacture of polymer matrix composites.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of preparation methods of polymer matrix composites, belong to composite material manufacturing field.
Background technique
The advantages that polymer matrix composites can be designed with mechanics, is corrosion-resistant, specific strength is high, specific modulus is high, be always space flight,
One of the material that the military fields such as aviation, weapons are keen to, and it is active in the core material of high-end weapon and high-end product field.
China also advocates energetically in fields such as space flight and aviation and uses polymer matrix composites, with targets such as realizations " loss of weight increases journey ", thus
Improve the task performance and fight capability of aircraft.The big major airplane component in such as China such as vertical fin, rudder use big ruler
Very little composite material, using the dosage of composite material as the important indicator of evaluation performance superiority and inferiority.
With the development of space flight and aviation, demand is proposed to large scale, big thickness composite product, while also in this side
More stringent requirements are proposed in face, i.e. low cost, quickly manufacture, parts quality height.But existing resin base prepares the work of composite material
Skill there is also some problems, such as liquid condition shaping technique etc., when preparing big thickness product, molding time and internal soundness exist
Contradiction, i.e., if internal soundness is preferable, material molding time is very long, substantially reduces production efficiency, can not be complete in a short time
At the quick preparation of material；, whereas if shortening forming time, i.e. molding period, then composite material sweeps along bubble, infiltration not
The internal flaws such as good obviously increase, and are unable to ensure the excellent of interiors of products quality.In addition, especially preparing the vacuum of large-scale product
Instillation process more directly faces the above problem.Therefore, how the short time, low cost under the conditions of complete polymer matrix composites
Quick manufacture, and under the premise of guaranteeing quickly manufacture, it is multiple at present for how ensuring that the internal soundness of product still maintains excellent
Condensation material manufacturing field urgent problem to be solved.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to be directed to the deficiencies in the prior art, a kind of preparation of polymer matrix composites is proposed
Method.
Technical solution of the invention is as follows:
On the one hand,
The present invention provides a kind of preparation method of polymer matrix composites, is realized by following steps:
Reinforcing material fiber cloth is divided into several thin layer elements, each thin layer element by step 1 as unit of certain number of plies
It is respectively placed in after sealing in vacuum inner bag, and in the pre-buried injected rubber hose in vacuum inner bag both ends and rubber hose；
Step 2 is placed the above-mentioned several thin layer elements handled well by ply stacking-sequence, is placed in vacuum Over-bag；
Step 3, temperature be lower than vacuum inner bag melting temperature and non-pressurized vacuum Over-bag under the conditions of, to each
Thin layer element vacuumized, injecting glue, until the infiltration of each unit finishes；
Step 4, when each unit infiltration after, vacuum Over-bag is vacuumized, injecting glue, and to each thin layer element
Heating is until temperature is more than the melting temperature of vacuum inner bag, and keeps the temperature a period of time；
Step 5, vacuum Over-bag stop injecting glue, heating, solidification and demoulding.
Further, the injecting glue refers to injection thermosetting resin adhesive；
Further, the vacuum inner bag material is thermoplastic resin, and its melting temperature t meets: the heat of injecting glue
- 20 DEG C of thermosetting resin gel point temperature≤t≤injecting glue thermosetting resin gel point temperature, can guarantee itself and thermosetting in this way
Property resin can dissolve each other in the molten state；
Preferably, the thickness of the vacuum inner bag is not more than 0.1mm.
Further, the melting temperature of the vacuum Over-bag is higher than temperature when solidifying in step 5.
Further, the scrim cloth in each thin layer element is preferably no more than 20 layers.
Further, the method for thin layer element sealing can material this field routine mode, such as hot melt gun seals.
Further, in the step 5, heating solidifies and demoulds the usual manner handled for this field prefabricated component.
On the other hand,
The present invention also provides a kind of polymer matrix composites, the composite material is using thermosetting resin as matrix, with fiber
Cloth is reinforcing material, and carries out toughening, the thermoplastic resin incorporation way to described matrix using thermoplastic resin are as follows: first will
Reinforcing material fiber cloth is divided into several thin layer elements as unit of certain number of plies, is respectively placed in heat after each thin layer element sealing
In vacuum inner bag made from plastic resin, wherein each unit is separately formed, and is placed in vacuum Over-bag by ply stacking-sequence
In, and under melting temperature of the temperature lower than vacuum inner bag, thermosetting resin adhesive, the thin layer are injected to each thin layer element
After unit presoaks, by heating by vacuum inner bag melting until thin layer element disappears, and is added using vacuum Over-bag
Pressure is so that the thermoplastic resin and thermosetting resin are mixed.
Further, the melting temperature t of the thermoplasticity resin meets: -20 DEG C≤t of thermosetting resin gel point temperature
≤ thermosetting resin gel point temperature.
Preferably, the thickness of the vacuum inner bag is not more than 0.1mm.
Further, the scrim cloth in each thin layer element is preferably no more than 20 layers.
Further, thermosetting resin adhesive is also perfused in the vacuum Over-bag.
Furthermore
The present invention also provides a kind of vacuum bags, and for the molding of polymer matrix composites, the vacuum bag includes vacuum bag
Outer bag and inner bag, the vacuum inner bag material be thermoplastic resin, inside thermosetting resin adhesive can be perfused, pass through selection institute
It states the melting temperature t of thermoplastic resin and carries out the thermoplastic resin and thermosetting resin adhesive by the heating of vacuum Over-bag
Mixing, wherein the melting temperature t of the thermoplasticity resin meets: -20 DEG C of thermosetting resin gel point temperature≤t≤thermosetting
Property resin gel glue point temperature.
Further, the thickness of the vacuum inner bag is not more than 0.1mm.
Further, the thermosetting resin adhesive also uses reinforcing material fiber cloth to be enhanced, and the fiber cloth is with one
Given layer number is that unit is divided into several thin layer elements, is respectively placed in the vacuum inner bag after each thin layer element sealing,
In, each unit is separately formed, and is placed in vacuum Over-bag by ply stacking-sequence；
It further, will be in temperature lower than vacuum inner bag when perfusion thermosetting resin adhesive inside the vacuum inner bag
It is carried out under melting temperature；
Further, thermosetting resin adhesive is also perfused in the vacuum Over-bag；
Further, the process that the thermoplastic resin and thermosetting resin are mixed are as follows: above-mentioned thin layer element preimpregnation
After, by heating by vacuum inner bag melting until thin layer element disappears, and uses vacuum Over-bag to pressurize so that institute
It states thermoplastic resin and thermosetting resin is mixed.
Design principle of the invention is:
The fusion theory of the thought of microcosmic manufacture, the means of Layered manufacturing and microcosmic resin is combined together by the present invention,
It proposes a kind of quick, low cost manufacturing manufacturing method, is melted at high temperature according to thermoplastic resin and thermosetting resin, is mixed
It closes, eventually forms the characteristic of " island " structure, specifically: using " microcosmic manufacture, quickly infiltration on thickness, after by thin layers "
Design philosophy, high thickness product is separated into each junior unit, is gradually manufactured, can achieve microcosmic manufacture from macroscopically seeing；
Then each unit is combined together again by heating method, realizes the superposition of thin layer element, that is, propose to be different from existing skill
Last melting is also isolated layer by layer and is disappeared by two bags of methods of art, inner bag for prefabricated component while pressurization, and one as resin matrix
Point, and the thickness of thin layer element is the quantity by laying, can be measured in advance；After thin layer element infiltrates, fiber is
All it is impregnated with；It after temperature raising, plastic melt, is mutually mixed with thermosetting resin, the nonwettable problem of fiber is not present,
Plastic molten melt is mutually mixed with thermosetting resin simultaneously, can be dissolved each other on microcosmic, be achieved the effect that microcosmic toughening.
The present invention compared with the existing technology the utility model has the advantages that
Method of the invention improves the interlayer toughened of same with thermosetting compound material, complicated structure type can be separated into
Simple thin layer element realizes the quick manufacture and low cost manufacturing of big thickness, large scale product；The invention simultaneously is also micro-
The one kind for seeing manufacture, is divided into several thin layer elements for big thickness, ensure that the effect of impregnation of fiber under microstate, effectively
Discharge interfascicular and beam in air, reduce voidage content, improve interiors of products quality and bearing capacity, while separating fritter
Afterwards, wetting velocity increases, and shaping speed is obviously shortened, and also can guarantee internal infiltration quality.The invention effectively introduces heat
Plastic resin has carried out toughening modifying to reinforcedathermoset matrices, improves the shock resistance lesion capability of product, extends the use of product
The time limit.The invention will provide a new way for the manufacture of large-sized composite material product.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is a kind of embodiment process flow chart of the preparation method of polymer matrix composites provided by the invention；
Fig. 2 is each thin layer element design diagram in the preparation method of polymer matrix composites provided by the invention.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with attached drawing and specific example, the present invention is described in detail.
Referring to Fig. 1, a kind of embodiment process flow chart of the preparation method of polymer matrix composites provided by the invention, tool
Body are as follows:
Embodiment 1
The preparation of epoxy base carbon fiber composite material product
The product requires thickness in 80mm, the use of dry carbon cloth is reinforcing material, and 240 DEG C of cured epoxy resin are base
Body.Carbon cloth needs 300 layers of laying；
The selection of vacuum bag, the solidification temperature of reference resin select melting temperature in 190 DEG C, the grafting of thickness 0.05mm
Modified polypropylene film is inner bag, selects Kapton resistant to high temperature for outer bag；
Laying is isolated, design diagram referring to fig. 2 prepares 30 units with 10 layers of carbon cloth for a thin layer element altogether；
Each unit is sealed with hot melt gun, and distinguishes a pre-buried injected rubber hose and vacuum tube at both ends；Finally by all thin layer lists
Member is placed by ply stacking-sequence, is sealed with outer bag, equally to be distinguished pre-buried injected rubber hose and vacuum tube at both ends；
Resin temperature and thin layer element are risen to 120 DEG C by unit priming by vacuum, start to vacuumize, encapsulating, until entire single
Member infiltration finishes；
Heating, vacuumizes outer bag, injecting glue, while heating up to elementary layer group, until 210 DEG C of heat preservation 10min；
Entire prefabricated component is warming up to 240 DEG C, keeps the temperature 1.5h by elevated cure, demoulding；It is down to room temperature to temperature, is demoulded.
Preparation method provided in this embodiment, infiltrating time are down to original half, shorten entire molding time；
Interiors of products quality is improved, and probability of occurrence the defects of internal dry spot, stomata is down to original one third, improves production
The quality of product also eliminates the repairing time of product.
Embodiment 2
The preparation of polyimide resin base carbon fiber composite material product
The product requires thickness in 50mm, the use of dry carbon cloth is reinforcing material, and 260 DEG C of cured polyimide resins are
Matrix.Carbon cloth needs 200 layers of laying.
The selection of vacuum bag, the solidification temperature of reference resin select melting temperature in 110 DEG C, the grafting of thickness 0.05mm
Modified polypropylene film is inner bag, selects Kapton resistant to high temperature for outer bag；
Laying is isolated, design diagram referring to fig. 2 prepares 20 units with 10 layers of carbon cloth for a thin layer element altogether；
Each unit is sealed with hot melt gun, and distinguishes a pre-buried injected rubber hose and vacuum tube at both ends；Finally by all thin layer lists
Member is placed by ply stacking-sequence, is sealed with outer bag, equally to be distinguished pre-buried injected rubber hose and vacuum tube at both ends；
Resin temperature and thin layer element are risen to 180 DEG C (polyimide resin viscosity is lower at this time) by unit priming by vacuum,
Start to vacuumize, encapsulating, until the infiltration of entire unit finishes；
Heating, vacuumizes outer bag, injecting glue, while heating up to elementary layer group, until 240 DEG C of heat preservation 10min；
Entire prefabricated component is warming up to 260 DEG C, keeps the temperature 1h by elevated cure, demoulding；It is down to room temperature to temperature, is demoulded.
The defects of product manufactured in the present embodiment, internal dry spot, stomata is the half of traditional handicraft, effectively will be interior
Portion's small molecule and air discharge, improve the quality of product.A new way is provided for the moulding process of high performance resin.
Unspecified part of the present invention is known to the skilled person technology.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of preparation method of polymer matrix composites, which is characterized in that realized by following steps:
Reinforcing material fiber cloth is divided into several thin layer elements, each thin layer element sealing by step 1 as unit of certain number of plies
After be respectively placed in vacuum inner bag, and in the pre-buried injected rubber hose in vacuum inner bag both ends and rubber hose；
Step 2 is placed the above-mentioned several thin layer elements handled well by ply stacking-sequence, is placed in vacuum Over-bag；
Step 3, temperature be lower than vacuum inner bag melting temperature and non-pressurized vacuum Over-bag under the conditions of, to each thin layer
Unit vacuumized, injecting glue, until the infiltration of each unit finishes, wherein the glue injected is thermosetting resin adhesive；
Step 4, when each unit infiltration after, vacuum Over-bag is vacuumized, injecting glue, and to each thin layer element heat up
Until temperature is more than the melting temperature of vacuum inner bag, and keep the temperature a period of time；
Step 5, vacuum Over-bag stop injecting glue, heating, solidification and demoulding；
In the method, the vacuum inner bag material is thermoplastic resin, and its melting temperature t meets: the thermosetting of injecting glue
Property resin gel glue point temperature -20 DEG C≤t≤injecting glue thermosetting resin gel point temperature；
The melting temperature of the vacuum Over-bag is higher than the temperature when solidification in step 5.
2. a kind of preparation method of polymer matrix composites according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in the vacuum bag
The thickness of bag is not more than 0.1mm.
3. a kind of preparation method of polymer matrix composites according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that: described each
Scrim cloth in thin layer element is preferably no more than 20 layers.
4. a kind of polymer matrix composites, it is characterised in that: the composite material is using thermosetting resin as matrix, with fiber cloth
Reinforcing material, and toughening, the thermoplastic resin incorporation way are carried out to described matrix using thermoplastic resin are as follows: it first will enhancing
Material fiber cloth is divided into several thin layer elements as unit of certain number of plies, is respectively placed in thermoplasticity after each thin layer element sealing
In vacuum inner bag made from resin, wherein each unit is separately formed, and is placed in vacuum Over-bag by ply stacking-sequence, and
Under melting temperature of the temperature lower than vacuum inner bag, thermosetting resin adhesive, the thin layer element are injected to each thin layer element
After preimpregnation, by heating by vacuum inner bag melting up to thin layer element disappearance, and made using the pressurization of vacuum Over-bag
It obtains the thermoplastic resin and thermosetting resin is mixed；The melting temperature t of the thermoplasticity resin meets: thermosetting property tree
- 20 DEG C of rouge gel point temperature≤t≤thermosetting resin gel point temperature.
5. a kind of vacuum bag, for the molding of polymer matrix composites, the vacuum bag includes vacuum Over-bag and inner bag, spy
Sign is: the vacuum inner bag material is thermoplastic resin, inside thermosetting resin adhesive can be perfused, pass through the selection heat
The melting temperature t of plastic resin and by vacuum Over-bag heating mix the thermoplastic resin and thermosetting resin adhesive
It closes, wherein the melting temperature t of the thermoplasticity resin meets: -20 DEG C of thermosetting resin gel point temperature≤t≤thermosetting property
Resin gel glue point temperature；It is molten lower than vacuum inner bag in temperature when perfusion thermosetting resin adhesive inside the vacuum inner bag
It is carried out at a temperature of melting.
6. a kind of vacuum bag according to claim 5, it is characterised in that: the thermosetting resin adhesive also uses reinforcing material
Fiber cloth is enhanced, and the fiber cloth is divided into several thin layer elements, each thin layer element sealing as unit of certain number of plies
After be respectively placed in the vacuum inner bag, wherein each unit is separately formed, and is placed in vacuum Over-bag by ply stacking-sequence
In.
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| CN113021940A (en) * | 2021-02-26 | 2021-06-25 | 上海晋飞碳纤科技股份有限公司 | Hand-pasted die pressing vacuum auxiliary forming die and forming process |
| CN113173285B (en) * | 2021-05-24 | 2023-04-28 | 上海超硅半导体股份有限公司 | Packaging method of silicon wafer |
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| WO2006049651A2 (en) * | 2004-05-28 | 2006-05-11 | Addison Closson Adhesive Textiles, Inc. | Method of forming adhesives mixtures and ballistic composites utilizing the same |
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