CN108296575B - Large-pitch external thread machining device - Google Patents
Large-pitch external thread machining device Download PDFInfo
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- CN108296575B CN108296575B CN201810265914.9A CN201810265914A CN108296575B CN 108296575 B CN108296575 B CN 108296575B CN 201810265914 A CN201810265914 A CN 201810265914A CN 108296575 B CN108296575 B CN 108296575B
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- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 67
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000007514 turning Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000004323 axial length Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006748 scratching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002393 scratching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23G—THREAD CUTTING; WORKING OF SCREWS, BOLT HEADS, OR NUTS, IN CONJUNCTION THEREWITH
- B23G1/00—Thread cutting; Automatic machines specially designed therefor
- B23G1/02—Thread cutting; Automatic machines specially designed therefor on an external or internal cylindrical or conical surface, e.g. on recesses
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23G—THREAD CUTTING; WORKING OF SCREWS, BOLT HEADS, OR NUTS, IN CONJUNCTION THEREWITH
- B23G1/00—Thread cutting; Automatic machines specially designed therefor
- B23G1/32—Thread cutting; Automatic machines specially designed therefor by milling
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23G—THREAD CUTTING; WORKING OF SCREWS, BOLT HEADS, OR NUTS, IN CONJUNCTION THEREWITH
- B23G1/00—Thread cutting; Automatic machines specially designed therefor
- B23G1/44—Equipment or accessories specially designed for machines or devices for thread cutting
- B23G1/48—Equipment or accessories specially designed for machines or devices for thread cutting for guiding the threading tools
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23G—THREAD CUTTING; WORKING OF SCREWS, BOLT HEADS, OR NUTS, IN CONJUNCTION THEREWITH
- B23G11/00—Feeding or discharging mechanisms combined with, or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, thread-cutting machines
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Turning (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a large-pitch external thread machining device, which is characterized in that a workpiece is static and a cutter rotates during working, so that the overlong rotating bending of the workpiece is avoided, the device is suitable for machining large-pitch external threads on a long screw rod, and is not limited by the size of the machined workpiece; the machining of the large-pitch external thread of the workpiece is finished at one time by utilizing the rotation and revolution of the mandrel, so that the machining efficiency, the surface quality and the matching precision are improved; the device is suitable for machining different threads, has wide application range, can finish machining and retracting workpieces with different diameters by adjusting the radial distance of the rotation main shaft through the adjusting part, and the inclination angle adjusting frame is used for adjusting the spiral angle so as to meet the machining requirements of various types of threads.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of machining of high-pitch external threads, in particular to a high-pitch external thread machining device.
Background
The external thread with the thread pitch larger than 4mm is defined as a large-pitch external thread, the thread type groove of the large-pitch external thread is wide and deep, the thread pitch and the axial length are large, the external thread belongs to non-standard threads, the machining allowance is large, and the thread pitch and the tooth form precision and the thread surface quality requirements are high.
The existing machining method of the large-pitch external thread mainly comprises milling, grinding and turning.
When milling the high-pitch external thread, intermittent cutting can intensify vibration in screw machining, is limited by the service life of a cutter, is unsuitable for machining the thread with long axial length, and is only suitable for machining the short thread.
When the grinding method is used for machining the large-pitch external thread, high thread precision and surface quality can be obtained, but the blank of the large-pitch external thread needs to reach a certain precision level by adopting other process methods, and the method has higher requirements on process equipment when machining external thread parts with larger diameters and axial dimensions.
The machining of the large-pitch threads is generally carried out by adopting a forming cutter for forming the threads by turning, whether a common machine tool or a numerical control machine tool is used. The precision, tooth shape and tooth surface roughness of the thread are directly related to the quality of the thread forming turning tool. According to the size and precision requirements of the screw pitch, one, two or three cutters are adopted to carry out the process in two steps of coarse and fine. When in rough turning, the cutter point is narrower; when the tool is used for polishing, the width of the tool tip is equal to the width of the thread groove, and a straight-forward method, micro-feed and low-speed turning are adopted, or an oblique-feed method is adopted, so that a workpiece is cut by a single-side blade. Because the contact area of the cutter and the workpiece is large during processing of the forming cutter, the cutter is easy to vibrate, the cutter is easy to damage and wear, and the cutter is required to be frequently sharpened and replaced, so that the requirements on the tooth form precision and the tooth surface roughness of the thread are required to be ensured, and the difficulty is great. The thread turning method is mainly used for small and medium-sized thread machining, the requirements of large allowance removal and high-precision machining of large-pitch external threads cannot be met, the problems of principle errors and tool receiving marks of thread surface machining, too fast cutter abrasion caused by too large cutting load, thread messy buckles caused by accumulated tool starting point errors, reduction of machining efficiency caused by too many layering cutting times and the like exist in the large-pitch external thread turning.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems of providing a large-pitch external thread processing device which has the advantages that a workpiece is static, a cutter rotates, the overlong rotation bending of the workpiece is avoided, the machining of large-pitch external threads of the workpiece is finished at one time by utilizing the rotation and revolution of a mandrel, and the machining efficiency, the surface quality and the matching precision can be improved.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a large-pitch external thread machining device comprises a workbench, a workpiece fixing mechanism, a cutting mechanism, a feeding mechanism and a rotating mechanism; the workpiece fixing mechanism is arranged at one axial end of the workbench; the workbench is provided with a support frame for erecting the cutting mechanism, and the support frame can axially reciprocate along the workbench by virtue of the feeding mechanism; the method is characterized in that: the support frame is of a U-shaped structure and is provided with a bottom plate in sliding connection with the upper end face of the workbench and support plates vertically arranged at two ends of the bottom plate, and a circular through hole coaxial with the workpiece fixing mechanism is formed in the support plates; the cutting mechanism comprises a threading tool, a cutter head and a rotary mandrel, wherein the threading tool comprises a plurality of threads uniformly distributed at the front end of the cutter head in the circumferential direction, the front end of the rotary mandrel is coaxially fixed with the rear end of the cutter head, and the cutter head and the rotary mandrel are of sleeve structures which can enable a processed workpiece to extend into the cutter head and the rotary mandrel; the rotating mechanism comprises a self-rotation assembly for driving the cutting mechanism to rotate and a revolution assembly for driving the cutting mechanism to rotate along the processed workpiece; the revolution assembly comprises a rotating frame, a fixed frame, an adjusting part and a driving part; the rotary frame is in a hollow cavity structure, the bottom of the rotary frame is provided with a carrier plate which is horizontally arranged, two ends of the rotary frame are respectively provided with a sleeve structure which stretches into a circular through hole of the support frame, a first rotary bearing which enables the rotary frame to rotate on the support frame is arranged between the sleeve structures and the circular through holes, the front end of the cutting mechanism stretches out of the rotary frame, the rear end of the cutting mechanism is positioned in the rotary frame, the inner diameter of the sleeve structure on the rotary frame is larger than the outer diameter of the rotary mandrel, and the rear end of the rotary frame stretches out of a support plate of the support frame; the fixed frame is arranged in the rotary frame, is of a circular sleeve structure, is sleeved on the rotary mandrel, a second rotary bearing which enables the rotary mandrel to rotate in the fixed frame is arranged between the fixed frame and the rotary mandrel, and the autorotation assembly is fixed on the fixed frame; the adjusting part is used for connecting the rotating frame with the fixing frame, the lower end of the adjusting part slides along the width direction of the rotating frame, the upper end of the adjusting part is hinged with the fixing frame, and the fixing frame can incline up and down along the hinged part and is locked; and the driving part is connected with the rear end of the rotating frame extending out of the supporting frame and is used for driving the rotating frame to rotate.
The further technical proposal is that: the adjusting part comprises a radial adjusting rail and an inclination angle adjusting seat; the radial adjusting rail is fixed on the width direction of the rotating frame; the inclination angle adjusting seat can slide along the radial adjusting rail, a sliding groove matched with the radial adjusting rail is formed in the bottom of the inclination angle adjusting seat, two connecting plates axially arranged along the workbench are arranged on the upper portion of the inclination angle adjusting seat, a U-shaped clamping groove is formed between the two connecting plates, the bottom of the fixing frame is arranged in the U-shaped clamping groove, round holes hinged to the fixing frame and adjusting holes locked with the fixing frame through bolt and nut assemblies are respectively formed in the two axial ends of the connecting plates, and the adjusting holes are formed in the upper and lower directions.
The further technical proposal is that: the radial adjusting rail is of an I-shaped structure and comprises two parallel arranged rails, and the upper surface of the radial adjusting rail is provided with a protrusion for positioning the inclination adjusting seat back and forth.
The further technical proposal is that: the self-rotation assembly comprises a sprocket wheel arranged at the rear end of the rotary mandrel and a first driving motor arranged on the fixing frame, and the output end of the first driving motor is connected with the sprocket wheel through chain transmission.
The further technical proposal is that: the support is arranged in the workbench along the axial direction of the workbench; the feeding mechanism comprises a screw shaft, a feeding slide block matched with the screw shaft and a second driving motor for driving the screw shaft to rotate, two ends of the screw shaft are in running fit with the support, the screw pitch of the screw shaft is identical with that of a processed workpiece, and the feeding slide block is fixed on the lower end face of the support frame bottom plate.
The further technical proposal is that: a driving part including a first operating handle, a first gear, and a spline shaft and a rotation shaft both arranged along the axial direction of the table; the first gear is sleeved at the rear end of the rotating frame extending out of the supporting frame; the spline shaft is coaxially arranged with the rotating shaft, one end of the spline shaft is in running fit with the support, the other end of the spline shaft is connected with the rotating shaft through a clutch, a spline gear is arranged on the spline shaft, and the spline gear is meshed with the first gear through a transition gear; the other end of the rotating shaft is in running fit with the support and extends out of the support, a driving wheel is arranged on the outer side of the rotating shaft positioned on the support, and the driving wheel is in transmission connection with the output end of the third driving motor through a belt; and the first operating handle is connected with the clutch and used for controlling the connection or separation of the spline shaft and the rotating shaft.
The further technical proposal is that: the third driving motor and the second driving motor are the same driving motor; a rotating shaft, which is positioned at the inner side of the support and is provided with a second gear; the transmission shaft is arranged in parallel with the spline shaft and the screw shaft; the two ends of the transmission shaft are in running fit with the support, one end of the transmission shaft is provided with a third gear meshed with the second gear, and the other end of the transmission shaft is provided with a fourth gear; and the screw shaft is provided with a fifth gear meshed with the fourth gear.
The further technical proposal is that: the support also comprises a support plate vertically arranged in the middle of the support, the screw shaft and the spline shaft are arranged in front and back, and opposite ends of the screw shaft and the spline shaft are in running fit with the support plate.
The further technical proposal is that: the fifth gear comprises a fifth gear A and a fifth gear B which are arranged at intervals and have different tooth numbers, one end of the transmission shaft, which is connected with the fourth gear, is of a spline structure, the fourth gear comprises a fourth gear A and a fourth gear B which are arranged in a connecting mode, the fourth gear A and the fourth gear B can be meshed with the fifth gear A and the fifth gear B respectively, and a second operating handle which is used for driving the fourth gear to axially move along the spline structure is arranged on the fourth gear.
The further technical proposal is that: the rear of workstation is equipped with fixed support, be equipped with on the fixed support with the coaxial centering shaft that sets up of rotatory dabber, the other end of centering shaft stretches into in the swivel mount.
The beneficial effects of adopting above-mentioned technical scheme to produce lie in:
(1) The workpiece is static, the cutter rotates, the overlong rotation bending of the workpiece is avoided, the workpiece is suitable for machining the large-pitch external threads of the long screw rod, and the workpiece is not limited by the size of the machined workpiece;
(2) The rotation and revolution of the mandrel are utilized to finish the machining of the large-pitch external thread of the workpiece at one time, so that the machining efficiency, the surface quality and the matching precision are improved;
(3) The device is suitable for machining different threads, has wide application range, can finish machining and retracting workpieces with different diameters by adjusting the radial distance of the rotation main shaft through the adjusting part, and is used for adjusting the helix angle by the inclination angle adjusting frame so as to meet the machining requirements of various types of threads.
Drawings
The invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and the detailed description.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a transmission part of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and fully with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is evident that the embodiments described are some, but not all embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the present invention based on only the embodiments of the present invention.
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, but the present invention may be practiced in other ways other than those described herein, and persons skilled in the art will readily appreciate that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the device for machining the high-pitch external thread comprises a workbench 1, a workpiece fixing mechanism 2, a cutting mechanism, a feeding mechanism and a rotating mechanism, and is suitable for machining the high-pitch thread of the long rod like a bridge stay cable anchor.
The workpiece fixing mechanism 2 is arranged at one axial end of the workbench 1, can adopt a fixing mechanism form on a numerical control machine tool, and is controlled automatically by utilizing a PLC (programmable logic controller) and clamped in a hydraulic self-centering way.
The table 1 plays a role of supporting each mechanism. The worktable 1 is provided with a supporting frame 11 for erecting a cutting mechanism, and the supporting frame 11 can axially reciprocate along the worktable 1 by means of a feeding mechanism, namely, move towards or away from a processed workpiece 100 to finish milling feeding and tool withdrawal.
The support frame 11 is "U" shape structure, has the bottom plate that connects the complex with the up end slip of workstation 1, specifically, is equipped with the guide rail along its axial in the both sides of workstation 1 upper end, the bottom plate of support frame 11 is "n" shape structure, has decurrent turn-ups, be equipped with on the turn-ups with guide rail matched with guide block for support frame 11 can follow workstation 1 axial motion. The supporting frame 11 is also provided with supporting plates vertically arranged at two ends of the bottom plate, and round through holes coaxial with the workpiece fixing mechanism 2 are formed in the supporting plates.
The cutting mechanism comprises a threading tool 31, a cutter head 32 and a rotary mandrel 33, wherein the threading tool 31 comprises a plurality of sleeve structures which are circumferentially and uniformly distributed at the front end of the cutter head 32, the cutter head 32 is of a sleeve structure which can enable a machined workpiece 100 to extend into the cutter head 32, the front end of the rotary mandrel 33 is coaxially fixed with the rear end of the cutter head 32, the cutter head 32 and the rotary mandrel 33 are of sleeve structures which can enable the machined workpiece 100 to extend into the cutter head 32, the cutter head 32 can be sleeved with the workpiece in the feeding process to complete axial thread machining of the machined workpiece 100, and when the axial length of the machined workpiece 100 is longer, the machined workpiece 100 can also extend into the rotary mandrel 33, so that machining of long workpieces can be achieved.
A rotation mechanism including a rotation assembly that drives the cutting mechanism to rotate itself, and a revolution assembly that drives the cutting mechanism to rotate along the work piece 100; the revolution (low speed) of the rotary mandrel 33 achieves the rotation of the tool around the workpiece according to the adjusted center, and the machining of different parameters of the threads is completed. The rotating mandrel 33 rotates (high speed) to finish the milling task of the cutter, thereby achieving the purpose of milling the threads at one time without rotating the workpiece 100.
The revolution assembly includes a rotation frame 41, a fixing frame 42, an adjusting part, and a driving part.
The swivel mount 41 is the cavity structure of fretwork, and its bottom has the support plate that the level set up, and the both ends of swivel mount 41 all have the sleeve structure that stretches into in the circular via hole of support frame 11, be equipped with between sleeve structure and the circular via hole and make swivel mount 41 can be on support frame 11 rotatory first swivel bearing 411, outside swivel mount 41 is stretched out to cutting mechanism's front end, the rear end is located swivel mount 41, the internal diameter of sleeve structure is greater than the external diameter of rotatory dabber 33 on the swivel mount 41, outside the mounting panel of support frame 11 is stretched out to the rear end of swivel mount 41.
The fixing frame 42 is provided in the rotating frame 41, is in a circular sleeve structure, and is sleeved on the rotating mandrel 33, a second rotating bearing 421 which enables the rotating mandrel 33 to rotate in the fixing frame 42 is provided between the fixing frame 42 and the rotating mandrel 33, and the rotating assembly is fixed on the fixing frame 42.
The adjusting part connects the rotating frame 41 with the fixing frame 42, the lower end of the adjusting part is in sliding contact with the carrier plate of the rotating frame 41, the adjusting part can slide along the width direction of the workbench 1, the upper end of the adjusting part is hinged with the fixing frame 42, and the fixing frame 42 can be tilted up and down along the hinged part and locked.
And a driving part connected to the rear end of the rotating frame 41 extending out of the supporting frame 11 for driving the rotating frame 41 to rotate.
When the rotary mechanism works, firstly, the radial eccentric distance and the inclination angle of the cutting mechanism are adjusted by the adjusting part. Then the rotation assembly drives the rotating mandrel 33 to rotate at a high speed so as to ensure the smoothness of the surface of the workpiece, the driving part of the revolution assembly drives the rotating frame 41 to rotate in the circular through hole of the supporting frame 11, and the rotating frame 41 is connected with the fixed frame 42 through the adjusting part, so that the fixed frame 42 also rotates along with the rotating frame 41, and the fixed frame 42 and the rotating frame 41 are not concentrically arranged, and the fixed frame 42 eccentrically rotates, so that the rotating mandrel 33 rotates along with the fixed frame 42, and the eccentric rotation of the rotating mandrel 33 is realized. And the rotation assembly is fixed to the fixed frame 42, the revolution and rotation of the rotation mechanism do not affect each other.
The process of the device for processing the external screw thread with large pitch on the processing workpiece 100 is as follows:
firstly, clamping a workpiece to be processed on a workpiece fixing mechanism 2;
step two, according to the diameter of the workpiece to be processed and thread parameters, adjusting the radial eccentric distance of the cutting mechanism by an adjusting part, adjusting the cutting amount of the feed according to a dial (the cutting amount is equal to that of a carriage in an ordinary lathe), and locking in time, so that the tool is not stroked during rotary cutting, and the purpose of meeting the precision processing requirement of the thread is achieved;
thirdly, adjusting the inclination angle of the cutting mechanism through the adjusting part to meet the parameter requirement of the thread angle of the workpiece to be processed, wherein the larger the inclination angle is, the larger the thread angle is;
a fourth step of simultaneously starting a feeding mechanism, a rotation assembly and a revolution assembly, so that the rotation assembly drives the rotary mandrel 33 to rotate at a high speed while the cutting mechanism feeds the machined workpiece 100, and the revolution assembly drives the rotary mandrel 33 to revolve along the machined workpiece 100;
fifthly, after the threads are machined in place, closing the feeding mechanism, the rotation assembly and the revolution assembly, adjusting the radial position of the cutting mechanism through the adjusting part, radially withdrawing the cutter disc from the workpiece, locking, reserving a tool withdrawal space, enabling the cutting mechanism to be coaxial with the machined workpiece 100 as much as possible, and avoiding the cutting edge from scratching the workpiece during tool withdrawal;
and sixthly, starting the feeding mechanism to withdraw the cutter at a high speed, and finishing the machining of the large-pitch external threads of the workpiece.
This big pitch external screw thread processingequipment adopts the work piece stationary, and the rotatory processing mode of cutter has avoided work piece overlength rotatory crooked, is applicable to carrying out big pitch external screw thread processing to the long screw rod, and in the work piece can stretch into cutting mechanism for the device is not restricted by the processing work piece size. And the machining of the large-pitch external thread of the workpiece is finished at one time by utilizing the rotation and revolution of the rotary mandrel 33, so that the machining efficiency, the surface quality and the matching precision are improved. The device is suitable for machining different threads, has wide application range, can adjust the radial distance of the rotation main shaft through the adjusting part to finish machining and tool withdrawal of workpieces with different diameters, and the inclination angle adjusting frame is used for adjusting the helix angle so as to meet the machining requirements of various types of threads.
The radial position and the inclination angle of the cutting mechanism are adjusted by the adjusting part, so that the device can process workpieces with different diameters and different thread parameters. Specifically, the adjustment portion includes a radial adjustment rail 43 and an inclination adjustment seat 44.
A radial adjustment rail 43 fixed to the carrier plate of the rotating frame 41 and provided along the width direction of the table 1; the inclination angle adjusting seat 44 can slide along the radial adjusting rail 43, and the bottom of the inclination angle adjusting seat is provided with a sliding groove matched with the radial adjusting rail 43 so as to adjust the radial position of the cutting mechanism. The upper portion of inclination adjustment seat 44 has two connecting plates that set up along workstation 1 axial, forms the U-shaped double-layered inslot between two connecting plates, the U-shaped double-layered inslot is located to the bottom of mount 42, connecting plate axial both ends are equipped with respectively with mount 42 articulated round hole and the regulation hole that has passed through bolt and nut subassembly locking with the mount 42, the regulation hole is offered along the upper and lower direction, loosens the bolt and nut subassembly, can adjust cutting mechanism's inclination. And, radial regulation rail 43 is "worker" font structure, including parallel arrangement's twice, make inclination adjustment seat 44 and swivel mount 41 be connected more firm to "worker" font structure adapts to 360 rotatory work of adjustment part more, and radial regulation rail 43's upper surface has the arch to inclination adjustment seat 44 front and back location, can process a plurality of screw at radial regulation rail 43's upper surface, then the mounting bolt fixes a position, in order to prevent that inclination adjustment seat 44 radial movement from influencing machining precision.
The structure form of the autorotation assembly is simple and common, and chain transmission can be adopted. The specific autorotation assembly comprises a chain wheel 51 arranged at the rear end of the rotary mandrel 33 and a first driving motor 52 arranged on the fixed frame 42, wherein the output end of the first driving motor 52 is connected with the chain wheel 51 through chain transmission. The first driving motor 52 starts to rotate and transmits the rotation to the rotating mandrel 33 through a chain, the rotating mandrel 33 is driven to rotate, the rotating mandrel 33 can rotate at a high speed by controlling the rotating speed of the first driving motor 52, and the smoothness of the surface of a workpiece is ensured.
In the case of the structure of the feeding mechanism and the driving part, as shown in fig. 2, gear transmission is adopted. The device also comprises a U-shaped support 6, wherein the support 6 is axially arranged inside the workbench 1 to prevent the gear transmission part from being exposed.
The feeding mechanism comprises a screw shaft 71, a feeding sliding block 72 matched with the screw shaft 71 and a second driving motor 73 for driving the screw shaft 71 to rotate, two ends of the screw shaft 71 are in running fit with the support 6, the screw pitch of the screw shaft 71 is identical with that of the processed workpiece 100, the screw shaft 71 rotates for a circle to drive the sliding block 72 to advance by a screw pitch distance, and the feeding sliding block 72 is fixed on the lower end face of the bottom plate of the support frame 11, so that the screw shaft 71 is rotated to drive the support frame 11, namely the whole device, to axially move.
The driving section includes a first operation handle 81, a first gear 82, and a spline shaft 83 and a rotation shaft 84 each arranged along the axial direction of the table 1. The first gear 82 is sleeved at the rear end of the rotary frame 41 extending out of the supporting frame 11; a spline shaft 83 coaxially arranged with the rotation shaft 84, wherein one end of the spline shaft 83 is in running fit with the support 6, the other end of the spline shaft 83 is connected with the rotation shaft 84 through a clutch, a spline gear 831 is arranged on the spline shaft 83, and the spline gear 831 is meshed with the first gear 82 through a transition gear 821; the other end of the rotating shaft 84 is in running fit with the support 6 and extends out of the support 6, a driving wheel 842 is arranged on the outer side of the support 6 of the rotating shaft 84, and the driving wheel 842 is in transmission connection with the output end of the third driving motor through a belt; a first operation handle 81 connected to the clutch for controlling connection or disconnection of the spline shaft 83 and the rotation shaft 84.
When the screw thread machining is fed, the driving part provides power for the revolution of the device, at the moment, the spline shaft 83 and the rotating shaft 84 are in a connection state through the clutch, the second driving motor 73 transmits power to the rotating shaft 84, the rotating shaft 84 transmits force to the spline shaft 83 on one hand so that the spline gear 831 rotates, and accordingly the first gear 82 drives the rotating frame 41 to rotate, in the process, the feeding mechanism drives the supporting frame 11 to axially feed, the spline gear 831 is always meshed with the first gear 82 through the transition gear 821, and then the spline gear 831 moves axially on the spline shaft 83 along with the first gear 82 in the feeding process.
When the feeding is completed, the first operation handle 81 controls the clutch to disconnect the spline shaft 83 from the rotation shaft 84, and then the five power transmission of the spline shaft 83 stops rotating, i.e., the rotation spindle 33 revolves and closes, and at the time of retracting, the spline gear 831 is returned with the first gear 82, and the spline gear 831 is always kept in an engaged state with the first gear 82.
In order to save energy, the drive section and the feeding mechanism share a second drive motor 73 for driving. Wherein the work bench 1 is provided with a power distribution cabinet 10 for distributing power to the second driving motor 73 and the first driving motor 52.
The third drive motor is thus the same drive motor as the second drive motor 73; a rotation shaft 84 provided with a second gear 841 inside the holder 6; further includes a drive shaft 85 disposed in parallel with both the spline shaft 83 and the screw shaft 71; a transmission shaft 85, two ends of which are in running fit with the support 6, wherein one end of the transmission shaft 85 is provided with a third gear 851 meshed with the second gear 841, and the other end is provided with a fourth gear 852; screw shaft 71 has fifth gear 711 engaged with fourth gear 852.
In this configuration, the rotary shaft 84 acts to transmit force between the feed mechanism and the drive section. The rotation shaft 84 is connected to the second driving motor 73 and is a driving shaft, and the rotation shaft 85 transmits force to the rotation shaft 85 to rotate the rotation shaft by virtue of the engagement transmission between the rotation shaft 84 and the rotation shaft 85 through the third gear 851 and the second gear 841, and the screw shaft 71 is engaged with the rotation shaft through the fourth gear 852 and the fifth gear 711, so that the screw shaft 71 is rotatably driven to axially move the support frame 11. And the feeding and retracting can be achieved by the forward rotation and the reverse rotation of the second driving motor 73.
Since the slider 72 moves forward and backward in synchronization with the spline gear 831, the distance therebetween is constant, and thus, in order to reduce the unnecessary lengths of the screw shaft 71 and the spline shaft 83, both can be provided on one shaft in tandem. The support 6 further comprises a support plate 61 vertically arranged in the middle of the support plate, the screw shaft 71 and the spline shaft 83 are arranged in front of and behind, and the opposite ends of the screw shaft 71 and the spline shaft 83 are in rotary fit with the support plate 61.
When the size of the workpiece 10 is long, in order to increase the tool retracting speed and increase the machining efficiency, the fifth gear 711 includes a fifth gear a711a and a fifth gear B711B which are arranged at intervals and have different numbers of teeth, one end of the transmission shaft 85 connected with the fourth gear 852 is in a spline structure, the fourth gear 852 includes a fourth gear a852a and a fourth gear B852B which are arranged in a connecting manner, the fourth gear a852a and the fourth gear B852B can be meshed with the fifth gear a711a and the fifth gear B respectively, the fourth gear 852 is meshed with the fifth gear 711 having different numbers of teeth, the rotating speed of the screw shaft 71 is changed, and when the tool is retracted, the fourth gear 852 is meshed with the fifth gear 711 having fewer numbers of teeth, so that the tool retracting speed is increased. The fourth gear 852 is provided with a second operation handle 86 for driving the fourth gear to axially move along the spline structure. The high and low speed rotation of the screw shaft 71 is achieved by the second operating handle 86 pulling the fourth gear 852 to engage with a different fifth gear 711.
In order to avoid the overlong length of the workpiece 10 to be processed, the workpiece is sagged after extending into the cutting mechanism, a fixed support 91 is arranged at the rear of the workbench 1, a centering shaft 92 coaxially arranged with the rotating mandrel 33 is arranged on the fixed support 91, and the other end of the centering shaft 92 extends into the rotating frame 41 to prop against the center of the workpiece 10 to play a role of a center.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and any and all simple modifications, variations and equivalents of the present invention will fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A large-pitch external thread machining device comprises a workbench (1), a workpiece fixing mechanism (2), a cutting mechanism, a feeding mechanism and a rotating mechanism;
the workpiece fixing mechanism (2) is arranged at one axial end of the workbench (1);
the workbench (1) is provided with a support frame (11) for erecting a cutting mechanism, and the support frame (11) can axially reciprocate along the workbench (1) by virtue of a feeding mechanism;
the method is characterized in that:
the support frame (11) is of a U-shaped structure and is provided with a bottom plate in sliding connection with the upper end face of the workbench (1) and support plates vertically arranged at two ends of the bottom plate, and circular through holes coaxial with the workpiece fixing mechanism (2) are formed in the support plates;
the device also comprises a U-shaped support (6), wherein the support (6) is axially arranged inside the workbench (1);
the feeding mechanism comprises a screw shaft (71), a feeding sliding block (72) matched with the screw shaft (71) and a second driving motor (73) for driving the screw shaft (71) to rotate, two ends of the screw shaft (71) are in rotary fit with the support (6), the screw pitch of the screw shaft (71) is the same as that of a processed workpiece (100), and the feeding sliding block (72) is fixed on the lower end face of a bottom plate of the support frame (11);
the cutting mechanism comprises a threading tool (31), a cutter head (32) and a rotary mandrel (33), wherein the threading tool (31) comprises a plurality of blades uniformly distributed at the front end of the cutter head (32) in the circumferential direction, the front end of the rotary mandrel (33) is coaxially fixed with the rear end of the cutter head (32), and the cutter head (32) and the rotary mandrel (33) are of sleeve structures which can enable a machined workpiece (100) to extend into the cutter head;
the rotating mechanism comprises a self-rotation assembly for driving the cutting mechanism to rotate and a revolution assembly for driving the cutting mechanism to rotate along a processed workpiece (100);
the revolution assembly comprises a rotating frame (41), a fixed frame (42), an adjusting part and a driving part;
the rotary frame (41) is of a hollowed cavity structure, the bottom of the rotary frame is provided with a carrier plate which is horizontally arranged, two ends of the rotary frame (41) are respectively provided with a sleeve structure which stretches into a circular through hole of the support frame (11), a first rotary bearing (411) which enables the rotary frame (41) to rotate on the support frame (11) is arranged between the sleeve structures and the circular through hole, the front end of the cutting mechanism stretches out of the rotary frame (41), the rear end of the cutting mechanism is positioned in the rotary frame (41), the inner diameter of the sleeve structure on the rotary frame (41) is larger than the outer diameter of the rotary mandrel (33), and the rear end of the rotary frame (41) stretches out of the support plate of the support frame (11);
the fixed frame (42) is arranged in the rotary frame (41), is of a circular sleeve structure, is sleeved on the rotary mandrel (33), a second rotary bearing (421) which enables the rotary mandrel (33) to rotate in the fixed frame (42) is arranged between the fixed frame (42) and the rotary mandrel (33), and the autorotation assembly is fixed on the fixed frame (42);
an adjusting part, which connects the rotating frame (41) with the fixed frame (42), the lower end of the adjusting part is in sliding connection with the carrier plate of the rotating frame (41) and can slide along the width direction of the workbench (1), the upper end of the adjusting part is hinged with the fixed frame (42), the fixed frame (42) can incline up and down along the hinged position and is locked, and the adjusting part comprises a radial adjusting rail (43) and an inclination angle adjusting seat (44);
a radial adjusting rail (43) fixed on the carrier plate of the rotating frame (41) and arranged along the width direction of the workbench (1);
the inclination angle adjusting seat (44) can slide along the radial adjusting rail (43), the bottom of the inclination angle adjusting seat is provided with a sliding groove matched with the radial adjusting rail (43), the upper part of the inclination angle adjusting seat is provided with two connecting plates axially arranged along the workbench (1), a U-shaped clamping groove is formed between the two connecting plates, the bottom of the fixing frame (42) is arranged in the U-shaped clamping groove, two axial ends of the connecting plates are respectively provided with a round hole hinged with the fixing frame (42) and an adjusting hole locked with the fixing frame (42) through a bolt and nut assembly, and the adjusting hole is formed in the vertical direction;
a driving part connected with the rear end of the rotary frame (41) extending out of the supporting frame (11) and used for driving the rotary frame (41) to rotate, wherein the driving part comprises a first operation handle (81), a first gear (82), a spline shaft (83) and a rotary shaft (84) which are all axially arranged along the workbench (1);
the first gear (82) is sleeved at the rear end of the rotary frame (41) extending out of the supporting frame (11);
the spline shaft (83) is coaxially arranged with the rotating shaft (84), one end of the spline shaft (83) is in running fit with the support (6), the other end of the spline shaft is connected with the rotating shaft (84) through a clutch, a spline gear (831) is arranged on the spline shaft (83), and the spline gear (831) is meshed with the first gear (82) through a transition gear (821);
the other end of the rotating shaft (84) is in running fit with the support (6) and extends out of the support (6), a driving wheel (842) is arranged on the outer side of the rotating shaft (84) positioned on the support (6), and the driving wheel (842) is in transmission connection with the output end of the third driving motor through a belt;
a first operation handle (81) connected with the clutch for controlling the connection or disconnection of the spline shaft (83) and the rotation shaft (84).
2. The high pitch external thread forming apparatus as recited in claim 1, wherein: the radial adjusting rail (43) is of an I-shaped structure and comprises two parallel adjusting rails, and protrusions for positioning the inclination angle adjusting seat (44) front and back are arranged on the upper surface of the radial adjusting rail (43).
3. The high pitch external thread forming apparatus as recited in claim 1, wherein: the self-rotation assembly comprises a chain wheel (51) arranged at the rear end of the rotary mandrel (33) and a first driving motor (52) arranged on the fixing frame (42), and the output end of the first driving motor (52) is connected with the chain wheel (51) through chain transmission.
4. The high pitch external thread forming apparatus as recited in claim 1, wherein:
the third driving motor and the second driving motor (73) are the same driving motor;
a rotating shaft (84) provided with a second gear (841) on the inner side of the support (6);
the device also comprises a transmission shaft (85) which is arranged in parallel with the spline shaft (83) and the screw shaft (71);
the two ends of the transmission shaft (85) are in running fit with the support (6), a third gear (851) meshed with the second gear (841) is arranged at one end of the transmission shaft (85), and a fourth gear (852) is arranged at the other end of the transmission shaft;
the screw shaft (71) is provided with a fifth gear (711) which is meshed with the fourth gear (852).
5. A high pitch external thread forming apparatus according to claim 1 or 4, wherein: the support (6) further comprises a support plate (61) vertically arranged in the middle of the support, the screw shaft (71) and the spline shaft (83) are arranged in front of and behind, and opposite ends of the screw shaft and the spline shaft are in running fit with the support plate (61).
6. The high pitch external thread forming apparatus as recited in claim 4, wherein: the fifth gear (711) comprises a fifth gear A (711 a) and a fifth gear B (711B) which are arranged at intervals and have different tooth numbers, one end of the transmission shaft (85) connected with the fourth gear (852) is of a spline structure, the fourth gear (852) comprises a fourth gear A (852 a) and a fourth gear B (852B) which are arranged in a connecting mode, the fourth gear A (852 a) and the fourth gear B (852B) can be meshed with the fifth gear A (711 a) and the fifth gear B (711B) respectively, and a second operating handle (86) which drives the fourth gear (852) to axially move along the spline structure is arranged on the fourth gear.
7. The high pitch external thread forming apparatus as recited in claim 1, wherein: the rear of workstation (1) is equipped with fixed support (91), be equipped with on fixed support (91) with rotatory dabber (33) coaxial setting's centering shaft (92), the other end of centering shaft (92) stretches into in swivel mount (41).
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201810265914.9A CN108296575B (en) | 2018-03-28 | 2018-03-28 | Large-pitch external thread machining device |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201810265914.9A CN108296575B (en) | 2018-03-28 | 2018-03-28 | Large-pitch external thread machining device |
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| CN108296575B true CN108296575B (en) | 2024-01-26 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113182620B (en) * | 2021-04-15 | 2022-05-31 | 南通德元机械制造有限公司 | Optimization method for helical milling cut-in trajectory of cylindrical external thread |
| CN113182622A (en) * | 2021-04-30 | 2021-07-30 | 许淑杰 | Automatic internal thread machining device |
| CN113199094B (en) * | 2021-05-25 | 2022-11-25 | 重庆比安提机械制造有限公司 | External thread machining device |
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