Preparation process of filter aid
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of edible oil processing, in particular to a preparation process of a filter aid.
Background
The place where the filter aid is used in the edible oil industry mainly comprises crude oil filtration, semi-finished product filtration, dewaxing filtration, finished product oil filtration, decoloration filtration and the like. The filter aid is mainly made of active clay (for decolouring), diatomite (for dewaxing), pearlite powder (for dewaxing and filtering finished oil).
Chinese patent with publication number CN104403792B and publication date 2016, 07, 27 discloses a continuous multistage temperature-reducing dewaxing method for oil, which comprises the following steps:
A. adding a filter aid in a predetermined proportion into the corn oil and then uniformly mixing;
B. the corn oil evenly mixed with the filter aid sequentially enters a plurality of crystallization tanks in a one-by-one overflow mode to be cooled and crystallized step by step;
C. filtering the corn oil in a plurality of crystallization tanks with well-grown crystals one by one to remove wax, and finishing dewaxing;
the step A is also preceded by: cooling the corn oil to 12-15 ℃ by a heat exchanger;
the filter aid comprises a diatomite filter aid and a perlite filter aid;
the predetermined proportion is 0.3-0.7% of the mass of the corn oil;
the step A specifically comprises the following steps: detecting the flow of the corn oil when the corn oil enters a mixing tank, determining the addition amount of the filter aid according to the flow of the corn oil, sucking the filter aid by a fan to enter a temporary storage tank, enabling the filter aid of the temporary storage tank to flow into a measuring cylinder through a control valve, adding a predetermined amount of the filter aid into the mixing tank through the measuring cylinder, uniformly stirring and mixing the filter aid with the corn oil, opening and closing valves at the front end and the rear end of the measuring cylinder according to a set time, enabling the filter aid flowing out of the valve of the measuring cylinder each time to be a constant amount, arranging a vibrator at the bottom of the temporary storage tank, and assisting in controlling the filter aid of the temporary storage tank to flow into the measuring; and C, a cooling coil is arranged in the crystallizing tank in the step B, and the cooling water is arranged in the coil to gradually cool the corn oil.
The prior art has the advantage of high filtering speed, however, the prior art adopts the diatomite filter aid and the perlite filter aid as the filter aids, the diatomite filter aid and the perlite filter aid both need industrial special production, the production cost and the environmental requirement are strict, and adverse factors such as food sanitation and safety influence exist to different degrees. Therefore, the preparation of the filter aid which does not have any risk factor of food safety and sanitation brought by industrial production and has good filtering effect is a factor to be considered in the process of production design planning of edible oil and fat and has higher market application value.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a preparation process of a filter aid, wherein the filter aid has the advantages of safety, easiness in obtaining, reliability, no industrial pollution and good filtering effect.
In order to achieve the first purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a preparation process of a filter aid comprises the following steps:
a, first screening of oil press leaching pulp filter aid: screening by a 180-mesh screen to remove 180-mesh above oil press leaching dregs filter aid powder;
b, secondary steaming, removing and drying: pre-desolventizing, desolventizing and drying the oil press leaching residue filter aid below 180 meshes obtained in the step A to obtain a primary leaching residue filter aid material;
c, crushing, screening for the second time: b, crushing the primary material of the leached pulp filter aid obtained in the step B, and screening by using a screen to obtain a finished filter aid product;
in the step C, the fineness of the filter aid is 30-180 meshes, and the oil content is 0.8-2%.
Through the technical scheme, in the step A, the oil press leaching meal filter aid powder with more than 180 meshes is screened and removed, so that the fineness of the oil press leaching meal filter aid particles is uniform, and smooth oil filtration production is facilitated; in addition, the filter aid prepared by the screened oil press leaching meal filter aid is easy to form a filter cake during filtration and is not easy to loosen.
In the step B, pre-desolventizing, desolventizing and drying are mutually matched, so that residual dissolved odor is further removed, the obtained leached pulp filter aid is loosened in quality after drying, crushing processing in the step C is facilitated, the fineness of the obtained filter aid is 30-180 meshes, the filter aid has a large surface area, the oil content is 0.8-2%, and the filter aid effect of the filter aid is further improved.
The raw material adopted in the filter aid is oil press leaching meal filter aid, the filter aid is oil meal obtained after oil preparation from fresh corn germs purchased from a large-scale corn starch factory through press leaching, the raw material is natural and free from industrial pollution, the preparation process of the filter aid is safe and reliable and free from industrial pollution, and the obtained filter aid can be used in the field of food with great care.
More preferably: in the step B, in the secondary evaporation and drying, the temperature of the oil press leached pulp filter aid after exsolution is 110 ℃ and the drying time is 25-38min until the water content of the obtained primary material of the leached pulp filter aid is 6-12%.
By adopting the technical scheme, the water content of the primary leached pulp filter aid is reduced to 6-12%, and the primary leached pulp filter aid is suitable for one-time use and does not need to be recycled.
More preferably: in the step B, the drying time is 30-38min until the water content of the obtained primary leached pulp filter aid material is 6-8%.
Through above-mentioned technical scheme, the water content of the first material of the dregs of a decoction filter aid that obtains further reduces, and the water content is in above-mentioned within range, and the first material of the dregs of a decoction filter aid that leaches can carry out grease filtration filter aid after smashing the screening and use, helps reducing the cost of extracting oil.
More preferably: and C, the filter aid with the fineness of 30-160 meshes accounts for 70-85% of the total filter aid.
Through above-mentioned technical scheme, the fineness is great and the fineness is less mutually supported, helps improving filterable effect.
More preferably: and C, performing secondary evaporation and drying on the filter aid, wherein the secondary evaporation and drying comprises pre-desolventizing, desolventizing and drying to obtain a finished dry filter aid product.
By the technical scheme, residual smell is further removed, the materials are loosened by steam stripping and secondary drying, the surface area of the filter aid product after next crushing and processing and crushing is larger, and the effect of the filter aid is favorably improved.
More preferably: in the step B, the pressure of pre-desolventizing is 0.025MPa, the temperature of pre-desolventizing is 81-85 ℃, and the time of pre-desolventizing is 15-25 min.
Through the technical scheme, during pre-desolventizing, the pressure, the temperature and the time are well controlled, so that the filter aid for oil press leaching meal is favorably used for leaching production, and the filter aid obtained in the step C is favorably used for achieving a better filtering effect.
More preferably: in the step B, the pre-desolventizing comprises first-stage pre-desolventizing, second-stage pre-desolventizing and third-stage pre-desolventizing, wherein the pressure of the first-stage pre-desolventizing is 0.03MPa, the temperature is 45-55 ℃, and the time is 5-8 min; the pressure of the two-stage pre-desolventizing is 0.025MPa, the temperature is 81-85 ℃, and the time is 1-2 min; the pressure of three-stage pre-desolventizing is 0.03MPa, the temperature is 70-75 ℃, and the time is 6-10 min.
Through the technical scheme, the pre-desolventizing is divided into three sections, and after the pressure, the temperature and the time of each section are controlled, and the desolventizing, the drying, the crushing and the secondary screening are carried out, the finally obtained meal filter aid has the same water content and oil content, the temperature used in the process is reduced to some extent on the whole, and the time used in the process is shorter, so that the energy conservation and the environmental protection are facilitated.
More preferably: and in the step C, after secondary screening, screening the obtained filter aid with the fineness of not less than 180 meshes, and screening out the powder of the meal filter aid with the fineness of more than 180 meshes for preparing the feed.
Through the technical scheme, after the filter aid with the fineness larger than 180 meshes is subjected to crushing treatment, the filter aid belongs to the superfine filter aid, the filtering effect is not good enough, but resource waste is caused if the filter aid is discarded, so that the filter aid with the fineness larger than 180 meshes is screened out and used for manufacturing feed, the reasonable utilization of resources is facilitated, and the sustainable development is facilitated.
In conclusion, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the filter aid for oil press leaching dregs is oil dregs obtained by pressing and leaching fresh corn germs to prepare oil, belongs to an oil by-product, has no external pollution, and can meet the requirement of food production sanitation and safety to a greater extent;
2. the price of the filter aid for oil press leaching dregs is about 60 percent of that of the diatomite filter aid, and the cost of the processing process of the filter aid is lower;
3. the filter aid is an oil cake product obtained after the oil is prepared by squeezing and leaching fresh corn germs, so that the obtained filter aid with smaller fineness can still be used for preparing feed, and is beneficial to reasonable utilization of resources and sustainable development;
4. the preparation process is not influenced by external conditions, and the reaction conditions can be controlled at any time for production;
5. when the oil press leached pulp filter aid is subjected to pre-desolventizing, a three-section treatment process is adopted, so that the water content and the oil content of the obtained filter aid are in a better range, the temperatures used in three sections are reduced to some extent on the whole, and the used time is shorter, thereby being beneficial to reducing the energy consumption and achieving the effects of energy conservation and environmental protection.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow diagram of a process for the preparation of filter aids.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and examples.
Example 1: a process for preparing a filter aid, which is prepared by the following steps (refer to figure 1):
a, screening an oil press leaching meal filter aid obtained after the fresh corn germs are subjected to press-leaching oil preparation for the first time: screening by a 180-mesh screen to remove 180-mesh above oil press leaching dregs filter aid powder;
b, secondary steaming, removing and drying: pre-desolventizing, desolventizing and drying the oil press leaching meal filter aid below 180 meshes obtained in the step A; the pressure of pre-desolventizing is 0.025MPa, the temperature of pre-desolventizing is 81 ℃, and the time of pre-desolventizing is 25 min; the temperature of the oil pressing leached pulp filter aid after exsolution is 103 ℃, and the drying time is 38min, so as to obtain a primary material of the leached pulp filter aid with the water content of 6-8%;
c, crushing, screening for the second time: b, crushing the primary material of the leached pulp filter aid obtained in the step B, and screening by using a screen to obtain a finished filter aid product; and screening the obtained filter aid with the fineness of not less than 80 meshes, and screening out the filter aid finished product with the fineness of more than 180 meshes for preparing the feed.
Example 2: a process for the preparation of a filter aid which differs from that of example 1 in that in step A, the pressure of the pre-exsolution is 0.025MPa, the temperature of the pre-exsolution is 83 ℃ and the time of the pre-exsolution is 22 min.
Example 3: a process for the preparation of a filter aid which differs from that of example 1 in that in step A, the pressure of the pre-exsolution is 0.025MPa, the temperature of the pre-exsolution is 82 ℃ and the time of the pre-exsolution is 19 min.
Example 4: a process for the preparation of a filter aid which differs from that of example 1 in that in step A, the pressure of the pre-desolventization is 0.025MPa, the temperature of the pre-desolventization is 85 ℃ and the time of the pre-desolventization is 15 min.
Example 5: a preparation process of a filter aid is different from that of example 1 in that in the step A, the temperature of the oil press leaching dregs filter aid after exsolution is 110 ℃, and the drying time is 38min, so that the initial material of the leaching dregs filter aid with the water content of 6 percent is obtained.
Example 6: a preparation process of a filter aid is different from that of example 1 in that in the step A, the temperature of the oil press leaching dregs filter aid after exsolution is 105 ℃, and the drying time is 30min, so that the initial material of the leaching dregs filter aid with the water content of 8% is obtained.
Example 7: a preparation process of a filter aid is different from that of example 1 in that in the step A, the temperature of the oil press leaching dregs filter aid after exsolution is 105 ℃, and the drying time is 35min, so that the initial material of the leaching dregs filter aid with the water content of 7% is obtained.
Example 8: a preparation process of a filter aid is different from that of example 1 in that in the step A, the temperature of the oil press leaching dregs filter aid after exsolution is 100 ℃, and the drying time is 25min, so as to obtain the initial material of the leaching dregs filter aid with the water content of 12%.
Example 9: a process for preparing a filter aid, which differs from that of example 1 in that in step B, the pre-desolventizing step comprises a first-stage pre-desolventizing step, a second-stage pre-desolventizing step and a third-stage pre-desolventizing step, wherein the pressure of the first-stage pre-desolventizing step is 0.03MPa, the temperature is 45 ℃, and the time is 8 min; the pressure of the two-stage pre-desolventizing is 0.025MPa, the temperature is 81 ℃, and the time is 2 min; the pressure of the three-stage pre-desolventizing is 0.03MPa, the temperature is 70 ℃, and the time is 10 min.
Example 10: a process for preparing a filter aid, which differs from that of example 1 in that in step B, the pre-desolventizing step comprises a first-stage pre-desolventizing step, a second-stage pre-desolventizing step and a third-stage pre-desolventizing step, wherein the pressure of the first-stage pre-desolventizing step is 0.03MPa, the temperature is 55 ℃, and the time is 5 min; the pressure of the two-stage pre-desolventizing is 0.025MPa, the temperature is 85 ℃, and the time is 1 min; the pressure of the three-stage pre-desolventizing is 0.03MPa, the temperature is 75 ℃, and the time is 6 min.
Example 11: a process for preparing a filter aid, which differs from that of example 1 in that in step B, the pre-desolventizing step comprises a first-stage pre-desolventizing step, a second-stage pre-desolventizing step and a third-stage pre-desolventizing step, wherein the pressure of the first-stage pre-desolventizing step is 0.03MPa, the temperature is 50 ℃, and the time is 7 min; the pressure of the two-stage pre-desolventizing is 0.025MPa, the temperature is 83 ℃, and the time is 1 min; the pressure of the three-stage pre-desolventizing is 0.03MPa, the temperature is 73 ℃, and the time is 8 min.
Comparative example 1: a process for the preparation of a filter aid which differs from that of example 1 in that, in step A, no first screening is carried out.
Comparative example 2: the difference between the preparation process of the filter aid and the example 1 is that in the step B, the temperature of the oil press leaching dregs filter aid after exsolution is 130 ℃, and the drying time is 30 min.
Comparative example 3: a process for the preparation of a filter aid which differs from that of example 1 in that it does not comprise a pre-desolventization.
Comparative example 4: a process for the preparation of a filter aid differing from that of example 1 in that, in stage B, the pressure of the pre-desolventization is 0.04MPa and the temperature is 78 ℃.
Comparative example 5: a process for the preparation of a filter aid which differs from that of example 1 in that in stage B the pressure of the pre-desolventization is 0.03MPa and the temperature is 80.5 ℃.
Test one: apparent test
Test samples: the filter aids obtained in examples 1 to 11 were selected as test samples 1 to 11, and the filter aids obtained in controls 1 to 5 were selected as controls 1 to 5.
The test method comprises the following steps: 1. observing the appearances of the test samples 1-11 and the comparison samples 1-5, observing the caking condition, and recording and analyzing whether the odors of the test samples 1-11 and the comparison samples 1-5 are normal or not;
2. measuring the fineness of the test sample 1-11 and the reference sample 1-5, recording the content of the fineness of 30-160 meshes, and analyzing;
3. the water content and the oil content of the test samples 1 to 11 and the control samples 1 to 5 are measured, recorded and analyzed.
And (3) test results: the appearance, smell, content of 30-160 mesh with fineness, water content and oil content of the test samples 1-11 and the control samples 1-5 are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 appearance, odor, content of 30-160 mesh, water content, oil content of test samples 1-11 and control samples 1-5
As can be seen from Table 1, the test samples 1-11 are not caked and have no peculiar smell, the fineness is 30-180 meshes, wherein the content of the fineness of 30-160 meshes accounts for 70-85% of the total content of the samples, in addition, the water content of the test samples 1-11 is 6-12%, the oil content is 0.8-2%, especially the test samples 5-7, the water content of the three samples is 6%, 8% and 7%, and the oil content is 0.8%, 1% and 0.9%; the discharging temperature and the drying time of the oil meal after exsolution are mutually matched, and the water content and the oil content of the obtained sample are positively influenced; the water content of the three samples of the test samples 9-11 is 7%, 6% and 6% respectively, and the oil content is 0.8%, 0.9% and 0.8%, which indicates that the pre-desolventizing is carried out by dividing into three sections, and the corresponding pressure, temperature and time are all in the protection range, so that the water content and the oil content of the obtained samples are all in a better range.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and all technical solutions belonging to the idea of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention. It should be noted that modifications and embellishments within the scope of the invention may occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the principle of the invention, and are considered to be within the scope of the invention.