CN108293476A - A kind of Large-Sized Irrigation Districts Dry crop based on unmanned plane imaging is poured water quality evaluating method - Google Patents

A kind of Large-Sized Irrigation Districts Dry crop based on unmanned plane imaging is poured water quality evaluating method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108293476A
CN108293476A CN201810057436.2A CN201810057436A CN108293476A CN 108293476 A CN108293476 A CN 108293476A CN 201810057436 A CN201810057436 A CN 201810057436A CN 108293476 A CN108293476 A CN 108293476A
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water
crop
irrigation
unmanned plane
soil
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CN108293476B (en
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卫琦
徐俊增
廖林仙
李亚威
吕玉平
王海渝
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Hohai University HHU
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Hohai University HHU
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G7/00—Botany in general
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T3/00—Geometric image transformation in the plane of the image
    • G06T3/40—Scaling the whole image or part thereof
    • G06T3/4038—Scaling the whole image or part thereof for image mosaicing, i.e. plane images composed of plane sub-images
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T7/00—Image analysis
    • G06T7/0002—Inspection of images, e.g. flaw detection
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T7/00—Image analysis
    • G06T7/10—Segmentation; Edge detection
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T7/00—Image analysis
    • G06T7/30—Determination of transform parameters for the alignment of images, i.e. image registration
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T2207/00—Indexing scheme for image analysis or image enhancement
    • G06T2207/10—Image acquisition modality
    • G06T2207/10048—Infrared image
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T2207/00—Indexing scheme for image analysis or image enhancement
    • G06T2207/30—Subject of image; Context of image processing
    • G06T2207/30181—Earth observation
    • G06T2207/30188—Vegetation; Agriculture

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of Large-Sized Irrigation Districts Dry crops based on unmanned plane imaging to pour water quality evaluating method, and step includes：(1) water regime before and after a wide range of interior " different fields " crop irrigation in unmanned plane monitoring irrigated area is used, according to crop water status and soil water content θ, unit %, to estimate the soil water content θ before soil irrigationBeforeWith the soil water content θ after irrigationAfterwardsValue；(2) according to the net water irrigating depth h of soil water content mathematic interpolation before and after irrigation, the spatial distribution characteristic of irrigated area h is obtained；(3) evaluation irrigated area is poured water uniformity and crop water satisfaction degree.The present invention has many advantages, such as efficient, reliable, easy to operate, cost-effective, can precisely evaluate Large-Sized Irrigation Districts and pour water quality, decision-making foundation is provided for Irrigation Project Design effect assessment and scientific management.

Description

A kind of Large-Sized Irrigation Districts Dry crop based on unmanned plane imaging is poured water quality evaluating method
Technical field
Pour water quality evaluating method the present invention relates to agricultural irrigation engineering and crop, more particularly to it is a kind of based on unmanned plane at The Large-Sized Irrigation Districts Dry crop of picture is poured water quality evaluating method.
Background technology
China is a large agricultural country, and the development of agricultural be unable to do without the effect of water.It is restricted by gross amount of water resources, agricultural Huge problem is also faced with aqueous condition.Main output place of the Large-Sized Irrigation Districts as grain and other agricultural product, by several Development and improvement in 10 years has solved the problems, such as that agricultural water crisis and irrigation water utilization efficiency are low substantially, but there are still It arable land small injustice flat greatly, pour water the problems such as not uniform, irrigation norm is excessive enough.Therefore, the irrigation evaluation method of science is formulated It is to solve agricultural water crisis and maintenance to instruct Large-Sized Irrigation Districts Precision Irrigation, raising irrigation water utilization efficiency and water productivity The inevitable choice of agricultural sustainable development.
Currently, being concentrated mainly under different factor controllings and pouring water about the pour water research of the evaluation method of quality of Large-Sized Irrigation Districts The Contrast on effect etc. for quality of pouring water under the comparison of quality, the optimization for Environmental Evaluation Model of pouring water, different in moisture monitoring method. Include wherein mainly being grown based on soil moisture (or flow of water) and plant physiology about the monitoring method of field-crop moisture state Monitoring Indexes two major classes also have extremely individual scholars to be monitored by meteorological index.Moisture is declined based on crop itself and is reacted Index be typically considered to preferably embody Crop water deficits situation, application is also relatively broad, but usually require by Specific monitoring device, and the related data information of smaller area can only be provided.Furthermore, it is contemplated that these indexs exist in field Certain Spatial Variability, in Large-Sized Irrigation Districts using there are still certain difficulties.Jackson and Idso et al. pass through to the canopy temperature difference Bound contrast carries out the theory and empirical mode that theoretical explanation proposes crop water stress index.Infrared thermal imaging and ground The fast development of data analysis technique makes the larger range of canopy surface temperature of acquisition, and then estimates being scattered in for water deficit index It is possible.And front and back moisture is irrigated by water deficit index and the estimation of the relationship of soil water content, it is filled to calculate The distribution characteristics of the net water irrigating depth in area is also achieved.This pours water that uneven, irrigation efficiency is low etc. for solving Large-Sized Irrigation Districts and asks Topic provides a kind of evaluation measures.A kind of decision-making foundation is provided for Irrigation Project Design effect assessment and scientific management.
Invention content
Goal of the invention：For irrigation technique problem existing for Large-Sized Irrigation Districts, the present invention provides one kind based on unmanned plane at The pour water Large-Sized Irrigation Districts Dry crop of uniformity and crop water satisfaction degree of irrigated area that can evaluate of picture is poured water quality evaluating method.
Technical solution：A kind of Large-Sized Irrigation Districts Dry crop based on unmanned plane imaging is poured water quality evaluating method, including as follows Step：
(1) water regime before and after a wide range of interior different field crop irrigations in unmanned plane monitoring irrigated area is used, according to crop Water regime and soil water content θ, unit %, to estimate the soil water content θ before soil irrigationBeforeWith the soil after irrigation Moisture θAfterwardsValue；
(2) according to the net water irrigating depth h of soil water content mathematic interpolation before and after irrigation, the spatial distribution for obtaining irrigated area h is special Sign；
(3) evaluation irrigated area is poured water uniformity and crop water satisfaction degree, is evaluated for irrigation effect and is provided with scientific management Decision-making foundation.
In step (1), water regime is lost using crop water before and after a wide range of interior different field crop irrigations in the irrigated area Adactylism number CWSI is characterized, and is specifically distributed using crop canopy temperature, and combines the reference temperature and Air Temperature of abundant evaporating surface Degree calculates；
The Crop water deficits index CWSI calculation formula are：
CWSI=(TC-TW)/(TD-TW)
In formula, TC is canopy surface temperature, and unit is DEG C；TW is the abundant reference evaporator face temperature in ground, and unit is DEG C；TD is to make Leaf temperature when object stomata completely closes, TD=TA+5, unit be DEG C, TA be field air themperature, unit be DEG C, 5 be to build The empirical of vertical leaf temperature and air themperature.
The crop canopy temperature TC is interior on a large scale to irrigated area by the infrared thermography being fixed on unmanned machine head Crop infrared image is acquired, and is matched to the infrared image and its location information that receive by Ground Data Processing System Accurate, splicing and again dividing processing and obtain；The abundant reference evaporator face temperature TW in ground is laid with auxiliary device by field and obtains .The field is laid with auxiliary device, including field air temperature sensor, which sees according to meteorology Gauge model is placed, and the air themperature data that leaf temperature when crop stomata completely closes is obtained by air temperature sensor are asked .It further includes the abundant reference evaporator face in ground that the field, which is laid with auxiliary device, and the abundant reference evaporator face in the ground is higher than canopy Highly 2~3cm, and quantity is no less than one, is evenly arranged in inside the farmland in monitoring region, in the field infrared chart of acquisition It is formed as in and is no less than an abundant reference evaporator point.
The soil water content of the soil after irrigation is distributed the crop water status monitored according to unmanned plane, using crop water The quantitative relationship CWSI=a* θ+b for the index CWSI and soil water content θ that wanes are divided to determine that in formula, a and b are in Different Crop class Type, difference need water sensitive phase difference.
In step (2), the net water irrigating depth h=H* (θAfterwards-θBefore), in formula, H is that field plan is moistening layer depth, single Position is mm.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the infrared image shooting schematic diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the flow diagram of the present invention；
In figure：1- unmanned planes, 2- holders, 3- infrared thermographies, the fields 4- air temperature sensor, 5- fully steam on ground Send out the plane of reference.
Specific implementation mode
In the following with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments, the technical solution that the present invention is furture elucidated.
Fig. 1 is the infrared image shooting schematic diagram of the present invention, according to Fig. 1, a kind of Large-Sized Irrigation Districts based on unmanned plane imaging Dry crop quality evaluating method of pouring water is described as follows：
(1) in deployment auxiliary device, including the abundant reference evaporator face 5 of field air temperature sensor 4 and ground, Middle field air temperature sensor 4 is placed according to meteorological observation specification, and specifically design is as follows in abundant reference evaporator face 5：Selection one The square basin of a length of side 30cm, depth 10cm, the interior suitable quantity of water that is added of basin is spare, the floating of 5cm thickness foamed polystyrene boards The water surface is completely covered in Yu Shuizhong, and the water suction non-woven fabrics of one layer of 2mm thickness is covered above polystyrene board, is wrapped up two layers outside non-woven fabrics The surrounding of water imbibition gluing fiber cloth, non-woven fabrics and fiber cloth is immersed in the water, and non-woven fabrics and fiber cloth is made to be constantly in pressure decatizing Hair-like state is to replace the evaporation of water.The abundant reference evaporator face in ground 5 has several, is evenly arranged in inside the farmland in irrigated area, slightly Higher than crop canopies height, several reference points fully evaporated are formed in the field thermal-induced imagery of acquisition.
(2) infrared thermography 3 is fixed on 1 holder 2 of unmanned plane, carrying out infrared image to a wide range of crop in irrigated area adopts Collection, and simultaneously framing information is recorded by GPS module；
(3) Ground Data Processing System receives infrared image and its location data information, is registrated and is spliced to image； And the image spliced is imported to mating thermal-induced imagery analysis software, infrared Image Segmentation is carried out to the image spliced, Canopy, the abundant reference evaporator face of background and ground are distinguished, is obtained respectively from the abundant reference evaporator face image of canopy image and ground Canopy surface temperature (TC) and the abundant reference evaporator face temperature (T in groundW) spatial distribution,
(4) the test dry-bulb temperature (i.e. field air themperature) plus 5 DEG C of methods for using the definition such as Irmak estimate crop stomata Leaf temperature (T when completely closingD), in conjunction with the canopy surface temperature (T obtained in (3)C) and the abundant reference evaporator face temperature in ground (TW) calculate Crop water deficits index CWSI=(TC-TW)/(TD-TW) distribution characteristics.
(5) (such as according to the relationship of Different Crop CWSI and soil water content (θ)：Wheat：CWSI=-0.0074 θ+ 0.9796, corn：CWSI=-0.0073 θ+0.9212, cotton：CWSI=-0.0071 θ+0.8494) estimation irrigated area difference field Irrigate front and back θBeforeAnd θAfterwardsValue.
(6) front and back soil moisture content difference θ is irrigated according to different fieldsAfterwards-θBeforeWith the quantitative relationship h=of net water irrigating depth h H*(θAfterwards-θBefore) estimation irrigated area h spatial distributions, pour water uniformity and crop of evaluation irrigated area pour water need satisfaction degree.
To sum up, the present invention using unmanned plane monitoring irrigated area on a large scale in water regime before and after crop irrigation, according to crop Front and back soil moisture content is irrigated in the quantitative relationship of water regime and soil water content, estimation, and according to irrigated area difference field The net water irrigating depth distribution characteristics in soil water content mathematic interpolation irrigated area, pour water uniformity and crop water of evaluation irrigated area meet journey Degree can realize the functions such as the monitoring of irrigated area large area crop water status and the estimation of the net water irrigating depth of different fields, to fill Area's irrigation effect evaluation provides decision-making foundation with scientific management.

Claims (7)

  1. The quality evaluating method 1. a kind of Large-Sized Irrigation Districts Dry crop based on unmanned plane imaging is poured water, which is characterized in that including as follows Step：
    (1) water regime before and after a wide range of interior different field crop irrigations in unmanned plane monitoring irrigated area is used, according to crop water Situation and soil water content θ, unit %, to estimate the soil water content θ before soil irrigationBeforeWith the soil moisture after irrigation Content θAfterwardsValue；
    (2) according to the net water irrigating depth h of soil water content mathematic interpolation before and after irrigation, the spatial distribution characteristic of irrigated area h is obtained；
    (3) evaluation irrigated area is poured water uniformity and crop water satisfaction degree, and decision is provided for irrigation effect evaluation and scientific management Foundation.
  2. The quality evaluating method 2. the Large-Sized Irrigation Districts Dry crop according to claim 1 based on unmanned plane imaging is poured water, it is special Sign is, in step (1), water regime uses Crop water deficits before and after a wide range of interior different field crop irrigations in the irrigated area Index CWSI is characterized, and is specifically distributed using crop canopy temperature, and combines the reference temperature and air themperature of abundant evaporating surface It calculates；
    The Crop water deficits index CWSI calculation formula are：
    CWSI=(TC-TW)/(TD-TW)
    In formula, TC is canopy surface temperature, and unit is DEG C；TW is the abundant reference evaporator face temperature in ground, and unit is DEG C；TD is crop gas Leaf temperature when hole completely closes, TD=TA+5, unit be DEG C, TA be field air themperature, unit be DEG C, 5 be to establish leaf The empirical of piece temperature and air themperature.
  3. The quality evaluating method 3. the Large-Sized Irrigation Districts Dry crop according to claim 2 based on unmanned plane imaging is poured water, it is special Sign is：The crop canopy temperature TC is by the infrared thermography being fixed on unmanned machine head interior work a wide range of to irrigated area Object infrared image is acquired, and is matched to the infrared image and its location information that receive by Ground Data Processing System Accurate, splicing and again dividing processing and obtain；The abundant reference evaporator face temperature TW in ground is laid with auxiliary device by field and obtains .
  4. The quality evaluating method 4. the Large-Sized Irrigation Districts Dry crop according to claim 3 based on unmanned plane imaging is poured water, it is special Sign is：The field is laid with auxiliary device, including field air temperature sensor, and the field air temperature sensor is according to gas As observation criteria placement, the Air Temperature number of degrees that leaf temperature when crop stomata completely closes is obtained by air temperature sensor According to acquiring.
  5. The quality evaluating method 5. the Large-Sized Irrigation Districts Dry crop according to claim 3 or 4 based on unmanned plane imaging is poured water, It is characterized in that：It further includes the abundant reference evaporator face in ground that the field, which is laid with auxiliary device, and the abundant reference evaporator face in the ground is high In 2~3cm of canopy height, and quantity is no less than one, is evenly arranged in inside the farmland in monitoring region, red in the field of acquisition It is formed in outer thermal image and is no less than an abundant reference evaporator point.
  6. The quality evaluating method 6. the Large-Sized Irrigation Districts Dry crop according to claim 1 based on unmanned plane imaging is poured water, it is special Sign is：The soil water content of the soil after irrigation is distributed the crop water status monitored according to unmanned plane, using crop water The quantitative relationship CWSI=a* θ+b for the index CWSI and soil water content θ that wanes are divided to determine that in formula, a and b are in Different Crop class Type, difference need water sensitive phase difference.
  7. The quality evaluating method 7. the Large-Sized Irrigation Districts Dry crop according to claim 1 based on unmanned plane imaging is poured water, it is special Sign is, in step (2), the net water irrigating depth h=H* (θAfterwards-θBefore), in formula, H is that field plan is moistening layer depth, unit For mm.
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CN109126102A (en) * 2018-10-31 2019-01-04 西北农林科技大学 A kind of control system and its working method for the match of drought-resistant agriculture unmanned plane
CN115500244A (en) * 2022-10-12 2022-12-23 中国水利水电科学研究院 Variable irrigation prescription map generation method and system for large-scale sprinkler
CN116530376A (en) * 2023-07-05 2023-08-04 中国气象局气象干部培训学院 Spring wheat planting method based on APSIM model

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109126102A (en) * 2018-10-31 2019-01-04 西北农林科技大学 A kind of control system and its working method for the match of drought-resistant agriculture unmanned plane
CN115500244A (en) * 2022-10-12 2022-12-23 中国水利水电科学研究院 Variable irrigation prescription map generation method and system for large-scale sprinkler
CN115500244B (en) * 2022-10-12 2023-11-10 中国水利水电科学研究院 Large-scale sprinkler variable irrigation prescription chart generation method and system
CN116530376A (en) * 2023-07-05 2023-08-04 中国气象局气象干部培训学院 Spring wheat planting method based on APSIM model
CN116530376B (en) * 2023-07-05 2023-09-15 中国气象局气象干部培训学院 Spring wheat planting method based on APSIM model

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