CN108287103A - A kind of general planar material tension, strain and deflection test device and test method - Google Patents

A kind of general planar material tension, strain and deflection test device and test method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108287103A
CN108287103A CN201711275841.3A CN201711275841A CN108287103A CN 108287103 A CN108287103 A CN 108287103A CN 201711275841 A CN201711275841 A CN 201711275841A CN 108287103 A CN108287103 A CN 108287103A
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planar material
sample
cushion cap
displacement
sensor
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CN108287103B (en
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孙涛
孙彦峰
刘强
高晓颖
周飞羽
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Shandong University of Science and Technology
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Shandong University of Science and Technology
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/08Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/0014Type of force applied
    • G01N2203/0016Tensile or compressive
    • G01N2203/0017Tensile
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/0014Type of force applied
    • G01N2203/0016Tensile or compressive
    • G01N2203/0019Compressive
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/02Details not specific for a particular testing method
    • G01N2203/026Specifications of the specimen
    • G01N2203/0262Shape of the specimen
    • G01N2203/0278Thin specimens
    • G01N2203/0282Two dimensional, e.g. tapes, webs, sheets, strips, disks or membranes

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)

Abstract

A kind of general planar material tension, strain and deflection test device, including pressure-loaded system, sample cushion cap, prestressing force loading system, testing and data collecting system;The pressure-loaded system is made of counter-force column, crossbeam, pedestal, servo apparatus for feeding A and loading head;The prestressing force loading system includes servo apparatus for feeding B, pulling force sensor and load plate;The test system includes pressure sensor, displacement sensor and laser displacement gauge;The data collecting system includes data collector and computer.The sample prepared is placed on sample cushion cap, prestressing force loading system and pressure-loaded system apply prestressing force and pressure to planar material sample respectively, and the data for reading each sensor test with data collecting system by the test calculate pressure, displacement and amount of deflection that planar material sample is born.The present invention can meet different materials, various boundary conditions planar material experimental test.

Description

A kind of general planar material tension, strain and deflection test device and test method
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of general planar material tension, strain and deflection test devices, belong to Geotechnical Engineering neck Domain.
Background technology
In Base hole supporting technology and side slope protection system, design of anchored bulkhead and Shotcrete Rockbolt Support Technique are commonly to prop up One of shield technology.Either design of anchored bulkhead or Shotcrete Rockbolt Support Technique, one of important component are exactly branch Armour layer.So-called branch armour layer be in foundation pit and side slope protection for prevent slope surface occur local failure setting it is a kind of rigidity or Protection face flexible.At present in soil-nail wall support system and bolt-spary supports system, face layer is mostly concrete ejection planar material Material, steel wire, geosynthetics planar material, such as TGXG, geotextiles.
The soil lateral pressure of slopes is passed to soil nailing or anchor by face layer by limiting the lateral displacement of foundation pit or slopes Bar transmits the effect of soil pressure to realize protection slopes.Except this, face layer plays weight to preventing the erosion caused by sloping surfaces and slopes from afforesting It acts on.Therefore, the rigidity and intensity of face layer play an important roll the stability of foundation pit and slope retaining system.Once face layer It destroys, the stability of foundation pit and side slope is also just by larger threat.Therefore when designing supporting scheme, the rigidity of face layer Test with intensity is an important indicator.
Mostly it is at present the test for gunite concrete planar material for the test of face layer, test is mixed by testing The uniaxial compressive strength of solidifying soil test block utilizes the amount of deflection generation of the formal testing hingedly constrained with rondelle test block for superficial layer intensity Superficial layer amount of deflection.Geotechnique's conjunction is represented also with simple uniaxial bursting strength for the test of geosynthetics planar material At the material face shape strength of materials.Though the test data of above method has certain representativeness, it uses two complete equipments, two Set standard can not compare and analyze.In general, scene branch armour layer mostly be connected into anchor pole or soil nailing it is semifixed Constraint, i.e. face layer are firmly pressed in slope surface by anchor pole head or soil nailing head.Planar material is arranged to by above method with test pole Hinged constraint type, it is clear that be unable to the actual conditions at real embodiment scene.
Invention content
The present invention provides a kind of general planar material tension, strain and deflection test devices, by replacing sample cushion cap, The test of different materials planar material may be implemented and generate test curve, and can be by different materials planar testing of materials result It compares and analyzes, engineers and technicians is facilitated to carry out material than choosing.
The technical solution that the present invention takes is:
A kind of general planar material tension, strain and deflection test device, including pressure-loaded system, sample cushion cap, prestressing force Loading system, testing and data collecting system;The pressure-loaded system is by counter-force column, crossbeam, pedestal, servo apparatus for feeding A and loading head composition, the counter-force column are fixedly connected with pedestal, and the crossbeam is fixed on two counter-force columns, institute Servo apparatus for feeding A is stated to be fixed among the crossbeam;Described pressure sensor one end is fixedly connected with the loading head, separately One end is fixedly connected with the servo apparatus for feeding A;The sample cushion cap is fixed on the pressure-loaded internal system;It is described Prestressing force loading system includes servo apparatus for feeding B, pulling force sensor, load plate and support land, the servo apparatus for feeding B is fixed in the pedestal, and described pulling force sensor one end is connect with the servo apparatus for feeding B, and one end connects with load plate It connects, the support land is placed on above the pedestal;The test system includes pressure sensor, displacement sensor and laser Displacement meter;The data collecting system includes data collector and computer.The sample prepared is placed on sample cushion cap, is led to It crosses prestressing force loading system and pressure-loaded system applies prestressing force and pressure respectively to planar material sample, pass through the test The data that the pressure sensor, displacement sensor and laser displacement gauge are read with data collecting system calculate the examination of planar material Pressure, displacement and the amount of deflection that sample is born.Above-mentioned survey is realized by replacing sample cushion cap for the planar material of different materials Examination.
Further, the loading head is cylinder, and head is spherical, and side is provided with a displacement measurement bar.
Further, the loading head is fixedly connected with the pressure sensor.
Further, the pedestal is made of upper and lower two-layered steel plates, and the upper layer steel plate is square, the setting one in centre Steel plate is run through in a displacement measurement hole, is arranged with regular hexagon angle point in surrounding and 6 through holes are arranged.
Further, the sample cushion cap is divided into two types according to planar material and connection type difference:For injection The hinged restriction mode of concrete planar material, the sample cushion cap are cylinder, and top surface is spherical, and referred to as hingedly sample is held Platform;For the fixed constraint pattern of geosynthetics, steel wire planar material, the sample cushion cap is by support column and specimen holder Tool composition, the specimen holder are bolted on support column, referred to as fixed sample cushion cap.
Further, the support column by being inserted into positive six side of pedestal upper layer steel plate by the hinged sample cushion cap Support column is connect with pedestal in the through hole of shape arrangement.
Further, the fixed sample cushion cap, by the way that the support column is passed through positive the six of pedestal upper layer steel plate The through hole that side shape is laid is fixedly connected with the load plate of the prestressing force loading system.
Further, the specimen holder is made of two circular ring shape steel plates, steel plate one side have zigzag lines, two Circular ring shape steel plate is clamped sample by ring flange, screw bolt and nut.
Further, the prestress application system includes servo apparatus for feeding B, pulling force sensor, load plate and support Land.
Further, the servo apparatus for feeding B is fixed in the pedestal, and described pulling force sensor one end is watched with described It takes apparatus for feeding B to be fixedly connected, the other end is fixedly connected with load plate center, and the load plate is high-strength metal sheet.
Further, the test system includes pressure sensor, displacement sensor and laser displacement gauge.
Further, the pressure sensor is arranged between the servo apparatus for feeding A and the loading head, one end with The servo apparatus for feeding A is fixedly connected, and the other end is fixedly connected with the loading head.
Further, institute's displacement sensors are arranged on the displacement meter holder, test loading head displacement;The laser Displacement meter is arranged among the pedestal, and the displacement measurement hole measurement sample of chassis interior upper layer steel plate is passed through by laser The displacement at center.
Further, the pulling force sensor, pressure sensor, displacement sensor pass through communication cable and the data Collector systems connect, and realize data acquisition.
The test method of a kind of general planar material tension, strain and deflection test device is as follows:
(1)Test sample is made according to test requirements document, e.g., gunite concrete planar material is needed after being made in die trial simultaneously Maintenance, for geosynthetics planar material, steel wire planar material cutting at corresponding size.
(2)Test sample is correctly placed on sample cushion cap according to test request.For gunite concrete planar material Hinged restriction mode selects hinged sample cushion cap, and planar material sample is accurately placed on the hinged sample cushion cap, and is made Planar material sample center is consistent with the center in the displacement measurement hole of the upper layer steel plate and the center of the loading head;For The fixed constraint pattern of geosynthetics planar material, steel wire planar material selects fixed sample cushion cap, by planar material Sample is placed on planar material fixture pull-up and puts down and clamp, and the support column of planar material fixture and fixed sample cushion cap is fixed and is connected It connects, keeps sample center consistent with the center in the displacement measurement hole of the upper layer steel plate and the center of the loading head.
(3)Displacement sensor and pressure sensor are placed in corresponding position, connect with data collector by conducting wire, is surveyed Try the connection of each sensor and data collector, it is ensured that sensor and data collector it is intact.
(4)It, can be by controlling in the prestressing force loading system for geosynthetics, steel wire planar material Servo apparatus for feeding B, which pulls downward on the load plate, makes planar material sample be contacted with the support land, and is tensioned, and application is answered Power passes through the pulling force sensor read-record prestress value.
(5)Start the servo apparatus for feeding A so that loading head just touches sample, and each sensor is zeroed.
(6)Start the servo apparatus for feeding A, data collector, the data of each sensor is automatically recorded with computer, and paint Load-displacement curve processed.
(7)Data are preserved, and servo apparatus for feeding A is retracted, and remove sample, prepare next experiment.
(8)It repeats(2)-(7), carry out a new experiment.
(9)After experiment, each system power supply is closed.
A kind of general planar material tension of the present invention, strain and the usefulness of deflection test device and test method are:
(1)The present invention can meet different materials, various boundary conditions planar material experimental test.
(2)Sample cushion cap can arbitrarily be replaced according to different materials and constraints in the present invention, simple to operate.
(3)The present invention can be effectively by the unified progress of the planar testing of materials of different materials and various boundary conditions, just In data comparison, scheme comparison.
(4)The present invention provides a kind of planar material prestress application devices, preferably resolve planar material sample Tightly and apply prestressed problem.
(5)Whole process of the invention uses automatic data acquisition device, reduces human interference, and data reliability is good.
(6)The configuration of the present invention is simple, it is easily operated, it is easy to use, and manufacturing cost is low, is suitble to promote and apply.
Figure of description
A kind of general planar material tensions of Fig. 1, strain and deflection test device structural schematic diagram
A kind of general planar material tensions of Fig. 2, strain and deflection test device fixed constraint mode configuration schematic diagram
A kind of general planar material tensions of Fig. 3, strain and deflection test device are hinged restriction mode structural schematic diagram
Fig. 4 pedestals upper layer steel plate schematic top plan view
Fig. 5 fixes sample cushion cap support column schematic diagram
Fig. 6 load plate schematic top plan views
Fig. 7 supports land section and schematic top plan view
In figure:1-pedestal, 2- lower layers steel plate, 3-upper layer steel plates, 4-counter-force columns, 5-crossbeams, 6- loading heads, 7-servos Apparatus for feeding A, 8-pressure sensors, 9-planar material fixtures, 10-support land, 11-servo apparatus for feeding B, 12- Pulling force sensor, 13- load plates, 14- fixation sample cushion caps, 15- laser displacement gauges, 16- displacement measurements hole, 17- through holes, 18-hinged sample cushion caps, 19- planar material samples, 20- displacement sensors, 21- displacement meter holders, 22- supports land are fixed Hole, 23- data collectors, 24- computers, 25- screws, 26- screw holes
Specific implementation mode
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of general planar material tension, strain and deflection test device, including pressure-loaded system, examination Sample cushion cap, prestressing force loading system, testing and data collecting system;The pressure-loaded system is by pedestal 1, counter-force column 4, cross Beam 5, loading head 6 and servo apparatus for feeding A 7 are formed, and the counter-force column 4 is fixedly connected with pedestal 1, and the crossbeam 5 is erected at It on two counter-force columns 4, and is fixed using bolt, the servo apparatus for feeding A 7 is fixed among the crossbeam 5, institute It states 8 one end of pressure sensor to be fixedly connected with the servo apparatus for feeding A 7, the other end is fixedly connected with the loading head 6, amount Survey the pressure of the loading head 6;The sample cushion cap is divided into fixed sample cushion cap 14 and hinged 18 two kinds of sample cushion cap;It is described pre- Stress loading system includes servo apparatus for feeding B 11, pulling force sensor 12 and load plate 13,12 one end of the pulling force sensor It is fixedly connected with servo apparatus for feeding B 11, one end is fixedly connected with 13 center of load plate;The test with acquisition system includes Laser displacement gauge 15, displacement sensor 20, pressure sensor 8, data collector 23 and computer 24;Institute's displacement sensors 20 are solid It is scheduled on the displacement meter holder 21, tests the displacement of loading head;The laser displacement gauge 15 is placed in the load plate 13 The heart so that the Laser emission end of the laser displacement gauge 15 is aligned with the displacement measurement hole 16 on the upper layer steel plate 3, to make Laser light displacement measurement hole 16 measures the displacement at planar material sample center, and falls after preventing planar material sample from destroying and pound Bad laser displacement gauge 16.The pressure sensor 8, pulling force sensor 12, the laser displacement gauge 15 and displacement sensor 20 are logical It crosses data line to connect with data collector 23, and will be in the data transmission of acquisition to computer 24.
First according to the material of test sample and the way of restraint, suitable sample cushion cap is selected, such as gunite concrete planar Material is hinged restriction mode selection and is hinged sample cushion cap 18;Geosynthetics planar material, steel wire planar material are fixed about Sample cushion cap 14 is fixed in beam model selection.
By selected sample cushion cap, such as:Hinged sample cushion cap 18 is inserted into the through hole 17 of the upper layer steel plate 3, with Pedestal upper layer steel plate 3 is fixedly connected;Fixed sample cushion cap 14 then passes through the through hole 17 on upper layer steel plate 3 by screw 25 and adds Screw hole 26 on support plate 13 is fixedly connected, and makes 10 exact placement of support land on upper layer steel plate 3, is passed through by screw upper Support land mounting hole 22 on layer steel plate 3 will support land 10 to be fixed with upper layer steel plate 3.
The planar material sample 19 prepared is placed on sample cushion cap:It is hinged about for gunite concrete planar material Beam pattern is needed the center in the displacement measurement hole 16 on the center of gunite concrete planar material sample 19 and upper layer steel plate 3 Alignment;For the fixed constraint pattern of geosynthetics planar material and steel wire planar material, need to try planar material Sample 19 is fixed on planar material fixture 9, and planar material fixture 9 is fixedly connected with fixed sample cushion cap 14.
Pilot system is opened, preheats 15 minutes, the test of restriction mode is hinged for gunite concrete planar material, first So that loading head 6 has just been contacted planar material sample, slightly suspend, and by displacement sensor 20, pulling force sensor 12 and laser position Meter 15 is moved to reset.
Servo apparatus for feeding A 7 is continued on, formally starts to test, experimental test, test are carried out to planar material sample In the process, data are transmitted on data collector 23 simultaneously by pressure sensor 8, displacement sensor 20 and laser displacement gauge 15 in real time Send computer 24 to, the load, displacement during being tested and deflection data.
Alternatively, before starting experiment, for the fixed constraint mould of geosynthetics planar material and steel wire planar material The test of formula needs to apply prestressing force to planar material sample, can pull downward on load by opening servo apparatus for feeding B 11 Plate 13 makes fixed sample cushion cap 14 move down, and so that planar material sample 19 is contacted with support land 10, and tense, reads pulling force Value on sensor 12, and record.
Unlatching servo apparatus for feeding A 7 stops after so that loading head 6 is just contacted with planar material sample, to pressure sensor 8, the zeros data of displacement sensor 20 and laser displacement gauge 15 continues on servo apparatus for feeding A 7 and continues to test, passes through number The data of pressure sensor 8, displacement sensor 20 and laser displacement gauge 15 are recorded according to collector 23 and computer 24, acquisition was tested Load, displacement in journey and deflection data.
After experiment, servo apparatus for feeding A 7 is withdrawn, the planar material sample tested is taken from sample cushion cap Under, prepare lower battery of tests.
Finally it should be noted that:The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than its limitations;Although Present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that:It still may be used With technical scheme described in the above embodiments is modified or equivalent replacement of some of the technical features; And these modifications or replacements, various embodiments of the present invention technical solution that it does not separate the essence of the corresponding technical solution spirit and Range.

Claims (7)

1. a kind of general planar material tension, strain and deflection test device, including pressure-loaded system, sample cushion cap, answer in advance Force loading system, testing and data collecting system;The pressure-loaded system is by counter-force column, crossbeam, pedestal, servo feed dress A and loading head composition are set, the counter-force column is fixedly connected with pedestal, and the crossbeam is fixed on two counter-force columns, The servo apparatus for feeding A is fixed among the crossbeam;Described pressure sensor one end is fixedly connected with the loading head, The other end is fixedly connected with the servo apparatus for feeding A;The sample cushion cap is fixed on the pressure-loaded internal system;Institute It includes servo apparatus for feeding B, pulling force sensor, load plate and support land, the servo feed dress to state prestressing force loading system It sets B to be fixed in the pedestal, described pulling force sensor one end is connect with the servo apparatus for feeding B, one end and load plate Connection, the support land are placed on above the pedestal;The test system includes pressure sensor, displacement sensor and swashs Light displacement meter;The data collecting system includes data collector and computer;The sample prepared is placed on sample cushion cap, Apply prestressing force and pressure respectively to planar material sample by prestressing force loading system and pressure-loaded system, passes through the survey The data that the pressure sensor, displacement sensor and laser displacement gauge are read in examination with data collecting system calculate planar material Pressure, displacement and the amount of deflection that sample is born.
2. a kind of general planar material tension, strain and deflection test device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: The pedestal is made of upper and lower two-layered steel plates, and the upper layer steel plate is square, and a displacement measurement hole is arranged in centre, runs through Steel plate is arranged with regular hexagon angle point in surrounding and 6 through holes is arranged.
3. a kind of general planar material tension, strain and deflection test device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: The sample cushion cap is divided into two types according to planar material and connection type difference:For gunite concrete planar material Hinged restriction mode, the sample cushion cap are cylinder, and top surface is spherical, referred to as hinged sample cushion cap;Material is synthesized for geotechnique The fixed constraint pattern of material, steel wire planar material, the sample cushion cap are made of support column and specimen holder, the specimen holder Tool is bolted on support column, referred to as fixed sample cushion cap.
4. a kind of general planar material tension, strain and deflection test device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: The support column by being inserted into the through hole that the regular hexagon of pedestal upper layer steel plate is arranged by the hinged sample cushion cap Support column is connect with pedestal;The support column is passed through positive six side of pedestal upper layer steel plate by the fixed sample cushion cap The through hole that shape is laid is fixedly connected with the load plate of the prestressing force loading system.
5. a kind of general planar material tension, strain and deflection test device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: The prestress application system includes servo apparatus for feeding B, pulling force sensor, load plate and support land, the servo feed Device B is fixed in the pedestal, and described pulling force sensor one end is fixedly connected with the servo apparatus for feeding B, the other end It is fixedly connected with load plate center, the load plate is high-strength metal sheet.
6. a kind of general planar material tension, strain and deflection test device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: Institute's displacement sensors are arranged on the displacement meter holder, test loading head displacement;The laser displacement gauge is arranged described Among pedestal, the displacement at the displacement measurement hole measurement sample center of chassis interior upper layer steel plate is passed through by laser.
7. the test method of a kind of general planar material tension, strain and deflection test device, as follows:
(1)Test sample is made according to test requirements document, e.g., gunite concrete planar material is needed after being made in die trial simultaneously Maintenance, for geosynthetics planar material, steel wire planar material cutting at corresponding size;
(2)Test sample is correctly placed on sample cushion cap according to test request,
Restriction mode is hinged for gunite concrete planar material, hinged sample cushion cap is selected, planar material sample is accurately put Set on the hinged sample cushion cap, and make the center in planar material sample center and the displacement measurement hole of the upper layer steel plate with And the center of the loading head is consistent;For the fixed constraint pattern of geosynthetics planar material, steel wire planar material, Planar material sample it is flat and clamp to be placed on planar material fixture pull-up, by planar material fixture by the fixed sample cushion cap of selection Be fixedly connected with the support column of fixed sample cushion cap, make sample center and the displacement measurement hole of the upper layer steel plate center and The center of the loading head is consistent;
(3)Displacement sensor and pressure sensor are placed in corresponding position, and connect with data collector by conducting wire, and is surveyed Try the connection of each sensor and data collector, it is ensured that sensor and data collector it is intact;
(4)It, can be by controlling the servo in the prestressing force loading system for geosynthetics, steel wire planar material Apparatus for feeding B, which pulls downward on the load plate, makes planar material sample be contacted with the support land, and is tensioned, and applies stress, Pass through the pulling force sensor read-record prestress value;
(5)Start the servo apparatus for feeding A so that loading head just touches sample, and each sensor is zeroed;
(6)Start the servo apparatus for feeding A, data collector, the data of each sensor is automatically recorded with computer, and draw Load-displacement curve;
(7)Data are preserved, and servo apparatus for feeding A is retracted, sample is removed, prepares next experiment;
(8)It repeats(2)-(7), carry out a new experiment;
(9)After experiment, each system power supply is closed.
CN201711275841.3A 2017-12-06 2017-12-06 Device and method for testing tension, strain and deflection of general planar material Active CN108287103B (en)

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