CN108281693B - Method for producing all-vanadium redox flow battery electrolyte from vanadium-containing solution - Google Patents
Method for producing all-vanadium redox flow battery electrolyte from vanadium-containing solution Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for producing all-vanadium redox flow battery electrolyte by using vanadium-containing solution, which comprises the following steps: step 1, adjusting the pH value of a vanadium-containing solution, and when the vanadium-containing solution is an acidic vanadium-containing solution, adjusting the pH value to 1-3; when the vanadium-containing solution is alkaline vanadium-containing solution, adjusting the pH value to 5-10; step 2, performing ion exchange by using resin to adsorb vanadium ions in the vanadium-containing solution; step 3, obtaining a vanadium-containing analysis solution by using resin adsorbed with vanadium ions through acid analysis; step 4, reducing vanadium in the vanadium-containing analysis solution, and returning to the step 3 for cyclic analysis when the concentration of the vanadium is lower than a set value; and when the concentration of the vanadium is greater than or equal to a set value, obtaining the electrolyte of the all-vanadium redox flow battery. The method reduces the production cost of the electrolyte of the all-vanadium redox flow battery and reduces the discharge of wastewater by optimizing the process flow.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an electrochemical technology, in particular to a method for producing all-vanadium redox flow battery electrolyte by using vanadium-containing solution.
Background
Vanadium is an important high-temperature-resistant nonferrous metal, can be used as an alloy element of high-strength steel, and simultaneously, vanadium oxide is an indispensable catalyst in the chemical industry, can be used as a heavy truck tail gas denitration catalyst, a power plant flue gas denitration catalyst and a catalyst in organic chemical industry, such as a maleic anhydride catalyst. The electronics industry, aerospace industry, and ceramics industry also use vanadium and vanadium compounds. In recent years, vanadium is also used as electrolyte of an all-vanadium redox flow battery, and with the vigorous development of new energy industry, the vanadium redox flow battery plays an important part in the electrolyte, and the all-vanadium redox flow battery is adopted as an energy storage battery in the power station project of 800MWh peak shaving in 2016, so that the electrolyte has an important promotion effect on the development of the vanadium redox flow battery.
The functional component of the vanadium battery electrolyte is vanadium cations with various valence states, and the paired anions can be acid radicals such as sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid.
The vanadium resources are widely distributed on the earth, the types of vanadium ore deposits are mainly divided into magma type vanadium-titanium magnetite and sedimentary vanadium ore, the sedimentary vanadium ore is mainly vanadium-containing stone coal, also called stone coal vanadium ore, the proven storage capacity of the stone coal in China reaches 6.188 × 1010t, and V is V2O5The grade is more than 0.3 percent to 1.0 percent, and the total reserve is V2O5The vanadium content is about 1.18 × 108t, and is 87 percent of the total vanadium content in the ores in ChinaAnd is an important resource of vanadium. The vanadium-containing stone coal is widely distributed in China, and has a large amount of vanadium-containing stone coal resources in Shaanxi, Hunan, Hubei, Anhui, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Guizhou, Gansu, Henan and the like.
The traditional vanadium extraction process of vanadium ore is sodium salt roasting-water leaching, namely, vanadium is converted into a soluble state through sodium salt roasting, and roasted sand is leached by water, so that a vanadium-containing solution can be obtained. Crude vanadium is prepared from vanadium-containing solution, and ammonium salt such as ammonium chloride and ammonium sulfate is added to obtain ammonium metavanadate or ammonium polyvanadate.
The Beijing mining research institute provides a method CN 103555972A for leaching vanadium from stone coal vanadium ore by sulfuric acid curing, and the method mainly comprises the following steps: the stone coal vanadium ore is crushed by a crusher in a dry mode until the particle size is smaller than 8mm, concentrated sulfuric acid is added according to 20-50% of the mass of the vanadium ore and is uniformly mixed, the mixture is cured at the temperature of 150-300 ℃ for 1-8 hours, then water is added, stirring and leaching are carried out for 1-8 hours, the leaching temperature is 50-100 ℃, and the solid ratio of a leaching solution is 8: 1-1: 1, then carrying out solid-liquid separation to obtain vanadium-containing leaching liquid and leaching slag.
Jishou university discloses a method for cleanly and efficiently extracting vanadium pentoxide from stone coal vanadium ore, which mainly comprises the following steps: (1) crushing stone coal vanadium ore, and then ball-milling to 80-200 meshes; (2) adding the additive according to the mass ratio of 1-20% of the additive to the mineral powder, uniformly mixing, balling, drying, and roasting at 600-900 ℃ for 1-10 h. (3) Adding 1-50% sulphuric acid to leach the roasted slag, leaching for 1-20h at 25-100 deg.C, and filtering for separation. (4) Oxidizing the vanadium-containing filtrate with sodium chlorate, treating the vanadium-containing filtrate with ion exchange resin, precipitating vanadium by adopting ammonium chloride, and calcining the vanadium-containing filtrate at the temperature of 450-550 ℃ for 1 to 10 hours to obtain a vanadium pentoxide product. The method has no gas generated in the roasting process, has no pollution to the environment, and has strong popularization and application values. This patent uses ion exchange resins for the concentration and separation of vanadium followed by ammonium chloride precipitation of vanadium.
Wuhan science and technology university discloses a method for separating vanadium and iron by two-stage selective leaching of stone coal, CN106755959A, the specific scheme is as follows: crushing the stone coal, roasting for 60-80 min under the conditions of non-oxidizing atmosphere and 900 ℃ of 800-. Acid leaching the roasted material in the sulfuric acid solution I for 10-30 min at the temperature of 20-40 ℃ according to the solid-to-liquid ratio of the roasted material to the sulfuric acid solution I of 1 (1.5-3) t/m3 to obtain iron-containing acid leaching solution and primary acid leaching residue. And (3) performing acid leaching on the primary acid leaching residue in the sulfuric acid solution II for 3-8 h at 90-98 ℃ according to the solid-to-liquid ratio of the roasted material to the sulfuric acid solution II being 1 (1.5-3) t/m3 to obtain a vanadium-containing acid leaching solution and a secondary acid leaching residue. Wherein: the volume concentration of the sulfuric acid solution I is 5-7%; the volume concentration of the sulfuric acid solution II is 15-20%; the iron content of the pyrite in the stone coal accounts for more than 90% of the iron content of the stone coal. The method is suitable for stone coal with pyrite accounting for more than 90% of the total iron content, and the essence of roasting is to convert ferric oxide into ferrous sulfide which is easy to dissolve in acid, and carry out primary low-temperature acid washing to elute the iron.
Jiangxi gold chemical industry discloses a preparation method of vanadium pentoxide CN 104261473B, which mainly comprises the following steps: relates to the field of vanadium pentoxide production, in particular to a preparation method of vanadium pentoxide, which comprises the following steps: (A) adding the stone coal into a sulfuric acid solution and an additive to obtain a first mixture; (B) adding the first mixture into deionized water, stirring and then carrying out solid-liquid separation; (C) standing the liquid phase to obtain a first precipitate, separating the first precipitate, adding ammonium bicarbonate into the first supernatant, uniformly stirring, continuously standing to separate a second precipitate, and obtaining a second supernatant; (D) adding calcium hydroxide and/or calcium oxide to the second supernatant to obtain a third precipitate and a third supernatant; (E) after the ion exchange resin is saturated, eluting the ion exchange resin by using sodium hydroxide to obtain a vanadium solution; (F) adding a pH regulator into the vanadium solution, adding hydrogen peroxide, finally adding ammonium chloride, performing centrifugal separation to obtain precipitate ammonium metavanadate, and performing decomposition reaction on the ammonium metavanadate to obtain vanadium pentoxide. The invention relates to a method for separating and extracting aluminum, potassium and vanadium from stone coal, which comprises the steps of precipitating the aluminum and the potassium in the form of ammonium alum and potassium alum, then adjusting the pH value to 3.2-6.5 by using calcium hydroxide to precipitate other metals in the form of hydroxide, adsorbing the vanadium in filtrate by using resin, resolving, adding ammonium chloride to precipitate and obtain ammonium metavanadate. This patent has the following problems: (1) calcium hydroxide precipitation is carried out in a vanadium-containing solution to obtain hydroxides of various metals, which can cause serious loss of vanadium; (2) the use of sodium hydroxide resolving resins results in sodium enrichment of the solution; (3) ammonium chloride precipitation of vanadium produces waste water containing ammonium and sodium;
in summary, in the process for extracting vanadium from stone coal, the leaching solution of vanadium is generally low in concentration, and in order to obtain a high-concentration vanadium salt solution, the vanadium salt solution must be enriched, and the available method is mainly ion exchange. The anion resin can adsorb pentavalent vanadium in a weak acidic solution, and the high-efficiency separation of vanadium and impurity ions is realized. Common vanadium analysis methods comprise acid analysis, alkali analysis and sulfur dioxide/sulfurous acid analysis, and because the solubility of pentavalent vanadium in acid is very low, acid with higher concentration is required during acid analysis, and the vanadium concentration of analysis solution is not high; the problem of alkali analysis is that alkali metal ions are introduced during the analysis, and the ammonium salt precipitation of vanadium must be further carried out to obtain the ammonium salt of vanadium, so that the amount of wastewater is generated, and the cost is high; the problem of sulfur dioxide analysis is that sulfur dioxide has strong corrosion to resin and has high corrosion to plastic pipes, so that the equipment cost is high, and the resin absorbs sulfur dioxide.
Therefore, the traditional method has three defects, and needs to solve the following problems: 1. sodium salt or ammonium salt is used for resin analysis or pH adjustment after resin analysis; 2. when ammonium salt is added during vanadium precipitation, vanadium precipitation wastewater is generated, the environment is polluted, and the treatment cost is increased; 3. when the catalyst is used for electrolyte production, vanadium oxide is obtained by further calcining and deaminating, the cost is high, and ammonia gas needs to be treated.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for producing all-vanadium redox flow battery electrolyte by using vanadium-containing solution, aiming at the problems of high vanadium loss rate, high impurity content in the electrolyte and environmental pollution existing in the existing preparation method of vanadium battery electrolyte.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a method for producing all-vanadium redox flow battery electrolyte from vanadium-containing solution comprises the following steps:
step 1, adjusting the pH value of a vanadium-containing solution, and when the vanadium-containing solution is an acidic vanadium-containing solution, adjusting the pH value to 1-3; when the vanadium-containing solution is alkaline vanadium-containing solution, adjusting the pH value to 5-10;
step 2, performing ion exchange by using resin to adsorb vanadium ions in the vanadium-containing solution, wherein the resin is anionic resin;
step 3, using acid to analyze the resin absorbed with vanadium ions to obtain vanadium-containing analysis solution;
step 4, reducing vanadium in the vanadium-containing analysis solution, and returning to the step 3 for cyclic analysis when the concentration of the vanadium is lower than a set value; and when the concentration of the vanadium is greater than or equal to a set value, obtaining the electrolyte of the all-vanadium redox flow battery.
Furthermore, the valence state of vanadium in the vanadium-containing solution is pentavalent, the concentration is 1-50g/L, and the preferred concentration is 4.5-25 g/L.
In order to ensure the adsorption capacity of the resin to ions, the pH value of the vanadium-containing solution is adjusted, the adsorption capacity of the resin to vanadium and impurity ions is synchronously reduced along with the reduction of the pH value of the vanadium-containing solution, but the reduction degree of the adsorption capacity to vanadium is lower than that of an impurity example, namely the lower the pH value is, the better the separation effect of vanadium and impurities is. For the acidic vanadium-containing solution, the acidity of the solution is high, the concentration of impurity ions is high, if the pH is adjusted to be too high, the impurity ions such as iron and aluminum begin to form precipitates, vanadium can precipitate simultaneously with the impurity ions, the yield of vanadium is reduced, a large amount of alkali is consumed, the cost is obviously improved, and the alkali brings a large amount of cations and is not beneficial to the return use of the adsorption residual liquid. For the alkaline vanadium-containing solution, because the solubility of impurity ions is limited, the impurity ions are less, and acid can be added to adjust the pH value of the solution to 5-10, and the ion exchange is directly carried out to extract vanadium.
Further, in the step 1, when the vanadium-containing solution is an acidic vanadium-containing solution, the pH value is adjusted to 1.5-2.5.
Further, in the step 1, when the vanadium-containing solution is an alkaline vanadium-containing solution, the pH value is adjusted to 6-9.
Further, the resin in the step 2 is one or more of D296, JD501, D314 and Success996 resin.
Further, the acid in step 3 is one or more of hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, methanesulfonic acid, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid and phosphoric acid. The acid concentration should satisfy: and VO2+The minimum amount of acid radicals required to form electrical neutrality by pairing, e.g. chlorine content in hydrochloric acid with VO2+Should not be less than 2: 1.
Further, the reduction in step 4 adopts: electrolytic reduction, organic chemical reduction, sulfur dioxide reduction or hydrogen sulfide reduction. Since the solubility of pentavalent vanadium in acid solution is low, the concentration of vanadium solution obtained by direct acid resolution is low, so that vanadium is reduced to be lower than tetravalent, and the resolution of vanadium can be promoted.
Further, the set value of the vanadium concentration in the step 4 is 1-3mol/L, preferably 1.5-2.5 mol/L.
Further, after the step 4, the electrolyte of the all-vanadium redox flow battery is continuously reduced to obtain the electrolyte of the all-vanadium redox flow battery with different valence states.
The invention also discloses an all-vanadium redox flow battery electrolyte prepared by adopting the method.
The invention relates to a method for producing all-vanadium redox flow battery electrolyte by using vanadium-containing solution, which comprises the following steps of extracting vanadium from pentavalent vanadium solution through ion exchange, analyzing and reducing, and carrying out alternation and continuity, thus obtaining the all-vanadium redox flow battery electrolyte, and compared with the prior art, the method has the following advantages:
1) compared with alkaline hydrolysis, the method avoids the use of sodium salt and the subsequent step of ammonium salt precipitation, reduces the generation amount of waste water, reduces the cost and optimizes the process;
2) compared with acid analysis, the process adds a reduction process, can obviously improve the vanadium concentration of the analysis solution, and thus can directly obtain the available all-vanadium redox flow battery electrolyte;
3) the sulfur dioxide analysis method can only obtain vanadyl sulfate solution, and has the defects that sulfur dioxide has serious damage to resin and plastic pipelines, meanwhile, the resin can adsorb sulfur dioxide, the heat release in the analysis process is serious, and the analysis is difficult to be smoothly carried out. The method separates the analysis and the reduction, avoids the damage of sulfur dioxide to resin and pipelines, avoids the heat release process, and can obtain the electrolyte of the all-vanadium redox flow battery with different valence states.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of the method for producing all-vanadium redox flow battery electrolyte from vanadium-containing solution according to the invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples:
example 1
The embodiment discloses a method for producing all-vanadium redox flow battery electrolyte from stone coal pickle liquor (vanadium-containing solution), which comprises the following steps:
the acid leaching solution of stone coal adopted in this example contains 5g/L of vanadium, the pH is less than 1, caustic soda flakes are added to adjust the pH to 1.5, the solution is filtered, D296 resin is used for absorbing vanadium, the solution is analyzed after saturation, and the analysis method is as follows: adopting 9mol/L hydrochloric acid for analysis to obtain vanadium-containing analysis solution (analysis water), enabling the analysis water to enter an electrolysis device, electrifying direct current to carry out electrolysis to reduce vanadium to divalent state, returning the electrolysis water to a resin tower for continuous analysis, and carrying out circulation until the concentration of vanadium in the vanadium-containing analysis solution reaches 2.5mol/L, terminating the analysis to obtain the all-vanadium redox flow battery electrolyte, wherein the detection data is shown in Table 1. And continuously electrolyzing to obtain the hydrochloric acid system all-vanadium redox flow battery electrolyte with different valence states.
TABLE 1 all vanadium redox flow battery electrolyte component content requirement and detection value of example 1
Comparative example 1
The method of this comparative example is basically the same as that of example 1, except that resin is resolved by using hydrochloric acid alone, and no reduction process is performed, and the resin is resolved:
the stone coal vanadium-containing pickle liquor adopted in the comparison example contains 5g/L of vanadium, the pH is less than 1, caustic soda flakes are added to adjust the pH to 1.5, the filtration is carried out, D296 resin is used for absorbing vanadium, the solution is analyzed after saturation, and the analysis method is as follows: and (3) resolving by adopting 9mol/L hydrochloric acid to obtain a vanadium-containing resolving solution, wherein the resolving solution detects that the concentration of vanadium is 0.44mol/L, and the vanadium is pentavalent.
Comparing example 1 with comparative example 1, it can be seen that the vanadium concentration of the desorption solution can be significantly increased in the reduction process, so that a usable all-vanadium redox flow battery electrolyte can be directly obtained.
Example 2
The embodiment discloses a method for producing all-vanadium redox flow battery electrolyte from petroleum ash alkali leaching solution (vanadium-containing solution), which comprises the following steps:
in the embodiment, the petroleum ash alkali leaching solution contains 25g/L of vanadium and has pH12, sulfuric acid is added to adjust the pH to 6, the solution is filtered, Success996 resin is used for absorbing the vanadium, and the resin is saturated and then is analyzed, wherein the analysis method comprises the following steps: adopting 4.3mol/L sulfuric acid for resolution to obtain vanadium-containing resolution solution (resolution water), enabling the resolution water to enter a reaction tank, adding sulfur dioxide to reduce vanadium to quadrivalence, stirring and heating to eliminate excessive sulfur dioxide, continuously returning the solution after reaction to a resin tower for continuous resolution, and repeating the steps until the concentration of vanadium in the vanadium-containing resolution solution reaches 1.7mol/L, and stopping resolution to obtain the sulfuric acid system all-vanadium redox flow battery electrolyte with vanadium of 4-5 valence.
Example 3
The embodiment discloses a method for producing all-vanadium redox flow battery electrolyte by using vanadium-containing solution, which comprises the following steps:
in this embodiment, the acid leaching solution containing vanadium contains 4.5g/L vanadium, caustic soda flakes are added to adjust the pH to 2.5, the solution is filtered, D314 resin is used to adsorb vanadium, and the solution is analyzed after saturation, and the analysis method is as follows: and (3) resolving by adopting 3mol/L methanesulfonic acid to obtain a vanadium-containing resolving solution (resolving water), feeding the vanadium-containing resolving solution into a reaction tank, adding glucose to reduce vanadium to quadrivalence, returning the solution after the reduction reaction to a resin tower to continue resolving, and circularly performing until the concentration of vanadium in the vanadium-containing resolving solution reaches 1.6mol/L, and stopping resolving to obtain the methanesulfonic acid system all-vanadium redox flow battery electrolyte with the valence of 4-5.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A method for producing all-vanadium redox flow battery electrolyte from vanadium-containing solution is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, adjusting the pH value of the vanadium-containing solution, and when the vanadium-containing solution is an acidic vanadium-containing solution, adjusting the pH value to 1.5-2.5; when the vanadium-containing solution is alkaline vanadium-containing solution, adjusting the pH value to 6-9;
step 2, performing ion exchange by using resin to adsorb vanadium ions in the vanadium-containing solution; the resin in the step 2 is one or more of D296, JD501, D314 and Success996 resin;
step 3, using acid to resolve the resin absorbed with vanadium ions to obtain a vanadium-containing resolving solution, wherein the acid concentration satisfies the following conditions: and VO2+The minimum amount of acid groups required for pairing to form electroneutrality; the acid in the step 3 is one or more of hydrochloric acid, methanesulfonic acid, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid and phosphoric acid;
step 4, reducing vanadium in the vanadium-containing analysis solution, and returning to the step 3 for cyclic analysis when the concentration of the vanadium is lower than a set value; when the concentration of vanadium is greater than or equal to a set value, obtaining the electrolyte of the all-vanadium redox flow battery; and 4, the reduction adopts the following steps: electrolytic reduction, organic chemical reduction or hydrogen sulfide reduction; the set value of the vanadium concentration is 1-3 mol/L;
and 4, continuously reducing the electrolyte of the all-vanadium redox flow battery to obtain the electrolyte of the all-vanadium redox flow battery with different valence states.
2. The method for producing the electrolyte of the all-vanadium flow battery from the solution containing vanadium according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of vanadium in the solution containing vanadium in the step 1 is 1-50 g/L.
3. The all-vanadium redox flow battery electrolyte is characterized by being prepared by the method for producing the all-vanadium redox flow battery electrolyte from the vanadium-containing solution according to any one of claims 1-2.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102683733A (en) * | 2012-04-12 | 2012-09-19 | 广州有色金属研究院 | Preparation method for vanadyl sulfate electrolyte of all-vanadium flow battery |
| CN103427104A (en) * | 2013-08-13 | 2013-12-04 | 陕西中嘉投资管理有限公司 | Method for using leaching agent containing vanadium to prepare vanadium battery electrolyte |
| CN105895947A (en) * | 2016-04-25 | 2016-08-24 | 陈友根 | Preparation method for vanadium battery electrolyte |
| CN106129442A (en) * | 2016-07-05 | 2016-11-16 | 河北钢铁股份有限公司承德分公司 | A kind of method utilizing resins exchange and chemical precipitation combination to prepare all-vanadium redox flow battery electrolyte |
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Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102683733A (en) * | 2012-04-12 | 2012-09-19 | 广州有色金属研究院 | Preparation method for vanadyl sulfate electrolyte of all-vanadium flow battery |
| CN103427104A (en) * | 2013-08-13 | 2013-12-04 | 陕西中嘉投资管理有限公司 | Method for using leaching agent containing vanadium to prepare vanadium battery electrolyte |
| CN105895947A (en) * | 2016-04-25 | 2016-08-24 | 陈友根 | Preparation method for vanadium battery electrolyte |
| CN106129442A (en) * | 2016-07-05 | 2016-11-16 | 河北钢铁股份有限公司承德分公司 | A kind of method utilizing resins exchange and chemical precipitation combination to prepare all-vanadium redox flow battery electrolyte |
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