CN108280773B - A method of differentiating that ground section staple food crop fits water plantation - Google Patents
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of methods for differentiating ground section staple food crop and fitting water plantation, comprising: divides region；Crop divides；Cereal crops water requirement is calculated by ten days；Effective precipitation in cereal crops growth period is calculated by ten days；Irrigation requirement calculates；Production estimation element characteristic vector analysis；Normalization；Suitable water plantation is judged.The present invention is theoretical based on virtual water, water footprints, the discrimination formula that staple food crop fits water plantation is established with Hierarchy Analysis Method, and the method for differentiating that ground section staple food crop fits water plantation is proposed using the formula, objective, comprehensive reflection grain-production and water resource use, that is effective rainfall and duty, space characteristics are that the rationalization utilization of agricultural water resources and staple food crop fit water planting structure distribution and provide scientific basis.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of methods for differentiating ground section staple food crop and fitting water plantation, are a kind of cereal crops production
The method of water resources rational use is a kind of rationally to control the method used with configuring area cereal crops irrigation water.
Background technique
As population increases the continuous promotion with living standards of the people, grain demand amount be will be further increased, agricultural development
It is faced with the challenge that more grains are produced with limited water resources.Water consumption is needed by suitable water plantation, reduction cereal crops production, it is special
It is not blue water demand, the grain production capacity for improving folk prescription water is the root for alleviating regional water resources pressure and Ensuring Food Safety
This measure.
In recent years, the utilization of the water resources such as virtual water, water footprints and management theory method, provide for agricultural water resources management
New thinking.A kind of measuring method of grain production water footprint of region (Wu Pute, 2013) calculates the indigo plant in grain-production
The method (Ma Jing, 2014) of water footprints and clear water footprint, a kind of calculating ground section fictitious flow momentum analyzes Agricultural Water money
The transregional flow in source.Still lack grain-production to clear water, Lan Shui, production investment and output spatial framework relative quantification at present
Method of discrimination lacks and agricultural production, water resources management and policymaker is allowed intuitively to differentiate cereal crops space planting structure distribution and optimization
Quick method.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the problems of the prior art, the invention proposes a kind of differentiation ground section staple food crops to fit water plantation
Method.Ratio, production cost, cost of land, the per unit area yield synthesis that the method accounts for water requirement using water requirement, irrigation volume are sentenced
The space characteristics and its adaptability of disconnected plant of grain crops for optimization cereal crops space layout, control and reduce grain-production
Irrigation water capacity provides help.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this: a method of differentiating that ground section staple food crop fits water plantation, institute
The step of stating method is as follows:
The step of dividing region: it is drawn according to extensive area is sorted out the characteristics of landform, weather, socio-economic development situation
It is divided into several survey regions；Collect each survey region staple food crop breeding time, meteorological data relevant to breeding time, rainfall
Data；
The step of crop divides: cereal crops are divided into i class cereal crops, and i is natural number, represent rice, wheat, jade
One of rice, sorghum, sweet potato, sweet potato, purple sweet potato；
The step of calculating cereal crops water requirement by ten days:
Survey region is calculated by the i class cereal crops evapotranspiration in ten days by formulaET 0:
Wherein: Δ is saturation vapour pressure-temperature curve slope；R n For the net radiation for inputting crop canopies；GFor gain of heat soil
The energy of consumption；γFor hygrometer constant；TFor temperature on average；U 2For 2m high wind speed；e a For saturation vapour pressure；e d For actual observation
Vapour pressure；
Survey region is calculated by the group cereal crops water requirement in ten days by formulaET i :
ET i = ET 0×Kc i
Wherein:Kc i For i kind cereal crops coefficient；
The step of calculating effective precipitation in cereal crops growth period by ten days: with the ten days precipitation of meteorological site each in region
Based on, areal rainfall is calculated with Thiessen polygon method, in conjunction with the water demand of crop in ten days, zoning difference cereal crops breeding time
Interior effectiv precipitation:
PE i = f(P)=min(P,PE i )
In formula,PIt is survey region by ten days precipitation magnitude；PE i For the effectiv precipitation of each subregion i kind cereal crops；
The step of irrigation requirement calculates: the effective rainfall in growth period, insufficient section are drawn in cereal crops growth first
It is supplemented again by duty:
In formula,IR i For the irrigation requirement of each i-th kind of cereal crops of subregion；
The step of irrigation water accounting calculates: irrigation water proportion in water requirementCalculating:
；
The step of production estimation element characteristic vector analysis:, investment small, output greatly criterion few with water consumption utilizes
Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) carries out comprehensive diagnos to the complicated cereal crops production system of multiple target, multiple criteria, amorphousness, according to grain
Classification and level between each production factors of crop carry out organic assembling and distinguishing hierarchy, progressive hierarchical structure are established, using two
Grade index judgment matrix group acquires integration objective maximum, step analysis matrix:
The first order: including production water requirement, production investment, production output three classes index, for saving using water resource, increasing
For production increases income, on the one hand expectation production water requirement is small, output is big, and the two is slightly more important than the latter compared to the former；On the one hand it is expected
Production investment is small, output is big, and the two is suitable compared to importance, judgment matrix A are as follows:
；
The second level: it including producing water requirement, three investment, output index matrixs, is analyzed using matrix group, water requirement
Matrix includes grain-production water requirement ET and irrigation water accounting two indices, it is expected that cereal crops breeding time ET value is small, irrigation water
The ratio for accounting for ET is low, and with the shortage of agricultural production water amount, the significance level of two indices is suitable, judgment matrix are as follows:；
Absorption matrix includes production cost, cost of land two indices, it is expected that production cost is small, cost of land is small, index
Importance ranking be a little higher than cost of land of production cost, judgment matrix:
；
To matrixB 1、B 2Maximum characteristic root calculating is carried out, determines its corresponding feature vector；
Normalized step:, investment small, output greatly criterion few with water requirement chooses element standard value, wherein ET, irrigate
Water accounting, production cost, cost of land use standard value divided by various regions actual value as after normalizing using minimum value as standard value
Standardized value, major product yield use standardization of the various regions actual value divided by standard value as after normalizing to be up to standard value
Value；
The step of suitable water plantation is judged: water is fitted using the multiple cereal crops of following formula calculating and plants comprehensive scoreVValue:
In formula,Water, which is fitted, for crop i plants comprehensive score；For the standard value of crop i water requirement；For crop i
The actual value of water requirement；For the standard value of crop i irrigation water accounting；For the actual value of crop i irrigation water accounting；For the standard value of crop i production cost per acre；For the actual value of crop i production cost per acre；It is every for crop i
The standard value of mu cost of land；For the actual value of crop i cost of land per acre；For the mark of crop i grain yield per acre
Quasi- value；For the actual value of crop i grain yield per acre；
It will be multipleVValue is ranked up, and is drawn respectively eachVThe decline curve of value, according to V value slope of curve constant interval, knot
The actual conditions of survey region cereal crops are closed, analyzes and determines that the suitable water of survey region plants combination distinguishing section.
The beneficial effect comprise that: the present invention is based on virtual water, water footprints theory, build with Hierarchy Analysis Method
Vertical staple food crop fits the discrimination formula of water plantation, and proposes differentiation ground section staple food crop using the formula and fit water
The method of plantation.The method is objective, comprehensive reflection grain-production and water resource use, i.e. effective rainfall and duty,
Space characteristics are that the rationalization utilization of agricultural water resources and staple food crop fit water planting structure distribution and provide scientific basis.
Detailed description of the invention
Present invention will be further explained below with reference to the attached drawings and examples.
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the embodiment of the present invention the method；
Fig. 2 is the decline curve schematic diagram of the suitable water plantation integrated value of the wheat in application example of the invention.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment:
The present embodiment is a kind of method for differentiating ground section staple food crop and fitting water plantation, and process is as shown in Figure 1.This reality
Example is applied to be calculated according to meteorological data or water resource assets irrigation requirement inquiry system is combined to obtain crop water, Lan Shuizhan
Than building in conjunction with " national agricultural product cost-benefit data compilation " production cost, cost of land, major product yield data of China
Vertical staple food crop fits the discrimination formula of water plantation, and it is real that the suitable water of analysis staple food crop spatially, which plants feature,
It now makes full use of clear water, save using blue water, reasonably optimizing grain-production space layout and Agricultural Water safety analysis offer skill
Art support.
The present embodiment is few with water consumption, investment is small, and output greatly target is arranged suitable water and plants discriminant criterion, and water consumption lacks mesh
Mark is lower to account for two indexs of ET ratio using cereal crops Evapotranspiration ET (mm) He Lanshui, uses and is produced under investment Small object
Originally, two indexs of cost of land, output is lower greatly to use one Xiang Zhibiao of major product yield, but is not limited only to this several targets, studies
Person flexibly can increase the element that need to be considered with needs according to the actual situation, reasonably adjust to matrix.
The method detailed process and steps are as follows, the present embodiment is divided with the national areas of China and agricultural crops are
Example:
1, crop water demand calculation
(1) whole nation is divided into several regions first, in accordance with the features such as landform, weather, socio-economic development situation.It collects
Each region staple food crop breeding time, meteorological data relevant to breeding time, rainfall data etc..Staple food crop can be divided into
Rice further can be subdivided into early rice, semilate rice and late rice as needed by rice, wheat, corn, other cereal, potato etc., small
Wheat is subdivided into winter wheat, spring wheat, and corn is subdivided into spring maize, summer corn.
(2) object is allocated as by the gross water requirement calculated in ten days in breeding time.By Penman formula (Penman-Menteith) based on ten days
The cereal crops evapotranspiration in the area Suan GeET 0, in conjunction with crop coefficient obtain in different cereal crops breeding times by ten days water requirement.
(1)
(2)
In formula, Δ is saturation vapour pressure-temperature curve slope；R n For the net radiation for inputting crop canopies；GFor gain of heat soil
The energy of consumption；γFor hygrometer constant；TFor temperature on average；U 2For 2m high wind speed；e a For saturation vapour pressure；e d For actual observation
Vapour pressure；Kc i For i kind cereal crops coefficient；It is i kind cereal crops by the water requirement in ten days, unit。
(3) object is allocated as by the effectiv precipitation calculated in ten days in breeding time.Ten days precipitation with meteorological site each in region is
Basis calculates areal rainfall with Thiessen polygon method, in conjunction with the water demand of crop in ten days, in zoning difference cereal crops breeding time
Effectiv precipitation.
(3)
In formula,It is subregion by ten days precipitation magnitude, unit；For the effective precipitation of each subregion i kind cereal crops
Amount, unit。
(4) irrigation requirement calculates.Effective rainfall (the clear water in growth period is drawn in cereal crops growth first), no
Foot point is again by duty (Lan Shui) supplement.
(4)
In formula,For the irrigation requirement of each subregion i kind cereal crops, unit。
(5) different cereal crops indigo plant water (irrigation water) accountingsIt calculates
(5)
2, the production estimation element characteristic vector analysis based on analytic hierarchy process (AHP):
(1) few with water consumption, small, the output greatly criterion of investment, using analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to multiple target, multiple criteria, without knot
The complicated grain biological production system of structure carries out comprehensive diagnos, according to the classification and level between each production factors of cereal crops,
Organic assembling and distinguishing hierarchy are carried out, establishes progressive hierarchical structure, index judgment matrix group acquires integration objective most using two-stage
Greatly.Step analysis scale meaning is listed in table 1.
1 step analysis scale meaning of table
(2) two-stage index judgment matrix group is as follows:
The first order: including production water requirement, production investment, production output three classes index.For saving using water resource, increasing
For production increases income, on the one hand expectation production water requirement is small, output is big, and the two is slightly more important than the latter compared to the former；On the one hand it is expected
Production investment is small, output is big, and the two is suitable compared to importance, according to the standard (table one) of weight analysis, judgment matrix A are as follows:
The second level: it including producing water requirement, three investment, output index matrixs, is analyzed using matrix group.Water requirement
Matrix includes grain-production water requirement ET(mm) and irrigation water accounting two indices, it is expected that cereal crops breeding time ET value is small, filling
Irrigate water account for ET ratio it is low, with the shortage of agricultural production water amount, the significance level of two indices is suitable, and judgment matrix is such asIt is shown.Absorption matrix includes production cost (member/mu), cost of land (member/mu) two indices, it is expected that production cost is small, soil
Ground cost is small, and index importance is ordered as a little higher than cost of land of production cost, and judgment matrix is such asIt is shown.Output matrix is only
There is major product yield (kg/hm2) index.
(3) Maximum characteristic root calculating is carried out to above-mentioned matrix, determines its corresponding feature vector (table 2).
2 target layers structure of table and weight score value
3, normalization is judged with the plantation of suitable water:
(1) few with water requirement, the small, output of investment greatly criterion chooses element standard value, wherein ET, irrigation water accounting, life
Cost, cost of land are produced using minimum value as standard value, uses standardized value of the standard value divided by various regions actual value as after normalizing,
Major product yield uses standardized value of the various regions actual value divided by standard value as after normalizing to be up to standard value.Lacking
Basic data or in the case of not having special high request to calculated result, each element standard value can be used Crop in China in 2015 and produce
The analog value in area calculates (table 3).
3 2015 years cereal crops production factors indicators standard values of table
Crop based on analytic hierarchy process (AHP) fits water and plants discrimination formula:
(6)
In formula,Water, which is fitted, for crop i plants comprehensive score, dimensionless；Standard value for crop i water requirement (takes most
Small value), unit mm,For the actual value of crop i water requirement, unit mm；For the standard value of crop i irrigation water accounting
(being minimized), dimensionless；For the actual value of crop i irrigation water accounting, dimensionless；For crop i production cost per acre
Standard value (being minimized), identical element/mu；For the actual value of crop i production cost per acre, identical element/mu；For
The standard value (being minimized) of crop i cost of land per acre, identical element/mu；For the actual value of crop i cost of land per acre,
Identical element/mu；For the standard value (being maximized) of crop i grain yield per acre, units/kg/hm2；Per acre for crop i
The actual value of grain yield, units/kg/hm2。
(2) staple food crop is fitted water implanting and is differentiated:
Rice, the wheat, corn crop overall merit that Chinese main food production in 2015 saves are calculated using formula (6)
It is worth (V value) and is as a result listed in table 4 by sorting from large to small, the decline curve of three kinds of cereal crops V values is drawn respectively, according to V value
Slope of curve constant interval saves the practical feelings with grain ration (paddy and wheat) big producing province in conjunction with 13 grain main products of China
Condition is analyzed and determines suitable water plantation comprehensive distinguishing section (referring to fig. 2), and rice, wheat, corn crop fit water plantation and differentiate section column
In table 5.
Table grain-production in 4 2015 years saves suitable water plantation integrated value and analyzes result
5 staple food crop of table fits water plantation integrated value V and differentiates section
Table 5 gives three kinds of crops in the range of the hydrophile of CHINESE REGION.For directly calculating V between a certain area
Value, and by table 5 can obtain this area whether suitable planting rice, wheat or corn.If increase the type of crop, or
Person changes survey region, and the method, can obtain larger range of comprehensive conclusion through this embodiment.
Finally it should be noted that being only used to illustrate the technical scheme of the present invention and not to limit it above, although referring to preferable cloth
The scheme of setting describes the invention in detail, those skilled in the art should understand that, it can be to technology of the invention
Scheme (such as regional division mode, utilization, the sequencing of step of various formula etc.) is modified or replaced equivalently,
Without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of the step of method for differentiating ground section staple food crop and fitting water plantation, the method, is as follows:
The step of dividing region: extensive area classification is divided into according to the characteristics of landform, weather, socio-economic development situation
Several survey regions；Collect each survey region staple food crop breeding time, meteorological data relevant to breeding time, rainfall money
Material；
The step of crop divides: cereal crops are divided into i class cereal crops, and i is natural number, represent rice, wheat, corn, height
One of fine strain of millet, sweet potato, sweet potato, purple sweet potato；
The step of calculating cereal crops water requirement by ten days:
Survey region is calculated by the i class cereal crops evapotranspiration in ten days by formulaET 0:
Wherein: Δ is saturation vapour pressure-temperature curve slope；R n For the net radiation for inputting crop canopies；GFor the consumption of gain of heat soil
Energy；γFor hygrometer constant；TFor temperature on average；U 2For 2m high wind speed；e a For saturation vapour pressure；e d For actual observation steam
Pressure；
Survey region is calculated by the group cereal crops water requirement in ten days by formulaET i :
ET i = ET 0×Kc i
Wherein:Kc i For i kind cereal crops coefficient；
By ten days calculate cereal crops growth period in effective precipitation the step of: using meteorological site each in region ten days precipitation as base
Plinth calculates areal rainfall with Thiessen polygon method, in conjunction with the water demand of crop in ten days, in zoning difference cereal crops breeding time
Effectiv precipitation:
PE i = f(P)=min(P,PE i )
In formula,PIt is survey region by ten days precipitation magnitude；PE i For the effectiv precipitation of each subregion i kind cereal crops；
The step of irrigation requirement calculates: effective rainfall in growth period is drawn in cereal crops growth first, insufficient section again by
Duty supplement:
In formula,IR i For the irrigation requirement of each i-th kind of cereal crops of subregion；
The step of irrigation water accounting calculates: irrigation water proportion in water requirementCalculating:
；
It is characterized in that,
The step of production estimation element characteristic vector analysis:, investment small, output greatly criterion few with water consumption utilizes level
Analytic approach carries out comprehensive diagnos to the complicated grain biological production system of multiple target, multiple criteria, amorphousness, each according to cereal crops
Classification and level between production factors carry out organic assembling and distinguishing hierarchy, progressive hierarchical structure are established, using two-stage index
Judgment matrix group acquires integration objective maximum, step analysis matrix:
The first order: including production water requirement, production investment, production output three classes index, increased for saving using water resource, volume increase
For receipts, on the one hand expectation production water requirement is small, output is big, and the two is slightly more important than the latter compared to the former；On the one hand expectation production
Put into that small, output is big, the two is suitable compared to importance, judgment matrix A are as follows:
；
The second level: it including producing water requirement, three investment, output index matrixs, is analyzed using matrix group, water requirement matrix
Including grain-production water requirement ET and irrigation water accounting two indices, it is expected that cereal crops breeding time ET value is small, irrigation water accounts for ET
Ratio it is low, with the shortage of agricultural production water amount, the significance level of two indices is suitable, judgment matrix are as follows:；
Absorption matrix includes production cost, cost of land two indices, it is expected that production cost is small, cost of land is small, and index is important
Property is ordered as a little higher than cost of land of production cost, judgment matrix:
；
To matrixB 1、B 2Maximum characteristic root calculating is carried out, determines its corresponding feature vector；
Normalized step:, investment small, output greatly criterion few with water requirement chooses element standard value, and wherein ET, irrigation water account for
Than, production cost, cost of land using minimum value as standard value, use standard value divided by various regions actual value as normalization after standard
Change value, major product yield use standardized value of the various regions actual value divided by standard value as after normalizing to be up to standard value；
The step of suitable water plantation is judged: water is fitted using the multiple cereal crops of following formula calculating and plants comprehensive scoreVValue:
In formula:Water, which is fitted, for crop i plants comprehensive score；For the standard value of crop i water requirement；Water is needed for crop i
The actual value of amount；For the standard value of crop i irrigation water accounting；For the actual value of crop i irrigation water accounting；For
The standard value of crop i production cost per acre；For the actual value of crop i production cost per acre；For the soil per acre crop i
The standard value of cost；For the actual value of crop i cost of land per acre；For the standard value of crop i grain yield per acre；For the actual value of crop i grain yield per acre；
It will be multipleVValue is ranked up, and is drawn respectively eachVThe decline curve of value, according to V value slope of curve constant interval, in conjunction with grinding
Study carefully the actual conditions of region cereal crops, analyzes and determine that the suitable water of survey region plants combination distinguishing section.
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| CN110580657B (en) * | 2019-10-12 | 2020-06-16 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Agricultural irrigation water demand prediction method |
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