CN108279865A - A kind of quantum random number generator and quantum random number generation method - Google Patents
A kind of quantum random number generator and quantum random number generation method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of quantum random number generator and quantum random number generation methods.Quantum random number generator therein includes：Light source, quadrature component selector, homodyne detector and analog-digital converter.It can ensure the correctness in source while obtaining random number using the present invention, but also may be implemented not do any hypothesis to source.
Description
Technical field
This application involves quantum information field of communication technology more particularly to a kind of quantum random number generator and quantum are random
Number generation method.
Background technology
In advanced information society, random number plays important in every field such as economy, science, national defence, industrial productions
Role.Specifically, the various aspects such as gambling in the emulation of statistical analysis, industry and scientific domain, cryptography, life
There is very important application.Classical method can only generate pseudo random number, and from its principle, pseudorandom is actually
" looking like " random number.Although under current scientific and technological level, within the limited time, only very small possibility
The difference between pseudo random number and true random number is distinguished, but essentially their entropy is different, thus very
It is multi-field directly to use pseudo random number.For example, cannot directly use pseudo random number in safety communication field, otherwise
It will be unable to ensure the absolute safety of communication.
According to the randomness of physical process, such as：Use the heat of the noise of electronic component, nuclear fission cosmic noise, circuit
Noise, radioactive decay etc. can generate random number.But although the random number generated in this way will not be with calculating energy
The development of power and generate security risk, but its randomness does not still obtain strong guarantee inherently.
According to quantum-mechanical basic principle, quantum random number generator can generate true random number.Past more than ten
Nian Jian has many quantum random number generator schemes to be suggested, for example utilizes single photon detection, quantum nonlocality and vacuum
The characteristics such as the statistic fluctuation of state and the scheme that generates true random number have all experimentally succeeded.Meanwhile business quantum with
Machine number generator, such as ID-Quantique system, come into market.But various quantum in the prior art are random
Number producer is all inevitably depended on to model it is assumed that and perfectly requiring apparatus.
In numerous quantum random number generators, the scheme of single photon detection is simplest.Single photon detection quantum with
Machine number producer includes mainly two parts：Source and measuring device.In single photon detection quantum random number generator, source is to survey
Detector in amount device sends out the state of Z basic vectors, and then detector is measured using X basic vectors.As previously mentioned, according to quantum
The basic principle of mechanics, the result that detector obtains are true random number.But in this scenario, if source does not include randomness
(for example, source randomly sends out the eigenstate of X basic vectors), then it is random that the result measured, which looks, but it is practical
On be determined in advance, and do not include any randomness.Thus, it can be known that single photon detection in the prior art is random
In number producer, the randomness in source is very crucial.
However in practical applications, it is difficult to ensure that source includes enough quantum randomness in actual scene.So thus
And the random number generated is not also ensured effectively.
Invention content
In view of this, the present invention provides a kind of quantum random number generator and quantum random number generation method, so as to
To ensure the correctness in source while obtaining random number, but also may be implemented not do any hypothesis to source.
What technical scheme of the present invention was specifically realized in：
A kind of quantum random number generator, the quantum random number generator include：Light source, quadrature component selector, homodyne
Detector and analog-digital converter；
Wherein, the homodyne detector includes：Beam splitter, the first detector, the second detector and subtracter；
The light source, for generating continuous light, and by continuous light output to quadrature component selector；
The quadrature component selector selects a preset phase for carrying out phase-modulation to the continuous light received
Position is attached on the continuous light, and by the first input end of the continuous light output after phase-modulation to beam splitter；
Second input terminal of the beam splitter is for receiving signal light, the first output end of the beam splitter and the second output
End is connect with the first detector and the second detector respectively；Continuous light after the phase-modulation that the beam splitter is used to be received
And signal light is divided into two-beam signal, wherein a branch of optical signal is exported to the first detector, another beam optical signal is exported to
Two detectors；
The output end of first detector and the second detector is connect with subtracter respectively；
First detector, for the optical signal received to be converted into the first current signal and is output this to described
The first input end of subtracter；
Second detector, for the optical signal received to be converted into the second current signal and is output this to described
Second input terminal of subtracter；
The subtracter, for exporting the difference of received the first current signal and the second current signal to modulus
Converter；
The analog-digital converter is converted into discrete digital signal for the difference.
Preferably, the quantum random number generator still further comprises：Preprocessor；
The preprocessor is for post-processing the digital signal, the digital signal that generates that treated.
Preferably, the light source is local resonator.
The present invention also provides a kind of quantum random number generation methods, and this method comprises the following steps：
Use the continuous light of light source output；
Phase-modulation is carried out to the continuous light；
By after phase-modulation continuous light and signal light output be divided into two-beam to a beam splitter, and by the beam splitter
Signal is exported respectively to the first detector and the second detector；
The optical signal received is converted into the first current signal and the first electricity by the first detector and the second detector respectively
Flow signal；
The difference of first current signal and the second current signal is converted into discrete digital signal.
Preferably, this method still further comprises：
Obtained digital signal is post-processed, using the digital signal after post-processing as quantum random number.
Preferably, this method still further comprises：
Obtained digital signal is post-processed, obtained digital signal will be made in preset first time period
For quantum random number, will in preset second time period obtained digital signal as verify data；
Randomness test is carried out according to the verify data.
Preferably, described include to the continuous light progress phase-modulation：
Phase-modulation is carried out to the continuous light received by quadrature component selector, selects a preset phase additional
On the continuous light.
As seen from the above technical solution, in the inventive solutions, due to the use of above-mentioned light source, quadrature component
Selector, homodyne detector and analog-digital converter, so as to ensure the correctness in source while obtaining random number, but also
It may be implemented not do any hypothesis to source (i.e. source is unrelated).In addition, due to using continuous variable in the inventive solutions
Information is transmitted, therefore increases the information content of each photon carrying to increase random number generation rate.In addition, the skill in the present invention
Art scheme ensure that the randomness for ultimately generating random number by uncertainty relationship this quantum mechanics philosophy.In addition, by
Using homodyne detector instead of single-photon detector in the prior art in the present invention, to substantially reduce into
This.In addition to this, the technical solution in the present invention may also reach up the speed of Gbps ranks, have very high practical value.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of the quantum random number generator in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the flow chart of the quantum random number generation method in the embodiment of the present invention.
Specific implementation mode
To make technical scheme of the present invention and advantage be more clearly understood, below in conjunction with drawings and the specific embodiments, to this
Invention is described in further detail.
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of the quantum random number generator in the embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in Figure 1, the quantum random number generator in the embodiment of the present invention includes：Light source 11, quadrature component selector
12, homodyne detector (homodyne detection) 13 and analog-digital converter 14；
Wherein, the homodyne detector 13 includes：Beam splitter 131, the first detector 132, the second detector 133 and subtraction
Device 134；
The light source 11, for generating continuous light, and by continuous light output to quadrature component selector 12；
The quadrature component selector 12, for carrying out phase-modulation to the continuous light received, selection one is preset
Phase (for example, 0 or π) is attached on the continuous light, and by the continuous light output after phase-modulation to the first of beam splitter 131
Input terminal；
Second input terminal of the beam splitter 131 is for receiving signal light, the first output end of the beam splitter 131 and the
Two output ends are connect with the first detector 132 and the second detector 133 respectively；The phase that the beam splitter 131 is used to be received
The modulated continuous light in position and signal light are divided into two-beam signal, wherein a branch of optical signal is exported to the first detector 132, separately
A branch of optical signal is exported to the second detector 133；
The output end of first detector 132 and the second detector 133 is connect with subtracter 134 respectively；
First detector 132, for the optical signal received to be converted into the first current signal and is output this to
The first input end of the subtracter 134；
Second detector 133, for the optical signal received to be converted into the second current signal and is output this to
Second input terminal of the subtracter 134；
The subtracter 134, for by the difference of received the first current signal and the second current signal export to
Analog-digital converter 14；
The analog-digital converter 14 is converted into discrete digital signal for the difference.
In addition, in the inventive solutions, it is contemplated that in actual application environment, above-mentioned quantum random number generator
In be likely due to the influence of ambient enviroment and introduce some classical randomnesss so that listener-in is possible to steal the part
Randomness, and hence it is also possible to further consider that the digital signal exported to analog-digital converter post-processes, further to carry
The randomness of high obtained digital signal.
For example, preferably, in a specific embodiment of the present invention, the quantum random number generator can also be wrapped further
It includes：Preprocessor (not shown)；
The preprocessor is for post-processing the digital signal, the digital signal that generates that treated.
By above-mentioned preprocessor, the digital signal after analog-to-digital conversion can be post-processed, it would be possible to be introduced into
Classical randomness in quantum random number generator is weeded out out of total randomness, to obtain real quantum random number
(i.e. treated digital signal).
In addition, in the inventive solutions, above-mentioned preprocessor can use commonly used in the art to number
The equipment for after-treatment that signal is post-processed, therefore details are not described herein.
From the foregoing, it will be observed that in the above-mentioned quantum random number generator of the present invention, quadrature component selector can be to receiving
Continuous light carry out phase-modulation, that is, select a preset phase (for example, preset phase can be 0 or π) be attached to institute
It states on continuous light.After continuous light after the phase-modulation is output to beam splitter, it will will be generated with signal light at beam splitter dry
It relates to, and the optical signal generated after interference will be divided into two-beam signal by beam splitter and be exported respectively to the first detector and second
Detector.Therefore, only a suitable phase need to be selected to be modulated continuous light at above-mentioned quadrature component selector, i.e.,
The controllable physical quantity exported from the first detector and the second detector.So be equivalent to can for above-mentioned quadrature component selector
To randomly choose one-component from two quadrature components of the continuous light received (for example, X-component and P components of continuous light)
As measurand.It therefore, can be when quadrature component selector selects the one-component of continuous light, by analog-digital converter institute
Initial data of the digital signal of output as quantum random number or quantum random number；And it is selected in addition in quadrature component selector
When one-component, the digital signal that analog-digital converter is exported is for carrying out randomness test.
For example, it is assumed that quadrature component selector it is selected be continuous light X-component and P components the two are mutually orthogonal
Component, and assume that quadrature component selector in [t0, t1] this period selected component is X-component, and [t1, t2] this
A period selected component is P components, then the number that can be exported analog-digital converter in [t0, t1] this period
Initial data of the signal as quantum random number or quantum random number, and by analog-digital converter in [t1, t2] this period institute
The digital signal of output is for carrying out randomness test.
For example, in practical applications, the Shannon entropy (Shannon entropy) of measuring device can be calculated：H(P).Profit
With the uncertainty relationship in quantum mechanics：Two physical quantity A that commutation rejection is zero and B has uncertainty relationship H (X)+H (P)
>=C, (C is constant), we can obtain the randomness of at least H (X) >=C-H (P).These randomnesss need not do light source
It is any it is assumed that thus, it can be known that the randomness and light source of the random number that the above-mentioned quantum random number generator in the present invention is generated
It is unrelated.
It follows that in above-mentioned quantum random number generator, due to the use of light source, quadrature component selector and homodyne
Detector, therefore be the equal of using continuous variable to transmit information, and random number is generated by the measurement to continuous variable,
Therefore the information increased entrained by each photon greatly improves into code check to increase the generation rate of random number.Separately
Outside, above-mentioned quantum random number generator can utilize a quadrature component (for example, X-component of continuous light) to measure uncertain
The lower bound for spending the uncertainty to determine another quadrature component (for example, P components of continuous light) measurement, can be by uncertain
It is related to this quantum mechanics philosophy to ensure the truly random property of the random number finally generated, and is not based on to random
Number generator source is portrayed, so as to the true random number that generating source is unrelated.
In addition, having used homodyne detector in quantum random number generator in the present invention to substitute in the prior art often
The single-photon detector used, to which the production cost of equipment can also be substantially reduced.
In addition, preferably, in a specific embodiment of the present invention, the light source can be local resonator.
In addition, according to above-mentioned quantum random number generator provided by the invention, the present invention also provides corresponding quantum with
Machine number generation method, specifically refers to Fig. 2.
Fig. 2 is the flow chart of the quantum random number generation method in the embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in Fig. 2, the quantum random number generation method includes step as described below：
Step 201, using the continuous light of light source output.
For example, preferably, in a specific embodiment of the present invention, the light source can be local resonator.
Step 202, phase-modulation is carried out to the continuous light.
For example, preferably, in a specific embodiment of the present invention, company that can be by quadrature component selector to receiving
Continuous light carries out phase-modulation, that is, selects a preset phase (for example, preset phase can be 0 or π) to be attached to the company
On continuous light, one-component is randomly choosed from two orthogonal physical quantitys of continuous light as measurand to be equivalent to.
For example, preferably, in a specific embodiment of the present invention, described two orthogonal physical quantitys can be：Continuous light
X-component and P components.Quadrature component selector can randomly choose one-component as quilt from the two orthogonal physical quantitys
Survey physical quantity.
Step 203, by after phase-modulation continuous light and signal light output to a beam splitter, and pass through the beam splitter point
It is exported respectively to the first detector and the second detector at two-beam signal.
It, can will be after quadrature component selector carries out phase-modulation for example, preferably, in a specific embodiment of the present invention
Continuous light and signal light be input to a beam splitter, then the beam splitter by after the phase-modulation received continuous light and
Signal light is divided into two-beam signal, is exported respectively to the first detector and the second detector.
Step 204, the optical signal received is converted into the first current signal by the first detector and the second detector respectively
With the first current signal.
Step 205, the difference of the first current signal and the second current signal is converted into discrete digital signal.
For example, preferably, in a specific embodiment of the present invention, the first detector and the second detector can be respectively by institutes
The optical signal of reception is converted into the first current signal and the second current signal and exports to a subtracter, and then the subtracter can
Exporting the difference of received the first current signal and the second current signal to an analog-digital converter, then pass through again
The difference is converted into discrete digital signal by the analog-digital converter.
Through the above steps 201~205, you can obtain corresponding digital signal, and using the digital signal as quantum
The initial data of random number or quantum random number.
In addition, preferably, in one particular embodiment of the present invention, after above-mentioned steps 205, quantum of the invention
Random digit generation method can further include：
Step 206, obtained digital signal is post-processed, using the digital signal after post-processing as quantum with
Machine number.
In addition, in the inventive solutions, digital signal obtained above can also be used to obtained quantum
The randomness of random number is verified.
For example, it is assumed that in step 202 it is selected be continuous light the two mutually orthogonal point of X-component and P components
Amount, and assume in [t0, t1] this period selected component to be X-component, and this period is selected at [t1, t2]
Component is P components, then can will the digital signal that [t0, t1] this period is exported as quantum random number or quantum with
The initial data of machine number, and the digital signal that will be exported in [t1, t2] this period is for carrying out randomness test.
For example, preferably, in one particular embodiment of the present invention, after above-mentioned steps 205, quantum of the invention
Random digit generation method can further include：
Step 207, obtained digital signal is post-processed, will in preset first time period obtained number
Word signal as quantum random number, will in preset second time period obtained digital signal as verify data.
Step 208, randomness test is carried out according to the verify data.
By above-mentioned randomness test, the randomness of obtained quantum random number can be examined.
For example, in practical applications, the Shannon entropy (Shannon entropy) of measuring device can be calculated：H(P).Profit
With the uncertainty relationship in quantum mechanics：Two physical quantity A that commutation rejection is zero and B has uncertainty relationship H (X)+H (P)
>=C, (C is constant), we can obtain the randomness of at least H (X) >=C-H (P).These randomnesss need not do light source
It is any it is assumed that thus, it can be known that the randomness and light of the random number that the above-mentioned quantum random number generation method in the present invention is generated
Source is unrelated.
In conclusion in the inventive solutions, due to the use of above-mentioned light source, quadrature component selector, zero
Detector and analog-digital converter are clapped, so as to ensure the correctness in source while obtaining random number, but also may be implemented
Any hypothesis (i.e. source is unrelated) is not done to source.In addition, due to transmitting information using continuous variable in the method for the present invention, increase
Add the information content that each photon carries to increase random number generation rate.In addition, the method in the present invention is closed by uncertain
It is that this quantum mechanics philosophy ensure that the randomness for ultimately generating random number.Further, since using homodyne in the present invention
Detector is instead of single-photon detector in the prior art, to substantially reduce cost.In addition to this, in the present invention
Method may also reach up the speed of Gbps ranks, there is very high practical value.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, all essences in the present invention
With within principle, any modification, equivalent substitution, improvement and etc. done should be included within the scope of protection of the invention god.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of quantum random number generator, which is characterized in that the quantum random number generator includes：Light source, quadrature component choosing
Select device, homodyne detector and analog-digital converter；
Wherein, the homodyne detector includes：Beam splitter, the first detector, the second detector and subtracter；
The light source, for generating continuous light, and by continuous light output to quadrature component selector；
The quadrature component selector selects a preset phase attached for carrying out phase-modulation to the continuous light received
It is added on the continuous light, and by the first input end of the continuous light output after phase-modulation to beam splitter；
Second input terminal of the beam splitter is for receiving signal light, the first output end and second output terminal point of the beam splitter
It is not connect with the first detector and the second detector；The beam splitter for by the continuous light after the phase-modulation that be received and
Signal light is divided into two-beam signal, wherein a branch of optical signal is exported to the first detector, another beam optical signal is exported to second and visited
Survey device；
The output end of first detector and the second detector is connect with subtracter respectively；
First detector, for the optical signal received to be converted into the first current signal and outputs this to the subtraction
The first input end of device；
Second detector, for the optical signal received to be converted into the second current signal and outputs this to the subtraction
Second input terminal of device；
The subtracter, for exporting the difference of received the first current signal and the second current signal to analog-to-digital conversion
Device；
The analog-digital converter is converted into discrete digital signal for the difference.
2. quantum random number generator according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the quantum random number generator also into
One step includes：Preprocessor；
The preprocessor is for post-processing the digital signal, the digital signal that generates that treated.
3. quantum random number generator according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：
The light source is local resonator.
4. a kind of quantum random number generation method, which is characterized in that this method comprises the following steps：
Use the continuous light of light source output；
Phase-modulation is carried out to the continuous light；
By after phase-modulation continuous light and signal light output be divided into two-beam signal to a beam splitter, and by the beam splitter
It is exported respectively to the first detector and the second detector；
The optical signal received is converted into the first current signal and the first electric current letter by the first detector and the second detector respectively
Number；
The difference of first current signal and the second current signal is converted into discrete digital signal.
5. according to the method described in claim 4, it is characterized in that, this method still further comprises：
Obtained digital signal is post-processed, using the digital signal after post-processing as quantum random number.
6. according to the method described in claim 4, it is characterized in that, this method still further comprises：
Obtained digital signal is post-processed, obtained digital signal will be used as amount in preset first time period
Sub- random number, will in preset second time period obtained digital signal as verify data；
Randomness test is carried out according to the verify data.
7. according to the method described in claim 4, it is characterized in that, described include to the continuous light progress phase-modulation：
Phase-modulation is carried out to the continuous light received by quadrature component selector, a preset phase is selected to be attached to institute
It states on continuous light.
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