CN107368282A - The unrelated continuous type quantum random number production method of one introduces a collection and device - Google Patents
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Abstract
The present invention proposes the unrelated continuous type quantum random number production method of an introduces a collection and device.This method comprises the following steps：Continuous type physical accidental source produces continuous type light field；Heterodyne detection is carried out to continuous type light field, while measure light field two are non-to easy mechanical quantity, i.e. component X (canoncial coordinates) and component P (canonical momentum)；The continuous type measurement result of two mechanical quantities is subjected to discretization, respectively obtains the initial random sequence under one-component and the verification sequence under another component；The maximum entropy of continuous type stochastic source is calculated according to verification sequence；By entropy uncertainty principle and the result of calculation of maximum entropy, the condition minimum entropy of initial random sequence is obtained, and the binary system true random sequence of completely random is obtained by post processing.The present invention need not provide additional random number, and independent of it is assumed that the part of " credible " in stochastic source can be managed with effective extract, generating quantum random number for source.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to quantum random number field in information science quantum communications, more particularly to the unrelated continuous type amount of an introduces a collection
Sub- random-number generating method and device.
Background technology
Random number play the role of in cryptography and secure communication it is important, while in simulation, lottery industry etc. series of fields
Close also extensive application.In quantum communications, especially in quantum key distribution technology, random number equally has most important
Effect.In theory the secure communication of unconditional security can by quantum key distribution technology coordinate " one-time pad " scheme come
Realize, but the core of quantum key distribution is that the randomness of key, therefore just need preferable, completely random, foot
Enough long random number sequences.
The randomness true and false of random number sequence, it is difficult to mathematically provide a strict definite criterion.Current common area
The mode of point random number true and false is by a statistical check being made up of algorithm routine bag, but in fact this inspection is having
It is incomplete to limit under number, all random processes can not be considered, so inspection of this method of inspection as random number
Standard inspection is accurate, and the randomness of itself is imperfect.The truly random property of quantum random number generator output sequence, is to pass through quantum force
Learn general principle and be able to what is ensured, but what statistical check bag can not be good enough goes inspection quantum randomness.Until " equipment without
Close random number and scheme occur " occur, it is ensured that the randomness of quantum random number output.
The concept of " equipment is unrelated " is that the randomness of random number is examined using bell inequality.The characteristics of this method is logical
Cross input and export met relation, can directly examine the randomness of output sequence, and without considering that device interior is consolidated
Some working mechanisms, that is to say, that even if the equipment of work is un-trusted during random number is produced, can also produce
Raw randomness random number good enough.Occurs a series of agreement on this basis, the common feature of these agreements is to utilize
The initiation sequence of one section of completely random, produces one section of longer output sequence, the random sequence and list entries length of output it
Between meet certain relation.Because this feature, this mode for producing random number is also referred to as " randomness extension ".However, this
Kind produce random number method exist one it is serious the defects of, that is, need the sequence of one section of completely random as input.In fact,
The sequence of one section of completely random is extremely difficult to produce and defined, and using completely random sequence as input, it was proved to be to limit again later
The serious hindrance that expansion efficiency processed is further lifted.In order to overcome this defect of random number expansion scheme, one kind using it is weak with
The research direction that machine source produces random number is arisen at the historic moment, and is that it is will be weak random using the characteristics of weak stochastic source generation random number
Randomness in source extracts, rather than extension randomness truly.This method for producing random number is also claimed
For " randomness amplification ".Therefore, the unrelated quantum random number generator of equipment mainly includes two research directions, i.e. randomness at present
Extension and randomness amplification.
The actual efficiency of " equipment is unrelated " random number producing method depends on actual carry out without the inspection of leak bell inequality
The efficiency of experiment, though prior art can be realized, device is complicated, and efficiency is not high.This inspires people to carry out one to original agreement
Fixed modification, while protocol efficiency is improved, dependence of the communicating pair to credible equipment is still reduced as much as possible, wherein comparing
Representative is " unilateral equipment is unrelated " agreement.In " unilateral equipment independent protocol ", the stochastic source of randomizer
It can be not trusted with the equipment of one party in measuring apparatus both sides, and the equipment of the opposing party is believable, it sets for credible
Standby dependence will be weaker than " equipment is unrelated " random number generating schemes.By this scheme, can ensure to produce in higher random number
On the basis of raw speed, the quality of generation random number is improved as far as possible, it may be said that is produced between " equipment is unrelated " quantum random number
Scheme occurs for the random number of a kind of relative efficiency, safety between raw mode and common quantum random number producing method.
In recent years, also there are some progress in terms of " unilateral equipment is unrelated " quantum random number generator, wherein than more typical
It is exactly " source is unrelated " quantum random number generator, but this scheme is mostly sent out using discrete type stochastic source as random number at present
The stochastic source of raw device, such as：Single-photon source, while need additional extra seed stochastic source, could carry out " source is unrelated " quantum with
The generation of machine number.
The content of the invention
The present invention proposes the quantum random number production method and device of a kind of " the unrelated continuous type in source ", passes through heterodyne detection
Method simultaneously non-to two of quantum stochastic source can measure to easy mechanical quantity (with X-component and P representation in components in invention),
And according to the measurement for P components, its maximum entropy is estimated, the condition of X-component is further obtained by entropy uncertainty principle
Minimum entropy, the measurement result of X-component is being post-processed further according to condition minimum entropy, is ultimately generating random number sequence.Simultaneously
Additionally provide the unrelated continuous type quantum random number generating means of an introduces a collection.
The present invention is measured to the X-component in physical accidental source with P components simultaneously by the method for heterodyne detection, it is not necessary to
It is additionally provided stochastic source.Measurement for the one-component in stochastic source produces initial random Number Sequence, while to another just
Hand over component to measure generation checking sequence to estimate the maximum entropy, and initial random sequence is calculated by entropy uncertainty principle
Condition minimum entropy, complete to extract for the randomness of initial random number by post-processing, generate final random number sequence.
An object of the present invention is to provide an introduces a collection unrelated continuous type quantum random number production method, including following step
Suddenly：
1) heterodyne detection is carried out to continuous type physical accidental source, obtain continuous type physical accidental source two are non-to easy mechanics
Two components of measurements, i.e. light field, described two components represent the generalized canonical coordinate and canonical momentum of light field respectively；
2) the continuous type measurement result of described two components is subjected to discretization respectively, obtained first under one of component
Beginning random sequence and the verification sequence under another component；The initial random sequence is sent to first processor, by described in
Verification sequence is sent to second processor；
3) second processor is by the maximum entropy that continuous type physical accidental source is calculated to verification sequence, and incites somebody to action
Result of calculation is sent to the first processor；
4) first processor is calculated initial according to the maximum entropy of the verification sequence received by entropy uncertainty principle
The condition minimum entropy of random sequence, and initial random Number Sequence is post-processed according to result of calculation, obtain final random number
Sequence.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of unrelated continuous type quantum random number in source realized using the above method
Generation device, it includes：Untrusted lasing light emitter, local oscillator light source, heterodyne detector, analogue-to-digital converters, first processor,
Second processor；The untrusted lasing light emitter is connected with optical attenuator, to send coherent state light, as physical accidental
Source；The local oscillator light source produces local oscillator light, to coordinate coherent state light to carry out heterodyne detection；The heterodyne detector is to local oscillator
Light carries out heterodyne detection, the first via voltage signal exported and the second road voltage signal with coherent state light；The simulation-
Digital quantizer carries out discretization to first via voltage signal and the second road voltage signal, exports the binary system after discretization respectively
Sequence, it is initial random Number Sequence corresponding to first via voltage signal respectively, verification sequence corresponding with the second road voltage signal；
The first processor calculates the maximum entropy of stochastic source according to verification sequence, and sends the result to the second processor；Institute
Maximum entropy of the second processor according to the verification sequence received is stated, the bar of initial random sequence is calculated by entropy uncertainty principle
Part minimum entropy, and initial random Number Sequence is post-processed according to result of calculation, obtain final random number sequence.
Further, the untrusted lasing light emitter and local oscillator light source are same light source, are divided and produced by optical beam-splitter
Raw coherent state light and local oscillator light；Or the untrusted lasing light emitter and local oscillator light source are two independent light sources.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows：
In the present invention, physical accidental source is the continuous type lasing light emitter generally used in Experiments of Optics, it is believed that the equipment exists
It is not trusted completely during producing random number.By to light field carry out heterodyne detection method, can realize simultaneously for
The measurement of light field X-component and P components, this method need not introduce external random number to carry out at random X-component and P components
Measurement, actually make use of " the weak randomness " that optical beam-splitter is embodied in heterodyne detection directly to " weak in physical accidental source
Randomness " is extracted.Meanwhile go to estimate that the condition minimum entropy of initial random sequence can be effectively using entropy uncertainty principle
The part of " trusted " in random number sequence is extracted, ensures the randomness of output random sequence.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the step flow chart of the unrelated continuous type random-number generating method in source in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the principle schematic of the unrelated continuous type random number generating apparatus in source in the embodiment of the present invention.
In figure：1. untrusted laser light source module, 2. local oscillator optical modules, 3. optical attenuators, 4. heterodyne detection modules, 5,6.
Analog-digital conversion module, 7,8. data processing modules, 9. random number inspection modules.
Embodiment
To enable the features described above of the present invention and advantage to become apparent, special embodiment below, and it is detailed to coordinate accompanying drawing to make
Describe in detail bright.
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the unrelated continuous type quantum random number production method in source, and this method specifically includes following steps：
1) heterodyne detection is carried out to continuous type physical accidental source, while detection obtains the X-component in continuous type physical accidental source
With P components.Wherein X-component represents the generalized canonical coordinate and canonical momentum of light field with P components respectively.It is noted here that X points
Amount and P components status are reciprocity, if being gone to generate random number with X-component, P components then generate verification sequence, and vice versa.
Conventional continuous type stochastic source is for example：Coherent state light caused by laser, and by compressing phase caused by nonlinear effect
Dry state light field.
2) the continuous type measurement result for respectively obtaining the measurement of X-component and P components carries out discretization, respectively obtains X points
Initial binary random sequence under amount and the verification sequence under P components, and two-way sequence is respectively sent to two processors.
Conventional discretization method is for example：Analog-digital conversion (ADC).
3) P components processor is by the maximum entropy that continuous type physical accidental source is calculated to verification sequence, and will count
Calculate result and be sent to X-component processor.
4) X-component processor calculates initial random sequence corresponding to X-component according to the maximum entropy numerical value for receiving verification sequence
The condition minimum entropy of row, and initial random Number Sequence is post-processed according to result of calculation, obtain final random number sequence.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the unrelated continuous type random number generating apparatus in source of the present embodiment.As shown in Fig. 2 module 1
For untrusted lasing light emitter, it is connected with the optical attenuator of module 3, to send coherent state light, as physical accidental source.Mould
Block 2 is local oscillator light source, and it is to coordinate coherent state light to carry out heterodyne detection that it, which is acted on,.The laser of module 1 and module 2 can be by same
Individual laser is divided by optical beam-splitter and produced, and can also independently be produced.When being divided generation by optical beam-splitter, lead to
Cross optical beam-splitter and the light that continuous type output light source (such as laser) is sent is divided into two beams, wherein light beam is as heterodyne detection
Local oscillator light, another light beam is exported by optical attenuator, as coherent state light.
Module 4 is heterodyne detection module, is divided into 2 input ports and 2 output ports.Two input ports of module 4
It is connected respectively with module 2 with module 3, it is therefore an objective to which the coherent state light for exporting local oscillator light caused by module 2 and module 3 inputs outer
Heterodyne detection is carried out in poor detecting module, heterodyne detection will obtain the X-component and P components of coherent state light by measurement.It is logical
Two output ports of module 4 are crossed, respectively export X-component measurement result and P component measurements, export the voltage of continuous type
Signal.So far, module 1,3, module 3,4, the connected mode between module 2,4 can be joined directly together by optical fiber, can also led to
Space optical path is crossed to be connected.
Due to the heterodyne detection module of module 4 output for continuous type voltage signal, for convenience it is follow-up on a processor
Carry out data processing, it is therefore desirable to which continuous type voltage signal is converted into binary digital signal.In the output result of module 4, X points
Output port corresponding to measurements is connected with module 5 by electric wire, and output port corresponding to P component measurements passes through electricity
Line is connected with module 6, and module 5,6 is respectively two analog-digital conversion modules, and the purpose is to the continuous type voltage that will be received
Signal is converted to the binary sequence of discrete type.Module 5 exports initial random Number Sequence, output and module 8 in binary form
An input port be connected.Module 6 exports checking sequence in binary form, and output is connected with module 7.
Module 7,8 is data processor module.Because module 7 handles X-component measurement result, module 8 handles P component measurements
As a result, therefore it is referred to as X-component processor, P component processors respectively.Module 7 obtains checking sequence most by Maximum entropy estimation
Big entropy, its expression formula are：
Wherein, Hmax() represents the maximum entropy of checking sequence；δ q represent analogue-to-digital converters ADC for canonical momentum
Conversion accuracy；PδqRepresent the measurement result of the P components in the δ q of section；p(qk) represent that each conversion accuracy corresponds to section and taken
The probability of value；K represents the not isotopic number that converter discretization is divided into, and can get maximum discrete digit from 0；qkRepresent k-th
Measurement result in discretization section.Result is sent to module 8 after calculating.Module 8 is X-component processor, and it is inputted
Port is connected with the output port of module 5,7.Module 8 receives the maximum entropy calculated value that module 7 is sent, and is not known by entropy
Principle is calculated, and obtains the condition minimum entropy of initial random Number Sequence.The condition minimum entropy expression formula of initiation sequence is：
Hmin(X | E)=- log2c(δx,δp)-Hmax(Pδq)
Wherein, X represents X-component measurement result, and E represents the data that imaginary listener-in obtains, Hmin(X | E) represent initial
The condition minimum entropy of random sequence, δ x represent the conversion accuracy of X-component analogue-to-digital converters, and δ p are P component analogs-numeral
The conversion accuracy of converter, c (δ x, δ p) are the function related to classical minimum entropy.Calculate after completing, module 8 is according to condition
The result of calculation of minimum entropy, randomness extraction is carried out to receiving the initial random sequence that module 5 sends, obtain binary system with
Machine Number Sequence, and result is exported to module 9.
Module 9 receives 8 binary random sequences sent, and it is entered by the random number test stone of international standard
Row randomness test, conventional test stone is for example：NIST-STS, DIEHARD etc..If pass through inspection, you can output generation
Final random number sequence.
The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical solutions of the present invention rather than is limited, the ordinary skill of this area
Technical scheme can be modified by personnel or equivalent substitution, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, this
The protection domain of invention should be to be defined described in claim.
Claims (10)
1. the unrelated continuous type quantum random number production method of an introduces a collection, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
1) heterodyne detection is carried out to continuous type physical accidental source, obtain continuous type physical accidental source two are non-to the measurement of easy mechanics
Measure result, i.e. the two of light field component；Described two components represent the generalized canonical coordinate and canonical momentum of light field respectively；
2) the continuous type measurement results of described two components is subjected to discretization respectively, obtain under one of component it is initial with
Machine sequence and the verification sequence under another component；The initial random sequence is sent to first processor, by the verification
Sequence is sent to second processor；
3) second processor is by the maximum entropy that continuous type physical accidental source is calculated to verification sequence, and will calculate
As a result it is sent to the first processor；
4) first processor is calculated initial random according to the maximum entropy of the verification sequence received by entropy uncertainty principle
The condition minimum entropy of sequence, and initial random Number Sequence is post-processed according to result of calculation, obtain final random number sequence.
2. the method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that the continuous type physical accidental source is un-trusted continuous type
Physical accidental source.
3. the method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that the heterodyne detection is carried out jointly using two zero-difference detection devices
Heterodyne detection.
4. the method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that the second processor obtains examining sequence by Maximum entropy estimation
The maximum entropy of row, its expression formula are：
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Wherein, Hmax() represents the maximum entropy of checking sequence, and δ q represent that analogue-to-digital converters ADC turns for canonical momentum
Change precision, PδqRepresent P component measurements, p (q in the δ q of sectionk) represent each conversion accuracy correspond to section value it is general
Rate, k represent the not isotopic number that converter discretization is divided into, qkRepresent the measurement result in k-th of discretization section.
5. the method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that the first processor is calculated by entropy uncertainty principle
The condition minimum entropy of initial random Number Sequence, its expression formula are：
Hmin(X | E)=- log2c(δx,δp)-Hmax(Pδq),
Wherein, X represents canoncial coordinates X-component measurement result, and E represents the data that imaginary listener-in obtains, Hmin(X | E) represent
The condition minimum entropy of initial random sequence, δ x represent X-component analogue-to-digital converters conversion accuracy, δ p be P component analogs-
The conversion accuracy of digital quantizer, c (δ x, δ p) represent the function relevant with mutual unbiased measurement.
6. the method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that step 4) is according to the result of calculation of condition minimum entropy, to initial
Random sequence carry out randomness extraction, obtain binary system random number sequence, then it is carried out by random number test stone with
Machine is examined；Output generates final random number sequence if by examining.
7. the unrelated continuous type quantum random number generation device of an introduces a collection, it is characterised in that including untrusted lasing light emitter, local oscillator light
Source, heterodyne detector, analogue-to-digital converters, first processor, second processor；The untrusted lasing light emitter declines with optics
Subtract device connection, to send coherent state light, as physical accidental source；The local oscillator light source produces local oscillator light, to coordinate phase
Dry state light field carries out heterodyne detection；The heterodyne detector carries out heterodyne detection to local oscillator light and coherent state light, is exported
First via voltage signal and the second road voltage signal；The analogue-to-digital converters are to first via voltage signal and the second tunnel
Voltage signal carry out discretization simultaneously export the binary sequence after discretization, be respectively corresponding to first via voltage signal initially with
Machine Number Sequence, verification sequence corresponding with the second road voltage signal；The first processor calculates stochastic source according to verification sequence
Maximum entropy, and send the result to the second processor；The second processor according to the verification sequence received most
Big entropy, the condition minimum entropy of initial random sequence is calculated by entropy uncertainty principle, and according to result of calculation to initial random number
Sequence is post-processed, and obtains final random number sequence.
8. device as claimed in claim 7, it is characterised in that the untrusted lasing light emitter and local oscillator light source are same light
Source, it is divided by optical beam-splitter and produces coherent state light and local oscillator light；Or the untrusted lasing light emitter and local oscillator light source are
Two independent light sources.
9. device as claimed in claim 7, it is characterised in that the heterodyne detection module includes two input ports and two
Output port, two input ports are connected with local oscillator light source and optical attenuator respectively, and local oscillator light and coherent state light is defeated
Enter and heterodyne detection is carried out in heterodyne detection module, the heterodyne detection obtains two components by measurement, and passes through two outputs
Port exports the voltage signal of two-way continuous type.
Or the heterodyne detection module includes two zero-difference detection devices.
10. device as claimed in claim 7, it is characterised in that between untrusted lasing light emitter and optical attenuator, optical attenuator
Between device and heterodyne detector, and it is joined directly together between local oscillator light source and heterodyne detector by optical fiber, or passes through space
Light path is connected.
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| CN108279863A (en) * | 2018-01-26 | 2018-07-13 | 北京邮电大学 | A kind of unrelated quantum random number generator scheme in source using phase monitoring module |
| CN108182051A (en) * | 2018-01-26 | 2018-06-19 | 北京邮电大学 | A kind of unrelated quantum random number generator scheme in source using photoswitch |
| CN108279865A (en) * | 2018-03-30 | 2018-07-13 | 清华大学 | A kind of quantum random number generator and quantum random number generation method |
| CN110896329A (en) * | 2018-09-12 | 2020-03-20 | 中国科学技术大学 | Continuous variable quantum key distribution coherent detection system based on local oscillator light scheme |
| CN109683850A (en) * | 2018-11-01 | 2019-04-26 | 北京大学 | A kind of unrelated quantum random number production method in source based on mixed state light field and device |
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| CN110851111B (en) * | 2019-10-15 | 2022-08-23 | 中国电子科技集团公司第三十研究所 | High-safety source-independent quantum random number generation device and method |
| CN110928523A (en) * | 2019-12-04 | 2020-03-27 | 中体彩科技发展有限公司 | Random number acquisition method and system for lottery industry |
| CN110928523B (en) * | 2019-12-04 | 2021-11-19 | 中体彩科技发展有限公司 | Random number acquisition method and system for lottery industry |
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