CN108277334B

CN108277334B - Cryogenic treatment equipment and method

Info

Publication number: CN108277334B
Application number: CN201810186006.0A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王俊杰; 赵远恒; 郭嘉; 陈六彪; 顾开选
Original assignee: Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry of CAS
Current assignee: Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry of CAS
Priority date: 2018-03-07
Filing date: 2018-03-07
Publication date: 2023-07-25
Anticipated expiration: 2038-03-07
Also published as: CN108277334A

Abstract

The invention provides a cryogenic treatment device and a method, wherein the device comprises: a box body for performing cryogenic treatment on a workpiece to be treated; the box has air inlet and main gas vent, and inside the hot gas entering box through the air inlet, the gas in the box was discharged through main gas vent, set up an annular feed liquor groove between the air inlet of box and main gas vent, around the lateral wall of box, annular feed liquor groove is used for carrying low temperature medium to the box in, and the gas of air inlet end in the box passes the plane that annular feed liquor groove was located and discharges from main gas vent. According to the cryogenic treatment equipment and the cryogenic treatment method, redundant cold energy in the middle of the box body can be blown to the main exhaust port along with the flow of gas, and the workpiece to be treated is directly precooled, so that the continuous recycling of the cold energy is realized, the cold energy can be fully and completely utilized, the consumption of energy sources can be saved, and the cryogenic treatment efficiency is improved; in addition, the workpiece to be treated can be directly and continuously subjected to tempering and tempering treatment, so that the treatment process is continuous and efficient.

Description

Cryogenic treatment equipment and method

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of cryogenic treatment, in particular to a cryogenic treatment device and a cryogenic treatment method.

Background

The cryogenic treatment refers to the process of placing the material in a certain low-temperature environment (-100 ℃ below zero) and carrying out treatment according to a certain process. The cryogenic treatment has wide application range, and researches and application show that the cryogenic treatment can effectively improve the mechanical properties of the material such as wear resistance, dimensional stability, strength, toughness and the like, thereby improving the quality of products, prolonging the service life and finally reducing the production cost. In addition, in the field of foods, the food materials can be subjected to deep-cooling quick-freezing fresh-keeping by utilizing deep-cooling treatment, the shelf life of the foods is prolonged, and the like. In recent years, the cryogenic treatment technology is widely applied in the fields of machine manufacturing, quick-freezing fresh-keeping of foods and the like.

In the cryogenic process, process parameters including process temperature, ramp rate, and subsequent tempering temperature are the core of the technology, which directly determine the final process effect. Therefore, control of process parameters is particularly necessary.

The cryogenic treatment equipment is equipment capable of raising and lowering temperature and keeping temperature of materials according to a specific process. The liquid nitrogen has the advantages of low temperature, easy acquisition, low preparation cost, no pollution and the like, and becomes a refrigerant commonly adopted by the prior cryogenic treatment equipment. The traditional cryogenic treatment equipment mostly uses liquid nitrogen as a refrigerant to carry out cryogenic treatment, and the basic principle is that low-temperature nitrogen generated after liquid nitrogen vaporization and materials are subjected to heat convection, so that the temperature of the materials is reduced, and the temperature of the cryogenic treatment equipment is controlled by controlling the supply amount of the liquid nitrogen. The low-temperature nitrogen with relatively high heat exchange temperature is directly discharged into the air in the treatment process, and the temperature of the discharged air is also very low when the treatment temperature is low, so that a great amount of cold energy is wasted, and particularly for large-scale cryogenic treatment equipment, the treatment capacity is large, the treatment frequency is high, and therefore, the cold energy is wasted greatly.

The cold energy can not be recovered after the traditional cryogenic treatment equipment processes the workpiece, and the waste of the cold energy is larger due to the discharge of the low-temperature cold air in the treatment process; and the cryogenic treatment and the subsequent process are usually required to be carried out separately, so that the production efficiency is low.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a device for overcoming the defect that the cold energy cannot be recovered after the workpiece is processed by the traditional cryogenic treatment equipment, and the waste of the cold energy is larger due to the discharge of low-temperature cold air in the treatment process; and the cryogenic treatment and the subsequent process are usually required to be carried out separately, so that the problem of low production efficiency is solved or the problem is at least partially solved.

According to a first aspect of the present invention there is provided a cryogenic treatment apparatus comprising: a box body for performing cryogenic treatment on a workpiece to be treated; the box has air inlet and main gas vent, and hot gas passes through the air inlet gets into inside the box, gas in the box passes through main gas vent is discharged between the air inlet of box and main gas vent, encircle the lateral wall of box sets up an annular feed liquor groove, annular feed liquor groove is used for to carry low temperature medium in the box, gas at the air inlet end in the box passes the plane that annular feed liquor groove is located is followed main gas vent is discharged.

On the basis of the scheme, the box body is in a cylinder shape, the air inlet and the main air outlet are respectively positioned at two ends of the box body, the annular liquid inlet groove is positioned in the middle of the box body, and the plane where the annular liquid inlet groove is positioned is perpendicular to the axial direction of the box body.

Based on the above scheme, a cryogenic treatment device further comprises: a plurality of nozzles; the inlet of the nozzle is connected with the annular liquid inlet groove, the nozzle opening of the nozzle faces the inside of the box body, a plurality of nozzles are uniformly distributed around the box body along the annular liquid inlet groove, the annular liquid inlet groove is connected with one end of a low-temperature infusion tube, the other end of the low-temperature infusion tube is connected with a low-temperature liquid storage tank, and the low-temperature infusion tube is connected with a low-temperature regulating valve in series.

Based on the above scheme, a cryogenic treatment device further comprises: a gas heater and a blower; the outlet of the gas heater is connected with the gas inlet, and the inlet of the gas heater is connected with the fan.

On the basis of the scheme, the first baffle is arranged inside the air inlet, the second baffle is arranged inside the main air outlet, the first baffle is fixedly connected with the inner side wall of the box body, is parallel to the air inlet and is provided with a plurality of small holes, and the second baffle is fixedly connected with the inner side wall of the box body, is parallel to the main air outlet and is provided with a plurality of small holes.

On the basis of the scheme, the side wall of the box body is provided with the side air outlet, the side air outlet is positioned between the annular liquid inlet groove and the air inlet, and the side air outlet is connected with the first valve.

On the basis of the scheme, the workpiece to be processed is placed in the hopper, a plurality of hoppers are placed in the box body, the wall surface of each hopper is of a hollow structure, the box body is close to the main exhaust port and is provided with the hopper inlet, the box body is close to the air inlet and is provided with the hopper outlet, the hopper inlet is provided with the first gate, and the hopper outlet is provided with the second gate.

Based on the above scheme, a cryogenic treatment device further comprises: a conveyor belt; the conveying belt penetrates through the box body from the air inlet and the main air outlet, and the workpiece to be processed is placed above the conveying belt and driven by the conveying belt to move.

Based on the above scheme, a cryogenic treatment device further comprises: a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, and a controller; the temperature sensor is fixedly connected with the inner side wall of the box body, the pressure sensor is fixedly arranged below the conveying belt and contacts with the conveying belt, and the controller is respectively connected with the low-temperature regulating valve, the first valve, the fan, the conveying belt, the temperature sensor, the pressure sensor, the first gate and the second gate.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a processing method based on a cryogenic processing apparatus, the method comprising: directly precooling a new workpiece to be processed by utilizing the cold quantity of the workpiece to be processed after the cryogenic treatment; and directly and continuously tempering the workpiece to be treated after the deep cooling treatment.

According to the cryogenic treatment equipment and the cryogenic treatment method, the annular liquid inlet groove is arranged between the air inlet and the main air outlet of the box body, so that a low-temperature area can be formed at the middle part of the box body to carry out cryogenic treatment on a workpiece to be treated; and hot gas is introduced into the air inlet of the box body, and is discharged from the main air outlet of the box body, so that the gas in the box body flows from the air inlet end to the main air outlet end, redundant cold energy in the middle of the box body can be blown to the main air outlet end along with the flow of the gas, and the workpiece to be treated is directly and continuously precooled, so that the continuous recycling of the cold energy is realized, the cold energy can be fully and completely utilized, the consumption of energy sources can be saved, and meanwhile, the cryogenic treatment efficiency is improved.

In addition, the workpiece to be processed after the intermediate part of the box body is subjected to cryogenic treatment can directly come to the air inlet end to perform convective heat exchange with hot air, and the workpiece to be processed can be directly and continuously subjected to tempering and tempering treatment, so that the treatment process is continuous and efficient, and the cryogenic treatment efficiency can be improved.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a cryogenic treatment apparatus according to an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic side view of a cryogenic treatment apparatus according to an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing the structure of a first baffle in a cryogenic treatment apparatus according to an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a process in a tank of a cryogenic treatment apparatus according to an embodiment of the invention;

fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of a cryogenic treatment apparatus according to an embodiment of the invention.

Reference numerals illustrate:

1-a cryogenic liquid storage tank; 2-a low-temperature infusion tube; 3-a low temperature regulating valve;

4-a main exhaust port; 5, a hopper; 6, a workpiece to be treated;

7, a hopper inlet; 8, a box body; 9-an annular liquid inlet groove;

10-a nozzle; 11-a temperature sensor; 12-a bypass exhaust port;

13-hopper outlet; 14-air inlet; 15-a gas heater;

16-a fan; 17-a rotating wheel; 18-a pressure sensor;

19-a conveyor belt; 20-small holes; 21-a first baffle.

Detailed Description

The following describes in further detail the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings and examples. The following examples are illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

This embodiment provides a cryogenic treatment apparatus according to the present invention, referring to fig. 1, the apparatus comprising: a box 8 for performing a cryogenic treatment on the workpiece 6 to be treated; the box 8 is provided with an air inlet 14 and a main air outlet 4, hot air enters the box 8 through the air inlet 14, the air in the box 8 is discharged through the main air outlet 4, an annular liquid inlet groove 9 is arranged between the air inlet 14 and the main air outlet 4 of the box 8 and surrounds the side wall of the box 8, the annular liquid inlet groove 9 is used for conveying low-temperature medium into the box 8, and the air at the end of the air inlet 14 in the box 8 passes through the plane where the annular liquid inlet groove 9 is located and is discharged from the main air outlet 4.

The cryogenic treatment device provided in this embodiment mainly introduces a low-temperature medium into the box 8 to perform the cryogenic treatment on the workpiece 6 to be treated. The housing 8 has two openings, an inlet 14 and a main outlet 4. The intake port 14 and the main exhaust port 4 may communicate with the inside and outside of the case 8.

The annular liquid inlet groove 9 is used for conveying low-temperature liquid or other low-temperature media into the box body 8, so that a low-temperature environment is formed inside the box body 8. Referring to fig. 2, an annular liquid inlet groove 9 is provided on a side wall of the case 8, and surrounds a circle along the side wall of the case 8 in a ring shape. The annular liquid inlet tank 9 may be located on the outer side wall or the inner side wall of the tank 8, as long as the cryogenic medium can be transported from the outside to the inside of the tank 8.

The annular liquid inlet groove 9 is positioned between the air inlet 14 and the main air outlet 4, namely positioned at the middle part of the box body 8, so that low-temperature medium can enter the box body 8 from the middle part of the box body 8, and the interior of the box body 8 is a temperature minimum zone near the annular liquid inlet groove 9.

The annular liquid inlet groove 9 surrounds the side wall of the box body 8 to form a circle, so that the annular liquid inlet groove 9 is uniformly distributed along the periphery of the box body 8, low-temperature medium entering the box body 8 can enter from all directions, the temperature distribution in the box body 8 is more uniform, and the uniformity of cryogenic treatment of the workpiece 6 to be treated is facilitated.

Further, hot gas, which may be air, is introduced into the housing 8 through the gas inlet 14 of the housing 8. The main exhaust port 4 of the box 8 is used for exhausting the air in the box 8. The hot gas blown in from the inlet 14 of the tank 8 is blown toward the main exhaust port 4 of the tank 8. Inside the box 8, the air has a flow direction from the air inlet 14 toward the main air outlet 4.

And the gas in the box body 8 also needs to pass through the plane of the annular liquid inlet groove 9 in the flowing process. Because the temperature in the tank 8 is low near the annular liquid inlet tank 9, the gas at the gas inlet 14 end in the tank 8 flows through the low temperature zone under the blowing of the hot gas and then is discharged from the main gas outlet 4.

When the workpiece 6 to be processed is subjected to the cryogenic treatment, the workpiece 6 to be processed is gradually moved from the main exhaust port 4 end to the air intake port 14 end of the case 8. Although the hot gas is blown from the gas inlet 14 of the tank 8 to the main gas outlet 4, the gas in the middle of the tank 8 has a low temperature after being mixed with the hot gas because the low-temperature medium is transferred to the middle of the tank 8.

When the workpiece 6 to be processed moves to the middle part of the box body 8, namely, the vicinity of the annular liquid inlet groove 9, the cryogenic treatment is carried out in a low-temperature environment. The workpiece after the cryogenic treatment will continue to move toward the inlet 14 end, where the temperature is higher due to the hot gas input at the inlet 14 end of the housing 8. Therefore, the workpiece subjected to the cryogenic treatment can be continuously subjected to the tempering and tempering treatment at the air inlet 14 end of the box body 8.

Further, since inside the case 8, the gas flows from the gas inlet 14 to the main gas outlet 4. The cold gas in the middle of the case 8 flows toward the main exhaust port 4 of the case 8 by the hot gas. The redundant cold energy of the middle part of the box body 8 can sequentially pass through the to-be-processed workpiece 6 conveyed from the main exhaust port 4 end of the box body 8, the redundant cold energy can be absorbed by the to-be-processed workpiece 6, the pre-cooling treatment can be carried out on the to-be-processed workpiece 6, the continuous recycling of the cold energy is realized, the energy consumption is saved, and the deep cooling treatment efficiency can be improved.

In the process of flowing the cold gas in the middle of the box body 8 towards the main exhaust port 4 at the second end, the cold energy can be basically and completely absorbed by the workpiece 6 to be treated, so that the temperature of the air discharged from the main exhaust port 4 is higher, the room temperature can be reached, and the full and complete utilization of the cold energy is realized.

According to the cryogenic treatment equipment provided by the embodiment, the annular liquid inlet groove 9 is arranged at the middle part of the box body 8, so that a low-temperature area can be formed at the middle part of the box body 8 to carry out cryogenic treatment on the workpiece 6 to be treated; the hot gas is introduced into the air inlet 14 of the box body 8, and the gas is discharged from the main air outlet 4 of the box body 8, so that the gas in the box body 8 flows from the air inlet 14 to the main air outlet 4, and along with the flow of the gas, the redundant cold energy in the middle of the box body 8 can be blown to the main air outlet 4, so that the workpiece 6 to be processed is directly and continuously pre-cooled, the continuous recycling of the cold energy is realized, the cold energy can be fully and completely utilized, the consumption of energy sources can be saved, and the cryogenic treatment efficiency is improved.

In addition, the workpiece 6 to be processed after the middle part of the box body 8 is subjected to cryogenic treatment can directly come to the end of the air inlet 14 to perform convection heat exchange with hot gas, and the workpiece 6 to be processed can be directly and continuously subjected to tempering and tempering treatment, so that the treatment process is continuous and efficient, and the cryogenic treatment efficiency can be improved.

Further, the side wall of the box body 8 can be made of double-layer stainless steel materials, and a hard polyurethane foam heat-insulating material can be filled between the double-layer stainless steel interlayers so as to reduce loss and damage of cold energy.

On the basis of the above embodiment, further, the box 8 is in a cylindrical shape, the air inlet 14 and the main air outlet 4 are respectively located at two ends of the box 8, the annular liquid inlet groove 9 is located in the middle of the box 8, and a plane where the annular liquid inlet groove 9 is located is perpendicular to an axial direction of the box 8.

The present embodiment is based on the above-described embodiments, and the arrangement of the case 8 and the annular liquid inlet groove 9 is further described. When the case 8 has a cylindrical shape, openings, i.e., the air inlet 14 and the main air outlet 4, are preferably provided at both ends of the case 8. The annular liquid inlet tank 9 is provided in the middle of the tank 8, i.e. at an intermediate position between the inlet 14 and the main exhaust 4.

Preferably, the plane of the annular liquid inlet tank 9 is arranged perpendicular to the axial direction of the box body 8. In this way, the low-temperature medium can be uniformly conveyed into the box body 8 from all directions of the box body 8, so that the uniform distribution of the temperature in the box body 8 is facilitated, and the workpiece 6 to be processed can be better processed.

Further, the case 8 is a column, which includes a cuboid, a cylinder, or others, which is not limited thereto.

Further, in addition to the above embodiment, a cryogenic treatment apparatus further includes: a plurality of nozzles 10; the inlet of the nozzle 10 is connected with the annular liquid inlet groove 9, the nozzle opening of the nozzle 10 faces the inside of the box body 8, a plurality of nozzles 10 are uniformly distributed around the box body 8 along the annular liquid inlet groove 9, the annular liquid inlet groove 9 is connected with one end of the low-temperature infusion tube 2, the other end of the low-temperature infusion tube 2 is connected with the low-temperature liquid storage tank 1, and the low-temperature infusion tube 2 is connected with the low-temperature regulating valve 3 in series.

The present embodiment is based on the above embodiments, and a specific description is given of a process of transporting a low-temperature medium. The external low-temperature medium is stored in the low-temperature liquid storage tank 1, and the low-temperature liquid storage tank 1 is connected with the annular liquid inlet groove 9 through the low-temperature liquid delivery pipe 2. The low-temperature infusion tube 2 is connected with a low-temperature regulating valve 3, the low-temperature regulating valve 3 is used for controlling the quantity of the low-temperature medium which is conveyed, and the temperature inside the box body 8 can be regulated and controlled by controlling the quantity of the low-temperature medium.

The annular liquid inlet tank 9 is connected with a plurality of nozzles 10, and the nozzles 10 are uniformly distributed along the periphery of the tank body 8 so as to ensure uniform distribution of the low-temperature medium entering the tank body 8. The low-temperature medium is conveyed to the annular liquid inlet groove 9 through the low-temperature liquid conveying pipe 2 and then sprayed into the box body 8 through the nozzles 10.

The nozzle 10 should be compatible with the cryogenic medium, being a cryogenic nozzle 10. And when the low-temperature medium is liquid, the nozzle 10 can be an atomizing nozzle 10, and the low-temperature liquid is atomized and then sprayed into the box body 8.

Further, the annular liquid inlet tank 9 may be a pipe arranged on the surface of the tank 8 or embedded in the side wall of the tank 8, the pipe is connected with the low-temperature infusion tube 2, and the pipe is connected with the inside of the tank 8 through a nozzle 10. The annular liquid inlet groove 9 can also be a channel embedded in the side wall of the box body 8, the channel is connected with the low-temperature liquid conveying pipe 2, and the low-temperature liquid conveying pipe 2 conveys a low-temperature medium into the channel and then sprays the low-temperature medium into the box body 8 through the nozzle 10.

Further, in addition to the above embodiment, a cryogenic treatment apparatus further includes: a gas heater 15 and a blower 16; the outlet of the gas heater 15 is connected to the gas inlet 14, and the inlet of the gas heater 15 is connected to the blower 16.

The present embodiment is based on the above-described embodiment, and the arrangement at the air inlet 14 of the case 8 is described. A gas heater 15 is provided at the gas inlet 14 for heating the gas to a temperature to form a hot gas. The blower 16 is used to draw air, which may be air, into the air heater 15 and blow it towards the interior of the tank 8. The fan 16 can also control the flow rate of the hot gas blown into the box body 8, and can regulate and control the temperature in the box body 8 by regulating the flow rate of the hot gas.

The air heater 15 can heat the air coming from the fan 16 to a high temperature, for example, any temperature between room temperature and tempering temperature, so as to heat up the workpiece and perform subsequent tempering treatment.

On the basis of the above embodiment, further, referring to fig. 3, a first baffle 21 is disposed inside the air inlet 14, a second baffle is disposed inside the main air outlet 4, the first baffle 21 is fixedly connected with the inner side wall of the box 8, is parallel to the air inlet 14, and is provided with a plurality of small holes 20, and the second baffle is fixedly connected with the inner side wall of the box 8, is parallel to the main air outlet 4, and is provided with a plurality of small holes.

The present embodiment is based on the above-described embodiments, and the arrangement of the intake port 14 and the main exhaust port 4 is further described. The air inlet 14 should be an opening that can communicate the inside and the outside of the case 8. A first baffle 21 may be provided inside the air inlet 14 of the cabinet 8. The first baffle 21 is arranged inside the box body 8 and is fixedly connected with the inner side wall of the box body 8 in a contact way.

The first baffle 21 is plate-shaped and has a hollow structure. The first baffle 21 is provided with a plurality of small holes 20, and hot air enters the inside of the box 8 through the small holes 20.

The main exhaust port 4 is also an opening communicating the inside and the outside of the casing 8. A second baffle may be provided within the main exhaust port 4 of the housing 8. The second baffle is also arranged inside the box body 8 and is fixedly connected with the inner side wall of the box body 8 in a contact way.

The second baffle is plate-shaped and has a hollowed-out structure. The second baffle is provided with a plurality of small holes through which air in the box 8 flows out of the box 8. The first baffle 21 and the second baffle may be made of stainless steel, but are not limited thereto.

The first baffle plate 21 and the second baffle plate are respectively arranged at the two ends of the box body 8, so that the box body 8 is sealed better, normal outflow and outflow of hot air and air in the box body 8 can be ensured, heat or cold loss in the box body 8 can be reduced as much as possible, and the energy utilization efficiency is improved.

Further, the sizes and the number of the small holes on the first baffle 21 and the second baffle can be set according to actual needs, and are not limited thereto.

On the basis of the above embodiment, further, a side air outlet 12 is formed on the side wall of the box 8, the side air outlet 12 is located between the annular liquid inlet tank 9 and the air inlet 14, and the side air outlet 12 is connected with a first valve.

The present embodiment is based on the above embodiment, and the side air outlet 12 is formed on the side wall of the case 8, and is mainly used for discharging the redundant hot air. The bypass exhaust port 12 may be an opening formed in the side wall of the case 8 and penetrating through the side wall of the case 8, so that air in the case 8 can flow out.

The bypass exhaust port 12 is located between the annular inlet tank 9 and the inlet port 14, close to the inlet port 14 of the tank 8. Since hot air having a relatively high temperature is mainly present in the interior of the tank 8 between the annular liquid inlet 9 and the air inlet 14, the air discharged from the bypass air outlet 12 is mainly hot air.

Further, the bypass exhaust port 12 is connected to a first valve that can be used to control the opening and closing and the degree of opening of the bypass exhaust port 12. The provision of the bypass exhaust port 12 serves to exhaust part of the hot air in case of excessive temperatures in the tank 8, which is advantageous in maintaining a suitable temperature in the tank 8.

Further, the bypass exhaust port 12 may be, but not limited to, one, and its specific installation location and number may be determined according to actual operation requirements.

On the basis of the above embodiment, further, the workpiece 6 to be processed is placed in the hopper 5, a plurality of hoppers 5 are placed in the box 8, the wall surface of the hopper 5 is in a hollow structure, the box 8 is provided with a hopper inlet 7 near the main exhaust port 4, the box 8 is provided with a hopper outlet 13 near the air inlet 14, the hopper inlet 7 is provided with a first gate, and the hopper outlet 13 is provided with a second gate.

The present embodiment is based on the above-described embodiment, and the placement of the workpiece 6 to be processed is described. The workpieces 6 to be processed are placed in a plurality of hoppers 5, and are placed inside a box body 8 together with the hoppers 5. The hopper 5 can be a cuboid with hollow bottom and wall surface and can be made of stainless steel. The volume and size of the hopper 5 are determined according to the actual workpiece size. Small holes are formed in the wall surface and the bottom of the hopper 5, and the size and the number of the small holes are determined according to actual needs. The hopper 5 is internally provided with a workpiece to be treated.

The hopper 5 can be in other shapes and provided with a containing space, the hopper 5 can be a container with a cover, at the moment, the top cover of the hopper 5 is also in a hollow structure, and a plurality of small holes are formed. The hopper 5 is arranged to be of a hollow structure, so that the workpiece 6 to be treated is in contact with air in the box body 8 to perform convection heat exchange, and the treatment efficiency is improved.

Because the workpiece 6 to be processed moves from the main exhaust port 4 end to the air inlet port 14 end of the box body 8, the box body 8 can be provided with the hopper inlet 7 close to the main exhaust port 4 for placing the hopper 5 and the workpiece 6 to be processed in the box body 8. A hopper outlet 13 is formed in the box body 8 near the air inlet 14 and is used for taking out the processed workpieces 6 to be processed and the hopper 5.

The hopper inlet 7 and the hopper outlet 13 may be through holes opened in the side wall of the tank 8.

Further, a first gate is provided at the hopper inlet 7 and a second gate is provided at the hopper outlet 13. The first gate and the second gate should have good sealing properties and be in a closed state when no feeding or discharging is required.

When feeding is needed, the first gate should be opened, and when discharging is needed, the second gate should be opened, and after feeding and discharging are finished, the first gate and the second gate are closed. The arrangement of the first gate and the second gate can further improve the sealing performance of the box body 8 and prevent the cooling capacity and heat dissipation in the box body 8.

Further, in addition to the above embodiment, a cryogenic treatment apparatus further includes: a conveyor belt 19; the conveyor belt 19 passes through the inside of the box body 8 from the air inlet 14 and the main air outlet 4, and the workpiece 6 to be processed is placed above the conveyor belt 19 and is driven to move by the conveyor belt.

This embodiment is based on the above-described embodiment, in which a conveyor belt 19 is provided for driving the movement of the workpiece 6 to be processed. In order to enhance the heat preservation of the inside of the case 8, a conveyor belt 19 may be provided inside the case 8. The conveyor belt 19 may pass through both ends of the housing 8 having openings, that is, the main exhaust port 4 and the intake port 14, and the conveyor belt 19 may pass through the interior of the housing 8 to move the workpiece 6 to be processed from the main exhaust port 4 end to the intake port 14 end of the housing 8. The conveyor belt 19 may be in contact with the inner surface of the lower side wall of the case 8.

The conveyor belt 19 may be wound around two rotating wheels 17 at both ends of the case 8. The two rotating wheels 17 are respectively positioned at two ends of the box body 8 and are both positioned outside the box body 8. The rotating wheel 17 can be connected with a motor, and the motor drives the rotating wheel 17 to rotate. The conveyor belt 19 is moved by the rotating wheel 17.

The workpiece 6 to be processed is placed on the conveyor belt 19 directly or through the hopper 5, is contacted with the upper surface of the conveyor belt 19, and is driven by the conveyor belt 19 to move from the main exhaust port 4 end of the box 8 to the air inlet port 14 end of the box 8. The conveyor belt 19 is arranged, so that the workpiece 6 to be processed can be conveniently moved, and the manpower consumption is reduced.

Further, the conveyor belt 19 has a mesh structure and is formed by connecting a plurality of meshes. Because the annular liquid inlet groove 9 is arranged around the box body 8 along the side wall of the box body 8, the conveyor belt 19 is arranged into a net structure, so that the low-temperature medium conveyed from the lower part of the conveyor belt 19 can be contacted with the workpiece 6 to be processed, and the processing effect is ensured.

Further, since the conveyor belt 19 penetrates from one end of the case 8 and penetrates from the other end of the case 8, and the first and second shutters 21 and 21 are respectively provided inside both ends of the case 8, the first and second shutters 21 and 19 may be in contact with the conveyor belt. In order to ensure smooth movement of the conveyor belt 19, a polymer material or a graphite material may be disposed at a place where the conveyor belt 19 contacts the first baffle 21 and the second baffle, so as to ensure that the conveyor belt 19 can slide smoothly in a sliding process, and improve the tightness of the interior of the box 8, and prevent cold or heat loss.

Further, in addition to the above embodiment, a cryogenic treatment apparatus further includes: a temperature sensor 11 and a pressure sensor 18; the temperature sensor 11 is fixedly connected with the inner side wall of the box body 8, and the pressure sensor 18 is fixedly arranged below the conveyor belt 19 and is in contact with the conveyor belt 19.

The present embodiment is based on the above embodiment, and is additionally provided with a temperature sensor 11 and a pressure sensor 18 for accurately monitoring and controlling the environmental parameters in the case 8. The temperature sensor 11 is fixedly arranged in the box body 8 and is used for monitoring the ambient temperature in the box body 8 in real time.

The pressure sensor 18 is fixedly arranged below the conveyor belt 19 and can be used for monitoring the quality of the workpieces 6 to be processed on the conveyor belt 19 in real time.

A plurality of temperature sensors 11 and pressure sensors 18 can be arranged at different positions inside the box body 8, and the specific arrangement positions and the number can be determined according to actual needs.

Further, in addition to the above embodiment, a cryogenic treatment apparatus further includes: a controller; the controller is respectively connected with the low-temperature regulating valve 3, the first valve, the fan 16, the conveyor belt 19, the temperature sensor 11, the pressure sensor 18, the first gate and the second gate.

The embodiment is based on the above embodiment, and the controller is configured to accurately and automatically control and adjust each environmental parameter in the box 8, so as to ensure the processing effect of the workpiece 6 to be processed. The low-temperature regulating valve 3 and the first valve can be electrically connected to a controller, and the controller can regulate and control the low-temperature regulating valve 3 and the first valve.

The air volume of the fan 16 is adjustable and electrically connected to the controller. Different air supply rates can be provided according to the tempering temperature of the workpiece at the hopper outlet 13 and the subsequent tempering needs. Meanwhile, the fan 16 can assist in temperature control in the box body 8, and when the temperature is too high, the hot air quantity of the fan 16 is reduced, and the temperature is assisted to be reduced; when the temperature is too low, increasing the hot air volume in the fan 16 to assist in raising the temperature; and finally, the accurate control of the temperature required by the workpiece is realized.

The conveyor belt 19 is adjustable in start and stop and electrically connected to the controller. The controller can control the conveyor belt 19 to be started each time, then the conveyor belt is stopped after a distance corresponding to the width of one hopper 5, and the average starting and stopping interval is not less than the time for entering and exiting the hopper 5.

The temperature sensor 11 is used for acquiring the temperature inside the box body 8 and transmitting a temperature signal to the controller, and the controller controls the supply quantity of the low-temperature medium, the hot air inlet quantity of the fan 16 and the exhaust quantity of the bypass exhaust port 12 by feeding back and adjusting the low-temperature adjusting valve 3, so that the temperature of the workpiece inside the box body 8 reaches the requirement. When the temperature is too high, the low-temperature medium supply quantity is increased, the hot air quantity in the fan 16 is reduced, the air quantity discharged by the side air outlet 12 is increased, and the temperature is reduced; when the temperature is too low, the low-temperature medium supply quantity is reduced, the hot air quantity in the fan 16 is increased, the air quantity discharged by the side air outlet 12 is reduced, and the temperature is increased; finally, the temperature control of the workpiece is realized.

The pressure sensor 18 is used for acquiring the total mass of the hopper 5 and the workpiece on the conveyor belt 19 and transmitting the mass back to the controller, and the controller feeds back and adjusts the start and stop of the conveyor belt 19. The controller is also electrically connected with the first gate and the second gate and controls the opening and closing of the first gate and the second gate.

The latter batch of workpieces between the annular liquid inlet groove 9 and the second end in the box body 8 fully utilizes the cold energy after the treatment of the former batch of workpieces to carry out the cryogenic treatment, and realizes the control of the temperature of the box body 8 through the coupling control of the air quantity of the fan 16 and the feeding quantity of the low-temperature medium. The latter batch of workpieces refers to workpieces proximate the second end, and the former batch of workpieces refers to workpieces proximate the first end.

Further, according to the present invention, there is provided a processing method based on a cryogenic processing apparatus, the method comprising: the cold energy after the deep cooling treatment of the workpiece 6 to be treated is utilized to directly pre-cool the new workpiece 6 to be treated; and directly and continuously tempering the workpiece 6 to be treated after the deep cooling treatment.

According to the processing method based on the cryogenic processing equipment, redundant cold energy after cryogenic processing is directly used for precooling the workpiece to be processed, so that the cold energy is fully recycled, the workpiece is precooled, and the cryogenic processing efficiency is improved; in addition, the work piece after the deep cooling treatment is directly and continuously tempered, so that the process is continuous, and the efficiency can be improved.

Further, the processing method based on the cryogenic processing equipment further comprises the following steps: the low-temperature medium is conveyed into the box body 8 from the middle part of the box body 8; hot air is blown into one end of the case 8 by a blower. The hot air blows the gas in the tank 8 toward the other end of the tank 8 and passes through the cryogenic treatment zone in the middle. The intermediate cryogenic treatment zone is a zone where the workpiece 6 to be treated is subjected to cryogenic treatment at a relatively low temperature.

Further, the processing method based on the cryogenic processing equipment further comprises the following steps: the workpiece 6 to be processed is moved from the other end of the housing 8 to one end of the housing 8.

Further, in addition to the above embodiment, a cryogenic treatment apparatus includes: the low-temperature liquid storage tank 1, the low-temperature infusion tube 2, the low-temperature regulating valve 3, the box body 8, the hopper 5, the temperature sensor 11, the pressure sensor 18 and the controller, wherein the low-temperature medium is liquid nitrogen.

When the workpiece is processed, low-temperature liquid is atomized by the liquid nitrogen nozzle 10 from the annular space in the middle of the box body 8 of the cryogenic treatment equipment and then uniformly injected into the space of the box body 8 from the periphery. Then carries out heat exchange with the processed workpiece to realize the cryogenic treatment process. The controller controls the low-temperature regulating valve 3 through the lowest temperature in the middle of the cryogenic box, so that the low-temperature liquid can be orderly supplied for the opening of the low-temperature electromagnetic valve, and finally the lowest temperature of the system is controlled.

The controller controls the temperature of the workpiece of the enclosure 8 near the first end and the temperature gradient within the enclosure 8 by regulating the flow of hot air and temperature through the blower 16. The conveying belt 19 is arranged in the box body 8 of the cryogenic treatment equipment, and the workpieces 6 to be treated in the hopper 5 can be subjected to continuous cryogenic treatment and subsequent tempering treatment along with the conveying belt 19. The cold energy of the workpiece in the middle of the box body 8 is transmitted to the workpiece at the second end step by step through the action of the fan 16 for utilization, so that the full utilization of the cold energy in the continuous treatment process is ensured. Solves the defects of serious cold energy waste and discontinuous treatment process of the existing cryogenic treatment equipment. The invention has great significance for saving energy and reducing cost during the cryogenic treatment of materials.

Further, the case 8 may be horizontal, that is, the case 8 is placed horizontally, and the left and right ends have openings. The left end of the case 8 may be set as the main exhaust port 4, and the right end of the case 8 may be set as the intake port 14. The box 8 comprises a hopper inlet 7, a hopper outlet 13, a gas heater 15, an annular liquid inlet tank 9, a nozzle 10, a gas inlet 14, a main gas outlet 4, a side gas outlet 12, a fan 16 and a conveyor belt 19.

The box 8 may be, but not limited to, rectangular parallelepiped, and the left and right ends of the box 8 are respectively provided with a main exhaust port 4 and a gas heater 15. The top of the box body 8 at the end of the main exhaust port 4 is provided with a hopper inlet 7, and the top of the gas heater 15 is provided with a hopper outlet 13. The air inlet 14 is positioned inside the air heater 15, and air enters the air inlet 14 from the air heater 15 through the fan 16 and enters the box 8.

The conveyor belt 19 extends through the air inlet 14 and the air outlet. The annular liquid inlet groove 9 is arranged along the periphery of the box body 8. The nozzle 10 is arranged along the annular liquid inlet groove 9 and is distributed around the box body 8, the inlet of the low-temperature liquid nozzle 10 is connected with the annular liquid inlet groove 9, and the nozzle of the nozzle 10 is accommodated in the box body 8. The bypass exhaust port 12 is arranged between the annular liquid inlet groove 9 and the hopper outlet 13. The outlet 13 end of the hopper is provided with a gas heater 15 and a fan 16 to enable the hot air and the workpiece to perform convection heat exchange, so that tempering treatment can be performed on the workpiece.

The conveyor belt 19 conveys the hopper 5 containing the workpieces 6 to be processed from the left end to the right end at the bottom in the box 8, and the workpieces 6 to be processed are subjected to cryogenic treatment and tempering treatment in sequence.

The bypass exhaust port 12 is connected to a first valve, which may be a butterfly valve. Excess hot air may be exhausted from the side-port vents 12.

The controller comprehensively regulates environmental parameters such as temperature in the box body 8. The temperature in the box body 8 can realize the functions of deep cooling, heat preservation, temperature return, tempering and the like of workpiece treatment after being regulated by the controller. The cryogenic treatment and subsequent tempering process may be, but are not limited to, those shown in fig. 4. Referring to fig. 4, the abscissa indicates the length of the case 8, and the arrow points to the right end of the case 8. The ordinate indicates temperature.

In the middle of the tank 8, the low-temperature medium is conveyed to the inside of the tank 8 through the annular liquid inlet tank 9, so that the temperature is low, and the low-temperature medium is the lowest temperature zone in the tank 8, and the workpiece 6 to be processed is subjected to cryogenic treatment in the zone. The cold energy in the middle of the box 8 gradually moves to the left end under the blowing of the hot air, so that the temperature gradually rises from the middle of the box 8 to the left end of the box 8, namely, the main exhaust port 4 end, and the temperature of the air exhausted from the main exhaust port 4 can reach the room temperature.

At the right end of the box 8, i.e. the inlet 14 end, the temperature is higher because of the hot air input. The hot air temperature at the air inlet 14 may be any temperature between room temperature and tempering temperature.

According to the embodiment, in order to overcome the defects of low-temperature gas discharge, refrigeration loss and incapability of recycling cold of the existing cryogenic treatment equipment, the invention designs continuous cryogenic treatment equipment with cold recovery and tempering functions, wherein the continuous cryogenic treatment equipment utilizes a low-temperature medium to be sprayed into the equipment from an annular liquid inlet groove 9 of a box body 8; the equipment can fully utilize the cold energy of the workpiece and the equipment after the previous batch of treatment to carry out the cryogenic treatment on the next batch of workpieces, thereby realizing the recycling of the cold energy, realizing the continuous utilization of the cold energy in the treatment process, almost having no loss, finally reducing the low-temperature liquid consumption and reducing the energy consumption, simultaneously, continuously realizing the conventional supplementary tempering after the cryogenic treatment on the workpiece after the cryogenic treatment through the tempering function, and ensuring the continuity of the whole treatment process.

The continuous cryogenic treatment device can use low-temperature liquid as a refrigerant, the low-temperature liquid has a wide range, and the low-temperature liquid can be but not limited to liquid nitrogen, liquid hydrogen, liquid helium, liquid air and other low-temperature fluids can be used as cold sources for cryogenic treatment. For example, when liquid nitrogen is used as a refrigerant, the temperature control interval in the cryogenic box body 8 can be-196 ℃ to tempering temperature 180 ℃; when liquid helium is used as a refrigerant, the temperature control range in the cryogenic box body 8 is changed to be-268-180 ℃, and the selection of specific low-temperature liquid is determined according to the actually required temperature range.

Liquid nitrogen is used as a refrigerant, so that the cost is low, no environmental pollution is caused, and the operation is convenient. The liquid phase outlet of the liquid nitrogen storage tank is connected with one end of a low-temperature infusion tube 2, a low-temperature regulating valve 3 is arranged on a pipeline of the low-temperature infusion tube 2, the low-temperature regulating valve 3 is electrically connected with the controller, the other end of the low-temperature infusion tube 2 is connected with an annular liquid nitrogen liquid inlet groove of a box body 8, and a temperature sensor 11 is arranged in the cryogenic box body 8 and is electrically connected with the controller. The fan 16 is adopted to blow hot air for heating, and the technological parameters in the treatment process can be remotely controlled by a computer.

The air heater 15 can heat the air coming from the fan 16 to a high temperature, which can be between room temperature and 180 ℃, so as to control the temperature of the box body 8 and perform tempering treatment after deep cooling, and the specific tempering temperature value is determined according to the temperature required by the tempering process of the workpiece 6 to be treated.

The air volume of the blower 16 is adjustable and electrically connected to the controller, so that different air volumes can be provided, and tempering treatment after tempering and deep cooling treatment of the workpiece at the hopper outlet 13 is realized. Meanwhile, the temperature control in the deep cooling box can be assisted: when the temperature is too high, the hot air quantity in the fan 16 is reduced, and the temperature is assisted to be reduced; when the temperature is too low, increasing the hot air volume in the fan 16 to assist in raising the temperature; finally, the accurate control of the temperature of the box body 8 in the temperature range of-196 to 180 ℃ is realized.

The controller realizes the control of the temperature of the box body 8 through the coupling control of the air quantity of the fan 16, the liquid nitrogen feeding quantity and the air quantity discharged by the bypass air outlet 12.

The specific workflow of the cryogenic treatment device provided in this embodiment is: the workpieces 6 to be processed are placed in the respective hoppers 5. And setting a corresponding cooling curve on the controller according to the process requirements. The conveyor 19 switch is turned on and each hopper 5 is placed on the conveyor 19 in turn. When the conveyor belt 19 is fully filled with the hopper 5, the pressure sensor 18 under the conveyor belt 19 transmits a signal to the controller, and the conveyor belt 19 is automatically started and stopped.

The supply switch of the liquid nitrogen storage tank is started, high-pressure liquid nitrogen (0.6 MPa-1.6 MPa) enters the low-temperature infusion tube 2 from the liquid nitrogen storage tank, flows through the low-temperature regulating valve 3, enters the box body 8 at the nozzle 10, and cools the workpiece.

The temperature of the workpiece is detected by a temperature sensor 11 in the cryogenic box body 8 and compared with a preset process, and the air quantity of the low-temperature regulating valve 3, the air quantity of the fan 16 and the air quantity of the bypass exhaust port 12 are regulated by a controller. When the cryogenic temperature is too high, the opening of the low-temperature regulating valve 3 is regulated to be larger, the liquid nitrogen flow is increased, and the input cold quantity is increased; when the cryogenic temperature is too low, the opening of the low-temperature regulating valve 3 is reduced, the liquid nitrogen flow is reduced, the input cold quantity is reduced, and finally the temperature of the workpiece reaches a preset value. After the deep cooling treatment is finished, the air quantity of the air heater 16 is increased by the controller, the workpiece at the right end of the conveyor belt 19 is subjected to tempering and tempering treatment, and meanwhile, the cooling capacity of the workpiece at the right end of the conveyor belt 19 is blown to the workpiece at the left end to continuously treat the workpiece.

The workpiece hoppers 5 which are subjected to the deep cooling treatment at the right end of the conveyor belt 19 and are subjected to the temperature return are taken out, the number of the hoppers 5 on the conveyor belt 19 is reduced, and the quality is reduced; the pressure sensor 18 transmits a signal to the controller, and the controller starts the conveyor belt 19 once, and the conveyor belt 19 moves forward by a distance corresponding to one hopper 5; a new workpiece magazine 5 to be processed is placed in the left end of the conveyor belt 19. And so on.

The opening of the low-temperature regulating valve 3 is regulated by the feedback of the controller, so that the liquid nitrogen supply quantity, the hot air inlet quantity and the bypass exhaust port 12 air quantity are increased or reduced, and the temperature in the cryogenic box body 8 is accurately controlled to any required value within the interval of-196-180 ℃. The air quantity of the air heater 16 and the air quantity of the bypass exhaust port 12 are fed back and adjusted through the controller to achieve two purposes: firstly, tempering treatment after tempering and deep cooling of the workpieces is realized, and meanwhile, cold air brings cold energy to the next batch of workpieces; secondly, the temperature control in the box is assisted, when the temperature is too high, the hot air volume in the fan 16 is reduced, the air volume of the side air outlet 12 is increased, and the temperature is assisted to be reduced; when the temperature is too low, the hot air volume in the fan 16 is increased, the air volume of the bypass exhaust port 12 is reduced, and the temperature is assisted to rise. The number of hoppers 5 on the conveyor belt 19 which are kept full in weight is achieved by controlling the feedback of the feedback device to adjust the start and stop of the conveyor belt 19.

Further, the box 8 of the cryogenic treatment device is not limited to be horizontal, the box 8 can be made to be vertical, referring to fig. 5, the box 8 is erected, the upper end of the box 8 is provided with a feed inlet and a main exhaust port 4, and the lower end is provided with a discharge outlet and an air inlet 14. For workpieces with low viscosity, the conveyor belt 19 and the hopper 5 can be removed, and the continuous operation can be completed by descending and discharging the workpieces by the gravity of the workpieces. In some cases, the outlet may be formed as a funnel-shaped constriction.

The arrangement modes of the liquid nitrogen storage tank, the low-temperature regulating valve 3, the annular liquid inlet groove 9, the fan 16, the gas heater 15, the air inlet 14, the main air outlet 4, the side air outlet 12, the temperature sensor 11, the controller and other parts of the device are similar to those of the horizontal cryogenic treatment equipment, the temperature and the operation flow field are the same, and the device is specifically determined according to the actual technological requirements of a required temperature interval and the like, and is not repeated herein.

The work piece processed by the cryogenic treatment apparatus may be, but is not limited to, objects requiring low temperature processing such as metals, plastics, foods, and pharmaceuticals.

According to the cryogenic treatment device provided by the embodiment of the invention, the air inlet 14, the annular liquid inlet groove 9 and the main air outlet 4 are formed at the same time. When the workpiece is processed, low-temperature liquid is sprayed from the periphery of the equipment through the nozzle 10 from the annular liquid inlet tank 9 and is mixed with hot air, so that the required low-temperature environment is maintained in the cryogenic box body 8, and the workpiece is subjected to cryogenic treatment. The hot air of the hot air can continuously temper the workpiece at the outlet of the hopper 5. Therefore, the workpiece is continuously subjected to deep cooling and subsequent tempering treatment, and sprayed low-temperature liquid, cold air and cold energy in the workpiece are blown to the workpiece by hot air to perform convection heat exchange, so that the cold energy is continuously recycled.

The cryogenic treatment equipment is provided with a controller, and the controller adjusts the low-temperature liquid supply quantity, the hot air inlet quantity and the bypass exhaust port 12 exhaust quantity through feedback, so that the temperature of an inner workpiece reaches the requirement. The temperature control in the box is mainly finished by low-temperature liquid inlet amount, and the air quantity of the fan 16 is adjusted in a micro-scale manner to assist in temperature control. When the temperature is too high, the hot air quantity of the fan 16 is reduced to assist the temperature to drop; when the temperature is too low, increasing the hot air volume in the fan 16 to assist in raising the temperature; and finally, the accurate control of the temperature required by the workpiece is realized.

The conveying belt 19 is arranged in the cryogenic treatment equipment, the workpiece 6 to be treated in the hopper 5 can be subjected to continuous cryogenic treatment and subsequent tempering treatment along with the conveying belt 19, the cold energy is continuously utilized, the equipment does not need to be repeatedly opened and closed, and the labor is saved.

The cryogenic treatment equipment can fully recycle low-temperature gas cold energy, reduce energy consumption and simultaneously continuously perform cryogenic treatment and tempering treatment on the premise of ensuring the performance of the cryogenic treatment equipment, thereby remarkably improving production efficiency.

Finally, the methods of the present application are only preferred embodiments and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A cryogenic treatment apparatus, comprising: a box body for performing cryogenic treatment on a workpiece to be treated; the box has air inlet and main gas vent, and hot gas passes through the air inlet gets into inside the box, gas in the box passes through main gas vent is discharged between the air inlet of box and main gas vent, encircle the lateral wall of box sets up an annular feed liquor groove, annular feed liquor groove is used for to carry low temperature medium in the box, gas at the air inlet end in the box passes annular feed liquor groove place the plane is followed main gas vent discharges, and when waiting to handle the work piece carries out cryogenic treatment, wait to handle the work piece follow main gas vent end of box to the air inlet end removes.

2. The cryogenic treatment apparatus of claim 1, wherein the tank is shaped as a cylinder, the air inlet and the main air outlet are respectively located at two ends of the tank, the annular liquid inlet tank is located in the middle of the tank, and a plane in which the annular liquid inlet tank is located is perpendicular to an axial direction of the tank.

3. Cryogenic treatment plant according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising: a plurality of nozzles; the inlet of the nozzle is connected with the annular liquid inlet groove, the nozzle opening of the nozzle faces the inside of the box body, a plurality of nozzles are uniformly distributed around the box body along the annular liquid inlet groove, the annular liquid inlet groove is connected with one end of a low-temperature infusion tube, the other end of the low-temperature infusion tube is connected with a low-temperature liquid storage tank, and the low-temperature infusion tube is connected with a low-temperature regulating valve in series.

4. A cryogenic processing plant according to claim 3, further comprising: a gas heater and a blower; the outlet of the gas heater is connected with the gas inlet, and the inlet of the gas heater is connected with the fan.

5. The apparatus according to claim 1, 2 or 4, wherein a first baffle is disposed inside the air inlet, a second baffle is disposed inside the main air outlet, the first baffle is fixedly connected to the inner side wall of the tank, is disposed parallel to the air inlet, and is provided with a plurality of small holes, and the second baffle is fixedly connected to the inner side wall of the tank, is disposed parallel to the main air outlet, and is provided with a plurality of small holes.

6. The cryogenic treatment apparatus of claim 4, wherein a side vent is provided in a side wall of the tank, the side vent being located between the annular liquid inlet tank and the air inlet, the side vent being connected to a first valve.

7. The cryogenic treatment apparatus of claim 6, wherein the workpieces to be treated are placed in hoppers, a plurality of hoppers are placed in the box body, the wall surfaces of the hoppers are hollow structures, a hopper inlet is formed in the position, close to the main exhaust port, of the box body, a hopper outlet is formed in the position, close to the air inlet, of the box body, a first gate is arranged at the position of the hopper inlet, and a second gate is arranged at the position of the hopper outlet.

8. The cryogenic processing apparatus of claim 7 further comprising: a conveyor belt; the conveying belt penetrates through the box body from the air inlet and the main air outlet, and the workpiece to be processed is placed above the conveying belt and driven by the conveying belt to move.

9. The cryogenic processing apparatus of claim 8 further comprising: a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, and a controller; the temperature sensor is fixedly connected with the inner side wall of the box body, the pressure sensor is fixedly arranged below the conveying belt and contacts with the conveying belt, and the controller is respectively connected with the low-temperature regulating valve, the first valve, the fan, the conveying belt, the temperature sensor, the pressure sensor, the first gate and the second gate.

10. A treatment method based on the cryogenic treatment equipment of any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that the cold energy after the cryogenic treatment of the workpiece to be treated is utilized to directly pre-cool the new workpiece to be treated; and directly and continuously tempering the workpiece to be treated after the deep cooling treatment.