CN108277057B - 一种润滑油添加剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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- 229910052982 molybdenum disulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 41
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种纳米润滑油添加剂，原料成分包括纳米四氧化三铁‑二硫化钼（Fe3O4@MoS2）复合物和液态石蜡，在将原料成分混合的过程中，将纳米Fe3O4@MoS2与液态石蜡在超声波环境下，混合均匀；其中，纳米Fe3O4@MoS2的量以质量百分比计为0.02‑1.1％，其中纳米Fe3O4@MoS2制备包括两个过程：采用溶剂法制备Fe3O4纳米颗粒，粒径大小为40‑60nm；采用水热法制备Fe3O4@MoS2纳米复合物，粒径大小为400‑600nm，在润滑油使用的过程中，该添加剂可以提高润滑油抗磨减磨的性能；在润滑油失效、丢弃到自然中后，该添加剂可以作为废润滑油的催化剂，有良好的光降解作用。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于机械摩擦润滑技术领域，具体涉及一种润滑油添加剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
磨损是国民经济和日常生活的各个领域中普遍存在的现象，磨损是由摩擦引起的。磨损是造成机械零件失效的主要原因之一，对机械零件的寿命、可靠性有极大的影响。各种润滑油在使用一段时间后，由于受物理、化学或人为因素的影响导致了润滑油的性能劣化，使油品的酸值增加，颜色变黑；由于机件磨损，润滑油中会侵入金属屑等，从而失去油品原有的优良使用性能。然而，废润滑油是危险废物，因为它含有多种有毒性物质，严重危害人体健康和造成环境污染。由于润滑油中加有各种添加剂，添加剂中含有硫、磷、铅、铬等有毒物质，还含有致癌的稠环芳香烃。随意倾倒废油会造成水和土壤的污染，未经处理的废油燃烧会产生有害的空气污染物。如果把废油排放出来进入土壤，可导致植物死亡，被污染土壤内微生物灭绝。如果废油进入饮水源，一吨废油可污染100万吨饮用水。
目前的润滑油添加剂，大多含有P、S等有害物质，且抗磨减摩效果并不显著；同时，对于废润滑油也不具备光降解能力，需要改进。
发明内容
针对现有润滑油抗磨减摩效果不佳、废弃润滑油对环境污染问题，本申请提供了一种可以提高摩擦学性能及对废润滑油降解的绿色环保的纳米润滑油添加剂。
一种润滑油添加剂，原料成分包括纳米四氧化三铁-二硫化钼（Fe3O4@MoS2）复合物和液态石蜡，在将原料成分混合的过程中，将纳米Fe3O4@MoS2与液态石蜡在超声波环境下，混合均匀；其中，纳米Fe3O4@MoS2的量以质量百分比计为0.02-1.1％。
上述纳米Fe3O4@MoS2复合物的制备包括两个过程：
1、采用溶剂法制备Fe3O4纳米颗粒，粒径大小为40-60nm。
6-10g的六水合三氯化铁（FeCl3·6H2O）和2-6g的三水合醋酸钠（CH3COONa·3H2O）分散到50-80mL的乙二醇（(CH2OH)2）中，混合液超声30分钟；然后将混合液转移到100mL的聚四氟乙烯内衬不锈钢高压釜中，在150-250℃下加热6-18小时；冷却到室温后，使用水、乙醇清洗，通过离心分离；最后，将黑色产品放入烘箱中，在60℃下，加热12小时烘干。
2、采用水热法制备Fe3O4@MoS2纳米复合物，粒径大小为400-600nm。
0.4-0.8g的四水合钼酸铵（(NH4)6Mo7O24·4H2O）和1-1.8g的硫脲（SC(NH2)2）分散到18-30mL的去离子水中，混合液超声30分钟；然后加入20-50mg的Fe3O4纳米颗粒，再超声30分钟。然后将混合液转移到50mL的聚四氟乙烯内衬不锈钢高压釜中，在150-250℃下加热6-18小时；冷却到室温后，使用水、乙醇清洗，通过离心分离。最后，将黑色产品放入烘箱中，在60℃下，加热12小时。
本发明的有益效果是：
本发明所述的润滑油添加剂，方法科学、简单易行，能显著地改善润滑油摩擦学性能，具有优异的降解能力，无二次污染，保护环境。经过实验检验，按0.08%重量加入液态石蜡中可较少摩擦系数30.3%，磨斑直径26.8%。在光照24h、磁力搅拌条件下，0.1%重量Fe3O4@MoS2复合物作为催化剂，液体石蜡可降解59.7%。
附图内容
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明进一步说明。
图1是Fe3O4@MoS2纳米复合物的制备过程。
图2是按实施例2制备得到的Fe3O4NPs。
图3是按实施例2制备得到的Fe3O4@MoS2。
图1中 1.六水合三氯化铁（FeCl3·6H2O），2.三水合醋酸钠（CH3COONa·3H2O），3.四水合钼酸铵（(NH4)6Mo7O24·4H2O），4.硫脲（SC(NH2)2），5.乙二醇（(CH2OH)2），6.100mL的聚四氟乙烯内衬不锈钢高压釜，7.四氧化三铁纳米颗粒（Fe3O4NPs），8.50mL的聚四氟乙烯内衬不锈钢高压釜，9.去离子水，10.四氧化三铁-二硫化钼（Fe3O4@MoS2）纳米复合物。
具体实施方式
以下结合具体实施例对本方面作进一步详述，而本发明的保护范围并非仅仅局限于以下实施例。
实施例1：
本润滑油添加剂由以下份量原料、反应条件制备：
6g的FeCl3·6H2O，2g的CH3COONa·3H2O，50mL的乙二醇，在150℃下加热6小时得到Fe3O4纳米颗粒；0.4g的钼酸铵(NH4)6Mo7O24·4H2O，1g的硫脲SC(NH2)2，18mL的去离子水，在150℃下加热6小时，得到纳米Fe3O4@MoS2复合物，最后将纳米Fe3O4@MoS2与液态石蜡在超声波环境下，混合均匀；其中，纳米Fe3O4@MoS2的量以质量百分比计为0.02％。
实施例2：
8g的FeCl3·6H2O，4g的CH3COONa·3H2O，70mL的乙二醇，在200℃下加热8小时得到Fe3O4纳米颗粒；0.6g的钼酸铵(NH4)6Mo7O24·4H2O，1.4g的硫脲SC(NH2)2，24mL的去离子水，在200℃下加热12小时，得到纳米Fe3O4@MoS2复合物，最后将纳米Fe3O4@MoS2与液态石蜡在超声波环境下，混合均匀；其中，纳米Fe3O4@MoS2的量以质量百分比计为0.63％。
实施例3：
10g的FeCl3·6H2O，6g的CH3COONa·3H2O，80mL的乙二醇，在250℃下加热18小时得到Fe3O4纳米颗粒；0.8g的钼酸铵(NH4)6Mo7O24·4H2O，1.8g的硫脲SC(NH2)2，30mL的去离子水，在250℃下加热18小时，得到纳米Fe3O4@MoS2复合物，最后将纳米Fe3O4@MoS2与液态石蜡在超声波环境下，混合均匀；其中，纳米Fe3O4@MoS2的量以质量百分比计为1.1％。
采用四球摩擦磨损试验机评价实施例2的润滑油添加剂的抗磨减磨效果。所用钢球材质直径12.7mm，转速1200r/min，时间30min，测量磨完钢球的平均磨斑直径（AWSD）。同时采用光化学反应仪，在模拟太阳光的照射、磁力搅拌下，反应时间24小时，把纳米Fe3O4@MoS2复合物作为光催化剂研究液态石蜡的光降解性能。
实验表明，采用这种按实施例2制备的纳米Fe3O4@MoS2复合物，以0.08%重量加入液态石蜡中可较少摩擦系数30.3%，磨斑直径26.8%，0.1%重量Fe3O4@MoS2复合物作为催化剂，液体石蜡可降解59.7%。
本发明方案所公开的技术手段不仅限于上述实施方式所公开的技术手段，还包括由以上技术特征任意组合所组成的技术方案。
Claims (4)
1.绿色环保的纳米润滑油添加剂用于提高润滑油摩擦学性能及对废润滑油降解的用途，其特征在于：所述绿色环保的纳米润滑油添加剂原料成分包括纳米Fe3O4@MoS2复合物和液态石蜡，在将原料成分混合的过程中，将纳米Fe3O4@MoS2复合物与液态石蜡在超声波环境下，混合均匀；其中，纳米Fe3O4@MoS2复合物的量以质量百分比计为0.02-1.1％。
2.根据权利要求1所述的绿色环保的纳米润滑油添加剂用于提高润滑油摩擦学性能及对废润滑油降解的用途，其特征在于：所述绿色环保的纳米润滑油添加剂由以下份量原料、反应条件制备：
6g的FeCl3•6H2O，2g的CH3COONa•3H2O，50mL的乙二醇，在150℃下加热6小时得到Fe3O4纳米颗粒；0.4g的钼酸铵(NH4)6Mo7O24•4H2O，1g的硫脲SC(NH2)2，18mL的去离子水，在150℃下加热6小时，得到纳米Fe3O4@MoS2复合物，最后将纳米Fe3O4@MoS2复合物与液态石蜡在超声波环境下，混合均匀；其中，纳米Fe3O4@MoS2复合物的量以质量百分比计为0.02％。
3.根据权利要求1所述的绿色环保的纳米润滑油添加剂用于提高润滑油摩擦学性能及对废润滑油降解的用途，其特征在于：所述绿色环保的纳米润滑油添加剂由以下份量原料、反应条件制备：
8g的FeCl3•6H2O，4g的CH3COONa•3H2O，70mL的乙二醇，在200℃下加热8小时得到Fe3O4纳米颗粒；0.6g的钼酸铵(NH4)6Mo7O24•4H2O，1.4g的硫脲SC(NH2)2，24mL的去离子水，在200℃下加热12小时，得到纳米Fe3O4@MoS2复合物，最后将纳米Fe3O4@MoS2复合物与液态石蜡在超声波环境下，混合均匀；其中，纳米Fe3O4@MoS2复合物的量以质量百分比计为0.63％。
4.根据权利要求1所述的绿色环保的纳米润滑油添加剂用于提高润滑油摩擦学性能及对废润滑油降解的用途，其特征在于：所述绿色环保的纳米润滑油添加剂由以下份量原料、反应条件制备：
10g的FeCl3•6H2O，6g的CH3COONa•3H2O，80mL的乙二醇，在250℃下加热18小时得到Fe3O4纳米颗粒；0.8g的钼酸铵(NH4)6Mo7O24•4H2O，1.8g的硫脲SC(NH2)2，30mL的去离子水，在250℃下加热18小时，得到纳米Fe3O4@MoS2复合物，最后将纳米Fe3O4@MoS2复合物与液态石蜡在超声波环境下，混合均匀；其中，纳米Fe3O4@MoS2复合物的量以质量百分比计为1.1％。
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