CN108274857A - 一种抗钉杆撕裂强度高的双面粘防水卷材 - Google Patents

一种抗钉杆撕裂强度高的双面粘防水卷材 Download PDF

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CN108274857A
CN108274857A CN201810206595.4A CN201810206595A CN108274857A CN 108274857 A CN108274857 A CN 108274857A CN 201810206595 A CN201810206595 A CN 201810206595A CN 108274857 A CN108274857 A CN 108274857A
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伍盛江
卢桂才
朱方伍
胡豫
陈立斌
陆善庆
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GUANGXI GOLDEN UMBRELLA WATERPROOFING CO Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种抗钉杆撕裂强度高的双面粘防水卷材，包括至少一层主体增强层、至少两层胶料层，所述相邻两层胶料层之间设有一层主体增强层，所述主体增强层为皮芯型复合长纤维抗撕裂布。本发明使用皮芯型复合长纤维抗撕裂布作为防水卷材的主体增强层，利用皮芯型复合长纤维抗撕裂布模量高、热稳定性高的优点，可提高双面粘防水卷材的抗钉杆撕裂强度及高温尺寸稳定性，皮芯型复合长纤维抗撕裂布的孔隙率高，可使上下两侧的胶料层进行渗透并相互结合，提高了防水卷材各胶料层之间的结合性，并采用PA为外层材质，提高皮芯型复合长纤维抗撕裂布与胶料层结合强度，从而提高防水卷材的防水性能和使用寿命。

Description

一种抗钉杆撕裂强度高的双面粘防水卷材
技术领域
本发明属于建筑防水卷材技术领域，尤其涉及一种抗钉杆撕裂强度高的双面粘防水卷材。
背景技术
湿铺防水卷材是一种高性能防水卷材，具有对基面要求低，施工过程不受天气变化的影响，能在潮湿基面上施工，可以极大的缩短工期，且湿铺防水卷材能与建筑主体结构实现满粘、粘接可靠，安全环保等优点，目前市面上常用的湿铺防水卷材，通常是使用聚酯膜或聚乙烯膜作为制作主体增强材料，聚酯膜具有强度高的优点，但该材质较脆，抗钉杆撕裂性较差，使用聚酯膜作为主体增强材料的湿铺防水卷材，在施工或使用过程中，被钉子等戳破后，容易造成防水卷材开裂，而聚乙烯膜具有良好的延伸率，但是由于聚乙烯的线膨胀系数较大，使用聚乙烯膜作为主体增强材料的湿铺防水卷材在高温的环境下，尺寸稳定性差，易发生变形，而且采用塑料膜作为主体增强材料时，塑料膜两侧的沥青无法穿过塑料膜，防水卷材容易分层，例如，申请号为201510959497.4的中国专利公开了一种双面粘合沥青基PET载体湿铺防水卷材，所述的防水卷材包括PET膜、改性胶料层、PE膜，所述的PET膜厚度为0.1—0.2㎜，所述的改性胶料层厚度为0.7—1.5㎜，所述的PE膜厚度为0.03—0.05㎜，该湿铺防水卷材中，PET膜的厚度为0.1—0.2㎜，该防水卷材使用PET膜作为主体增强材料，PET膜具有强度高的优点，但该材质较脆，抗钉杆撕裂性较差，在建筑热胀冷缩使会产生应力，拉动附着在建筑上的防水卷材，PET膜某处一旦被刺破，在外部应力的作用下，PET膜会在刺破处产生较大的裂纹，造成防水卷材失效，影响建筑的防水效果，且PET膜两侧的改性胶料层无法透过PET膜，导致PET膜两侧的改性胶料层容易分层，影响防水效果。
发明内容
为解决上述技术问题，本发明提供了一种抗钉杆撕裂强度高的双面粘防水卷材，可以解决现有双面粘防水卷材抗钉杆撕裂强度低，高温尺寸稳定性差、易分层的问题。
本发明通过以下技术方案得以实现。
本发明提供的一种抗钉杆撕裂强度高的双面粘防水卷材，包括至少一层主体增强层、至少两层胶料层，所述相邻两层胶料层之间设有一层主体增强层，所述主体增强层为皮芯型复合长纤维抗撕裂布。
还包括两层隔离保护层，所述隔离保护层分别覆盖在最上层和最下层的胶料层的外表面。
所述隔离保护层是聚乙烯类隔离膜、聚丙烯类隔离膜、聚酯类隔离膜、隔离纸中的一种。
所述皮芯型复合长纤维抗撕裂布由皮芯型复合长纤维组成。
所述皮芯型复合长纤维设有内层和外层，所述外层包裹在内层外围。
所述所述皮芯型复合长纤维的截面为同心圆形、偏心圆形或异型截面。
所述皮芯型复合长纤维的截面为同心圆形。
所述内层的材质为PET，所述外层的材质为PP、PA、PE或改性PET。
所述外层的材质为PA。
所述皮芯型复合长纤维抗撕裂布的克重为20至200克每平方米。
所述胶料层的材质为天然沥青、改性沥青或热熔胶。
所述胶料层的厚度为0.2mm至1.0mm。
本发明的有益效果在于：使用皮芯型复合长纤维抗撕裂布作为防水卷材的主体增强层，利用皮芯型复合长纤维抗撕裂布模量高、热稳定性高的优点，可提高双面粘防水卷材的抗钉杆撕裂强度及高温尺寸稳定性，皮芯型复合长纤维抗撕裂布的孔隙率高，可使上下两侧的胶料层进行渗透并相互结合，提高了防水卷材各胶料层之间的结合性，并采用PA为外层材质，提高皮芯型复合长纤维抗撕裂布与胶料层结合强度，从而提高防水卷材的防水性能和使用寿命。
附图说明
图1是本发明采用一层主体增强层加两层胶料层的示意图；
图2是本发明采用两层主体增强层加三层胶料层的示意图；
图3是皮芯型复合长纤维抗撕裂布的结构示意图；
图4是皮芯型复合长纤维相互结合的示意图；
图5是皮芯型复合长纤维的截面为同心圆的结构示意图；
图6是皮芯型复合长纤维的截面为偏心圆的结构示意图；
图7是皮芯型复合长纤维的截面为异型截面的结构示意图；
图中：1-主体增强层，2-胶料层，3-隔离保护层，4-内层，5-外层。
具体实施方式
下面进一步描述本发明的技术方案，但要求保护的范围并不局限于所述。
如图1、图2所示，一种抗钉杆撕裂强度高的双面粘防水卷材，包括至少一层主体增强层1、至少两层胶料层2，所述相邻两层胶料层2之间设有一层主体增强层1，所述主体增强层1为皮芯型复合长纤维抗撕裂布，皮芯型复合长纤维抗撕裂布上有多个孔隙，且皮芯型复合长纤维抗撕裂布具有较高的比表面积，胶料层2上的沥青可以浸入皮芯型复合长纤维抗撕裂布中，通过沾粘形成稳固的连接，皮芯型复合长纤维抗撕裂布在胶料层2中起到骨架的作用，防水卷材被钉子等异物戳破后，皮芯型复合长纤维抗撕裂布上的纤维间相互拉扯，防止戳破处的孔洞进一步扩大，在高温环境下，由于复合纤维抗撕裂布的尺寸变化率较小，从而降低防止卷材的尺寸变化率，防止卷材在施工后在高温环境下出现翘边等情况。
还包括两层隔离保护层3，所述隔离保护层3分别覆盖在最上层和最下层的胶料层2的外表面，隔离保护层3可防止胶料层2在使用前与空气中的氧气或含盐碱的水接触产生老化作用，并防止运输过程中被污染，防止胶料之间的粘结。
所述隔离保护层3是聚乙烯类隔离膜、聚丙烯类隔离膜、聚酯类隔离膜、隔离纸中的一种。
如图3、图4所示，所述皮芯型复合长纤维抗撕裂布由皮芯型复合长纤维通过“热压法”制成，其制作方法为，先将皮芯型复合长纤维无序的铺在平面上，然后通过加热的方式将皮芯型复合长纤维的外层5融化，并辅助压力，使纤维之间粘结在一起，最终形成一层皮芯型复合长纤维抗撕裂布，在生产克重为50克每平方米以上的无纺布时，常规的生产工艺是将多层克重为20至30克每平方米的无纺布通过“热压法”结合成一层产品，这种无纺布所制作成的防水卷材，防水卷材与基面剥离时，容易在此处出现两层分离的情况，同时因为长纤维之间无序的交叠，孔隙率较小，不利于胶料的渗透，而本专利中的皮芯型复合长纤维抗撕裂布均为一次热压成型，不仅提高孔隙率，同时还可提高皮芯型复合长纤维之间的结合力，使皮芯型复合长纤维抗撕裂布不易分层，通过热压法所制成的皮芯型复合长纤维抗撕裂布，无需使用胶水进行粘连，连接强度高且使用避免了使用过程中胶水易降解的问题，提高防水卷材的使用寿命。
如图5、图6、图7所示，所述皮芯型复合长纤维设有内层4和外层5，所述外层5包裹在内层4外围，使内层4和外层5不易分离，同时在制作皮芯型复合长纤维抗撕裂布时，只有外层5之间热熔粘结，同一种材料相互热熔粘结的效果比两种不同材料间的热熔粘结效果要好，进而提高皮芯型复合长纤维抗撕裂布纤维之间的连接强度，提高抗撕裂强度。
如图5、图6、图7所示，所述皮芯型复合长纤维的截面为同心圆形、偏心圆形或异型截面。
如图5所示，所述皮芯型复合长纤维的截面优选为同心圆形，内层4和外层5呈同心圆形，使外层5的厚度统一，在使用“热压法”制作皮芯型复合长纤维抗撕裂布时，便于控制温度、压力、时间工艺参数来控制外层5之间的熔合深度，提高皮芯型复合长纤维抗撕裂布的抗拉强度。
所述内层4的材质为PET，所述外层5的材质为PP、PA、PE或改性PET，PET具有模量高、高温尺寸稳定性高的特点，用PET作为皮芯型复合长纤维的内层，可以提高皮芯型复合长纤维的抗拉强度及高温尺寸稳定性，外层5所用的PP、PA、PE或改性PET的熔点比内层4所用的PET的熔点要低，在使用皮芯型复合长纤维制作皮芯型复合长纤维抗撕裂布时，将热熔温度控制在内外层材质的熔点之间，可使外层5熔化而内层4保持固体形态，防止纤维整根被熔断，可以提高热熔粘结强度及皮芯型复合长纤维抗撕裂布的抗撕裂强度。
所述外层5的材质为PA，虽然PA和PET的分子主链上均含有极性基团，但PET的极性基团为弱极性，因此PET的极性较弱，而PA的极性基团为强极性，且存在N—H键，而胶料层2中的胶质为强极性，根据相似相溶，PA与胶质的结合强度要高于PET，同时由于PA存在N—H键，PA易与胶质中的极性分子形成氢键，更进一步提高皮芯型复合长纤维抗撕裂布与胶料层2的结合强度，提高防水卷材的撕裂强度和高温尺寸稳定性，作为优选内层4和外层5的直径比为7:3至9:1，通过调整内层4和外层5的直径比，可以调整皮芯型复合长纤维的延伸率，使其满足不同的使用需求。
所述皮芯型复合长纤维抗撕裂布的克重为20至200克每平方米，皮芯型复合长纤维抗撕裂布克重大于200克每平方米时，其内部的孔隙较少，不利于沥青的渗入，同时皮芯型复合长纤维抗撕裂布克重较大时其伸长率较低，降低防水卷材的延伸率性能，皮芯型复合长纤维抗撕裂布克重小于20克每平方米时，皮芯型复合长纤维抗撕裂布的强度较低，达不到增强防水卷材的目的，根据实际使用情况，优选方案为：
方案一：如图1所示，防水卷材中设有一层主体增强层1和两层胶料层2，主体增强层1采用50克每平方米的皮芯型复合长纤维抗撕裂布，其优点是只需添加一层皮芯型复合长纤维抗撕裂布，生产工序简单，生产效率高，且由于只添加一层皮芯型复合长纤维抗撕裂布，防水卷材的厚度可以做得较薄。
方案二：如图2所示，防水卷材中设有两层主体增强层1和三层胶料层2，主体增强层1采用30克每平方米的皮芯型复合长纤维抗撕裂布，其优点是低克数的皮芯型复合长纤维抗撕裂布拥有更大的孔隙，有利于沥青的浸透，皮芯型复合长纤维抗撕裂布与胶料层2的连接强度更高，通过两层皮芯型复合长纤维抗撕裂布的叠加，提高方式卷材的抗撕裂性能。
所述胶料层2的材质为天然沥青、改性沥青或热熔胶。
所述胶料层2的厚度为0.2mm至1.0mm。

Claims (12)

1.一种抗钉杆撕裂强度高的双面粘防水卷材，其特征在于：包括至少一层主体增强层(1)、至少两层胶料层(2)，所述相邻两层胶料层(2)之间设有一层主体增强层(1)，所述主体增强层(1)为皮芯型复合长纤维抗撕裂布。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种抗钉杆撕裂强度高的双面粘防水卷材，其特征在于：还包括两层隔离保护层(3)，所述隔离保护层(3)分别覆盖在最上层和最下层的胶料层(2)的外表面。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种抗钉杆撕裂强度高的双面粘防水卷材，其特征在于：所述隔离保护层(3)是聚乙烯类隔离膜、聚丙烯类隔离膜、聚酯类隔离膜、隔离纸中的一种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种抗钉杆撕裂强度高的双面粘防水卷材，其特征在于：所述皮芯型复合长纤维抗撕裂布由皮芯型复合长纤维组成。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种抗钉杆撕裂强度高的双面粘防水卷材，其特征在于：所述皮芯型复合长纤维设有内层(4)和外层(5)，所述外层(5)包裹在内层(4)外围。
6.根据权利要求5所述的一种抗钉杆撕裂强度高的双面粘防水卷材，其特征在于：所述皮芯型复合长纤维的截面为同心圆形、偏心圆形或异型截面。
7.根据权利要求6所述的一种抗钉杆撕裂强度高的双面粘防水卷材，其特征在于：所述皮芯型复合长纤维的截面为同心圆形。
8.根据权利要求5所述的一种抗钉杆撕裂强度高的双面粘防水卷材，其特征在于：所述内层(4)的材质为PET，所述外层(5)的材质为PP、PA、PE或改性PET。
9.根据权利要求6所述的一种抗钉杆撕裂强度高的双面粘防水卷材，其特征在于：所述外层(5)的材质为PA。
10.根据权利要求1所述的一种抗钉杆撕裂强度高的双面粘防水卷材，其特征在于：所述皮芯型复合长纤维抗撕裂布的克重为20至200克每平方米。
11.根据权利要求1所述的一种抗钉杆撕裂强度高的双面粘防水卷材，其特征在于：所述胶料层(2)的材质为天然沥青、改性沥青或热熔胶。
12.根据权利要求1所述的一种抗钉杆撕裂强度高的双面粘防水卷材，其特征在于：所述胶料层(2)的厚度为0.2mm至1.0mm。
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