CN108274669B - Grinding and polishing method for transparent rock-like material containing 3D printing cracks - Google Patents
Grinding and polishing method for transparent rock-like material containing 3D printing cracks Download PDFInfo
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- CN108274669B CN108274669B CN201810066729.7A CN201810066729A CN108274669B CN 108274669 B CN108274669 B CN 108274669B CN 201810066729 A CN201810066729 A CN 201810066729A CN 108274669 B CN108274669 B CN 108274669B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C39/00—Shaping by casting, i.e. introducing the moulding material into a mould or between confining surfaces without significant moulding pressure; Apparatus therefor
- B29C39/02—Shaping by casting, i.e. introducing the moulding material into a mould or between confining surfaces without significant moulding pressure; Apparatus therefor for making articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
- B29C39/10—Shaping by casting, i.e. introducing the moulding material into a mould or between confining surfaces without significant moulding pressure; Apparatus therefor for making articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. casting around inserts or for coating articles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B1/00—Processes of grinding or polishing; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such processes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C33/00—Moulds or cores; Details thereof or accessories therefor
- B29C33/38—Moulds or cores; Details thereof or accessories therefor characterised by the material or the manufacturing process
- B29C33/3842—Manufacturing moulds, e.g. shaping the mould surface by machining
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C39/00—Shaping by casting, i.e. introducing the moulding material into a mould or between confining surfaces without significant moulding pressure; Apparatus therefor
- B29C39/22—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/286—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q involving mechanical work, e.g. chopping, disintegrating, compacting, homogenising
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/32—Polishing; Etching
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)
- Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of rock engineering, and relates to a method for polishing a fracture-and-hole-containing transparent rock-like material. The invention provides a transparent rock-like material grinding and polishing method aiming at the defects and defects in the existing transparent rock-like material manufacturing method, and the transparent rock-like material grinding and polishing method adopts 3D printed oval slices as cracks in rocks and has the characteristic of high precision. The invention can effectively keep the characteristics of good brittleness and large tension-compression ratio of the unsaturated resin, and the surface of the unsaturated resin solidified piece is bright and clean and transparent after the coating of the crystal resin A glue and the crystal resin B glue, thereby being capable of well performing the experimental process of photographing and video recording.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of rock engineering, and relates to a method for polishing a fracture-and-hole-containing transparent rock-like material.
Background
The rock undergoes the action of a long geological structure, and has the defects of a large number of cracks, holes and the like in the interior, so that the mechanical property of the rock is changed, the ultimate bearing capacity of the rock is reduced, and engineering disasters such as collapse, rock burst and the like are easy to happen. Because the rock in nature is in complicated geological activity, the stress environments are different, and the shapes and occurrence modes of fractures in the rock are different. Therefore, the research on the destructive behavior of the defect medium containing the flaky fractures with different shapes, the complex fracture network and the like is developed, and the method has important academic and engineering significance.
When the mechanical characteristics and the fracture characteristic rule of the engineering rock are researched, a laboratory test is adopted and is an effective method, and due to the difficulty in prefabricating the fracture and observing the fracture expansion of the engineering rock. The artificial transparent rock material containing cracks and holes is used to replace natural rock. The mechanical characteristics of the rock material can be better simulated by adopting the material with good brittleness, and the expansion form and the expansion rule of the internal crack can be conveniently observed by selecting the material with good transparency. At present, most domestic researchers adopt unsaturated resin materials as rock-like materials, the unsaturated resin materials have the characteristics of good brittleness, large tension-compression ratio, low cost and the like after being cured, but in the curing process, mould release agents such as vaseline, silicone oil and the like need to be coated on the mould, and tests also need to be cured for many times, so that the side surface and the bottom surface of a test piece, which are in contact with the mould, have some defects and curing agent residues after the unsaturated resin is cured. Due to the characteristic properties of unsaturated resins, a thin oily layer exists on the top surface of the cured unsaturated resin, the surface contacting with air, similar to the surface of ground glass. Therefore, there is a problem that it is very inconvenient for a tester to take a picture of a test result with a camera or a video camera.
Therefore, on the basis of keeping the excellent brittleness of the unsaturated resin test piece, the cured test piece is polished, polished and plated to obtain the high-transparency test piece, and the method has great significance for scientific research.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for grinding, polishing and plating a 3D printing crack-containing transparent rock-like test piece aiming at the surface quality problem of the existing unsaturated resin curing test piece.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for grinding, polishing and plating a crack-containing transparent rock-like material adopts a test piece solidified by 449 type resin, a cobalt iso-octoate accelerator and a methyl ethyl ketone peroxide curing agent as the rock-like material, adopts a 3D printed oval sheet to simulate cracks in the rock, and adopts crystal resin A glue and crystal resin B glue as plating materials;
step 1, preparing a fracture-containing transparent rock-like material;
(1-1) preparing a frame mold;
an organic glass plate is used as a frame mold of the tunnel model, and 5 vertical glass plates form a box with an opening at the top; according to the number and the size of the prefabricated cracks, the positioning of the crack model in the organic glass plate frame mold is designed in advance through CAD drawing, the tunnel duct and the positioning hole of the crack model are designed on the corresponding glass plate, and then the tunnel duct and the positioning hole of the crack model are manufactured on the organic glass plate frame mold through laser cutting according to the CAD drawing design;
(1-2)3D printing the oval crack;
drawing an oval fracture three-dimensional view through ProE, printing the drawn model by adopting 3D printing, wherein polylactic acid high polymer plastic is used as a printing material;
(1-3) positioning a fracture model;
positioning an elliptical slice as a fracture model using the wire-pulling method: the method comprises the following specific steps: utilizing the crack model positioning holes cut and manufactured on the organic glass plate in the step (1-1), and sequentially penetrating each tunnel duct model positioning hole and the oval crack model positioned in the organic glass plate frame module by adopting soft cotton threads; positioning an elliptic thin sheet serving as a crack in a frame mould of the organic glass plate, and demoulding to form a transparent rock-like material containing the crack;
(1-4) forming the crack-containing transparent rock-like material;
measuring and configuring an unsaturated resin material, and pouring the tunnel model frame mold in the step (1-3); in order to avoid generating bubbles during pouring, a guide rod drainage mode is adopted to flow into the frame mold, the poured frame mold is placed into a constant-temperature drying oven at 20 ℃ to be cured for 12 hours, the mold can be detached after the tunnel model has certain strength, and the frame mold is removed; after demolding, placing the tunnel model into a constant-temperature drying box, maintaining for 12 hours at a constant temperature of 75 ℃, and thus completing the whole manufacturing process of the simulated crack-containing transparent rock-like material test piece;
step 2, polishing and plating the test piece after the unsaturated resin is cured;
(2-1) polishing a test piece;
uniformly polishing each surface of the cured test piece by a water grinding method; the method comprises the following specific steps:
horizontally clamping the cured test piece by using a test piece clamp, adopting two kinds of abrasive paper, namely 300-mesh coarse abrasive paper and 2000-mesh fine abrasive paper, placing a fine water pipe above the test piece, slowly flowing water, sequentially adopting the coarse abrasive paper and the fine abrasive paper to be in a horizontal direction with the test piece, uniformly and repeatedly polishing the surface of the test piece for five minutes respectively, and finishing the polishing process;
(2-2) polishing the test piece;
fixing the test piece polished in the step (2-1) by using a test piece clamp by adopting an S1M-HS1-100 type polishing machine and a 100mm polishing wool wheel, uniformly coating W0.5 polishing paste on the surface of the test piece, and polishing the surface of the test piece at a constant speed by using the polishing machine;
(2-3) plating a test piece;
mixing the crystal resin A glue and the crystal resin B glue according to the ratio of 3: 1, weighing 90g and 30g respectively, pouring into a disposable plastic cup, uniformly stirring, placing the stirred mixed solution into a constant-temperature drying oven at 60 ℃ for 15 minutes, and removing bubbles in the mixed solution; uniformly coating the coating solution on the surface of a test piece by using a dropper, and sticking the side surface of the test piece by using a transparent adhesive tape in order to prevent the coating solution from flowing to the side surface, wherein the transparent adhesive tape is higher than the side surface of the test piece by 10mm, so that the coating solution is prevented from overflowing;
(2-4) solidifying the plating layer;
and (3) placing the test piece coated with the coating liquid in a constant-temperature drying box, maintaining for 6 hours at the temperature of 60 ℃, and after the coating is cured, finishing the preparation of the crack-containing transparent rock test piece.
In the step 1, the diameter of the positioning hole is 1 mm.
In the step 1, the used cotton threads are thin cotton threads with extremely low toughness, and the end parts of the two sides are bonded on the organic glass plate by adopting strong adhesive tapes, so that the organic glass plate has certain bearing capacity.
In the step 2, the S1M-HS1-100 type polishing machine has the voltage of 220V, the power of 880W, the diameter of the grinding wheel of 100mm and the rotating speed of 13000 r/m.
In the step 1, the weighed and prepared unsaturated resin material comprises 449 resin, a methyl ethyl ketone peroxide curing agent and a cobalt octoate accelerator, wherein the mass ratio of the components is 100:1:0.2, and the specific steps of weighing and preparing are as follows:
① measuring the material quantity;
measuring raw materials according to the design dosage and the mass ratio of each component: 449 resin, methyl ethyl ketone peroxide curing agent and cobalt isooctoate accelerator;
② material configuration;
fully stirring and mixing 449 resin, a methyl ethyl ketone peroxide curing agent and a cobalt octoate accelerator, and then putting the mixed solution into a constant-temperature drying oven for curing, wherein the temperature of the constant-temperature drying oven is set to be 20 ℃;
③ casting and maintaining;
and (3) draining the mixed solution into a frame mold of the positioned tunnel model by adopting a guide rod drainage mode, casting and forming, putting the cast frame mold into a constant-temperature drying oven at 20 ℃ for curing for 12 hours, and removing the mold after the model has certain strength.
In the step 2, the amount and the configuration of the plating solution comprise crystal resin A glue and crystal resin B glue, and the mass ratio of the components is 3: 1, the specific steps of measuring and configuring are as follows:
① measuring the material quantity;
measuring raw materials according to the design dosage and the mass ratio of each component: crystal resin A glue and crystal resin B glue;
② material configuration;
fully stirring and mixing the measured crystal resin A glue and crystal resin B glue, then putting the mixed solution into a constant-temperature drying box for curing, setting the temperature of the constant-temperature drying box to be 60 ℃, and continuing for 15 minutes; and (5) after the bubbles in the mixed solution are eliminated, finishing the preparation of the coating liquid.
The invention has the advantages that:
1. the rigidity of the oval crack printed by the polylactic acid high polymer plastic is low, and the precision of the oval crack printed by the 3D printing technology is high compared with that of the oval crack cut by hand.
2. By the method for grinding, polishing and plating, the problems of surface atomization phenomenon after the unsaturated resin is cured and quality defects of the contact surface of a cured test piece and a template are effectively solved. The method has important significance for recording the crack change condition by a camera or a video camera in the experimental process.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples.
Example 1
A sample with the length of 50mm, the width of 50mm and the height of 100mm is prepared, and a square box-shaped die with an upper opening is manufactured by adopting an organic glass plate. The size of the organic glass plate is respectively a bottom plate 120X120mm, two side plates 120X110mm and the other two side plates 50X60mm, and the thickness is 10 mm. For the convenience of solidifying the test piece, the size of the organic glass plate is slightly larger than that of the test piece actually obtained. Oval thin slices are printed through 3D and serve as rock cracks, and polylactic acid high polymer plastics are adopted as materials. The major axis of the oval slit is 20mm, and the minor axis is 10 mm. And preparing a small hole needing threading in advance according to a CAD drawing. The organic glass plates are sequentially bonded by using a binder. After the bonding is firm, soft cotton threads penetrate through each small hole in sequence to fix the fracture model.
Measuring and configuring, namely measuring 449 g of resin by using a disposable plastic cup, respectively dripping 1g of crystal resin B and 0.2g of accelerator into the plastic cup filled with the resin by using a plastic dripping bottle filled with the crystal resin B and the accelerator, uniformly stirring the mixed solution clockwise by using a stirring rod, and stirring for 5 minutes. And placing the uniformly stirred mixed liquid into a constant-temperature drying box at 20 ℃, draining the mixed liquid into a positioned frame mold of the tunnel model by adopting a guide rod drainage mode for casting and molding, placing the cast frame mold into the constant-temperature drying box at 20 ℃ for curing for 12 hours, and removing the mold after the tunnel model has certain strength. And the test piece after the mold is removed is the single tunnel model.
Measuring and configuring, namely measuring 100g of crystal resin A glue by adopting a disposable plastic cup, dripping 33g of crystal resin B glue into the plastic cup filled with resin by using a plastic dripping bottle filled with crystal resin B glue, uniformly stirring the mixed solution clockwise by using a stirring rod, and stirring for 15 minutes. The mixed solution after being uniformly stirred is put into a constant temperature drying oven at 60 ℃ for 15 minutes, and bubbles in the mixed solution are removed. And finishing the preparation of the plating solution.
The solidified test piece is horizontally clamped by a test piece clamp, two kinds of abrasive paper are adopted, one kind of abrasive paper is 300 meshes of coarse abrasive paper, the other kind of abrasive paper is 2000 meshes of fine abrasive paper, a fine water pipe is arranged above the test piece in a slow flowing mode, the coarse abrasive paper and the fine abrasive paper are sequentially adopted, the abrasive paper and the test piece are horizontally put down, the surface of the test piece is uniformly polished back and forth, the abrasive paper is respectively polished for five minutes, and the polishing process is finished. Fixing the polished test piece by using a test piece clamp, uniformly coating W0.5 polishing paste on the surface of the test piece, and polishing the surface of the test piece at a constant speed by using a polishing machine. And uniformly coating the prepared coating solution on a practical surface by using a dropper, and sticking the side surface of the test piece by using a transparent adhesive tape to prevent the coating solution from flowing to the side surface, wherein the transparent adhesive tape is 10mm higher than the side surface of the test piece, so that the coating solution is prevented from overflowing. And (3) placing the test piece coated with the coating liquid in a constant-temperature drying box, maintaining for 6 hours at the temperature of 60 ℃, and curing the coating to finish the preparation of the crack-containing transparent rock test piece.
Claims (6)
1. A method for grinding, polishing and plating a crack-containing transparent rock-like material is characterized by comprising the following steps: a test piece solidified by 449 type resin, a cobalt iso-octoate accelerator and a methyl ethyl ketone peroxide curing agent is used as a rock-like material, a 3D printed oval sheet is used for simulating cracks in rock, and crystal resin A glue and crystal resin B glue are used as plating materials;
step 1, preparing a fracture-containing transparent rock-like material;
(1-1) preparing a frame mold;
an organic glass plate is used as a frame mold of the tunnel model, and 5 vertical glass plates form a box with an opening at the top; according to the number and the size of the prefabricated cracks, the positioning of the crack model in the organic glass plate frame mold is designed in advance through CAD drawing, the tunnel duct and the positioning hole of the crack model are designed on the corresponding glass plate, and then the tunnel duct and the positioning hole of the crack model are manufactured on the organic glass plate frame mold through laser cutting according to the CAD drawing design;
(1-2)3D printing the oval crack;
drawing an oval fracture three-dimensional view through ProE, printing the drawn model by adopting 3D printing, wherein polylactic acid high polymer plastic is used as a printing material;
(1-3) positioning a fracture model;
positioning an elliptical slice as a fracture model using a guy wire method: the method comprises the following specific steps: utilizing the crack model positioning holes cut and manufactured on the organic glass plate in the step (1-1), and sequentially penetrating each tunnel duct model positioning hole and the oval crack model positioned in the organic glass plate frame module by adopting soft cotton threads; positioning an elliptical slice serving as a crack in a frame mould of the organic glass plate, and demoulding to form a transparent rock-like material containing the crack;
(1-4) forming the crack-containing transparent rock-like material;
measuring and configuring an unsaturated resin material, and pouring the tunnel model frame mold in the step (1-3); in order to avoid generating bubbles during pouring, a guide rod drainage mode is adopted to flow into the frame mold, the poured frame mold is placed into a constant-temperature drying oven at 20 ℃ to be cured for 12 hours, the mold can be detached after the tunnel model has certain strength, and the frame mold is removed; after demolding, placing the tunnel model into a constant-temperature drying box, maintaining for 12 hours at a constant temperature of 75 ℃, and thus completing the whole manufacturing process of the simulated crack-containing transparent rock-like material test piece;
step 2, polishing and plating the test piece after the unsaturated resin is cured;
(2-1) polishing a test piece;
uniformly polishing each surface of the cured test piece by a water grinding method; the method comprises the following specific steps:
horizontally clamping the cured test piece by using a test piece clamp, adopting two kinds of abrasive paper, namely 300-mesh coarse abrasive paper and 2000-mesh fine abrasive paper, placing a fine water pipe above the test piece, slowly flowing water, sequentially adopting the coarse abrasive paper and the fine abrasive paper to be in a horizontal direction with the test piece, uniformly and repeatedly polishing the surface of the test piece for five minutes respectively, and finishing the polishing process;
(2-2) polishing the test piece;
the polishing machine adopts a 100mm polishing wool wheel, the test piece polished in the step (2-1) is fixed by a test piece clamp, polishing paste is uniformly coated on the surface of the test piece, and the polishing machine is used for polishing the surface of the test piece at a constant speed;
(2-3) plating a test piece;
mixing the crystal resin A glue and the crystal resin B glue according to the ratio of 3: 1, weighing 90g and 30g respectively, pouring into a disposable plastic cup, uniformly stirring, placing the stirred mixed solution into a constant-temperature drying oven at 60 ℃ for 15 minutes, and removing bubbles in the mixed solution; uniformly coating the coating solution on the surface of a test piece by using a dropper, and sticking the side surface of the test piece by using a transparent adhesive tape in order to prevent the coating solution from flowing to the side surface, wherein the transparent adhesive tape is higher than the side surface of the test piece by 10mm, so that the coating solution is prevented from overflowing;
(2-4) solidifying the plating layer;
and (3) placing the test piece coated with the coating liquid in a constant-temperature drying box, maintaining for 6 hours at the temperature of 60 ℃, and after the coating is cured, finishing the preparation of the crack-containing transparent rock test piece.
2. The method for grinding, polishing and coating the crack-containing transparent rock-like material according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
in the step 1, the diameter of the positioning hole is 1 mm.
3. The method for grinding, polishing and coating the crack-containing transparent rock-like material according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
in the step 1, the used cotton threads are thin cotton threads with extremely low toughness, and the end parts of the two sides are bonded on the organic glass plate by adopting strong adhesive tapes, so that the organic glass plate has certain bearing capacity.
4. The method for grinding, polishing and coating the crack-containing transparent rock-like material according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
in step 2, the voltage of the polishing machine is 220V, the power is 880W, the diameter of the grinding wheel is 100mm, and the rotating speed is 13000 r/min.
5. The method for grinding, polishing and coating the crack-containing transparent rock-like material according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
in the step 1, the weighed and prepared unsaturated resin material comprises 449 resin, a methyl ethyl ketone peroxide curing agent and a cobalt octoate accelerator, wherein the mass ratio of the components is 100:1:0.2, and the specific steps of weighing and preparing are as follows:
① measuring the material quantity;
measuring raw materials according to the design dosage and the mass ratio of each component: 449 resin, methyl ethyl ketone peroxide curing agent and cobalt isooctoate accelerator;
② material configuration;
fully stirring and mixing 449 resin, a methyl ethyl ketone peroxide curing agent and a cobalt octoate accelerator, and then putting the mixed solution into a constant-temperature drying oven for curing, wherein the temperature of the constant-temperature drying oven is set to be 20 ℃;
③ casting and maintaining;
and (3) draining the mixed solution into a frame mold of the positioned tunnel model by adopting a guide rod drainage mode, casting and forming, putting the cast frame mold into a constant-temperature drying oven at 20 ℃ for curing for 12 hours, and removing the mold after the model has certain strength.
6. The method for grinding, polishing and coating the crack-containing transparent rock-like material according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
in the step 2, the amount and the configuration of the plating solution comprise crystal resin A glue and crystal resin B glue, and the mass ratio of the components is 3: 1, the specific steps of measuring and configuring are as follows:
① measuring the material quantity;
measuring raw materials according to the design dosage and the mass ratio of each component: crystal resin A glue and crystal resin B glue;
② material configuration;
fully stirring and mixing the measured crystal resin A glue and crystal resin B glue, then putting the mixed solution into a constant-temperature drying box for curing, setting the temperature of the constant-temperature drying box to be 60 ℃, and continuing for 15 minutes; and (5) after the bubbles in the mixed solution are eliminated, finishing the preparation of the coating liquid.
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