CN108274224B - Special tool for disassembling and preventing large-sized bolt from rotating off - Google Patents
Special tool for disassembling and preventing large-sized bolt from rotating off Download PDFInfo
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- CN108274224B CN108274224B CN201810048529.9A CN201810048529A CN108274224B CN 108274224 B CN108274224 B CN 108274224B CN 201810048529 A CN201810048529 A CN 201810048529A CN 108274224 B CN108274224 B CN 108274224B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P19/00—Machines for simply fitting together or separating metal parts or objects, or metal and non-metal parts, whether or not involving some deformation; Tools or devices therefor so far as not provided for in other classes
- B23P19/04—Machines for simply fitting together or separating metal parts or objects, or metal and non-metal parts, whether or not involving some deformation; Tools or devices therefor so far as not provided for in other classes for assembling or disassembling parts
- B23P19/06—Screw or nut setting or loosening machines
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Abstract
The invention discloses a large-specification bolt dismounting anti-spin-off tool, wherein the tool comprises a shell and an internal rotating assembly, wherein the shell comprises a base (1) and a top cover (5) so as to protect the internal rotating assembly, and the internal rotating assembly enables external winding force to be released. The large-size bolt dismounting anti-spin-off tool provided by the invention is simple in structure and convenient to operate, can effectively relieve the winding of the hoisting rigging and the bolt, and avoids the separation of the bolt and the hoisting ring due to the relative displacement caused by inertial winding acting force.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of hoisting tools, in particular to a special tool for disassembling and preventing a large-size bolt from rotating and falling.
Background
The large-size bolt is a common part in nuclear power, petrochemical equipment and large-scale engineering projects, and at the present stage, the equipment manufacturing industry is in a rapid development period, the specification of the part is larger and larger, and the cost is higher and higher. However, the existing sling is difficult to adapt to the lifting rotation in the installation and disassembly processes of large-size bolts, and particularly, the sling designed for the field problem is more flexible, so that the quality problem and the safety problem in the implementation process of equipment and engineering projects are frequent, for example: in a high-temperature gas cooled reactor steam generator project, each bolt of M110 and M90 is 75 kilograms, the bolt needs to be vertically lifted from a station for air transportation in the installation process, an M24 threaded hole at the end part of the bolt is used for being installed with a lifting ring, a fixing and anti-rotation device is not arranged, 3-5 circles of bolts need to be reserved before the lifting ring is installed in order to avoid the falling of the bolt, the workpiece is injured by falling and smashing, safety problems are caused, the lifting sling is wound in the process of screwing the bolt out after the lifting ring is installed, the lifting sling can reversely rotate in the air to unwind a winding coil in the lifting and rotating process, and inertia force causes the bolt to repeatedly rotate forwards and reversely, so that the lifting ring is separated from the bolt to cause the workpiece to fall.
The existing sling has no solution to the quality problem and the safety problem caused by the falling of the large-size bolt during the installation, disassembly and hoisting processes, such as: the conventional hoisting rigging cannot solve the problem of aerial rotation when hoisting the slender workpiece, and has poor adaptability to the workpiece; the problem of inertial winding of the sling is difficult to change and solve through the form of the sling; also lack the adaptability to the spare part of special shape, often need flat to hang to the station, then erect once more on the station, the in-process has the risk of colliding with, falling, does not solve the vertical handling in-process of bolt class work piece and prevents that inertial optional equipment leads to the universal tool that falls. In addition, the hoisting rigging has various use forms, the phenomena of non-uniform and non-standard hoisting forms are easy to occur, the working efficiency and the working quality are influenced, and the safety problem and the quality problem are easy to occur.
For the reasons, the inventor carefully analyzes the flow and the risk points in the process of installing and disassembling the large-size bolt, and carries out deep research, repeated demonstration and station verification on the special sling technology by combining the basic condition of the sling so as to develop a special tool capable of solving the problems.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the problems, the inventor of the present invention has made intensive studies to design a tool for preventing a large-sized bolt from being unscrewed, the tool including a housing and an internal rotation assembly, the housing including a base and a top cover to protect the internal rotation assembly, the internal rotation assembly including a first positioning member, a mandrel and a second positioning member connected in sequence, the mandrel being capable of rotating freely, so that a twist generated during the bolt dismounting process and a twist of a suspension cable tool itself are released, thereby completing the present invention.
Specifically, the present invention aims to provide the following:
one aspect of the present invention provides a large format bolt removal anti-spin down tool wherein the tool comprises a housing comprising a base 1 and a cap 5 to protect the inner rotating component which allows the external winding force to be released and an inner rotating component.
In another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for dismounting a large-size bolt, preferably using the above-mentioned large-size bolt dismounting anti-spin tool, wherein the method includes the following steps:
and 4, assembling the top cover 5 to the outside of the second positioning part 4 in the assembly assembled in the step 3, and rotating the top cover 5 to enable the through hole on the upper end face of the top cover to be concentric with the blind hole on the upper end face of the base.
The invention has the advantages that:
(1) the large-size bolt dismounting spin-off prevention tool provided by the invention is simple in structure and convenient to operate, and effectively solves the safety problem and the quality problem caused by repeated rotation and separation due to the aerial rotation of the workpiece in the hoisting process;
(2) the large-size bolt dismounting anti-spin-off tool provided by the invention can realize self-use rotation in a load and no-load state, avoids the winding of a sling and the repeated posture adjustment in the hoisting process, enables a workpiece to be safely conveyed to an installation station from a preparation station, and can be directly installed without readjustment, thereby improving the working efficiency;
(3) the large-size bolt dismounting anti-spin-off tool provided by the invention can be used by replacing different sling tools according to actual working conditions, is simple to replace and operate, has strong applicability, and is suitable for large-scale production;
(4) according to the large-size bolt dismounting anti-spin-off tool, the self-alignment structure and the guarantee mechanism in the non-safety state are adopted, so that the safety of a workpiece can be guaranteed when the tool is in an abnormal state, and the safety is improved;
(5) the large-size bolt dismounting and spin-off preventing tool provided by the invention is optimally designed aiming at the importance of a joint surface in the process of installing nuclear power and petrochemical equipment, can thoroughly solve the problems of rotation, falling and the like, and reduces the installation risk and the installation cost;
(6) the large-size bolt dismounting anti-spin-off tool provided by the invention has the advantages that the abrasion and the collision in the use process are protected by the shell, and the environmental adaptability is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows an exploded view of a large format bolt removal anti-spin tool of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the overall structure of the large-size bolt removal anti-spin tool of the present invention;
fig. 3 shows an assembly sequence diagram of a large format bolt removal anti-spin tool of the present invention, wherein,
FIG. 3a is a schematic cross-sectional view of the base of the present invention;
FIG. 3b is a schematic cross-sectional view of the first positioning member of the present invention;
FIG. 3c shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a mandrel according to the present invention;
FIG. 3d is a schematic cross-sectional view of a second positioning member according to the present invention;
FIG. 3e shows a schematic cross-sectional view of the overcap of the present invention;
FIG. 3f shows a schematic cross-sectional view of the fastener of the present invention;
FIG. 3g shows a schematic view of the assembly of the base and the first positioning member of the present invention after assembly;
FIG. 3h is a schematic view of the assembly of the mandrel and the second positioning member of the present invention after assembly;
FIG. 3i is a schematic view of the assembly of the base, the first positioning member, the core shaft and the second positioning member of the present invention after assembly;
FIG. 3j shows a schematic view of the assembly of FIG. 3i after assembly with a top cover;
FIG. 3k shows a schematic view of the assembly of FIG. 3j after assembly with a fixture;
figure 4 shows a side view of the mandrel of the present invention.
The reference numbers illustrate:
1-a base;
11-a cylindrical portion;
12-a first dome;
121 — a first via;
122-a second via;
2-a first positioning member;
3-a mandrel;
31-a third via;
32-a second circular table portion;
33-a protrusion;
4-a second positioning element;
5-a top cover;
6-fixing part.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. The features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the description. In which, although various aspects of the embodiments are shown in the drawings, the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale unless specifically indicated.
The invention provides a large-specification bolt dismounting spin-off prevention tool, which comprises a shell and an internal rotating component, wherein the shell comprises a base 1 and a top cover 5 to protect the internal rotating component; the inner rotating assembly is used for releasing the winding force.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the base 1 is shaped like a circular truncated cone and includes a cylindrical portion 11 and a first circular truncated portion 12.
In a further preferred embodiment, the base 1 has a predetermined inner contour inside, and through holes are provided in the middle of the cylindrical portion 11 and the first circular truncated cone portion 12 for connection with an inner rotating assembly.
Wherein the predetermined inner contour structure is a preset contour for installing the inner rotating component.
In a further preferred embodiment, the axis of the through hole of the cylindrical portion 11 and the through hole of the first circular table portion 12 coincide.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, an inner spigot is provided inside the cylindrical portion 11 for mating connection with an inner rotating component.
In a further preferred embodiment, a plurality of blind holes are uniformly provided on the outer end surface of the cylindrical portion 11.
Preferably, the blind holes are evenly distributed on the circumference and have 3.
In a further preferred embodiment, said blind hole is a threaded blind hole for connection with the fixing element 6.
Preferably, the axes of the circles of the through hole, the inner spigot and the blind hole of the cylindrical part 11 are coincident.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 3a, the inner through hole of the first circular truncated cone portion 12 includes a cylindrical first through hole 121 and a circular truncated cone second through hole 122.
In a further preferred embodiment, the second through hole 122 has a diameter gradually increasing from the bottom to the top thereof, and the diameter of the first through hole 121 is the same as the minimum diameter of the second through hole 122.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the internal rotating assembly comprises a first positioning member 2, a mandrel 3 and a second positioning member 4 connected in sequence.
In a further preferred embodiment, the first positioning element 2 is connected with the base 1 in a matching way, and the first positioning element 2 is arranged in the cylindrical part 11 and is tightly attached to the inner spigot of the cylindrical part 11.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the first positioning member 2 is threaded on the outside of the mandrel 3, so that the mandrel 3 is automatically aligned in a loaded state.
Wherein, the automatic alignment means that the central axis 3 can be automatically found.
The anti-spin-off tool provided by the invention is often used in a non-vertical state, which requires that the mandrel 3 can be self-aligned, so that the stress directions of the anti-spin-off tool in a load state are consistent.
In a further preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 3b, the first positioning element 2 is a conical bearing for receiving axial loads, enabling the spindle 3 to rotate freely.
The tapered bearing can load the gravity of a workpiece acting on the mandrel, and the load is dispersed into each rotating module of the bearing, so that the mandrel in a loaded state rotates by itself, the self-alignment of the mandrel in the loaded state is completed by utilizing the tapered structure of the tapered bearing, and the stress directions of the whole anti-spin-off tool in the loaded state are consistent.
The free rotation of the mandrel 3 means that the mandrel can rotate in a forward and reverse free manner by 360 degrees.
In a further preferred embodiment, the spindle 3 fits closely to the central bore of the conical bearing.
Wherein the diameter size of the central hole of the conical bearing is larger than that of the first through hole 121.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1 and 4, one end of the mandrel 3 passing through the first positioning element 2 is an arc end, a third through hole 31 is arranged on the arc end, and the third through hole 31 is arranged radially for installing a shackle.
Wherein, the third through hole 31 at the bottom end of the mandrel is used for installing a shackle, so as to be further connected with a bolt or other large-specification components to be disassembled.
In a further preferred embodiment, the other end of the mandrel 3 is provided with a boss, for fitting with the second positioning member 4,
the boss includes a second boss portion 32 and a projection 33.
In a further preferred embodiment, the protruding portion 33 is cylindrical and has a diameter smaller than the diameter of the mandrel 3, and the second circular truncated cone portion 32 is circular truncated cone-shaped and has a smallest diameter larger than the diameter of the main body of the mandrel 3.
The main body of the mandrel 3 is the part of the mandrel 3 except for the arc end and the boss end, and is cylindrical.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 3d, the second positioning member 4 is a flat bearing, so that the position of the mandrel 3 is fixed and friction with other components during rotation of the mandrel 3 under a load is prevented.
In a further preferred embodiment, the protrusion 33 fits closely to the central hole of the second positioning member 4.
In a further preferred embodiment, an upper end surface of the second circular table portion 32 is closely attached to a lower end surface of the second positioning member 4, and a lower end surface of the second circular table portion 32 is closely attached to an upper end surface of the first positioning member 2.
In the present invention, the second circular table portion 32 functions as a detent, and this design solves the extreme situation of quality and safety problems caused by workpiece falling due to abnormal accidents under load, such as conical bearing fracture, and ensures that the mandrel is limited by the size of the extension structure and the through hole of the base under the extreme situation and remains in the semi-closed structure formed by the top cover and the base.
In a still further preferred embodiment, the axes of the first positioning element 2, the mandrel 3 and the second positioning element 4 coincide.
In the invention, the boss at the top end of the mandrel 3 is assembled with the center hole of the flat bearing of the second positioning part 4, the lower part of the mandrel 3 is matched with the conical bearing of the second positioning part 2 after the assembly is finished, the upper part of the mandrel 3 is matched with the flat bearing, the three parts form a rotating assembly, and the conical structure in the conical bearing can realize the self-centering of the mandrel under a load state, so that the axes of the first positioning part 2, the mandrel 3 and the second positioning part 4 are overlapped, the rotating friction force of the mandrel 3 is reduced to the minimum, and the design intention is realized.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a top cover 5 is further disposed outside the second positioning member 4, and is connected to the base 1 through a fixing member 6 to protect the internal rotating assembly.
In a further preferred embodiment, an inner spigot is arranged inside the top cover 5 and is used for being matched and assembled with the second positioning part 4, an outer spigot is arranged at the bottom end of the top cover 5 and is matched with the inner spigot of the base 1, so that the first positioning part 2 is positioned and fixed.
In a further preferred embodiment, a concave cavity is provided inside the top cover 5 for a mating connection with the rotating assembly and the base 1.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 3e, the concave cavity is vertically arranged in a step shape, the diameter of the cavity near the top end is the smallest, the diameter of the cavity at the bottom end is the largest, two diameter mutation areas are arranged from the top end to the bottom end, the concave cavity is divided into three sections of cavities with different diameters, and the diameter of the cavity is gradually increased from the top end to the bottom end.
In the invention, the concave cavity is designed into a step shape so as to meet the requirements of the assembly geometric dimensions of the first positioning piece, the mandrel and the second positioning piece and the external shapes of the assembled rotating assembly and the base to meet the assembly requirements.
Wherein, the axis of the mandrel 3 of the anti-spin tool with the assembled top cover coincides with the axes of the first positioning piece 2, the second positioning piece 4, the base 1 and the top cover 5.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, counter bores are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction of the upper end surface of the top cover 5, and a through hole is provided at the center position of the counter bores so that the fixing member 6 passes through the through hole.
Preferably, the number of the counter bores is the same as that of the blind holes on the outer end face of the cylindrical portion 11, and is preferably 3.
More preferably, the distribution angle of the counter bores is the same as the distribution angle of the blind holes on the outer end face of the cylindrical part 11, so that the fixing part 6 can fixedly connect the base 1 and the top cover 5.
In the invention, the circle and the distribution angle of the threaded blind hole on the upper end surface of the base 1 and the counter bore on the top cover 5 are consistent, so that the fixing piece 6 sequentially passes through the through hole and the threaded blind hole in the center of the counter bore, and the base 1 and the top cover 5 are fixedly connected.
In a further preferred embodiment, threaded holes are uniformly distributed on the upper end surface of the top cover 5 for connecting with a sling.
Preferably, the threaded hole has a plurality, such as 2.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 3f, the fixing member 6 is a hexagon socket head cap fixing bolt, and the lower end of the fixing member passes through the through hole in the center of the counter bore of the top cap 5 and is connected with the threaded hole on the upper end surface of the base 1 in a matching manner.
The inner hexagonal fixing bolt is assembled through an inner hexagonal wrench, and the special tool is convenient to assemble and disassemble due to the structural design, and meets the requirements on the tool and the space in the process of implementing the working procedure.
The invention also provides a method for disassembling the large-size bolt, which preferably adopts the large-size bolt disassembly anti-spin tool, as shown in figures 3 a-3 k, and comprises the following steps:
In the present invention, as shown in fig. 3b, the first positioning element 2 is preferably a tapered bearing, and since the tapered bearing is a separate structure and includes a tapered bearing pad and a tapered rolling element, in the assembling process, the tapered bearing pad and the base 1 need to be assembled first, and then the tapered rolling element needs to be assembled after the assembly is completed.
And 2, mounting the second positioning piece 4 to one end of the boss of the mandrel 3, and tightly matching.
Wherein, the boss comprises a second circular table part 32 and a protruding part 33, and the second positioning part 4 is a flat bearing.
In the present invention, the protruding portion 33 is closely attached to the center hole of the second positioning member 4, and the upper end surface of the second circular table portion 32 is closely attached to the lower end surface of the second positioning member 4.
And 3, penetrating the assembly assembled in the step 2 into the assembly assembled in the step 1, so that the lower end face of the second circular table part 32 of the mandrel 3 is tightly attached to the upper end face of the first positioning piece 2.
And 4, assembling the top cover 5 to the outside of the second positioning part 4 in the assembly assembled in the step 3, and rotating the top cover 5 to enable the through hole on the upper end face of the top cover to be concentric with the blind hole on the upper end face of the base.
And 5, penetrating the bottom end of the fixing piece 6 through the through hole in the top cover 5 and the blind hole in the base 1 for fastening.
And 6, connecting the bottom end of the mandrel 3 with a bolt through a shackle, connecting the bottom end of the mandrel with a hanging ring of a sling through a threaded hole in the upper end surface of the top cover 5, and hoisting after connection is finished.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "inner", "outer", "front", "rear", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on operational states of the present invention, and are only used for convenience of description and simplification of description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," "third," and "fourth" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
The present invention has been described above in connection with preferred embodiments, but these embodiments are merely exemplary and merely illustrative. On the basis of the above, the invention can be subjected to various substitutions and modifications, and the substitutions and the modifications are all within the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. A large-size bolt dismounting anti-spin-off tool is characterized by comprising a shell and an internal rotating component, wherein the shell comprises a base (1) and a top cover (5) to protect the internal rotating component,
the inner rotating assembly allows the outer winding force to be released,
the base (1) is in a shape similar to a circular truncated cone and comprises a cylindrical part (11) and a first circular truncated cone part (12), through holes are formed in the middle parts of the cylindrical part (11) and the first circular truncated cone part (12) and are used for being matched and connected with an internal rotating assembly,
the axes of the through hole of the cylindrical part (11) and the through hole of the first circular table part (12) are superposed,
the internal rotating assembly comprises a first positioning piece (2), a mandrel (3) and a second positioning piece (4) which are sequentially connected, the first positioning piece (2) is sleeved outside the mandrel (3) in a penetrating manner, so that the mandrel (3) can be automatically aligned under a load state,
one end of the mandrel (3) penetrating through the first positioning piece (2) is an arc end, a third through hole (31) is arranged on the arc end and used for installing a shackle,
the other end of the mandrel (3) is provided with a boss for assembling with a second positioning piece (4),
the boss includes a second boss portion (32) and a projection portion (33).
2. The large format bolt removal anti-spin down tool of claim 1, wherein an internal spigot is provided on the inside of the cylindrical portion (11) and a blind hole is provided on the outer end face of the cylindrical portion (11) for connection with a fixing member (6).
3. The large format bolt removal anti-spin tool of claim 1, wherein the first locator (2) is a tapered bearing, enabling the spindle (3) to rotate freely.
4. The large format bolt removal anti-spin tool of claim 1, wherein the third through hole (31) is radially disposed.
5. The large format bolt removal anti-spin down tool of claim 1, wherein the second locating feature (4) is a flat bearing, allowing the mandrel (3) to be fixed in position and preventing friction with other components during rotation of the mandrel (3) under load.
6. The large size bolt removal anti-spin tool of claim 5, wherein a top cover (5) is further provided outside the second positioning member (4) and connected to the base (1) by a fixing member (6) to protect the rotating components inside,
counter bores are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction of the upper end face of the top cover (5), and through holes are formed in the center positions of the counter bores, so that the fixing piece (6) penetrates through the through holes.
7. A method of removing a large size bolt using the large size bolt removal anti-spin tool of any one of claims 1 to 6, the method comprising the steps of:
step 1, assembling a base (1) and a first positioning piece (2);
step 2, mounting a second positioning piece (4) to one end of a boss of the mandrel (3) and tightly matching;
step 3, penetrating the assembly assembled in the step 2 into the assembly assembled in the step 1, so that the lower end face of a second circular table part (32) of the mandrel (3) is tightly attached to the upper end face of the first positioning piece (2);
and 4, assembling the top cover (5) to the outside of the second positioning piece (4) in the assembled component in the step 3, and rotating the top cover (5) to enable the through hole on the upper end face of the top cover to be concentric with the blind hole on the upper end face of the base.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein after step 4, further comprising the steps of:
step 5, the bottom end of the fixing piece (6) penetrates through the through hole in the top cover (5) and penetrates into the blind hole in the base (1) for fastening;
and 6, connecting the bottom end of the mandrel (3) with a bolt through a shackle, connecting the bottom end of the mandrel with a hanging ring of a hoisting rigging through a threaded hole in the upper end surface of the top cover (5), and hoisting after connection is completed.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810048529.9A CN108274224B (en) | 2018-01-18 | 2018-01-18 | Special tool for disassembling and preventing large-sized bolt from rotating off |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810048529.9A CN108274224B (en) | 2018-01-18 | 2018-01-18 | Special tool for disassembling and preventing large-sized bolt from rotating off |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN108274224A CN108274224A (en) | 2018-07-13 |
| CN108274224B true CN108274224B (en) | 2020-03-06 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN201810048529.9A Active CN108274224B (en) | 2018-01-18 | 2018-01-18 | Special tool for disassembling and preventing large-sized bolt from rotating off |
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Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2007039168A (en) * | 2005-08-01 | 2007-02-15 | Hitachi Constr Mach Co Ltd | Hook device |
| CN202625615U (en) * | 2012-06-21 | 2012-12-26 | 吉林建龙钢铁有限责任公司 | Freely rotational omniseal lifting hook |
| CN203461684U (en) * | 2013-09-24 | 2014-03-05 | 四川省祥业机械铸造有限公司 | Lifting hook structure of shot blasting machine |
| CN203568681U (en) * | 2013-10-16 | 2014-04-30 | 洛阳汉鼎起重机械有限公司 | Hook beam structure of electric block |
| CN104773651A (en) * | 2015-01-29 | 2015-07-15 | 象王重工股份有限公司 | Large tonnage hook capable of preventing rotary jamming |
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